Laplace transforms

Differential Equations Workbook

THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

1. Find the Laplace transform, given s > 0.

ℒ(t + 5)

2. Find the Laplace transform, given s > 0.

ℒ(sin t)

3. Find the Laplace transform, given s > 1.

ℒ(e t )

4. Find the Laplace transform, given s > 0.

ℒ(5t)

5. Find the Laplace transform, given s > 0.

ℒ(7)

6. Find the Laplace transform, given s > 0.

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ℒ(cos t)

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TABLE OF TRANSFORMS

1. Use a table of Laplace transforms to transform the function.

f (t) = cos(3t) + 5e −7t

2. Use a table of Laplace transforms to transform the function.

f (t) = t 2 + 3t − e 3t

3. Use a table of Laplace transforms to transform the function.

f (t) = 2t 4 − 3 sin(2t)

4. Use a table of Laplace transforms to transform the function.

f (t) = e −5t − t sin(3t)

5. Use a table of Laplace transforms to transform the function.

f (t) = e 6t cos t + t 4

6. Use a table of Laplace transforms to transform the function.

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f (t) = cos(5t) + 3t 3 − e −3t

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EXPONENTIAL TYPE

1. Determine the value of α in e αt such that the function f (t) = c, is of

exponential type. In other words, find the value of α that makes the
following equation true.

f (t)
lim =0
t→∞ e αt

2. Determine the value of α in e αt such that the function f (t) = t is of

exponential type. In other words, find the value of α that makes the
following equation true.

f (t)
lim =0
t→∞ e αt

3. Determine the value of α in e αt such that the function f (t) = t 2 + t is of

exponential type. In other words, find the value of α that makes the
following equation true.

f (t)
lim =0
t→∞ e αt

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4. Determine the value of α in e αt such that the function f (t) = t cos(bt) is of

exponential type. In other words, find the value of α that makes the
following equation true.

f (t)
lim =0
t→∞ e αt

5. Determine the value of α in e αt such that the function f (t) = ln(t) is of

exponential type. In other words, find the value of α that makes the
following equation true.

f (t)
lim =0
t→∞ e αt

6. Determine the value of α in e αt such that the function f (t) = te bt is of

exponential type. In other words, find the value of α that makes the
following equation true.

f (t)
lim =0
t→∞ e αt

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PARTIAL FRACTIONS DECOMPOSITIONS

1. Rewrite the function as its partial fractions decomposition.

x 3 − 2x 2 + 2x − 3
f (x) =
(x − 2)4

2. Rewrite the function as its partial fractions decomposition.

x 3 + 4x 2 − 10
f (x) = 2
x (x + 1)(x − 1)

3. Rewrite the function as its partial fractions decomposition.

2
f (x) =
(x − 1)(x + 1)

4. Rewrite the function as its partial fractions decomposition.

2x 4 + 16
f (x) =
x(x 2 + 2)2

5. Rewrite the function as its partial fractions decomposition.

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x+2
f (x) =
(x − 1)2

6. Rewrite the function as its partial fractions decomposition.

x 3 + 2x 2 − 3x + 1
f (x) =
x 3(x 2 + 1)2

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INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

1. Find the inverse Laplace transform.

s+3
F(s) =
s 2 − 3s + 2

2. Use an inverse Laplace transform to find f (t).

2s − 5
F(s) =
s 3 + s 2 − 12s

3. Find the inverse Laplace transform.

s−3
F(s) =
s 2 + 4s + 4

4. Use an inverse Laplace transform to find f (t).

3s 3 + 6s 2 + 27s + 24
F(s) =
s 4 + 13s + 36

5. Use an inverse Laplace transform to find f (t).

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s−2
F(s) =
s 2 − 4s + 5

6. Find the inverse Laplace transform.

s−2
F(s) =
2s 2 + 2s + 2

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TRANSFORMING DERIVATIVES

1. Find the Laplace transforms of y′(t) and y′′(t), given y(0) = 1 and y′(0) = 1.

2. Find the Laplace transforms of y′(t) and y′′(t), given y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = 2.

3. Find the Laplace transforms of y′(t) and y′′(t), given y(0) = 1 and
y′(0) = − 2.

4. Find the Laplace transforms of y′(t) and y′′(t), given y(0) = 3 and
y′(0) = − 1/4.

5. Find the Laplace transforms of y′(t) and y′′(t), given y(0) = 4 and
y′(0) = 2/3.

6. Find the Laplace transforms of y′(t) and y′′(t), given y(0) = 7 and
y′(0) = 1/7.

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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS FOR INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS

1. Find the solution to the second order equation, given y(0) = 1 and
y′(0) = − 1.

y′′ + 3y′ + 2y = 6t

2. Find the solution to the second order equation, given y(0) = 1 and
y′(0) = − 1.

3y′′ + 4y′ + y = − t

3. Find the solution to the second order equation, given y(0) = 1 and
y′(0) = 4.

y′′ − 5y′ = 10t − 2

4. Find the solution to the second order equation, given y(0) = 2 and
y′(0) = 2.

y′′ − 4y = − 13 cos(3t)

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5. Find the solution to the second order equation, given y(2) = 1 and
y′(2) = − 2.

y′′ + 2y′ − 3y = 0

6. Find the solution to the second order equation, given y(π) = 2 and
y′(π) = 0.

y′′ + 4y = 0

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STEP FUNCTIONS

1. Write f (t) in terms of step functions, if f (t) has a value of −3 at t = 0,

jumps down 2 units at t = 4, up 7 units at t = 5, and if f (t) = 9 for t ≥ 6.

2. Write an (on at 5)-to-off function that has a switch at t = 8.

3. Express the piecewise function in terms of unit step functions.

{0
cos t 0 ≤ t < 2π
f (t) =
t ≥ 2π

4. Rewrite the function g(t) in terms of Heaviside functions.

0 0≤t<1
t2 − 3 1≤t<2
g(t) =
5 2≤t<3
t3 + 2 t≥3

5. Describe all switches of the function f (t) = (−5 + 6u2(t) − 3u5(t))(1 − u7(t))
and represent it as a piecewise function.

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6. Describe all switches of the function f (t) = 4 − u1(t) + 5u3(t) + 3u4(t) − 6u8(t)
and represent it as a piecewise function.

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SECOND SHIFTING THEOREM

1. Use a step function to represent shifting the portion of f (x) for x ≥ 0 to

the right 2 units, while turning off the function on 0 ≤ x < 2. Then take its
Laplace transform.

f (x) = 5 − x 2 + cos(3x) − 4e 5x

2. Use a step function to represent shifting the portion of f (x) for x ≥ 0 to

the right 3 units, while turning off the function on 0 ≤ x < 3. Then take its
Laplace transform.

f (x) = 7x sin x − 4 cos(3x + 9)

3. Find the Laplace transform of the function.

{e 3t−21
0 0≤x<7
g(t) =
x≥7

4. Find the Laplace transform of the function.

{e t−4 sin(3t − 12) − (t − 4)3e 4t−16

0 0≤x<4
g(t) =
x≥4

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5. Calculate the Laplace transform.

ℒ(e 3t−6 cos(4 − 2t)u(t − 2))

6. Find the Laplace transform of the function.

1−t 0≤x<2
f (t) = −1 2≤x<4
(5t − 20)3e 3t−12 x≥4

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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS OF STEP FUNCTIONS

1. Find the inverse Laplace transform.

3se −7s
F(s) = 2
s − 5s + 6

2. Find the inverse Laplace transform.

(2s 2 + 1)e −3s

G(s) = 3
s − 4s 2 + 3s

3. Find the Laplace transform of the function g(t).

g(t) = 5u1(t) + 6(t − 3)3u3(t) + 7e 4u4(t)

4. Find the Laplace transform of the function g(t).

3 0≤t<2
f (t) = t+1 2≤t<5
4t − 14 t≥5

5. Find the Laplace transform of the function g(t).

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π
0 0≤t< 2
f (t) = 3 sin t π
≤t<π
2
cos t t≥π

6. Find the inverse Laplace transform.

( s s − 4)
3 −s 1 2 −3s 1
G(s) = + e − +e
s s−9

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STEP FUNCTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS

1. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = 0.

{e 2t
2 0≤t<4
y′′ =
t≥4

2. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 1 and y′(0) = 0.

y′′ − 9y = e 2t−10u(t − 5)

3. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = − 1 and y′(0) = 1.

y′′ − 4y′ = g(t)

{−3
0 0≤t<5
g(t) =
t≥5

4. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = 0.

y′′ − 5y′ + 6y = tu(t − 4)

5. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = − 2 and y′(0) = 1.

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y′′ − y′ = sin(3t − 9)u(t − 3)

6. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = 2.

{3t + 1
1 0≤t<2
y′′ − 6y′ =
t≥2

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THE DIRAC DELTA FUNCTION

1. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 1 and y′(0) = 0.

y′′ + 4y = 4δ(t − 2)

2. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = 1.

y′′ + 2y′ + 3y = δ(t − 5)

3. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 2 and y′(0) = 0.

y′′ − y′ = 3u(t − 1)

4. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = 1 and y′(0) = 1.

y′′ + y′ − 2y = 3u(t − 4)

5. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = − 2 and y′(0) = 1.

y′′ − 2y = u(t − 7) − 2δ(t − 7)

6. Solve the initial value problem, given y(0) = − 1 and y′(0) = − 2.

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y′′ + 2y′ + y = 7δ(t − 5) + 5u(t − 3)

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CONVOLUTION INTEGRALS

1. Find the convolution of f (t) = e 2t and g(t) = 2t, then show that the
Laplace transform of the convolution is equivalent to the product of the
individual transforms F(s) and G(s).

2. Use a convolution integral to find the inverse transform.

s2
H(s) = 2
(s + 1)2

3. Find the convolution of f (t) = cos t and g(t) = t 2, then show that the
Laplace transform of the convolution is equivalent to the product of the
individual transforms F(s) and G(s).

4. Find the convolution of f (t) = e 2t and g(t) = e −3t, then show that the
Laplace transform of the convolution is equivalent to the product of the
individual transforms F(s) and G(s).

5. Use a convolution integral to find the inverse transform of the

following transform.

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1
H(s) =
(s − 5)(s − 6)

6. Find the convolution of f (t) = t 3 and g(t) = 8, then show that the Laplace
transform of the convolution is equivalent to the product of the individual
transforms F(s) and G(s).

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CONVOLUTION INTEGRALS FOR INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS

1. Use a convolution integral to find the general solution y(t) to the

differential equation, given y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = 0.

y′′ + 4y = g(t)

2. Use a convolution integral to find the general solution y(t) to the

differential equation, given y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = − 2.

y′′ + 2y′ − 3y = g(t)

3. Use a convolution integral to find the general solution y(t) to the

differential equation, given y(0) = 1 and y′(0) = 0.

y′′ − y′ − 2y = e 5t

4. Use a convolution integral to find the general solution y(t) to the

differential equation, given y(0) = 2 and y′(0) = − 1.

y′′ + 3y′ = g(t)

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5. Use a convolution integral to find the general solution y(t) to the

differential equation, given y(0) = 1 and y′(0) = 1.

y′′ − 5y′ + 4y = g(t)

6. Use a convolution integral to find the general solution y(t) to the

differential equation, given y(0) = − 1 and y′(0) = 0.

y′′ − 2y′ − 8y = g(t)

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