RoadMap Of Data Science

Lesson Plan

Author: Hayder Zaeem

Date: 2020

GitHub: hayderzaeim

Twitter: hayderzaeem

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 © 2020 Hayder Zaeem. All rights reserved. 1

1. Mathematics and Statistics

Definition: Mathematics and statistics form the foundational pillars of data

science, providing the theoretical framework for analyzing and interpreting
data.

● Linear Algebra: Essential for operations on vectors and matrices,

crucial in machine learning algorithms like PCA and SVD.
● Calculus: Provides tools for optimization and understanding rate of
change, applied in gradient descent for model training.
● Probability: Fundamental for modeling uncertainty and making
predictions, foundational to Bayesian inference and probabilistic
models.
● Statistics: Techniques for summarizing data, making inferences, and
testing hypotheses, pivotal in experimental design and model
evaluation.

2. Programming and Software Engineering

Definition: Proficiency in programming languages and software

engineering practices enables effective implementation and deployment of
data science solutions.

● Programming Languages: Python and R are widely used for data

manipulation, analysis, and modeling. SQL for querying databases.
● Software Development: Includes version control (Git), testing, and
debugging for maintaining code quality and collaboration.
● Data Structures and Algorithms: Knowledge of efficient data storage
and retrieval methods, crucial for optimizing data processing
pipelines.
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3. Data Management and Data Wrangling

Definition: Involves acquiring, cleaning, and organizing data to prepare it for

analysis and modeling.

● Data Collection: Methods such as web scraping and APIs to gather

data from various sources.
● Data Cleaning: Handling missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies
to ensure data quality.
● Database Management: Using relational (SQL) and NoSQL databases
for storing and retrieving structured and unstructured data.

4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Definition: EDA involves visualizing and summarizing data to uncover

patterns, anomalies, and relationships that guide further analysis.

● Data Visualization: Tools like Matplotlib and ggplot2 for creating

charts, graphs, and plots to explore data distributions and trends.
● Summary Statistics: Calculation of mean, median, standard
deviation, etc., to summarize data characteristics.
● Pattern Recognition: Identification of recurring structures or features
in data using statistical methods and visualization techniques.

5. Machine Learning

Definition: Machine learning focuses on developing algorithms that learn

patterns and make predictions from data.

● Supervised Learning: Training models using labeled data for tasks

like regression and classification.
● Unsupervised Learning: Discovering patterns and structures in
unlabeled data through clustering and dimensionality reduction.
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● Reinforcement Learning: Training models to make sequences of

decisions through interaction with an environment.
● Model Evaluation and Optimization: Techniques such as
cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning to improve model
performance.

6. Deep Learning

Definition: Subset of machine learning focusing on neural networks with

multiple layers, capable of learning complex representations from large
datasets.

● Neural Networks: Mimic the human brain's structure, used in

applications like image and speech recognition.
● CNNs and RNNs: Specialized architectures for tasks involving spatial
and sequential data, respectively.
● GANs: Frameworks for generating new data instances that resemble
the training data distribution.
● Deep Reinforcement Learning: Integrating deep learning with
reinforcement learning for complex decision-making tasks.

7. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Definition: NLP involves processing and analyzing human language data to

extract meaning and insights.

● Text Preprocessing: Tokenization, stemming, and lemmatization to

prepare text data for analysis.
● Sentiment Analysis: Determining the sentiment or opinion expressed
in text data.
● Named Entity Recognition (NER): Identifying and categorizing named
entities such as names, dates, and locations in text.
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● Language Models: Advanced models like BERT and GPT for tasks
such as text generation and language understanding.

8. Big Data Technologies

Definition: Encompasses tools and frameworks for processing and

analyzing large volumes of data efficiently.

● Distributed Computing: Platforms like Hadoop and Spark for

processing massive datasets across clusters of computers.
● Big Data Storage: Techniques like HDFS for distributed storage of
data across multiple nodes.
● NoSQL Databases: Scalable databases like Cassandra and HBase for
handling unstructured and semi-structured data.

9. Cloud Computing

Definition: Utilizing cloud platforms and services to store, manage, and

analyze data over the internet.

● Cloud Platforms: AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure provide

infrastructure and services for deploying and scaling data science
applications.
● Cloud Services: Offerings include data storage, compute resources,
and machine learning services for scalable and cost-effective data
processing.

10. Data Engineering

Definition: Focuses on designing and building pipelines to extract,

transform, and load data for analysis and modeling.
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● ETL Processes: Extracting data from various sources, transforming it

to fit operational needs, and loading it into data warehouses or
databases.
● Data Pipeline Design: Architecting workflows to automate data
processing tasks and ensure data integrity and reliability.
● Real-Time Data Processing: Tools like Kafka and Flink for handling
continuous streams of data and processing them in real-time.

11. Domain Knowledge and Ethics

Definition: Understanding specific industries or domains where data

science solutions are applied, along with ethical considerations in data use.

● Domain-Specific Applications: Applying data science techniques to

fields such as finance, healthcare, marketing, etc., to solve
domain-specific challenges.
● Data Ethics: Addressing issues of privacy, bias, and fairness in data
collection, analysis, and decision-making algorithms.

12. Advanced Topics and Research

Definition: Involves cutting-edge research and advanced techniques

pushing the boundaries of data science.

● Advanced Machine Learning: Meta-learning, few-shot learning, and

advanced optimization techniques.
● Advanced Deep Learning: Transformer architectures, attention
mechanisms, and generative models.
● Interdisciplinary Applications: Applying data science to emerging
fields like bioinformatics and computational social science.
● Cutting-Edge Research: Exploring areas such as AI safety, quantum
computing applications in data science, and beyond.
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13. Capstone Projects and Practical Experience

Definition: Hands-on projects and real-world applications to solidify skills

and demonstrate proficiency in data science.

● Industry Projects: Collaborating with organizations to solve

real-world problems using data science techniques.
● Academic Research Projects: Contributing to academic knowledge
through research in data science methodologies and applications.
● Competitions: Platforms like Kaggle for participating in data science
competitions to showcase skills and learn from peers.

14. Professional Development

Definition: Continuous learning, networking, and career advancement in the

field of data science.

● Networking and Community Involvement: Attending conferences,

meetups, and online forums to connect with professionals and stay
updated on industry trends.
● Publishing Research: Contributing findings to journals and
conferences to advance knowledge and establish expertise in
specific areas of data science.
● Certifications and Continuous Learning: Pursuing certifications,
online courses, and workshops to stay current with evolving tools,
techniques, and best practices in data science.
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1. Mathematics and Statistics

● Tools:
○ R: Widely used for statistical analysis and visualization.
○ Python Libraries:
■ NumPy: For numerical computations and linear algebra
operations.
■ SciPy: For advanced mathematical functions and
statistics.
■ StatsModels: For statistical modeling and hypothesis
testing.
○ Mathematica: For symbolic mathematics and numerical
computation.
○ MATLAB: For numerical computing and algorithm development.

2. Programming and Software Engineering

● Tools:
○ Python: General-purpose programming language with extensive
data science libraries.
○ R: Statistical programming language.
○ SQL: For managing and querying relational databases.
○ Git: Version control system for tracking changes in code.
○ Jupyter Notebook: Interactive coding environment for Python.
○ PyCharm: Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for
Python.
○ RStudio: IDE for R.
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○ VS Code: Versatile code editor with extensions for various

languages.

3. Data Management and Data Wrangling

● Tools:
○ Pandas (Python): For data manipulation and analysis.
○ Dplyr (R): For data manipulation.
○ SQL: For querying relational databases.
○ Apache Hadoop: Framework for distributed storage and
processing of large data sets.
○ Apache Spark: Unified analytics engine for big data processing.
○ Talend: Data integration tool.
○ Alteryx: Data preparation and blending tool.
○ Excel: For simple data manipulation and analysis.

4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

● Tools:
○ Matplotlib (Python): For plotting and visualization.
○ Seaborn (Python): For statistical data visualization.
○ Plotly (Python/R): For interactive plots.
○ ggplot2 (R): For creating complex plots from data in a data
frame.
○ Tableau: For creating interactive visualizations.
○ Power BI: Business analytics service with visualization tools.

5. Machine Learning

● Tools:
○ Scikit-learn (Python): For machine learning algorithms and
data mining.
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○ TensorFlow (Python): Open-source library for machine learning

and deep learning.
○ Keras (Python): High-level neural networks API.
○ XGBoost (Python/R): For gradient boosting.
○ LightGBM (Python/R): Gradient boosting framework.
○ Caret (R): For machine learning.
○ H2O.ai: Open-source platform for AI and machine learning.

6. Deep Learning

● Tools:
○ TensorFlow (Python): Open-source platform for machine
learning.
○ Keras (Python): API for building and training deep learning
models.
○ PyTorch (Python): Deep learning framework.
○ Caffe: Deep learning framework made with expression, speed,
and modularity in mind.
○ MXNet: Deep learning framework designed for efficiency and
flexibility.
○ Theano: Library for defining, optimizing, and evaluating
mathematical expressions.

7. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

● Tools:
○ NLTK (Python): Toolkit for working with human language data.
○ SpaCy (Python): Industrial-strength NLP library.
○ Gensim (Python): For topic modeling and document similarity.
○ BERT (Python): Pre-trained NLP model.
○ GPT (Python): Generative Pre-trained Transformer model.
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○ Stanford NLP: Suite of NLP tools provided by Stanford

University.

8. Big Data Technologies

● Tools:
○ Apache Hadoop: Framework for distributed storage and
processing.
○ Apache Spark: Unified analytics engine for big data processing.
○ Kafka: Distributed streaming platform.
○ Flink: Stream processing framework.
○ HDFS: Hadoop Distributed File System for storage.
○ Hive: Data warehouse software for reading, writing, and
managing large datasets.
○ Cassandra: NoSQL database.
○ HBase: Non-relational distributed database modeled after
Google's Bigtable.

9. Cloud Computing

● Tools:
○ AWS (Amazon Web Services): Comprehensive cloud computing
platform.
○ Google Cloud Platform: Suite of cloud computing services.
○ Microsoft Azure: Cloud computing service.
○ Databricks: Unified data analytics platform.
○ Snowflake: Cloud data platform.
○ Kubernetes: For container orchestration.
○ Docker: For containerization.
○ Terraform: For infrastructure as code.
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10. Data Engineering

● Tools:
○ Apache Airflow: Platform for programmatically authoring,
scheduling, and monitoring workflows.
○ Kafka: Distributed streaming platform.
○ NiFi: Data integration tool.
○ Apache Beam: Unified programming model for batch and
streaming data processing.
○ AWS Glue: Fully managed ETL service.
○ dbt (Data Build Tool): For data transformation.
○ Snowflake: Data warehousing solution.

11. Domain Knowledge and Ethics

● Tools:
○ Industry-specific software: Depending on the domain (e.g., SAS
for healthcare, Bloomberg Terminal for finance).
○ Ethics training platforms: Various online ethics training
courses.

12. Advanced Topics and Research

● Tools:
○ Papers with Code: Repository of research papers and their
implementations.
○ ArXiv: Repository of research papers.
○ TensorFlow Research Cloud: Program providing access to
cloud TPUs for research.
○ Google Colab: For executing Python in the cloud, ideal for
research prototypes.
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13. Capstone Projects and Practical Experience

● Tools:
○ Kaggle: Platform for data science competitions.
○ GitHub: For managing and sharing code.
○ Google Colab: For executing Python in the cloud, sharing
notebooks.
○ Jupyter Notebook: For creating and sharing documents that
contain live code, equations, visualizations.

14. Professional Development

● Tools:
○ LinkedIn Learning: Online learning platform with courses.
○ Coursera: Online courses, certifications.
○ edX: Online courses, certifications.
○ Udacity: Nanodegrees and career services.
○ Meetup: Platform for finding and building local communities.
○ Kaggle: For competitions and community involvement.
○ Professional societies: Such as IEEE, ACM, and other
industry-specific organizations.

1. Mathematics and Statistics

Learning Resources:

● Khan Academy - Linear Algebra, Calculus, Statistics

● MIT OpenCourseWare - Mathematics for Computer Science
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● Coursera - Mathematics for Machine Learning Specialization

Certificate Courses:

● edX - Mathematics for Data Science Professional Certificate

● Coursera - Statistics with R Specialization

University Programs:

● Stanford University - MS in Statistics

● University of California, Berkeley - Master of Information and Data
Science (MIDS)

2. Programming and Software Engineering

Learning Resources:

● Codecademy - Python, SQL, R Programming

● Udacity - Programming for Data Science Nanodegree
● GitHub Learning Lab - Git and GitHub Basics

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Python for Everybody Specialization

● edX - Software Development for Data Scientists

University Programs:

● Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Master of Business

Analytics
● University of Washington - Master of Science in Data Science

3. Data Management and Data Wrangling

Learning Resources:
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● DataCamp - Data Manipulation with Python and R

● Udemy - SQL for Data Science
● LinkedIn Learning - Data Cleaning and Preprocessing Techniques

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Data Engineering with Google Cloud Professional

Certificate
● edX - MongoDB for Developers

University Programs:

● Carnegie Mellon University - Master of Science in Information

Technology - Business Intelligence and Data Analytics
● University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Master of Computer
Science in Data Science

4. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

Learning Resources:

● Data Visualization with Python and Matplotlib - Book by Jake

VanderPlas
● Udacity - Data Visualization Nanodegree
● Tableau - Online Training and Tutorials

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Data Visualization with Tableau Specialization

● edX - Data Science: Visualization

University Programs:

● University of Michigan - Master of Applied Data Science

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● Columbia University - Master of Science in Data Science

5. Machine Learning

Learning Resources:

● Andrew Ng's Machine Learning Course on Coursera

● Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow
- Book by Aurélien Géron
● Kaggle - Machine Learning and Data Science Competitions

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Machine Learning by Stanford University

● edX - Applied Machine Learning

University Programs:

● University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) - Master of Science in

Data Science
● University of Texas at Austin - Master of Science in Data Science and
Analytics

6. Deep Learning

Learning Resources:

● Deep Learning Specialization by Andrew Ng on Coursera

● Dive into Deep Learning - Online Book by Aston Zhang et al.
● TensorFlow and PyTorch Documentation and Tutorials

Certificate Courses:

● Udacity - Deep Learning Nanodegree

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● Coursera - Deep Learning Specialization by deeplearning.ai

University Programs:

● New York University (NYU) - Master of Science in Data Science - Deep

Learning Specialization
● University of Toronto - Master of Science in Applied Computing -
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Track

7. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Learning Resources:

● Natural Language Processing with Python - Book by Steven Bird,

Ewan Klein, and Edward Loper
● Stanford NLP Group - Online Resources and Tutorials
● SpaCy - Documentation and Tutorials

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Natural Language Processing Specialization

● edX - Natural Language Processing with Python

University Programs:

● Johns Hopkins University - Master of Science in Data Science and

NLP
● University of Washington - Master of Science in Computational
Linguistics

8. Big Data Technologies

Learning Resources:

● Hadoop: The Definitive Guide - Book by Tom White

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● Spark Documentation and Tutorials

● DataBricks Academy - Online Training for Apache Spark

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Big Data Specialization

● edX - Apache Kafka Series

University Programs:

● Georgia Institute of Technology - Master of Science in Analytics - Big

Data Track
● University of California, San Diego - Master of Data Science with a
Specialization in Big Data

9. Cloud Computing

Learning Resources:

● AWS Training and Certification

● Google Cloud Training
● Microsoft Learn - Azure

Certificate Courses:

● AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate

● Google Cloud Professional Cloud Architect Certification
● Microsoft Certified: Azure Solutions Architect Expert

University Programs:

● University of Maryland Global Campus - Master's in Cloud Computing

Architecture
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● Northwestern University - Master of Science in Information

Technology with Cloud Computing Specialization

10. Data Engineering

Learning Resources:

● Data Engineering Cookbook - Online Book by Andreas Kretz

● Apache Airflow Documentation
● Kafka Tutorials and Documentation

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Data Engineering on Google Cloud Professional Certificate

● edX - Data Engineering with Python

University Programs:

● University of Southern California - Master of Science in Computer

Science (Data Engineering Track)
● University of Chicago - Master of Science in Analytics - Data
Engineering Track

11. Domain Knowledge and Ethics

Learning Resources:

● Data Science for Business - Book by Foster Provost and Tom Fawcett
● Online Ethics Courses - Coursera, edX
● Industry-specific webinars and seminars

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Business Analytics Specialization

 © 2020 Hayder Zaeem. All rights reserved. 19

● edX - Data Science and Ethics

University Programs:

● Harvard University - Master of Science in Data Science - Business

Analytics Track
● University of Pennsylvania - Master of Science in Data Science -
Social Science Analytics Track

12. Advanced Topics and Research

Learning Resources:

● Papers with Code - Platform for AI research papers and

implementations
● ArXiv - Repository of research papers in various fields including AI
and data science
● Online conferences and webinars by AI research organizations

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Advanced Machine Learning Specialization

● edX - Quantum Machine Learning

University Programs:

● Stanford University - PhD in Computer Science with a focus on AI and

Machine Learning
● Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - PhD in Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science - AI and Machine Learning

13. Capstone Projects and Practical Experience

Learning Resources:
 © 2020 Hayder Zaeem. All rights reserved. 20

● Kaggle - Data Science Competitions and Datasets

● Open Source Projects on GitHub
● Internships and Industry Projects

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Applied Data Science Capstone Project

● edX - Data Science Capstone Project

University Programs:

● Carnegie Mellon University - Master of Computational Data Science -

Practicum in Data Science
● University of California, Irvine - Master of Science in Data Science -
Practicum and Projects

14. Professional Development

Learning Resources:

● LinkedIn Learning - Career Development Courses

● Udacity - Career Services and Job Placement Support
● Data Science Conferences and Meetups

Certificate Courses:

● Coursera - Professional Certificate in Data Science

● edX - MicroMasters Program in Data Science

University Programs:

● Northwestern University - Master of Science in Analytics - Career

Development Services
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● Duke University - Master of Interdisciplinary Data Science -

Professional Development Workshops