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Complex Number... 2

Mathematics N4 Complex Numbers Part 2

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19 views10 pages

Complex Number... 2

Mathematics N4 Complex Numbers Part 2

Uploaded by

nicolettephemelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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MATHEMATICS N4

COMPLEX NUMBERS
MODULE 2:

MR. MONNAMONTSHO 1
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

Simplify the following expressions:


1. 2𝑎 + 4𝑏 + (3𝑎 + 6𝑏)
2. 2𝑎 + 4𝑏 − (3𝑎 + 6𝑏)
3. 2𝑎 + 4𝑏 (3𝑎 + 6𝑏)

2
ADDITION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN STANDARD
FORM

Step 1: Add the real terms


Step 2: Add the imaginary terms
Example:
2 + 𝑗3 + (4 + 𝑗6)
= 2 + 4 + (𝑗3 + 𝑗6)
= 6 + (𝑗9

3
SUBTRACTION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN
STANDARD FORM

Step 1: Convert subtraction to addition.


NB: multiply the – sign through out on the second term.
Step 2: Apply addition rules.
Example:
2 + 𝑗3 − (4 + 𝑗6)
= 2 + 𝑗3 + (−4 − 𝑗6)
= 2 − 4 + (𝑗3 − 𝑗6)
= −2 − 𝑗3 4
MULTIPLICATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN
STANDARD FORM

Step 1: Multiply as if the numbers are ordinary binomials (using FOIL).


NB: multiply the – sign through out on the second term.
Step 2: Add the products.
Step 3: Replace 𝑗 2 with −1 .
Example:
2 + 𝑗3 (4 + 𝑗6)
= 2 × 4 + 2 × 𝑗6 + 𝑗3 × 4 + (𝑗3 × 𝑗6)
= 8 + 𝑗12 + 𝑗12 + 𝑗 2 18
= 8 + 𝑗24 + (−1)(18)
= 8 + 𝑗24 − 18
5
= −10 + 𝑗24
THE CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER

• Conjugate pair are two complex numbers in which only the sign of their imaginary parts
differs.
• If z = 𝑎 + 𝑗𝑏, then its conjugate 𝑧ҧ = 𝑎 − 𝑗𝑏.
• Conjugate pair represent the difference of two squares.
• The product of the conjugate pair is the real part squared plus the imaginary part squared.
• Proof:
2 + 𝑗3 (2 − 𝑗3)
= 2 × 2 + 2 × −𝑗3 + 𝑗3 × 2 + (𝑗3 × −𝑗3)
= 22 − 𝑗6 + 𝑗6 − 𝑗 2 32
= 22 − (−1)32
= 22 + 32
6
DIVISION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN STANDARD
FORM

Step 1: Covert the denominator into a single term (if necessary).


Step 2: Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the
conjugate of the denominator.
NOTE: This is the same as multiplying by 1.
Step 3: Simplify.

7
DIVISION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN STANDARD
FORM
Example:
2 + 𝑗3
4 + 𝑗6
2 + 𝑗3 4 − 𝑗6
= ×
4 + 𝑗6 4 − 𝑗6
2 × 4 + 2 × −𝑗6 + 𝑗3 × 4 + (𝑗3 × −𝑗6)
=
4 × 4 + 4 × −𝑗6 + 𝑗6 × 4 + (𝑗6 × −𝑗6)
8 − 𝑗12 + 𝑗12 − 𝑗 2 18
= 2
4 − 𝑗24 + 𝑗24 − 𝑗 2 62
8 − (−1)(18)
=
16 − (−1)(36)
8 + 18
=
16 + 36
26 1
= = 8
52 2
HOMEWORK

1. Activity 2.1 page 44:


Number 7-10
2. Activity 2.2 page 47:
Number 2.5
3. Activity 2.3 page 53:
Number 1, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 4.3, 4.5, 4.6, 4.9, 4.10 and 6.
4. Activity 2.4 page 57:
Number 1 and 3
5. Activity 2.5 page 63:
Number 1.4, 1.5, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.6, 4.7, 4.9, 4.10 and 5 9
THE END

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