POWERTRONICS

INSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

MANUAL

FOR

SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR

USING SINGLE PHASE FULLY
CONTROLLED CONVERTER

Designed and Manufactured by:

POWERTRONICS
# 113,2nd Floor,1st Main
Petechennappa Industrial Area,
Kamakshipalya,
Bangalore – 560 079.
Tele Fax : 080-23581686,
E-mail: [email protected]
Mobile: 9448204131
 SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING SINGLE PHASE FULLY
CONTROLLED CONVERTER
This setup consists of single fully controlled rectifier and PMDC motor-24V to study the
speed control of DC motor using single phase fully controlled bridge converter

This unit consists of firing circuit and power circuit with 12V-0-12V/1A step down
transformer to study (a) Single phase Half controlled bridge converter and (b) Single phase
fully controlled bridge converter.

FIRING CIRCUIT.

This unit generates 4 line synchronized isolated triggering pulse to fire thyristors connected
in single phase (1) Half wave (2) Full wave (3) Half controlled Bridge (4) Fully controlled
Bridge rectifier and (5) AC Phase control power circuit.

The firing circuit is based on Ramp-comparator scheme. Isolation is provided by pulse

Transformer.

FEATURES: -

1. Works directly on 230V AC mains.

2. Gate drive current of 200mA to trigger wide range of devices.
3. Firing angle variation from 1800 to 00 on a graduated scale.
4. Soft start and soft stop feature.
5. Neatly designed front panel.

Front panel details: -

A. FIRING CIRCUIT: -
1. Mains : - Mains ON/OFF switch with built in indicator.
2. Firing Angle : - Potentiometer to vary the firing angle from
180˚ to 0˚ on a graduated scale.
3. S1-ON/OFF : - ON/OFF switch for trigger outputs with soft
start feature.
4. GATE/CAT : - Trigger outputs to be connected to corresponding
T1,T1’,T2,T2’ SCR s Gate and Cathode terminals.

INPUT POWER SPECIFICATION :

Voltage : 215 – 245 a/c at 45 to 55 Hz.

Current : 75mA (Max. continuous) @ 230V a/c.
500mA (Max. surge).
Fuse : 500mA (Slow Blow) Capsule type 20 x 5 mm.
Situated in the lower left corner of the equipment front panel is the power ON/OFF switch
with built in LED indicator. The LED glows when the switch is in ON position. Two pin
mains cable is connected to the unit for mains connection.

A fuse protects the equipment against any short circuit. Switch on the mains supply to the
equipment. Observe the Trigger outputs and their phase sequence before connecting to the
thyristors in the power circuit. The built in pulse transformer based Isolation between the
trigger circuits and the power circuits provided isolation between them up to a tune of
1000V.

Note that T1 and T1’ come from the two secondaries of the same primary. Therefore they
always logically same but isolated from each other, similarly T2 & T2’. In effect T1’ carries
the same wave as T1. Similarly T2’ outputs the same trigger pulses at T2.

The table below gives the usage of the trigger outputs against different experiments.

Sl. Trigger outputs

No Experiment T1 T1 ’ T2 T2 ’

1 1-ph half wave converter *

2 1-ph Full wave converter * *

3 1-ph half controlled

Bridge converter * *

4 1-ph Full controlled

Bridge converter. * * * *

5 1-ph AC phase control * *

Table: Trigger outputs usage.

POWER CIRCUIT: -

This power circuit consists of 4 SCR`s and one diode. These devices can be used to
build Single phase half wave converter, Single phase full wave converter, & Single phase
fully controlled bridge converter and also Single phase AC voltage controller power
circuits.

Each device in the unit is mounted on an appropriate heat sink and is protected by
snubber circuit. Short circuit protection is achieved using glass fuses. A Switch is
provided in series with the step down transformer to switch ON/OFF the supply to
the power circuit.

The front panel consists Anode, cathode and Gate terminals of each SCR`s brought
out on the front panel for firing pulse connection. Device schematic is printed on the
front panel.

SPECIFICATIONS ;

1. Input Voltage : 12-0-12V AC

2. Load current : 1 Amps maximum.
3. Fuses : 1 Amps fast blow glass fuses.

FRONT PANEL DETAILS:-

1. 12V-0-12V/1A : Step down transformer- 12V or 24V AC supply for input

to the bridge rectifier.
2. S2 : ON/OFF switch for 12-0-12V step down transformer.
’ ’
3. T1, T2, T1 & T2 : SCR’s- TYN616-16Amps/600V.
4. DFW : Diodes-6A4-6Amps/400V
PROCEDURE FOR SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER
FOR R- LOAD:-
1) Switch on the mains supply to the firing circuit.
2) And observe the trigger outputs by varying the firing angle potentiometer and by
operating ON/OFF switch.
3) Make sure that the trigger pulses are coming properly before connecting to the power
circuit.
4) Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram for single phase Fully controlled
Bridge converter power circuit. Use four SCR’s and two diodes for fully controlled
converter in the power circuit.
5) Connect the trigger pulses from the firing circuit to the corresponding SCRs in the
power circuit. Connect firing pulses T1,T1’ and T2 ,T2’ from the firing circuit to the
respective SCR’s in the power circuit.
6) Connect AC supply to the power circuit through step down transformer (12V-0-12V)
provided in the unit.

T1, T1’

T2,T2’

TRIGGER OUTPUTS

7) Connect the load of 100 E/2A rheostat at load points.

8) Switch ON the step down transformer supply and trigger outputs and observe the
output voltage waveform across load by varying firing angle potentiometer provided.
9) And note down output DC voltage and current by connecting DC voltmeter across
Load and DC ammeter in series with load for different firing angle(180° to 0°) and
tabulate the readings.
10) Draw the Waveform for different firing angle across Load and across SCR.
11) Tabulate the parameters.
12) Bring the firing angle knob to minimum (anticlockwise) position and switch off the
trigger pulses.
13) Switch off step down transformer supply and mains supply to the unit

NOTE: - If there is no output even after all the proper connections, switch OFF the
Supply and interchange the connections at step down transformer
terminals. This is to make the power circuit and firing to synchronize.
 TABULAR COLUMN

For R-Load:-

Sl. No. Input Voltage Firing angle Output voltage Output Current
AC in volts In Degrees DC in Volts DC in Amps
1 24V 180
2 24V 150
3 24V 120
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
PROCEDURE for Speed control of PMDC MOTOR using Single phase fully
controlled bridge converter:-
Apparatus required:-
a) Speed control of DC motor using single phase fully controlled
converter kit.
b) PMDC motor -24V
c) Digital tachometer.

1) Switch On the mains supply to the unit.

2) And observe the trigger outputs by varying the firing angle potentiometer and by
operating ON/OFF switch.

3) Make sure that the trigger pulses are coming properly before connecting to the
power circuit.

4) Make the connections as given in the circuit diagram for single phase Fully
Controlled Bridge converter power circuit. Use four SCR’s and one diode for
fully controlled converter in the power circuit. Use 24V AC(12V-0-12V) source
to the power circuit.

5) Switch ON the step down transformer(24VAC) supply and trigger outputs.

6) And observe the speed of the PMDC MOTOR. The speed is vary by varying
the Firing angle potentiometer provided.

7)And measure the speed of the PMDC motor using digital tachometer and enter in the
tabular column for different firing angles.

8)Draw the wave forms at different firing angle – 150,120, 90, 60,30,0 degrees for fully
controlled converter.

9) And also note down the output voltage across the motor using DC voltmeter or Multi
meter for different values of firing angle.

NOTE :-

If you are not getting the output after all proper connections interchange AC O/P
terminals, after switch OFF the input. This is to synchronize the power circuit with firing
circuit.
Speed control of PMDC motor using single phase Fully controlled bridge
converter:-

Single phase fully controlled bridge rectifier : -

iT1 +
12V
T1 T2

iT2 PMDC
Vo M MOTOR
Dfw

T2¹
T1¹ iDfw
12V
iT2¹ iT1¹ _

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TABULAR COLUMN:-

Sl.No Input Voltage- Firing angle –α Output Voltage- Speed

VinAC volts Vo DC volts RPM
1 24V 180 º
2 24V 150 º
3 24V 120 º
4 24V 90 º
5 24V 60 º
6 24V 30 º
7 24V 30 º
THEORY:-

SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER POWER

CIRCUIT FOR R-LOAD:-

The circuit arrangement of a single phase fully controlled converter is shown in fig(a). During the
positive half cycle, thyristor T1 & T1¹ are forward biased and When these two thyristor are fired
simultaneously at wt = a, the load is connected to the input supply through T1 and T1¹. In case of
inductive loads, during the period r ≤ wt ≤ (r + a). the input voltage is negative and the free
wheeling diode Dm is forward biased. Dm conducts to provide the continuity of current in case of
inductive loads. The load current is transferred from T1 & T1¹ to Dm; and thyristors T1 & T1¹ are
turned off due to line or natural commutation.

During the negative half cycle of input voltage, thyristor T1 & T1¹ are forward biased. The firing of
thyristor T2 & T2¹ simultaneously at wt = r + a will reverse bias Dm. The diode Dm is turned off
and load is connected to the supply through T2 & T2¹.

Waveforms for input voltage, output voltage and Trigger outputs.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

iT1 +
12V
T1 T2

iT2
Vo R-100Ω/2A
Dm

T2¹
12V T1¹ iDm
iT2¹ iT1¹ _

a) Circuit diagram
 V
Vm

0 ώt

0 ώt

T1

0 ώt

T2

0 ώt

Fig (b) WAVE FORMS

Different waveforms for single phase fully controlled converter for R-load:-

INPUT WAVEFORM

OUTPUT WAVEFORM FOR R LOAD (α=90°)

Different waveforms for speed of DC motor using single phase fully controlled
converter:-

INPUT WAVEFORM

Back EMF

OUTPUT WAVEFORM FOR MOTOR LOAD (α=90°)

Back EMF

OUTPUT WAVEFORM FOR MOTOR LOAD (α=0°)

RESULT:- Speed control of DC motor using Single phase fully controlled converter circuit is
constructed and its performance is studied.