VARIPACK - external BITZER Frequency Inverters (FI)

Translation of the original Operating Instructions

English...................................................................................................................................................... 2
VARIPACK − externe BITZER Frequenzumrichter (FU)
Originalbetriebsanleitung
Deutsch .................................................................................................................................................... 43
VARIPACK − convertisseurs de fréquences (CF) BITZER externes
Traduction des instructions de service d’origine
Français.................................................................................................................................................... 84
FDU+6, FDU+12
FEU+16, FEU+24
FGU+32, FGU+38
FHU+45, FHU+60, FHU+73
FJU+87, FJU+105, FJU+145
FKU+180, FKU+205, FKU+260
Document for electrically skilled installers
Dokument für elektrisch unterwiesene Monteure
Document pour des monteurs instrués électriquement
Table of contents
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Safety.................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Authorized staff.............................................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Residual risks ................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.3 Safety references........................................................................................................................................... 3
2.3.1 General safety references.................................................................................................................. 3
3 Technical data...................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Modular design of the VARIPACK frequency inverter ................................................................................... 6
4 Mounting .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 Transport and storage ................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Ventilation...................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.3 Switch cabinet mounting................................................................................................................................ 8
4.4 Through-switch cabinet mounting (option)..................................................................................................... 9
4.4.1 Mounting work for through-switch cabinet mounting........................................................................ 11
4.5 Mounting in machinery room (option) .......................................................................................................... 13
4.5.1 Mounting instructions for the IP21 kit............................................................................................... 14
4.6 Mounting the fixtures for power cables and control cables.......................................................................... 15
5 Electrical connection ........................................................................................................................................ 16
5.1 Earth connection.......................................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 Power connections (voltage supply cable and motor cable)........................................................................ 17
5.3 Control connections (inputs and outputs) .................................................................................................... 18
5.4 Operating modes ......................................................................................................................................... 20
5.4.1 Capacity control of the compressor depending on an external setpoint signal................................ 20
5.4.2 Capacity control of the compressor as a function of the evaporation pressure ............................... 21
5.5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)........................................................................................................... 22
5.5.1 Analysis of the harmonics FDU+6 .. FKU+260 ................................................................................ 23
5.6 Safe Torque Off (STO) ................................................................................................................................ 24
5.7 Schematic wiring diagrams.......................................................................................................................... 26
5.7.1 Schematic wiring diagrams semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors ........................................... 26
5.7.2 Schematic wiring diagrams semi-hermetic screw compressors ...................................................... 29
6 Control functions............................................................................................................................................... 33
6.1 Extension module for pressure control ........................................................................................................ 35
7 Data communication with the VARIPACK frequency inverter ...................................................................... 37
7.1 Communication via the BEST SOFTWARE ................................................................................................ 37
7.2 Removable control panel (with display and keypad) ................................................................................... 38
7.2.1 Kit for external mounting of the control panel .................................................................................. 38
7.2.2 Control panel setup and operation................................................................................................... 39
7.3 Interfaces for communication via Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP/IP ......................................................... 39
8 Commissioning of the VARIPACK frequency inverter................................................................................... 39
9 Fault messages and monitoring functions ..................................................................................................... 40
10 Maintenance....................................................................................................................................................... 41
1 Introduction
The VARIPACK frequency inverters (FI) have been developed for use in refrigeration, especially for capacity
control of BITZER compressors. In addition to speed
control, the VARIPACK frequency inverters can also
take over control functions of the refrigeration system.
These Operating Instructions describe the
BITZER VARIPACK frequency inverters for refrigeration compressors. For any further information regarding
the programming of the Modbus RTU and Modbus
TCP/IP interface, see BEST SOFTWARE 2.9 or newer.
The VARIPACK frequency inverters have been built in
accordance with state-of-the-art methods and current
regulations. Particular importance has been placed on
user safety. These Operating Instructions must be kept
available in the vicinity of the VARIPACK frequency inverter!
2 Safety
2.1 Authorized staff
All work done on frequency inverters may only be performed by qualified and authorized staff who have been
trained and instructed accordingly. Local regulations
and guidelines apply with respect to the staff's qualification and expertise.
2.2 Residual risks
Frequency inverters may present unavoidable residual
risks. That is why any person working on this device
must carefully read these Operating Instructions!
The following rules and regulations are mandatory:
• relevant safety regulations and standards (e.g.
EN378-2 and EN60204-1),
• generally accepted safety rules,
• EU directives,
• national regulations.
2.3 Safety references
are instructions intended to prevent hazards. Safety references must be stringently observed!
!
NOTICE
Safety reference to avoid situations which may
result in damage to a device or its equipment.
CAUTION
Safety reference to avoid a potentially hazardous situation which may result in minor or moderate injury.
WARNING
Safety reference to avoid a potentially hazardous situation which could result in death or serious injury.
DANGER
Safety reference to avoid an imminently hazardous situation which may result in death or serious injury.
2.3.1 General safety references
DANGER
Life-threatening voltages inside the frequency
inverter housing!
Contact can lead to serious injuries or death.
Never open the FI housing in operation! Switch
off the main switch and secure it against being
switched on again.
Wait for at least 5 minutes until all capacitors
have been discharged!
Before switching on again, close the FI housing.
DANGER
Wrong or insufficient earthing may result in lifethreatening electric shocks upon contact with
the VARIPACK frequency inverter!
Earth the complete VARIPACK frequency inverter permanently and check the earth contacts
at regular intervals!
Prior to any intervention in the device, check all
voltage connections for proper insulation.
!
NOTICE
Risk of frequency inverter failure caused by
over-voltage!
Never carry out high-voltage tests or an insulation test on lines in operation, without having
disconnected the frequency inverter beforehand
from the circuit to be tested!
CAUTION
In operation, the heat sink of the VARIPACK frequency inverter will get hot.
Risk of burns upon contact!
Prior to performing work on the VARIPACK frequency inverter, disconnect the power supply
and wait for at least 15 minutes until the heat
sink has cooled down.
3 Technical data
VARIPACK frequency inverter
Operating voltage 380 .. 480 V/3/50 Hz ±10%. , 380 .. 480 V/3/60 Hz ±10%.
Operation on IT networks on request. To obtain compatibility with this network configuration and the network monitoring installed there, the
integrated EMC filters
must be deactivated and special external filters must be used.
Operation on generators, emergency power unit and networks equipped with power
factor correction units only after consultation with BITZER.
Earth fault current > 10 mA
Enclosure class Enclosure class − IP20 or Open Type UL and cUL
Overvoltage category III
Storage -25°C .. +55°C
Transport -25°C .. +70°C
Place of installation • Permitted ambient temperature 0°C .. +50°C. From an ambient temperature of
40°C, a decrease in capacity by 2% per degree Celsius (Derating). The selection
in the BITZER SOFTWARE can take this directly into account.
• Permitted relative humidity: max. 85%, non-condensing (EN60721-3-3 classes
3K3 and 3C3).
• Maximum allowable altitude above sea level: 2000 m. From 1000 m above sea
level, a decrease in capacity by 1% per 100 m (Derating). The selection in the
BITZER SOFTWARE can take this directly into account.
• Environment according to EN60664-4: Pollution degree 1, non-flammable, noncorrosive.
Vibrations Test according to EN 60068-2-6 (Fc), 10 cycles per axis on each of three mutually
perpendicular axes
• 10 Hz < f < 57 Hz sinusoidal 0.075 mm amplitude.
• 57 Hz < f < 150 Hz sinusoidal 1 g.
Safe Torque Off (STO) Safe Torque Off is a safety function for the electrical power drive, see chapter Safe
Torque Off (STO), page 24.
EMC The compressor with frequency inverter (FI) meets the EU EMC directive 2014/30/
EU see chapter Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), page 22.
4 Mounting
Information
Mount the VARIPACK frequency inverter always
vertically.
The fixtures for the power cables and control cables are
delivered as standard in the accessories kit and must
be mounted together with the ferrite core or the ferrite
cores (see figure 11, page 18) up to VARIPACK housing size FJU+145, in order to achieve the EMC
class C2 according to EN61800-3.
4.1 Transport and storage
!
NOTICE
Risk of damage to the VARIPACK frequency inverter!
Do not lift or set down the VARIPACK frequency inverter at the connections.
Place it on clean, flat and dry surfaces only.
Storage in well-ventilated places and protected
from high temperatures, moisture, dust and
metal particles only!
Storage temperature: -25°C .. +55°C.
Transport temperature: -25°C .. +70°C.
4.2 Ventilation
!
NOTICE
The VARIPACK frequency inverters give off
heat in operation.
Insufficient or blocked air circulation and air supply at the ventilation slots and at the heat sink of
the VARIPACK frequency inverter can lead to
failure due to overheating!
Observe the minimum clearances for ventilation
(see figure 2, page 7)!
When two or more VARIPACK frequency inverters are mounted side by side, add up the clearances!
When using filter fans, the required air volume flow
(m3/h) must be carefully determined to ensure sufficient
cooling of all electrical devices in the switch cabinet.
For protection from temperatures below 0°C and for
avoiding condensation, a switch cabinet heater may be
required, depending on the installation site and the climatic conditions.
Rated values of the VARIPACK fans, see table 1, page

Fig. 2: Minimum ventilation clearances at switch cabinet mounting

and through-switch cabinet mounting
Types Minimum ventilation clearances

Tab. 2: Minimum ventilation clearances at switch cabinet mounting

and through-switch cabinet mounting
①: Minimum ventilation clearance without taking into
account free space for cables
4.4.1 Mounting work for through-switch cabinet
mounting
Graphical explanations, see figure 7, page 12 and see
figure 8, page 13.
• Unscrew the fixing plates.
• Dismount the upper (A) and lower (B) housing covers.
Dismounting the upper housing cover:
FDU+6 and FDU+12:
To allow the upper housing cover to be slid forward and
dismounted, with these types the control module must
be dismounted (see figure 7, page 12).
Dismounting the control module (see figure 7, page
12):
1. First pull the control panel forward and take it off.
2. Unscrew the screw in the centre of the control module, slide the control module cover slightly downward and take it off.
3. Unscrew the captive screw and slightly lift the control module at the lower edge.
4. Slide the control module upward as far as it will go
and then take it off the frequency inverter.
• Now compress the plastic clip under the upper housing cover (A). This will open the lock.
• Slide the cover forward and take it off.
FEU+16 .. FKU+260:
With these types, the control module does not need to
be dismounted, in order to take off the housing cover
(see figure 8, page 13).
• Introduce a screwdriver far into the slot of the upper
housing cover (A) and press the clip towards the
right. This will open the lock.
• Next, slide the housing cover downward.
Dismounting the lower housing cover:
To allow the lower housing cover to be slid forward and
dismounted, with some types the control module must
be dismounted first.
Dismounting the control module (see figure 7, page
12):
1. First pull the control panel forward and take it off.
2. Unscrew the screw in the centre of the control module, slide the control module cover slightly downward and take it off.
3. Unscrew the captive screw and slightly lift the control module at the lower edge.
4. Slide the control module upward as far as it will go
and then take it off the frequency inverter.
• Introduce the screwdriver into the slot of the lower
housing cover (B) and press it slightly towards the
left. This will open the lock.
• Next, slide the lower housing cover downward.
• In the accessories kit: Place the delivered gasket (D)
around the frequency inverter in such a way that the
free space between the switch cabinet wall (C) and
the FI is sealed airtight.
• Mount the VARIPACK frequency inverter to the
switch cabinet wall using 4 fixing screws (E) (see figure 8, page 13).
FGU+32 .. FKU+260:
• With these types, the additional lateral fastening
clips must be fixed with screws. They are included in
the through-switch cabinet mounting kit.
Then replace upper and lower housing covers or slide
them on until the plastic clips lock.
Information
If mounting is continued directly with the electrical connection, the lower housing cover can
remain unmounted.
FDU+6 and FDU+12 and all other types in which the
control module was dismounted:
• Replace control module and slide it upwards until the
clip locks.
• Screw in captive screw.
• Place the control module cover until the clip locks
and tighten it.
Before performing any work on the electrical system:
DANGER
Life-threatening voltages inside the frequency
inverter housing!
Contact can lead to serious injuries or death.
Never open the FI housing in operation! Switch
off the main switch and secure it against being
switched on again.
Wait for at least 5 minutes until all capacitors
have been discharged!
Before switching on again, close the FI housing.
DANGER
As soon as the VARIPACK frequency inverter is
energized, the capacitors in the FI DC link are
charged.
From this moment on, all electrical components
in the VARIPACK frequency inverter present
risks!
The operation of the VARIPACK frequency inverter requires the following electrical connections:
• VARIPACK earth connection.
• VARIPACK power connections (power cable and
motor cable).
• VARIPACK control connections.
For the selection of the cable diameters, fuses and
tightening torques of the earth and power connections,
see table 3, page 16. Use fuses of type gL/gG or
mount thermal overload switch of the appropriate characteristic.
5.1 Earth connection
EN 61800-5-1 (product standard for adjustable speed
electrical power drive systems) and
DIN EN 50178 DIN VDE 0160 (Electronic equipment
for use in power installations) have special earth requirements as soon as an earth leakage current of
3.5 mA is exceeded.
• The protective earth conductor cross-section for the
line conductors (L1, L2, L3) < 16mm² must, in single
wire, be 10 mm2
or must have two wires with the respective phase cross-section each.
• For line conductors (L1, L2, L3) ≥ 16 mm² and ≤ 35
mm², the protective earth conductor must have a
cross section of 16 mm².
• For line conductors (L1, L2, L3) > 35 mm², the protective earth conductor cross-section must be at
least 50% of that of the phases used (L1, L2, L3).
All exposed metal parts in the VARIPACK frequency inverter are protected with a basic insulation and connected to the protective earth
conductor.
WARNING
The VARIPACK frequency inverters can generate a direct current in the protective earth conductor.
Risk of electric shock upon contact!
Wherever a residual current device (RCD) or a
residual current monitoring device (RCM) is
used for protection against direct or indirect contact, only a RCD or RCM of type B (according to
IEC/EN 60755) is permitted on the power supply
side!
Residual current circuit breakers (RCD or FI switch)
• Use only FI circuit breakers (RCD) sensitive to all
types of currents of type B that are capable of also
detecting residual direct currents.
• Select the RCD with respect to the system configuration and environmental conditions.
5.2 Power connections (voltage supply cable and
motor cable)
DANGER
Wrong or insufficient earthing may result in lifethreatening electric shocks upon contact with
the VARIPACK frequency inverter!
Earth the complete VARIPACK frequency inverter permanently and check the earth contacts
at regular intervals!
Prior to any intervention in the device, check all
voltage connections for proper insulation.
Graphical explanations, see figure 11, page 18.
• Guide voltage supply cable and motor cable through
the intended cable entries under the cable clips into
the VARIPACK frequency inverter (see figure 11,
page 18) and connect to the power terminals. Observe the tightening torques of the terminals (see
table 3, page 16).
– Connect the voltage supply cable to the terminals
L1, L2, L3 and the protective earth conductor.
– Connect the motor cable to the terminals U(M1),
V(M2), W(M3) and the protective earth conductor.
– Observe the information regarding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) (see chapter Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), page 22)!
• As standard, the VARIPACK frequency inverters are
equipped with a shut-off function, the Safe Torque
Off (STO). Due to the STO function, the main contactor before or after the VARIPACK frequency inverter may be omitted (see chapter Schematic
wiring
diagrams semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors,
page 26). For further information on the STO function, see chapter Safe Torque Off (STO), page 24.
Fig. 11: Power connections (voltage supply cable and motor cable)
with fixture
A Earth connection B voltage supply
cable / terminals for
nominal supply
voltage
C Motor cable / motor
terminals
D Cable clips
E Ferrite core
5.3 Control connections (inputs and outputs)
Information
To meet the EMC and safety requirements, the
control module must be connected to the protective earth conductor outside the device!
Information
The entire external wiring must be approved for
maximum system voltage!
All control and signal terminals guarantee safety
extra low voltages (SELV), i.e., they are protected by double insulation.
Specification of the control connections:
• Cables completely without or with non-insulated wire
end sleeves: 0.25 .. 1.5 mm².
• Cables with insulated wire end sleeves: 0.25 .. 0.75
mm².
Digital inputs
• Function
– X13: 2: DI1 (Start)
Compressor start command.
– X13: 3: DI2 (Force)
Operation of the compressor at a minimum frequency of 50 Hz.
– X13: 4: DI3 (p01 ￫ 2)
External control: without function.
With extension module: Switch over from evaporation temperature setpoint 1 to 2.
– X12: 1: DI4 (pc1 ￫ 2)
External control: without function.
With extension module: Switch over from condensing temperature setpoint 1 to 2.
– X12: 2: DI5 (Reset)
Reset of faults.
– X12: 3: DI6 (Detection)
Automatic detection of the extension module.
• Technical data
– Status:
Off: 0 .. 5 V DC
Undefined: 5 .. 15 V DC
On: 15 .. 24 V DC
– Max. input voltage: ± 30 V DC
– Input impedance: 3,3 kΩ.
– Input current: 7.3 mA ± 10% at 24 V DC
– Common on X10:4
Analogue inputs
• Function
– X11: 1: AI1 (mA / p0)
External control: Setpoint as 4 .. 20 mA signal.
X10: 2: Common
With extension module: Input for low pressure
coming from the extension module (￫X11:1)
– X11: 2: AI2 (V / pc)
External control: Setpoint as 0 .. 10 V signal
X10: 2: Common
With extension module: Input for high pressure
coming from the extension module (￫X11:2)
• Technical data
– Input signal: 0 .. 10 V or 4 .. 20 mA
– Max. input current: < 25 mA (current signal)
– Max. input voltage: ± 24 V DC (voltage signal)
– Input impedance:
Voltage range: 22 kΩ
Current range: 120 Ω
Digital outputs
• Function
– X12: 4: DO3 (Comp. 2)
External control: without function.
With extension module: Start of the 2nd compressor.
• Technical data
– Output signal: 24 V DC (minimum 21 V DC)
– Max. output current: 140 mA.
(The maximum available total current is 140 mA,
either individually or as the sum of digital outputs
and the + 24 V DC power supply on the user
side).
Analogue outputs
• Function
– X11: 3: AO1 (Fan)
External control: without function.
With extension module: control signal for condenser fan 0 .. 10 V.
– X11: 4: AO2
Reserve.
• Technical data
– Output signal: 0 .. 10 V.
– Max. output current: 10 mA, with short-circuit protection.
– Output impedance: Voltage range ≥ 1 kΩ.
Relays
• Function
– X14: 1: Relay 1A ￫ X14: 2: Relay 1B
Compressor is ready to operate.
– X14: 3: Relay 2A ￫ X14: 4: Relay 2B
Compressor is running (factory setting) or no error
can be configured via the parameter logic of output DO1.
• Technical data
– Potential-free relay.
– Switching current range: 1 mA to max. 3 A of resistive load
– Switching voltage range: 5 V AC to max.
250 V AC or 30 V DC
– Protection against inductive or capacitive loads
must be provided by external measures.
Information
The STO inputs must be activated to allow the
compressor to start!
STO (input circuit)
• Function (see chapter Safe Torque Off (STO), page
24)
– X10: 1: Input A and X10: 3: Input B.
STO inputs (Safe Off Torque).
Inputs must be switched simultaneously.
– X10: 2: Common and X10: 4: Common.
Terminals are connected internally. Thus, only
one cable core is required.
• Technical data
Typical input current at 24 V: 9 mA
– Status:
Off (recommended): 0 .. 5 V DC
Undefined: 5 .. 21,6 V DC
On (recommended): 21.6 .. 26.4 V DC
– Max. input voltage: ± 30 V DC
STO status
• Function (see chapter Safe Torque Off (STO), page
24)
– X10: 5 status A ￫ X10: 6: Status B
This output is active (closed), if the STO circuit is
in the safe state, i.e., if the FI does not allow the
motor to produce a torque.
• Technical data
– Potential-free semiconductor relay.
– Max. voltage: ± 30 V.
– Max. output current: 150 mA.
– Thermal overload protection integrated.
– Resistance between the output terminals: < 6 Ω
5.4 Operating modes
The VARIPACK frequency inverter can be operated in
two different operating modes:
• Capacity control of the compressor depending on an
external setpoint signal (see chapter Capacity control of the compressor depending on an external setpoint signal, page 20).
• Capacity control of the compressor depending on the
evaporation pressure, which will require the optional
extension module for pressure control (see chapter
Capacity control of the compressor as a function of
the evaporation pressure, page 21).
In addition to direct evaporation pressure control, the
condenser fan can also be controlled via a 0 .. 10 V
output signal and a second compressor can be connected.
5.4.1 Capacity control of the compressor
depending on an external setpoint signal
"Min .. Max" control characteristic
The VARIPACK frequency inverters can be activated
without change in parameters by a 0 .. 10 V or
4 .. 20 mA signal according to the "Min .. Max" control
characteristic.
• In the "Min .. Max" control characteristic, the compressor will start as soon as the DI1 (X13: 2) start
command is given. The setpoint signal will control
the frequency linearly between the minimum and
maximum frequencies of the compressor.
– If a 0 .. 10 V signal is used, it must be connected
to the input AI2 (X11: 2).
– If a 4 .. 20 mA signal is used, it must be connected to the input AI1 (X11: 1).
Graphical explanation of the "Min .. Max" control characteristic, see figure 12, page 20
"0 .. Max" control characteristic
Alternatively, the "Min .. Max" control characteristic can
be switched to "0 .. Max" by a change in parameter.
• In the "0 .. Max" control characteristic, in addition to
the DI1 (X13: 2) start command, a setpoint signal of
> 1% (0.1 V) is required for starting the compressor.
The setpoint signal presets the frequency to a value
between 0 Hz and the maximum frequency. If the
signal is > 1% but lower than the minimum frequency
of the compressor, the compressor will run at the
minimum frequency.
Graphical explanation of the "0 .. Max" control characteristic, see figure 13, page 21.

5.4.2 Capacity control of the compressor as a

function of the evaporation pressure
To control the capacity of the compressor as a function
of the evaporation pressure will require the optional extension module for pressure control.
Installation of the extension module kit (part number
347 972 01):
• Plug the extension module into the top slot of the FI
control module and tighten the screw.
• Ratiometric pressure transmitter
– Install the pressure transmitter labelled
"2CP5-71-49" on the low pressure side.
– Install the pressure transmitter labelled
"2CP5-71-47" on the high pressure side.
– In the case of Schrader valves, install the pressure transmitters without a copper gasket ring to
ensure safe opening.
For the wiring of the extension module, see chapter
Schematic wiring diagrams semi-hermetic reciprocating
compressors, page 26.
Function and technical data of the extension
module
• X1: 1, 2 and 3
– Input for ratiometric low pressure transmitter.
– Correct function is indicated by blue LED.
• X1: 4, 5 and 6
– Input for ratiometric high-pressure transmitter
– Correct function is indicated by red LED.
• X2: 1
– Analogue output for transmitting the low-pressure
value to the FI (X11: 1: AI1).
• X2: 2
– Analogue output for transmitting the high-pressure
value to the FI (X11:2: AI2).
• X3: 1
– Input for 24 V DC power supply coming from the
FI (X12: 5).
• X3: 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
– 24 V = outputs.
– Allow simple wiring of the digital inputs of the frequency inverter.
• X4: 4
– Digital output for automatic detection of the extension module by the frequency inverter
(X12: 3: DI6).
• X4: 5
– Digital input for receiving the start command for
the 2nd compressor of frequency inverter
(X12: 4: DO3).
– Switches the relay X5.
• X5: 1 and 2
– Potential-free relay for starting the 2nd compressor.
– Max. voltage: 250 V AC.
– Protection from inductive or capacitive loads must
take place by external measures.
– Max. current: 6 A of resistive load.
5.5 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
For an overview, see figure 14, page 23.
The VARIPACK frequency inverters comply with the
EU EMC directives 2014/30/EU and 2004/108/EC.
Interference immunity:
• EN61000-6-1:2007, Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments.
• EN61000-6-2:2005, Immunity for industrial environments.
The emission of the frequency inverters is regulated by
the product standard EN61800-3, which distinguishes
between categories C1 − C4. Compared with the generic standards, according to EN61800-3:2004, the category C2 corresponds to EN61000-6-
4:2007+A1: 2011.
The category C3 is not transferable. The text below
only refers to C categories.
General EMC requirements for meeting category C2:
• Use of a shielded cable between FI and motor (motor cable), see figure 11, page 18.
– Connect shield on both sides.
– Use a compressor terminal box made of metal
and a screwed EMC cable gland.
– Guide the shield in the switch cabinet to the
VARIPACK and connect it to the cable fixture of
the VARIPACK.
• The motor cable
– should not cross other cables. If it does, crossovers must be made at a 90° angle!
– should be installed separately from the supply line
and the control lines, if possible. If a parallel installation is unavoidable, maintain a clearance of
at least 0.25 m.
Detailed information on the harmonics see chapter
Analysis of the harmonics FDU+6 .. FKU+260, page
23.
WARNING
Possible high-frequency EMC interferences of
the voltage supply system!
FDU+6 .. FEU+16 are classified as professionally used device according to
EN61000-3-2:2014.
Before connecting them to the public lowvoltage supply network, approval from the energy supply company must be obtained.
Information
FEU+24 - FKU+260 meet all requirements of
the standard EN61000-3-12:2011 (see figure
14, page 23).
FDU+6 .. FJU+145:
• are equipped as standard with an integrated EMC filter for category C2.
– However, for some types, a metal switch cabinet
with attenuation must be used, to ensure that the
limit values of the radiated interferences are not
exceeded (see figure 14, page 23).
If the EMC requirements of category C3 are sufficient,
the line length between FI and motor may be up to
50 m. In this case, it will not be necessary to use a special switch cabinet either.
WARNING
Radio frequency interferences in the voltage
power network possible!
In a residential environment, this drive constellation may cause radio frequency interferences
which may require mitigation measures.
FKU+180 .. FKU+260:
• are equipped with an integrated EMC filter for category C3. To fulfil category C2, the external EMC filter, part number 347 955 02, designation
3359-250-28, is required at the input of the frequency inverter.
Assumptions: Rsce = 120 at 400 V
FEU+24 - FKU+260 meet all requirements of the standard EN61000-3-12:2011 (see figure 14, page 23).
5.6 Safe Torque Off (STO)
As standard, the VARIPACK frequency inverters are
equipped with a certified and safety-tested shut-off
function, Safe Torque Off (STO).
• This function can be used as cut-out device for prevention of unexpected start-up as described in
EN60204-1, 5.4. This so-called STO function makes
sure that no drive energy is transferred to the motor
as long as the function is active. Thus the compressor motor is safely free of torque but not de-energized. This function was tested at the
factory.
• The STO function is active if the STO circuit is open
or less than 21.6 V are applied. It then cancels each
compressor start command and also start commands that could be triggered internally by a firmware error. The hardware of the STO control
circuit
consists of two redundant channels which are designed in a way that, in case a channel fails internally, the other channel is still able to prevent
any unintentional FI operation. The hardware meets the socalled high requirements regarding functional safety.
Due to the related classification as high demand
mode, their functionality needs to be checked once a
year.
• Due to the STO function, the main contactor before
or after the VARIPACK may be omitted. Instead of
being switched as before via the main contactor, the
STO, switched via the high pressure switch or other
safety-relevant protective functions, can shut off the
compressor directly.
DANGER
Risk of electric shock!
The STO function is not a galvanic isolation of
the voltage supply and may therefore not be
used for maintenance or repair work!
It is only an electronic protective function during
normal operation of the VARIPACK frequency
inverter.
Prior to performing maintenance or repair work,
the VARIPACK frequency inverter must be completely disconnected from the mains supply using a suitable electrical disconnecting device
and proper insulation of all voltage connections
must be checked!
Switch off the main switch and secure it against
being switched on again.
Wait for at least 5 minutes until all capacitors
have been discharged!
Information
The STO function is a factory built-in and tested
function.
Repairs on VARIPACK frequency inverters
equipped with STO function may only be carried
out by authorized staff.
Any unauthorized attempt to repair or dismantle
the VARIPACK will void the guarantee and may
impair the STO function.
As soon as the VARIPACK frequency inverter
will detect an internal STO error, it must be eliminated immediately.
!
NOTICE
Defined switching points are no longer guaranteed if lines are too long or incorrectly installed.
Maximum line length to terminals X10/01,
X10/03, X10/05 and X10/06: 25 m!
• For high safety requirements, two independent STO
control channels have been implemented in the
hardware. The STO circuit is designed such that
upon occurrence of an error in a channel, the second
channel ensures that no inadvertent operation of the
VARIPACK frequency inverter takes place.
• The activated STO function overrides all attempts to
start the compressor. This means that if the STO
function is switched by one or both STO control inputs, the compressor will not start. This is also true
if, for example, an internal software error should result in a start attempt.
Safety specifications:
According to EN ISO13849-1 and EN61800-5-2, the
VARIPACK frequency inverters have the following
safety characteristics:
Safety levels reached by the frequency inverters
①
SIL safety integrity level SIL3
PL performance level PLe
Underlying safety characteristics ②
PFH Average probability of a dangerous failure per hour
2,3 x 10-9
MTTFd
Average time until a dangerous
error is reached
100 years
③
DC diagnostic coverage 98.6% →
high
SFF Overall proportion of safe failures 99% →
average
TM
service life 20 years
Tab. 4: VARIPACK safety characteristics according to EN
ISO12849-1 and EN61800-5-2
①: The indicated safety levels and underlying safety
characteristics are applicable to the VARIPACK frequency inverter if both STO inputs can be activated independently of each other. Depending on
the integration into the system, the safety level of the complete
system can be lower and must be calculated by the
system manufacturer.
②: The safety characteristics used for determining the
safety level are listed in order to allow calculation of the
complete system.
③: The standard EN ISO13849 limits the MTTFd
value
to 100 years.
STO function testing
During the commissioning and during an interval to be
defined by the system manufacturer on the basis of a
risk assessment, all safety devices and the functions of
the entire safety chain must be checked for correct
functioning. Based on the schematic wiring diagrams
(see chapter Operating modes, page 20), the STO
function including the system integration can be
checked using the following procedure:
• Put the compressor into operation.
• Trigger the high-pressure switch (F5).
– The compressor must be switched off immediately
and the frequency inverter must send an STO
fault message.
• Close the high pressure switch and/or the safety
chain.
– The STO fault is reset and the compressor is restarted after a defined time delay
5.7 Schematic wiring diagrams
Connect the VARIPACK frequency inverter in accordance with the schematic wiring diagrams. Mount the
control switches S1 to S3 in the switch cabinet.
Individual connection of the compressor motor according to the selected motor version and design. For details concerning the motor
connection, see inside the
terminal box of the compressor.
The schematic wiring diagrams include optional oil
monitoring. Without such monitoring, the Delta-PII and
OLC-K1, respectively and the components S3 and H2
can be omitted. The auxiliary relay K11 and the pressure switches F5 and F6 should in this case be installed in path 15 at the connection 14 of
the SE-B1.
In contrast to the safety levels obtained by the
VARIPACK frequency inverters (PLe, SIL3), the system
integration shown in the schematic wiring diagrams corresponds to a max. safety level of (PLd, SIL2). The actual safety levels valid for the entire
system can exclusively be calculated by the system manufacturer! The
obtainable safety level shown in the schematic wiring
diagrams is usually satisfactory for refrigeration systems. For comparison: a simple contactor circuit that is
usually used, without using two contactors with mutual
monitoring connected in series, corresponds to a max.
reachable safety level of PLc/SIL2. The required safety
level must be defined by the system manufacturer on
the basis of a risk assessment. For further information,
see chapter Safe Torque Off (STO), page 24.
5.7.1 Schematic wiring diagrams semi-hermetic
reciprocating compressors
Abbr
.
Component
B1 Control unit (cooling demand) or command for
compressor start (release signal from the system controller) or controller On/Off
F1 Main fuse
F2 Compressor fuse
F3 Control circuit fuse
F12 Oil heater fuse
F17 Control transformer fuse
H1 Signal lamp "overtemperature" (motor and
discharge gas)
H2 Signal lamp "Oil supply fault"
H6 Signal lamp "Ready-to-operate"
K10 Auxiliary relay "Compressor is running"
K11 Auxiliary relay "Compressor release"
M1 Compressor
M2 Fan
N1 VARIPACK frequency inverter (FI)
Q1 Main switch
R1..6 PTC sensor in motor winding
R7 Discharge gas temperature sensor (option)
R8 Oil heater (option)
S1 Control switch (on/off)
S2 Reset "overtemperature" (motor and discharge gas)
S3 Reset "Oil supply fault"
T1 Control transformer (example for 230 V)
Y2 Solenoid valve “liquid line”
Tab. 5: Legend schematic wiring diagrams VARIPACK with semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors
SE-B1: Protection device.
Delta PII or OLC-K1: Oil monitoring (option).
Slika šeme
5.7.2 Schematic wiring diagrams semi-hermetic
screw compressors
Abbr
.
Component
B1 Oil thermostat
B2 Superior controller
B6 High-pressure transmitter
B7 Low-pressure transmitter
F1 Main fuse
F2 Compressor fuse
F3 Control circuit fuse
F4 Oil heater fuse
F5 High-pressure switch
F6 Low-pressure cut-out
F7 Oil flow switch
F9 Monitoring of oil stop valve
F10 Oil filter monitoring
F12 ECO control unit; pressure switch (ECO)
(ATEX)
F17 Control transformer fuse
F21 Fuse of the heating element in the terminal
box
H1 Light “motor failure”
H4 Light “oil level fault”
H5 Light "oil stop valve fault”
H11 Light "ready-to-operate”
K4 Auxiliary contactor
K10 Auxiliary relay “Compressor start”
K11 Auxiliary relay “Compressor release”
K4T Time relay “Oil level monitoring 120 s”
M1 Compressor motor
N1 Frequency inverter (FI)
Q1 Main switch
R1 Oil heater
R2 Discharge gas temperature sensor
R9 Heating element for terminal box
R10 Optional temperature sensor
R11 Auxiliary resistor
S1 Control switch (on/off)
S2 Fault reset "motor & discharge gas temp., motor rotating direction, oil flow" with HS.85:
Fault reset "motor & discharge gas temp., motor rotating direction, oil supply"
S4 Reset “oil filter chamber” (HS.85)
Abbr
.
Component
T1 Control transformer (example for 230 V, required according to EN60204-1)
Y1 Solenoid valve “oil injection”
Y2 Solenoid valve “liquid line”
Y3 Solenoid valve “Standstill bypass”
Y4 Solenoid valve "capacity regulator CR1"
Y5 Solenoid valve "capacity regulator CR2"
Y6 Solenoid valve "capacity regulator CR3"
Y7 Solenoid valve "capacity regulator CR4"
Y8 Solenoid valve “ECO” (if required)
Tab. 6: Legend schematic wiring diagrams HS compressors with
VARIPACK
SE-B*: Motor protection device (optional)
OLC-D1: Oil monitoring
SE-i1: Protection and monitoring device
6 Control functions
Graphical explanations of the control functions described in the following sections, see figure 23, page
35.
Compressor start and STO
The compressor can only be started when it is released
(STO input closed), the start command is given (DI1
closed) and the "start to start interval" and the "stop to
start interval" (10 s) of the compressor have elapsed.
When controlled via an external setpoint signal and a
control characteristic ''0 .. Max'', a setpoint > 1% must
additionally be applied.
As soon as the start command is cancelled (DI1), the
compressor is shut down via the ramps.
If the release is cancelled (STO), however, it is directly
switched off.
"Ramps"
To optimize the operating performance, the compressor
ramps can be adjusted. For slow reacting systems such
as water chillers or refrigeration systems with only one
evaporator, we recommend selecting slower ramp
times while compound systems may require faster
ramps. Apart from the limitation of the external setpoint,
these ramps define the frequency change for the
"Force" function.
As standard, the shortest ramps are set for the respective compressors. To start and stop the compressor,
that means below the minimum frequency, the optimum
ramps are fixed in the VARIPACK frequency inverter
and therefore ensure a safe and reliable compressor
start.
"Start to start interval" (time rate between two
compressor starts)
The compressor start activated by a VARIPACK frequency inverter results in a lower mechanical stress on
the compressor drive gear and less heating of the motor compared to a direct start. By this, a higher number
of compressor starts per hour are allowed. An excessive number of compressor starts, however, should be
avoided

The "start to start interval" limits the maximum number

of compressor starts. If the defined time since the last
compressor start has not yet elapsed, the compressor
start is delayed. If the compressor is operated for a
longer period than the "start to start interval", it can be
restarted immediately after the stop. As standard, the
minimum "start to start interval" recommended for the
compressor is set. It can be extended to any desired
period in order to improve the operating performance of
the system and to increase the system efficiency by
avoiding very short cycles. If required, shorter time values than the preset and recommended ones can be
configured.
Relay “Compressor running” (DO2)
The relay "Compressor running” indicates the operating
condition of the compressor. It can be used, for example, for switching off the oil heater or switching on
the additional fan or as a signal for the electronic expansion valve. The relay is switched on after a successful compressor start and after having
reached the
minimum frequency and is switched off as soon as the
frequency falls below the minimum value.
"Hold time after start at minimum frequency"
In temperature-controlled systems with only one compressor, there may be significant pressure drops in the
low-pressure circuit after the compressor start. The
reason for this is that, due to the high setpoint deviation, the compressor is powered up too fast so that the
pressure cannot be regulated quickly enough by the expansion valve. This can be avoided by setting a time interval after the start during which
the minimum frequency of the compressor is maintained before the
compressor switches to normal operation. As standard,
the value of 0 s is set.
Operation at 50 Hz (Force)
In case of long pipelines and rising lines or a not optimally selected suction gas line, there is a risk of oil migration during the long partial load
phases. If the frequency and therefore the mass flow is increased, the
oil can be circulated back and a compressor shut off
can be avoided. This can be realized by the "Force"
function of the VARIPACK frequency inverter. If a lack
of oil in the oil tank or compressor is signaled, the digital input DI2 of the VARIPACK frequency inverter can
be activated to operate the compressor at at least
50 Hz.
"Resonance avoidance"
If vibrations that are not easy to eliminate occur in a
specific range of operating frequencies, these frequencies can be avoided. For this, two frequency ranges
can be defined in which the compressor should not remain during operation. When the setpoint exceeds the
defined initial value, the frequency remains at this value
until the setpoint has exceeded the end value and the
frequency range is skipped. When shutting down, the
frequency is maintained until the setpoint has fallen below the initial value.
Automatic limitation of the maximum frequency
During operation in the field weakening mode, the
VARIPACK frequency inverter limits automatically the
operating frequency as soon as the maximum operating current of the compressor or the VARIPACK frequency inverter is reached. This allows
an economic dimensioning of the combination of compressor and
VARIPACK without running the risk that the VARIPACK
frequency inverter under exceptional operating conditions (high condensing temperature, start-up or start
after a long standstill) switches to fault due to overcurrent.
6.1 Extension module for pressure control
Graphical explanations of the control functions of the
extension module for pressure control described in the
following sections, see figure 24, page 36.
Basic function and minimum settings
If the extension module for pressure control is connected with the VARIPACK frequency inverter, this is immediately detected by the VARIPACK
frequency inverter which then enables the relevant parameters for
the extension module.
Apart from the basic settings, at least the following
parameters must be set for direct control:
• Refrigerant
• Evaporation temperature
• Evaporation temperature limiter (pump down)
• Condensing temperature
The compressor control is based on the so-called pump
down logic. For this, the digital start input (DI1) must be
permanently closed or can be used to release a control
switch. The compressor is switched on as soon as the
evaporation temperature exceeds the setpoint and
stops when the evaporation temperature falls below the
set value of the evaporation temperature limiter (pump
down).
In operation, the VARIPACK frequency inverter controls
the set evaporation temperature by regulating the compressor frequency and by switching on/off the fixed frequency compressor (relay FsC2,
X5: 1 and 2). The regulation speed can be adjusted to the requirements by
setting the P band.
The set condensing temperature can be regulated via
the analogue output by means of the 0 .. 10 V signal. In
order to guarantee the most efficient level of operation,
it is recommended to set the minimum allowable condensing temperature of the compressors if the system
allows doing so. If the condensing temperature exceeds the setpoint, the rotation speed of the fans is increased accordingly. By adjusting the P
band to the
system inertia, the quality of the control can be optimized. In addition, a minimum fan speed can be set, if
necessary.
"Evaporation temperature setpoint 2"
By a signal to the input DI3, the evaporation temperature setpoint 2 is activated.
"Condensing temperature setpoint 2"
By a signal to the input DI4, the condensing temperature setpoint 2 is activated. This value can be used, for
example, as setpoint for heat recovery.
"Condensing temperature limiter"
The condensing temperature limiter reduces the compressor frequency as soon as the set condensing temperature is exceeded. Thus a cut out
on high-pressure
can be avoided in many cases since the load on the
condenser is reduced by lowering the frequency

"Electronic low-pressure switch"

The low-pressure switch function switches the compressor off as soon as the pressure falls below the set
pressure value. In contrast to the evaporation temperature limiter (pump down), the compressor is immediately
switched off as soon as this limit value is reached and
is not shut down via the ramp. Moreover, a fault is
stored in the fault memory of the VARIPACK frequency
inverter. As soon as the evaporation temperature setpoint is exceeded, the compressor is restarted.
"Electronic high-pressure switch"
The high-pressure switch function switches the compressor off as soon as the set pressure value is exceeded. The standard setting and the
maximum adjustable value corresponds to the maximum operating
pressure of the compressor. The high-pressure switch
is reset as soon as the temperature falls below the set
value of the condensing temperature limiter.
Information
The electronic high-pressure switch function
does not replace the type-examinated tested
high-pressure switch according to EN378!
7 Data communication with the VARIPACK
frequency inverter
7.1 Communication via the BEST SOFTWARE
Information
The requirement for installing and using the
BEST SOFTWARE is a PC or a mobile device
equipped with Windows XP or a later version.
Without a device with Windows operating system, communication with the VARIPACK frequency inverter is only possible via the optional
control panel (see chapter Removable control
panel (with display and keypad), page 38).
The BEST SOFTWARE offers comprehensive access
to all operating data and control parameters and can be
downloaded for free from the BITZER website
(www.bitzer.de).
The data link and communication with the BEST SOFTWARE can take place via:
• BEST interface converter.
• Direct Ethernet connection.
• Ethernet connection through router/GSM.
BEST interface converter (using RJ12 cable)
• Part number 344 314 01.
• Requirements: PC/mobile device equipped with USB
interface.
• Restrictions: no firmware update possible.
Connecting the BEST interface converter:
• Plug the BEST interface converter into the right
socket (XC3) on the underside of the interface extension of the VARIPACK FI (see figure 25, page 37).

Direct Ethernet connection (using RJ45 network

cable)
• Requirements: PC/mobile device equipped with Ethernet socket (RJ45).
• A standard network cable is sufficient, no crossover
cable being necessary.
Ethernet connection through router/GSM
• Requirements: PC or mobile device with network access.
• Local or worldwide access when connected to the Internet via a router/GSM.
Connecting the Ethernet network cable (see figure 26,
page 38):
• Plug the network cable into the VARIPACK control
module at the top.
• To disconnect the cable, the control panel must be
dismounted (see figure 7, page 12, position 1).
• Next, introduce a screwdriver from the front and
press it slightly downwards, in order to unlock the
clip of the network cable.

Establish communication with the BEST

SOFTWARE.
see chapter Commissioning of the VARIPACK frequency inverter, page 39.
7.2 Removable control panel (with display and
keypad)
The VARIPACK frequency inverter can be configured
and monitored completely via the optional removable
control panel (with display and keypad). To do so, insert the SD card delivered with the control panel into
the SD card slot. Afterwards, plug the control panel
either directly in the front panel (instead of the cover)
(see figure 7, page 12) or mount it on the outside of the
switch cabinet or on the switch cabinet door using the
kit for external mounting.
Information
The initial configuration of the VARIPACK frequency inverter for screw compressors and
scroll compressors via the control panel will be
available shortly!
7.2.1 Kit for external mounting of the control
panel
The kit for external mounting of the optional control
panel (part number 347 971 01) consists of:
• Connecting cable (3 m long)
• 4 mounting screws.
Mounting (see figure 27, page 38):
• Mount the control panel on a flat surface, for example on the outside of the switch cabinet door.
• Take the openings in the switch cabinet door for the
connections on the back of the control panel into account (see figure 27, page 38)!

7.2.2 Control panel setup and operation

For this, please refer to the BITZER leaflet 378 204 05
delivered with the control panel.
7.3 Interfaces for communication via Modbus RTU
and Modbus TCP/IP
For communication with superior system controllers or
the building control system, the following interfaces are
additionally available:
• Modbus RTU via RS485.
• Modbus TCP/IP via network cable on RJ45.
For the explanation and set-up of these interfaces, including the register or address definition, see
BEST SOFTWARE 2.9 or newer.
8 Commissioning of the VARIPACK frequency
inverter
First:
Establish communication with the
BEST SOFTWARE , see figure 28, page 39:
• Start the BEST SOFTWARE (1).
• Click the NEW button (2).
• Select the VARIPACK frequency inverter (3).
• Click the CONNECT button (4).
• The following selection appears: BEST CONVERTER or
ETHERNET.
– Selection BEST CONVERTER:
Click the CONNECT button. This concludes the connection of the VARIPACK frequency inverter to
the mobile terminal device.
– Selection ETHERNET:
A list of all available devices appears.
Select a device.
Click the CONNECT button.
Enter Ethernet password (default "8670")
This concludes the connection of the VARIPACK
frequency inverter to the PC / mobile device.
• Capacity control of the compressor depending on an
external setpoint signal:
– Click the CONFIGURATION button.
– Click the COMPRESSOR button and select the compressor, including the motor code and motor wiring.
– Click the TRANSMIT button and select and click
TRANSMIT USER SETTINGS TO THE DEVICE.
This completes the basic configuration.
• Capacity control of the compressor as a function of
the evaporation pressure using the extension module for pressure control (option), see figure 29, page
40.
– Click the CONFIGURATION button.
– Click the COMPRESSOR button and select the compressor, including the motor code and motor wiring.
– Select the corresponding refrigerant.
– If necessary, adapt the temperature and pressure
settings.
– Click the TRANSMIT button and select and click
TRANSMIT USER SETTINGS TO THE DEVICE.
This completes the configuration.
9 Fault messages and monitoring functions
Description of the fault types:
"Timed resets":
• "Timed reset" faults are reset automatically up to 5
times. If the fault is no longer active and the following
parametrised time delay has elapsed, the compressor can restart. The "Timed Reset" interval can
be configured from VARIPACK firmware V1.14. The
factory setting is – like in the previous version –
300 s. Shorter intervals should only be set in systems equipped with a system controller with alarm
management function. After 5 errors within 5 configured and successively elapsed intervals or after
5 errors within 5 minutes, an "External resets" error
is triggered.
• After an error-free operation of at least 5 minutes or
after 5 configured intervals performed successively
without any faults, the number of possible "Timed resets" is reset to 5. This is also done if a fault is reset
actively, for example via the DI5 digital input (Reset).
"External resets":
• Faults of the "External reset" type are reset if the
fault is no longer active and a reset command is received. The reset command can be sent by pressing
the red key on the control panel or via the digital input (DI5) or via Modbus
For a list of the possible causes of a fault as well as for
the instructions regarding troubleshooting, see
BEST SOFTWARE.
10 Maintenance
DANGER
Life-threatening voltages inside the frequency
inverter housing!
Contact can lead to serious injuries or death.
Never open the FI housing in operation! Switch
off the main switch and secure it against being
switched on again.
Wait for at least 5 minutes until all capacitors
have been discharged!
Before switching on again, close the FI housing.
Authorized staff
Maintenance work may only be carried out by qualified
electricians. Current guidelines apply with respect to
the qualification and expertise of the specialists.
Information
For reasons of guarantee, reliability and quality,
only qualified staff may carry out repairs on this
device. Unless stated otherwise, VARIPACK
frequency inverters must not be dismantled. In
case of an operating fault, the VARIPACK frequency inverter must be returned.
Regular and preventive maintenance work
As part of regular service work on the system:
• Check the switch cabinet filter mats and clean or replace them, if necessary.
Every 5 years as part of preventive maintenance:
• Replace the cooling fans of the power stack.
Replacing fans in the heat sink
Prior to performing maintenance work on
the VARIPACK frequency inverter:
CAUTION
In operation, the heat sink of the VARIPACK frequency inverter will get hot.
Risk of burns upon contact!
Prior to performing work on the VARIPACK frequency inverter, disconnect the power supply
and wait for at least 15 minutes until the heat
sink has cooled down.
Dismounting the fan or fans:
• Remove the two screws at the top of the heat sink
and take off the fan protective grating.
• Take out the fan or fans, pull the plugs of the wiring
and insert the new fan or fans. Make sure that the
correct fan side points to the top. (see figure 30,
page 41).
• Then screw on the fan protective grating again (tightening torque 1.3 Nm).