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Design and Implementation of Vehicle Navigation System in Urban Environments using

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2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 225 012262

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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Design and Implementation of Vehicle Navigation System in

Urban Environments using Internet of Things (Iot)

Bhavana Godavarthi, Paparao Nalajala, Vasavi Ganapuram Dept. of

Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical
Engineering Dundigal, Hyderabad

Abstract: Advanced vehicle monitoring and tracking system based on embedded Linux board
and android application is designed and implemented for monitoring the school vehicle from
any location A to location B at real time. The present system would make good use of new
technology that based on embedded Linux namely Raspberry Pi and Smartphone android
application. This system works on GPS/GPRS/GSM SIM900A. GPS finds the current location
of the vehicle, GPRS sends the tracking information to the server and the GSM is used for
sending alert message to vehicle’s owner mobile. This system is placed inside the vehicle whose
position is to be determined on the web page and monitored at real time. There is a comparison
between the current vehicle path already specified paths into the file system. Inside the
raspberry pi’s file system taken from vehicle owners through android phone using android
application. Means the selection of path from location A to B takes place from vehicle
owner’s android application which gives more safety and secures traveling to the traveler.
Hence the driver drives the vehicle only on the vehicle owner’s specified path. The driver
drives the vehicle only on the vehicle owner’s specified path but if the driver drives in wrong
path the message alert will be sent from this system to the vehicle owners mobile and also
sent speakers alert to driver through audio jack. If the vehicles speed goes beyond the
specified value of the speed, then warning message will be sent to owner mobile. This system
also takes care of the traveler’s safety by using Gas leakage and Temperature sensors

Keywords: Raspberry Pi, Gas sensor, Temperature sensor, GPS, GSM, GPRS, Android Mobile

1. INTRODUCTION
In the early days, we observe the drivers exhaust driving and vehicle theft activity which
causes real time problems such as accidents causing many hazards. In day to day life we see
or read such type of activities which are raising the question of our safety and security in
both public and private sectors. Due to these hazards there is a need for real time
monitoring and tracking [1] the vehicle and also storing and updating its database of certain
situations. In the urban areas, human help is somewhat difficult in providing the database of
tracked vehicle [2]. In the proposed system, the system provides a fully automated tracking
and monitoring of the vehicle which helpful for school bus, their owners, children’s safety
and also it provides the accurate arrival time of the vehicle at particular location or stop.
And hence using accuracy in time, children can spend more time in studying, sleeping, or
relaxing rather than wait for a delayed bus. Spending less time waiting for a bus improves
comfortable and effective time management of the student as well. In order to reduce man
power and saving of money, here the system provides easy tracking solution using
Embedded Linux Board [11].

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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This system gets tracking information of the vehicle such as vehicle number i.e. Unique ID,
location, speed, date, time and store the information into the data base of Raspberry Pi[10],
the existing system provides safety mechanism by using sensors, due to these sensors
temperature raising inside the vehicle or gas leakage alert messages or sent to driver and
owner.
By using GPS [2] [15] we can track location and maintain its data base. With the help of
MySQL
data base system which is advance feature of Raspberry Pi [10] this data base information is
updated to vehicle database server and the user can access this information using smart
phone [3]. So that we can easily identify and continuously monitor the vehicle moment and
determine the estimated distance and also time of arrival for the given destination.

2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Proposed system continuously monitors and tracks [1] the school vehicle at real time
environment using web page in smart phone. If the driver chooses the wrong path the system
gives alert message to the owner smart phone as well as on raspberry Pi audio system. So
that the provision of more safety and secure travelling facility is improved using Android
application of smart phone [6] [13]. This system also provides the children safety
environment by using sensors and updating the alerts such as speed, time, location and date
to vehicle owner with help of data base. This data base is also useful in case of vehicle theft
detection. The proposed system would get controlled with the help of Raspberry pi which is
placed inside the vehicle shown below in figure.1.

Figure.1. System Design

To communicate GPS/GPRS/GSM [15] modules we use USB interface with Raspberry Pi
[11]. The current received path longitudes and latitudes are compared with stored longitudes
and latitudes present in data base file format inside Raspberry Pi, if there is any mismatch
found with the help of GPS [5], the wrong path detection alert message is sent to vehicle
owner mobile and also sent to server with the help of GPRS. So that the owner, students and
their parents can easily tack the vehicle location by using smart phone with help of login
facility on web page.

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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The proposed system provides student’s safety with help of Temperature and Gas leakage
sensor which are interfaced with raspberry Pi, if the temperature sensor crosses the specific
value or if found any gas leakage in vehicle the message alert is sent to the vehicle owner.
So that safety mechanism is provided by the system.

3. SYSTEM DESIGN FLOWCHAR

Figure.2. Flowchart 1 of
proposed system

Figure. 2.1. Flowchart 2 of

proposed system
a. System specification
1) Embedded Linux Board

Figure. 3. The Raspberry Pi B+ Board Figure3.1. GSM /GPRS with GPS

receiver module

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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4. Design and implementation

4.1 Real time vehicle tracking on the web page using GPS/GPRS/GSM module and
Raspberry pi [10].
These module gets interfaced with Raspberry Pi gives the information of longitude, latitude,
speed, time of the vehicle by using real time tracking and stores the information in database
server for further
updating. Registered user tracks the information through login webpage as
follows:
Super Login: In this provision, the vehicle’s owner can track the vehicle in his Smartphone
using Super Login on the web page. Hence only owner can access this login. Primary Login:
In this provision, the registered students can track the school vehicle in their Smartphone
using Primary Login on web page. Hence only those students who get registered into the
system can access this login.

Secondary Login: In this provision, the student’s parents can track the school vehicle
in their Smartphone using Secondary Login on the web page. Hence only registered
student’s parents can access this login

4.2 Using smart phone vehicle’s right and wrong path tracking algorithm:
This system provides safety and secure solution for wrong path alert using smart phone
android application for the selection of particular path from A to B through which the
vehicle supposed to travel
Hence the driver drives the vehicle according to the first vehicle owner decided path from A
to B with help of latitude and longitude traced by the owner and stores the information in
data base using Bluetooth or USB port. By using Raspberry system file programming, the
longitudes and latitudes received from GPS current location are compared with data base
stored longitude and latitude received from android application.

Figure. 4. The longitudes and latitudes which are stored in the file format inside raspberry pi
have been taken from android application using Bluetooth.
Hence if this comparison gives less tolerance then the driver is in right path i.e. from A to B,
if not the driver has choosen wrong path and the message alert is sent to vehicle owner
mobile that the vehicle is on wrong path using GSM/GPS module [15]

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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The raspberry Pi provides 3.5mm audio jack facility, so that if the driver drives the vehicle
on wrong
path the audio alert is specified by the “omxplayer alert.mp3” to solve this
problem
3) Vehicle tracking information database monitoring system using LAMP (Linux, Apache,
MySQL, and PHP):
Using Linux Apache, MySQL and PHP i.e. Lamp system the vehicle is tracked and the
information such as Longitudes, latitudes, speed, date and time are stored in database of
Raspberry pi. The browser monitors and tracks the updates stored in vehicle with the help
of server information provided by the GPRS (SIM 900 A).
4) Safety mechanism for the students using Sensors:
The proposed system takes care of the children’s safety by using LPG Gas leakage
sensor and temperature sensor. The temperature sensor DS18B20 which works on the 1 wire
protocol gives a digital output hence can be get directly interface with the Raspberry Pi.
The threshold value of the temperature set in the program. If that threshold temperature
value gets cross by output value of the temperature sensor due to some reason then alert
message will be sent to the vehicle owner’s Smartphone. Also the LPG Gas leakage sensor
get interface with Op-amp LM358N which gives a digital output. That output voltage can be
controlled by using current limiting resistors which helps the Raspberry pi’s GPIO from
damage. Likewise both sensors output driven through Raspberry pi would get compare with
threshold values and if limit crosses then the alert message will be given to vehicle owners
mobile using GSM of SIM900A module. In following results, the threshold value set at
30 Degree Celsius.

5. Testing and result

5.1. Testing of DS18B20 Temperature sensor using Raspberry pi
The sensor testing and their results are taken as follows:
As temperature sensor DS18B20 works upon 1 wire protocol, the sensor gives digital
output data whenever receives input voltage from raspberry pi and it get stored in file system
of raspberry pi. Using file system programming, the sensor data get easily access and
processed further for giving alert message. Here while performing sensors testing, major
issues need to be considered namely:
a) Raspberry pi’s GPIO are compatible at 3.3V logic level so sensors output needs to be
limited at this
3.3V logic level.
b)Devices required in the proposed system needs to be selected as per Raspberry pi’s GPIO
and other interfaces logic level compatibility. The input voltage and input current driven
through power supply to the Raspberry pi needs to be selected as per specified logic
level

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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Figure. 5. Testing results of DS18B20

Temperature sensor

5.2 Testing of Gas Sensor MQ6 using Raspberry pi

The Gas sensor MQ6 gives output as it receives 5V input. So whenever the sensor sense
LPG gas it gives analog output which then given to LM358N Op-amp gives digital output.
Then the digital output has driven through limiting resistor and further given to raspberry pi.
The calibration of results of the output voltage has been taken using potentiometer. Hence
by checking the raspberry pi’s GPIO pin status, the sensor output data used for giving alert
message of leakage gas to the vehicle owner Smartphone.
The sensor testing and their results are taken as
follows:
The input voltage and input current driven through power supply to the Raspberry pi
needs to be selected as per specified logic level. Which then given to LM358N Op-amp
gives digital output. Then the digital output has driven through limiting resistor and further
given to raspberry pi. The calibration of results of the output voltage has been taken using
potentiometer.

Figure. 6. Testing results of MQ6

gas sensor

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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5.3 Testing results of GPS module using Raspberry pi

The GPS Module testing gives the following results of all output sequence GPS data.

Figure. 7. Testing results of GPS Module using

Raspberry pi.
The following table shows meaning of each data in the GNRMC data format received from
GPS and GLONASS satellite. Hence the required GNRMC data format received from GPS
and GLONASS satellite get separated as shown in the figure below.

Figure. 9. Required GNRMC data format get separated using

algorithm.
Now in the further development, we take the tolerance between this separated current
vehicle information like longitude, latitude, speed, date, time from GPS receiver and the
information received from android application of owner’s Smartphone so as to provide
wrong path alert to the vehicle owner.
5.4 Tracking position on web page developed using HTML, PHP; CSS is shown in the
figure below

Figure.10. Web page developed for vehicle database

monitoring purpose.

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ICMAEM-2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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CONCLUSION
This system has made good use of Smartphone technology by providing safety and
secure traveling to the traveler using wrong path alert mechanism. The system plays an
important role in real time tracking and monitoring of vehicle by updating vehicle real
time information on the server side after certain interval of time in order to monitored
vehicle continuously. Drives vehicle on the wrong path or in case of vehicle’s accident
situation occurs, the system provides the vehicle’s current location, speed to the vehicle
owner’s mobile. Hence this benefits to track the vehicle as early as possible. Student’s
safety mechanism also gets provided using temperature and LPG gas leakage sensors. In
this certain situations, as per student’s safety concern, also gives alert massage on student
parents mobile so that parents also know about their children’s safety.
In future this system can be interfaced with vehicle airbag system that prevents vehicle
occupants from striking interior objects such as the steering wheel or window. This can be
developed by interconnecting a camera to the controller module that takes the photograph
of the accident spot that
make the tracking easier.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I have taken offers in this project. The authors would like to thanks however, it would not
have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and
organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (2017) 012262 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/225/1/012262
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AUTHORS BIOGRAPHY

1. Bhavana G, Received Master’s degree from Aurora’s Engg. College

Hyderabad, India. Working as Asst. Professor in the Dept.of ECE at
IARE, Hyderabad. I have 5 years’ Experience in relative field. My
research areas interests includes Embedded systems Image processing, Bio
Medical image processing and Communications.

2. Paparao N Received the Master’s degree from BIET, Hyderabad,

India. Working as
Asst Professor in the Dept.of ECE at IARE, Hyderabad. I have 5 years’
Experience in Teaching and 2
Years in Research. My research areas interests includes Embedded systems,
VLSI, Bio medical Image processing, Communications and Wireless sensor networks
3. Vasavi G, Pursuing Master’s at Institute of Aeronautical Engineering in the department
of ECE. My research is interested Embedded Systems, Sensor, Communication and
Networking.