Scribd
Upload
54 views4 pages

S5 - Practical 1 and 2

Uploaded by

Khushi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views4 pages

S5 - Practical 1 and 2

Uploaded by

Khushi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Experiment 1

Aim:
To prepare a temporary mount of a lily leaf peel to show stomata.

Materials Required:

Freshly cut leaf of a lily plant, forceps, needles, watch glasses, glass
slides, a dropper, coverslips, a brush, blotting paper, safranin, water
and a compound microscope.

Theory:
Stomata are small openings found widely scattered on the
epidermis of leaves and young stems. They are mostly found on the
lower surface of the leaf. Stomata regulate the exchange of gases
and water vapour between the atmosphere and leaves.

Procedure:
1. Remove a healthy leaf from the potted plant.

2. Remove a part of the peel from the lower surface of the leaf. You
can do this by folding the leaf over and gently pulling the peel apart
using forceps. Keeps the peel in a watch glass containing water.

3. Put a few drops of safranin stain in a watch glass.

4. After about 20-25 seconds take out the peel and place it on a
clean glass slide.

5. Put a drop of water over the peel and place a clean coverslip
gently over it with the help of a needle.

6. Remove the excess stain and water with the help of blotting
paper.

7. Observe the slide under the low-power and high-power


magnifications of the compound microscope
Observations:
1. The epidermal cells are visible.

2. Many small pores (stomata) are seen scattered among the


epidermal cells.

3. Each pore is guarded by two bean-shaped guard cells, each


containing chloroplasts and a nucleus.

Result:
Stomata are present in the epidermal cells of the lower surface of
the leaf.

Precautions:
1. Cut the peel to a proper size and avoid folding it.

2. Always place the peel at the centre of the slide and hold the slide
at the edges.

3. Do not overstrain or under strain the peel.

4. Always handle the peel with a brush as a needle may damage the
cells.

5. Take care to prevent the peel from drying by using water.

6. Place the coverslip gently, avoiding any air bubbles.

7. Remove excess stain and water with a blotting paper.


Experiment 2

Aim:
To show experimentally that carbon dioxide is released during
respiration.

Materials Required:
A conical flask, a beaker, a cork with a hole, a glass tube bent at
right angles at two places, a small test tube, KOH solution, thread,
coloured water, Vaseline and germinating seeds of gram or pea.

Theory:
Respiration is a process which involves the breakdown of food or
complex organic molecules into simpler products, with the release
of energy. This process can take place either in the presence of
oxygen (aerobic respiration) or in its absence (anaerobic
respiration).

The overall reaction mechanism of aerobic respiration involves the


oxidation of carbohydrate and the subsequent production of CO2,
H2O and energy.

Procedure:
1. Take the conical flask and place some germinating gram or pea
seeds in it.

2. Insert the shorter end of the glass tube through the hole in the
cork and fix it on the conical flask.

3. Before fixing the cork, hang a test tube containing KOH solution
inside the conical flask with the help of a thread.

4. Take coloured water in the beaker and keep the longer end of the
glass tube dipped inside it.

5. Make the conical flask airtight by applying Vaseline on its rim.

6. Note the initial level of water in the tube.


7. Observe and note the rise in the water level after an hour, without
disturbing the apparatus.

Observations:
Water level rises up in the bent tube.

Result:
The rise in the level of water indicates that CO2 is produced by
germinating seeds during respiration. Actually, the germinating
seeds respire and produce CO2, which is absorbed by KOH solution.
This creates a vacuum in the conical flask. The air present in the
bent glass tube moves into the conical flask. This pulls the water in
the bent tube further up.

Precautions:
1. Keep the conical flask airtight.

2. Fix the shorter end of the glass tube in such a way that it does not
touch the seeds.

3. Use freshly prepared KOH solution.

You might also like