Abubaker Sasi, Ph.D.

E-mail/ [email protected]

Network Operating system / ‫كلية تقنيات الحاسوب بالزاوية‬ 1

IMPLEMENTING DHCP
 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that allows
clients on a network to request network configuration settings from a
server running the DHCP server.

 allows the clients to self-configure network configuration

settings without the intervention of an administrator.

 DHCP server provide to clients IP addresses for the DNS

servers, the IP addresses for the WINS servers, the IP address
for the default gateway (usually a router) and, IP address for the
client itself.
Why Use DHCP?

DHCP reduces the complexity and amount of administrative

work by using automatic TCP/IP configuration

Manual TCP/IP Automatic TCP/IP

Configuration Configuration
IP addresses are entered IP addresses are supplied
manually automatically
IP address could be entered Correct configuration
incorrectly information is ensured
Communication and network Client configuration is
issues can result updated automatically
Frequent computer moves A common source of network
increase administrative effort problems is eliminated
What Is Automatic Private IP Addressing?
APIPA automatically self-configures addresses when there is
no DHCP server available

Advantages Disadvantages
Forces assignment of
Serves as a DHCP server addresses typically not used
failover mechanism for small
networks hide possible connectivity
problems
Automatically assigns an IP
address in a specific range Does not work outside
169.254.x.x subnet
Is not routable
How DHCP Allocates IP Addresses

DHCP Client2:
Non-DHCP Client: IP configuration
Static IP from DHCP server
configuration

Lease Renewal

Lease Generation

DHCP Server

DHCP Client1: DHCP

IP configuration Database
from DHCP server
IP Address1: Leased to DHCP Client1
IP Address2: Leased to DHCP Client2
IP Address3: Available to be leased
How the DHCP Lease Generation Process Works

DHCP
Server2

DHCP DHCP
Server1 Client

1 DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER packet

2 DHCP servers broadcast a DHCPOFFER packet

3 DHCP client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST packet

4 DHCP Server1 broadcasts a DHCPACK packet

How the DHCP Lease Renewal Process Works

DHCP
Server2

DHCP Client
DHCP
Server1

50%
50% of
100%
87.5%ofoflease
of lease
lease
lease
duration
duration has
has
expired
expired

If 1 DHCPfails
the client Client
client sends
renewaait’s
tosends DHCPREQUEST
itsDHCPREQUEST
lease,
lease, after
after 50%packet
packet
87.5%
of of
thethe
lease
lease has
duration then
expired, has expired,
the DHCP then
lease
thegeneration
DHCP leaseprocess
renewalstarts
process
overwill
2 DHCP
begin
again with Server1
againa after
DHCP87.5% sends
client a DHCPACK
ofbroadcasting
the apacket
lease duration
DHCPDISCOVER
has expired
 How a DHCP Server Service Is Authorized

If DHCP
DHCP Server1
Server1 findswith
checks its IP
the
addresscontroller
domain on the list,
to the service
obtain a list
starts and supports
of authorized DHCP DHCP clients
servers
Domain DHCP Server1
Controller
Authorized
Active Services DHCP
Directory
requests

DHCP Server2
DHCP Client Unauthorized
Does not service
DHCPServer2
If DHCP Server2 does
checks notwith
findthe
its IP DHCP requests
DHCP
address client receives
domain controller
on the list,tothe IP address
obtain a list
service of
does
from authorized
authorized
not start DHCP
DHCPDHCP
and support Server1
serversclients
DHCP authorization is the process of registering the DHCP Server service in the
Active Directory domain to support DHCP clients
What Are DHCP Scopes?

A scope is a range of IP addresses that are available to be leased

DHCP Server

LAN A LAN B
Scope A Scope B

Scope Properties
Network ID Lease duration Scope name
Subnet mask Network IP Exclusion range
address range
Configuring a DHCP Scope
Practice: Configuring a DHCP Scope

In this practice, you will:

Configure two DHCP scopes
Configure a DHCP superscope
Verify IP address allocation by using
Network Monitor
Lesson: Configuring DHCP Reservations and Options

What Is a DHCP Reservation?

What Are DHCP Options?
Demonstration: Configuring DHCP Reservations and
Options
How DHCP-Server, Scope, and Reserved-Client Options
Are Applied
How DHCP Class-Level Options Are Applied
Practice: Configuring DHCP Reservations Options
 What Is a DHCP Reservation?

A reservation is a specific IP address, within a scope, that is

permanently reserved for lease to a specific DHCP client

Workstation 1 File and

Print Server

Subnet A Subnet B

DHCP Server
Workstation 2

IP Address1: Leased to Workstation 1

IP Address2: Leased to Workstation 2
IP Address3: Reserved for File and Print Server
What Is a DHCP Reservation?
What Are DHCP Options?

DHCP options are configuration parameters that a DHCP

server assigns to clients

DHCP Client
DHCP Client IP Configuration Data
Client’s IP address
Client’s subnet mask
DHCP options

DHCP Server
What Are DHCP Options?