L.D.

College of
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
subject : Dynamics of Machinary (3151911)
: Balancing of
CH3: Reciprocating Masses
refers to an outside cylinder uncoupled
following data cylinder 300 Kg Weight of locomotive;
The
rotating parts per reciprocating parts
1.
Weightof Angle between cranks 900 Crank Radius 300 mm Distance
cylinder2270 Kg
per wheels 1550 mm Distance between cylinder centers 1750 mm
between 2000 mm Radius of balancing weight 700 mm 1f
Diameter of. driving wheels
the revolving and 2/3 of reciprocating masses are to be balanced,
whole of and position of the balancing mass requiredin the
determinethe magnitude
ofdrivingwheels.
planes
cylinder reciprocating engine runs at 300 rpm and has astroke length
2. Asinglemm. The mass of reciprocating partsis 40 kg and the mass ofrevolving
of250
partsat 125
mm radius is 28 kg. If only 2/3rd ofthe reciprocating parts and
revolving parts areto be balanced, find the following:(i) Balancing
allthe (residual) unbalanced
required at a radius of 350 mm.(ii) Resultant
mass
magnitude and direction when the crank has turned 45° from IDC.
forcein

times
an eccentric mass rotating at 3000 rpm will create X
statement mass rotating at 300 rpm.
3. In the than 50% of the same
more unbalanced force
of X?
What is the value
and
locomotive are all on the same axle
three cranks of three cylinder is 1 meter and the stroke of each
4. The cylinders
120°. The pitch of the 300 kg for inside cylinder and
are set at
The reciprocating masses are of rotation of the balance
pistonis 0.6 m. outside cvlinder and the planes reciprocatingpartsare
ofthe
260 kg for each from the insidecrank. If40 % position of the balancing
masses are 0.8 m magnitude and the perwheel
when
(1)The hammer blow
balanced, Find: 0.6 m. (2)
The
to be at a radius of
nasses required
the axle makes 6 r.p.s.
 QUIZ 6
Section A] Descriptivetype
1) Questions
Differential
and uncoupledbetween i) inside
locomotives. cylinder and
2) Explain the following terms: (i) outside cylinder locomotives, ii)
coupled
3)
tractive force Hammer blow (ii) Swaying couple (ii)
Justify,"Reciprocating masses are Variation in
partially balanced".
Section B] Examples
1) Four masses 150kg,
radii 150 mm, 200mm,200100
kg, 100 kg and 250 kg are
mm and 250 mm; in planes attached to a shaft revolving at
planesB, Cand D are at distances A, B, Cand D
350
masses planes B, Cand D are at an angle
in mm, 500 mm and 800 mm fromrespectively.
plane A. The
The
105°,200° and 300° measured
anticlockwise from mass in plane A. It is required
balancing masses in the planes P and Q which are to balance the system by placing the
and B, and between Cand D midway between the
respectively. If the balancing masses revolve atplanes A
180 mm, find the magnitude and angular radius
Winter 2015) positions of the balance masses. (GTU

2) Explain about 'primary' and 'secondary' balancing of reciprocating masses. A

single cylinder reciprocating engine has speed 240 rpm, stroke 300 mm, mass of
reciprocating parts 50kg, mass of revolving parts at 150 mm radius 30 kg. If all
the mass of revolving parts and twothird of the mass of reciprocating parts are to
be balanced, find the balance mass required at radius of 400 mm and the residual
unbalanced force when the crank has rotated 60° from IDC. (GTU Winter 2015)

3) The following data refer to four coupled wheel locomotive with two inside
cylinders:
Pitch of the cylinders = 600 mm,
reciprocating mass/cylinder = 315 kg,
revolving mass/cylinder = 260 kg,
distance between driving wheels = 1.6 m,
distance between coupling rods = 2m,
diameter of driving wheels = 1.9 m,
rod crank = 130 kg,
revolving parts for each coupling
engine crank radius =300 mm,
crank radius = 240 mm,
coupling rod planes of driving wheels from axle
distance of centre of balance mss in
centre
= 750 mm,
= 90
angle between engine cranks with adjacent engine crank=1800
angle between coupling rodcrank between
The balanced mss required for the reciprocating parts is equally divided
Determine
each pair of coupled wheels.
position of the balance mass required
balancing (vo -
1. The magnitude and
of the revolving parts.
third of reciprocating and wholemaximum
blow and the variation of tractive force when the
2. The hammer
locomotive speed 80 km/hr.
 7

4) The following data apply to an outside cylinder uncoupled locomotive : Mass of

rotatingparts per cylinder =360 kg; Mass of reciprocating parts per cylinder = 300
m; Cylinder centres = 1.75 m;
kg; Angle between cranks = 90; Crank radius = 0.3 rotating
=1.45 m. If whole of the
Radius of balance masses = 0.75 m: Wheel centres
to be balanced in planes of the driving
and two-thirds of reciprocating parts arepositions of balance masses, 2. Speed in
wheels, find: 1. Magnitude and angularwill lift off the rails when the load on each
kilometres per hour at which the wheel m, and 3.
diameter of tread of driving wheels is 1.8
driving wheel is 30 kN and the 2014)
above. (GTU Winter
Swaying couple at speed arrived at in (2)
Section A| Objective Type QUIZ
1) 7The ratio of
the actual Questions
a) logarithmic damping
decrement,
cocfficientthe critical
c)critically b) damping damping, cocficient is called
cocfficient,
2) damping coefficient, d) magnilication factor, c)
The rotary system having damping damping factor
with an angular velocity of 2 rad / coefficient of 50 N msec / rad, when
a) 50 Nm b) 100 Nm c) 25sec willexperiences the damping torque o
twisled
3) If damping factor in a Nm d) 200 Nm
vibration
a) having no vibrations, system is unity, then the system will be
c) under damped, b) highly damped,
4) In the viscous damping, the d) critically damped
frequency of damped oscillations as comparcd to
frequency of un-damped vibrations is
a) less b) more c) same d)zero
5) A mass of 1Kg is attached to the end of a spring with a stiffness coeff of system is
a) 1.40 Ns /m, b) 187.522 Ns /m, c) 52.92 Ns/m, d) 529.20 Ns/m
6)The rate of decay of oscillations is known as
a) critically damping b) damping coefficient
c) trans1missibility d) logarithmicdecrement
Section B] Deseriptive Questions
significaHce of it in vibrations. Derive an
1) Explain logarithmicdecrement and
expression for logarithmic decrement. method to determine damping coefficient.
experimental
2) Explain with neat sketch

Section C| Examples has dashpot having

supported on aspring of 9800 N/m and frequency. Also find
) A mass ofI
kg is damped natural
coefficient of 5.9 N-sec/m. Find the 3 cycles, if the initial amplitude is 3
damping after
logarithmic decrement and amplitude dashpot is
the
a spring of 180 N/cm. A | N at a
suspended from resistance of
mass 100 Kg is and ground with a damping
mm.
anplitude
2) A body of
the mass damping coeflicient, ii) the cm.
between 2.5
connected
cm/sec. Determine i) the critical amplitude of
from an initial Kg, and the damping
velocity of6 released
body 10 cycles after it was K= 30 KN/m, m = 100 damping ratio, ü) Ce.
ofthespring-mass-dashpot system value. Determine i)vibration, the logarithmie
critical iv)
3) Ina only20 % ofthe damped and undamped of lo
provided is frequency ofsuccessiveamplitudes. suspended mass
natural the vibr:ations
iii) the ratio oftwo vibrating system,
amplitude of
natural
decrement, v)the viscously damped seconds. The oscillations. danying
In a single degree
oscillations in 27 valueafier5 damping lactorand
4) 45 initial
Kg makes one fourth ofthe decrement, b) The
decreases to logarithmic sprig
Determine: a)The Thestiflnessofthe
c)
coefficient.
 5

Quiz:
1) Derive an expression for critical speed of shaft carrying a single
damping. rotor and having
2) Describe critical speed of shaft carrying single rotor and having no damp1ng in
250 words.
3) A rotorof mass 4 kg is mounted on I cm diameter shaft at apoint 10cm from one
end. The 25 cm long shaft is supported by bearings.Calculate the critical speed.
If the center of gravity of the disc is 0.03 mm away from the geometric center of
rotor, find thedeflection of the shaft when its speed of rotation is 5000 r.p.m. Take
E= 1.96 x 1011N/m2. Find critical speed when the rotor is mounted midway on
the shaft.
A horizontal shaft of 10 mm diameter is simply supported at both ends by
4) middle of the horizontal shaft. The
A rotor of mass 5 Kg is attached at
bearings.
two bearings is 500 mm. The center gravity of the rotor is 2.5 mm
span between rotor. Find the deflection of the shaft
and
the geometric center of the
offset from
criticalspeed of the shaft. held in long bearings. Length and diameter of
to a shaft Kg.
5) The following data refers respectively. Mass of the rotor at midpoint = 16
of
shaft is 1.2m and 14 mm of rotor from center of rotor =0.4 mm, Modulus =
material
Eccentricity of center of mass GN/m2, Permissible stress in the shaft
rigidity of shaft
material= 200
speed of the shaft and the range of speed
N/m2. Determine the critical Assume the shaft to be fixed at both ends.
70x 106 shaft.
which it isunsafe to run the
Over massless.
Assumethe shaftto be
 L.D. College of
Mechanical Engineering Engineering
Department
Subject Dynamics of Machinary
:
(3151911)
CH 5:Vibration
1. Ashaft of 100mm diameter and 1 metre length has one of
its end fixed and
the other end carries adisc of mass 500 kg at a
radius of gyration of 450 mm.
The modulus of rigidity for the shaft material is 80 GN/m². Determine the
frequency of torsional vibrations.
2. Asteel shaft 1.5 m long is 95 mm in diameter for the first 0.6 m of its length,
60mm in diameter for the next 0.5 m of the length and 50 mm in diameter
for the remaining 0.4 m of its length. The shaft carries two flywheels at two
ends, the first having amass of 900 kg and 0.35 m radius of gyration located
at the 95 mm diameter and and the second havingamass of 700 kg and 0.55
location of the
m radius of gyration located at the other end. Determine the
the system. The
node and the natural frequency of free torsional vibration of
80 GN/m².
modulus of rigidity of shaft material may be taken as
50cm long. Weight of
3. Two rotors A and Bare attached to the end ofa shaft
gyration is 30 cm and the corresponding
the rotor A is 300 N and its radius if
respectively. The shaft is 7 cm in diameter
values of 8 are 500 N and 45 cm the
12 cm for the next 10 cm and 10 cm diameter for
for the first 25 cm, rigidity for the shaft material is 8 x 101
Modulus of
remaining of its length. (i) the frequency of
torsional
of the node
N/m². Find: (1) the position
vibration. masses. The mass A is 300 kg with a
twO
shown in figure carries with a radius of gyration
4. The shaft 0.75 m and the mass B is 500 Kg
radius ofgyration of torsional vibrations. It is desired to
frequency of the mm diameter by
Determine the shaft of 120
of 0.9 m. the mid-section
of the diameter. What willbe
node at a90 mm
have the the section having
diameter of
changing the
the new diameter?

B!

100

400
-125
H-30o (mm)