Chapter 1

1. Calculate the mass of 2.4 litres of oxygen gas at STP.

2. Calculate the mass of the following at STP:
(i). 2 litre of N2
(ii). 11.2 litres of CO2
3. How many molecules will be present in
(i). 22g of CO2
(ii). 56g of N2
4. The cost of table salt is Rs. 20 per kg find the cost per mole.
5. A substance on analysis gave the following composition: Na=43.5% ,
C=11.3% O=45.3% Determine is Empirical formula and Molecular
formula if Molar mass is 106 g.
6. 1 g of Mg is burnt in a closed container which contains 6 g of O2 i.)
which reactant is left in excess. (ii.)Find the mass of excess reactant,
iii)find the mass of Mg O formed
7. Commercially available HCl contains 38% HCl by mass. What is the
molality of the solution.What will be molarity if the density of HCl
solution is 1.19g/ml.

8How many atoms of Ca will form 10 g of it?

9. a)Calculate the weight of lime (CaO) obtained by heating 2000kg

of 95% pure lime stone (CaCO ) 3

10.Write the empirical formula of the compounds having molecular formula

a.)C6H6 b.)C6H12 c.)N2O4

11)1 g of Mg is burnt in a closed container which is containing 6 g of

Oxygen. Which reactant is left in excess? Find the mass of excess reactant.
How much of Magnesium oxide is produce?

12.What is the volume of 4 g of Oxygen at S.T.P?

13..Calculate the %age of all the elements in H2SO4.

14. How much potassium chlorate should be heated to produce 2.24L

of oxygen at NTP?

15. A sample of salt contains percentage composition : Fe= 36.76% ; S=

21.11% ; O= 42.14% Find its Empirical formula.
 16.Define a)molarity b)molality c)mole fraction

17.Define empirical formula.write the relation between empirical formula and

molecular formula.

Chapter 2

1. . What do you understand by dual behavior of matter? Show that Bohr’s

circumference of an atom is an integral multiple of De-Broglie wavelength.
2. State Hund’s rule.
3. Which orbital is more tightly bound to the nucleus s or p?
4. Write Schrodinger equation and express the variables.
5. What is the significance of |Y|2.
6. What is a node

7. State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

8. State Pauli’s exclusion principle.

9. State Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.

10. Assign the n.l,m values of I.) 2s ii.)3p and iii.) 4d orbitals

11. The wavelength of green light from a traffic signal is about 520nm. Calculate
the frequency and wave-number of radiation.(Ans. 5.76X1014 sec-1, 1.92X106 m-1.)

12. Assign the n.l,m values of I.) 2s ii.)3p and iii.) 4d orbitals

13. What is the wavelength of light emitted when the electron in Hydrogen atom
undergoes a transition from n= 4 to n=1? (Ans. 97.2 nm.)

14. The I.E of He+ ion is 19.6X10-18 J/atom. Find the energy of first transition of Li 2+.
(Ans. 4.41 X 10-17J/atom).

15. The quantum number for electrons of an atom are given n=2, l=0, m=0
ms=+1/2. Identify the atom.

16. How many electrons in Argon will have m=0.?

17. What is Azimuthal Quantum number for last electron in Sodium metal atom.
18. Calculate the uncertainty in the velocity of a Wagon of mass 2000Kg whose
position is known to an accuracy of + 10m.

19. Calculate the mass of a photon of light having wavelength 3.6 A*.

20. What is the Energy of light emitted when the electron in Lithium ion

undergoes a transition from n= 3 to n=1?

Chapter 3
1.Which is larger in size : I) Mg or Ca ii) S or Cl/
2 Explain why Cl can be converted to chloride ion more easily as
3.compared to Fluorine to Fluoride.
4.How do atomic size vary in a group and in a period ? Give reason for
the variation.
5.Mg2+ ion is smaller than O2- ion though both have the same
configuration. Why?
6.Electron gain enthalpy of Noble gase is positive why?
7.The first element in each group differs significantly from other
members why?
8.Explain I.E of Mg is more than Na and Al .
9. Explain I.E of N is more than Oxygen.
10.Define ionic radii.write two factors affecting ionic radii.
11.which one is smaller: Mg,Mg2+
12. The outer configuration of some of the elements are given below: (i)
3s23p3 (ii) 3d54s1 (iii) 3s23p6 (iv) 5d1 6s2. State which block of periodic
table do they belong.
13.Write the general electronic configuration of a)s block,P block, d
block, f block
14.Define I onization energy.What are the factors affecting I .E
15.What is electron affinity.What are the factors affecting Electron
affinity.

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Chapter 4

1. Explain the shape of the following molecules on the basis of V.S.E.P.R

theory: BeCl2, BF3, PCl3, NH3,ClF3, PCl5, CH4, H2O, SF6, SF4,XeF4
under the following points:
No. of Bond pairs around the centre atom=
No. of Lone pairs around around the centre atom=
Total pairs of electrons around the centre atom=
Possible shape=
Actual shape after placing lp=
Reason for position of lp(if any)=
Draw the shape.
2. Explain the shapes of the following based upon Valence Bond theory:
BH3, BeF2,C2H2; C2H4; NH3; PF5, SF6.
Steps: i)Write the configuration of the centre atom.
ii) Show the hybridization
iii) Draw the shape of the hybrid orbital of the centre atom and show the
overlapping with other atoms. Place the lone pairs.
iv) Mention the shape
3. Draw the molecular orbital diagram of the following molecules/ions and
calculate the bond order. Also mention the magnetic nature: B2, H2+
ion,N2+ ion, O2, O22-.
4. Why is water a liquid but Hydrogen sulphide a gas?

5. Why is F2 molecule dimagnetic? What is the bond order of F2

molecule?
6.Give reasons:
a.) Though NH3 and water has distorted tetrahedral geometry still bond
angle in water is lower than in ammonia.
b.) BeH2 has zero dipole though Be-H bond is polar in nature.
c.) NH3has more dipole moment than NF3.
d.) CO2 is linear but water has a bent structure.
e.) Ne2 molecule does not exist.
7.Why is HF high boiling than HCl?

8.Why is B.P of water more than HF?.

9.Arrange the following in decreasing bond angle and give reason: NO 2, NO2+,
NO2-.

10.Why Axial bonds are longer than equatorial bonds in PCl5.

11.Find the hybridization of NO3-,NH4+.

Chapter 5

1. Derive ideal gas equation.

2. Derive and define Charle’s law.
3. Define Boyle,s law.
4. What kind of forces are present between the following: CH 4 molecules ;
HCl molecules ; NH3 molecules.
5. Why do gases deviate from ideal behavior?
6. A Cylinder containing LPG can withstand a pressure of 14.9atm. the
pressure gauze of the cylinder indicate 12 atm at 27*C. Due to sudden
fire in the building temperature starts rising. At what temperature
cylinder will explode?
7. Pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas A at 27*C is found to be 2 Bar. When 2 g
of another ideal gas B is introduced in the same flask at the same
temperature, the pressure becomes 3Bar. Find the relationship between
the molecular masses.
8. The drain cleaner contains small bits of Al which react with NaOH to
produce H2 gas at 20*C and 1Bar pressure . What volume of the gas H 2
gas will be released when 0.15 g of Aluminium reacts?
(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O🡪 2NaAlO2+3H2)
9. State Dalton law of partial pressure.
10. When 2 g of a gas A is introduced into an evacuated flask kept at
25*C, the pressure is found to be 1 atm. If 3 g of another gas B is then
added to the same flask the total pressure becomes 1.5 atm at the same
temperature. Assuming ideal behavior ,Calculate the ratio of the
molecular weights.
11. An open vessel at 27*C is heated until three-fifth of the air in it is
expelled. Assuming the volume of the vessel constant, find the
temperature at which the vessel has been heated.
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Chapter 6
1. What is a thermodynamic system ?
2. What are state variables?
3. When does the internal energy of the system change?
4. State the First law of thermodynamics?
5. For the reaction: 2Cl(g)🡪 Cl2(g) ; What are the signs of of H and S?

6. Consider the reaction: 4NH3(g)+ 5O2(g)🡪4NO(g)+6H2O(l) G=-1010.5kJ.

Calculate the standard G of NO from the following data. G of NH3 is -
16.6kJ/mol and G of water = -237.2Kj/mol.
7. Calculate Equilibrium constant for the reaction at 400K : 2NOCl(g)🡪2NO(g)
+Cl2(g) H*=77.2kJ/mol and S=122j/K/mol at 4ooK.
8. How does entropy change with
i. With increase in temperature.
ii. With decrease in pressure.
9. For a reaction both H and S are positive . Under what condition
the reaction will be spontaneous?
10. What are extensive and intensive properties? Give examples.
11. State the Hess’s law.

12.What is endo thermic and exothermic reaction.

13Differentiate between
I. revesible and irreversible process.
ii. Isothermal and adiabetic process.
14.A gas absorbs 120kJ of energy against an external pressure of 1.10atm
from a volume of 0.5 L ton 2.0 L. What is the change in internal energy?
(Ans 47.1J)
15).A gas absorbs 120J of heat and expands against the external pressure of
1.1 atm from a volume of o.5 Lit to 2.0 litre. What is the change in internal
energy?
16)5L of a gas expands isothermally into a vacuum until its total volume is
40L . How much work is done?
17).During a process a system absorbs 710 J of heat and does work. The
change in internal energy for the process is 460J. What is the work done by
the system.
18.)For a reaction A(g)+B(g)🡪C(g) U=40.5Kj S=200J/K. Calculate
G and find if reaction is spontaneous.

Chapter 7

1. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the following reactions:
a. CaCO3(s)===CaO(s) +CO2(g)
b. N2(g)+3H2(g)===2NH3(g)
2. When is equilibrium attained in a chemical process?
3. Can equilibrium be achieved between water and its vapours in an open
system? Why or why not?
4. What is the effect of catalyst on equilibrium of a reversible process?
5. Kp = 0.04 atm at 898 K for the equilibrium shown below. What is the
equilibrium pressure of C2H6 when it is placed in a flask at 4 atm pressure
and allowed to come to equilibrium.
C2H6(g)⇌C2H4(g)+H2(g)

6. The equilibrium constant for the reaction SO3(g)===SO2(g)+1/2O2(g) is 0.18

at 900K what will be the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2SO 2(g)
+O2(g)====2SO3.
7. The value for the Kc of the reaction 3O2(g)===2O3(g) is 2X10 -50 at 25*C. If
the equilibrium concentration of O2 in air at 25*C is 1.6X10 -2, What is the
concentration of O3? Ans=2.86X10-28)
8. What are the conjugate bases for the following? :HS-,H3O+,
H2PO4-,HSO4-,CH3COOH,H2SO4.
9. Write the conjugate acids for the following Bronsted bases: NH2- NH3,
HCOO-,H2O.
10. What is the pH for [H+]= 3.13X10-8M.
11. The pH of stomach fluids is about 1.7. Calculate Hydrogen ion
concentration.
12. Calculate the hydronium ion and hydroxyl ion concentration in 0.01M
HCl.
13. A mixture of 1.57 mol of N2,1.92 mols of H2 and 8.13 mol of ammonia is
introduced in a 20 L vessel . at 500K. At this temperature the equilibrium
constant Kc for the reaction is 1.7X102. Is the reaction at equilibrium? If
not, what is the direction of equilibrium?
14. Why do we add HCl before H2S in second group basic radical test.
15. the Ksp for the dissolution of A2X3 is 1.1X10-23. Find its solubility.
16. Calculate degree of dissociation of 0.05M ammonia solution if Ionization
constant is 1.77X10-5.
17. Derive the relation between Ionization constant and degree of
dissociation of weak acids.
18. Derive the Kp,Kc relation for the reaction 2HI===H 2+I2.
19. What is homogenous equilibria?

Redox reaction

1.Calculate the oxidation number of P in PO43–,HPO32–.

2What is the oxidation number of S in Na2S4O6 and Na2SO3?

3Calculate the oxidation number of Cr in K2Cr2O7 and S in S2O32–.

4Calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in the following:

Na2B4O7 , OsO4

acidic medium by ion electron method.

5.What is the oxidation state of Cr in CrO5 ?

6.Balance the following redox reactions by ionelectron method:

+ I2(s) (in basic medium)
(in acidic solution)
(in acidic solution)
(in acidic solution)

7.Give an example of disproportionation reaction.

8.What is the oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4?

9.Identify the substance reduced in the following reaction:

10.Why fluorine does not undergo dis proportionation reaction.

Basic organic chemistry

1.On the basis of hybridization, predict the shape of the following

molecules:
i.) H2C=O ii. CH3F iii. HC=N

Write the bondline formulae of the following compounds: a. 3-

Bromopentanal; b. 2,2-dimethylpentanal; c. Propane1,2,3-triol; d. 2,2-
dimethylcyclohexanol; e. Cyclopropene.

1. Write the IUPAC names of the following:

a.CH3-CH=CH-CH2Cl f.CH3CH(NH2)CH2CH3

b.CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2COOH g. CH2=CH-CH=CH2

c.CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO h.CH3-C(CH3)2-C=CH

d.CH3COCH2CH=CH2 i. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3

e.CH3CH2CH2COCH2CH3 j. CH3CH2CN

2. Which bond is more polar H3C-H or H3C-Br and why?

3. Draw resonance structure of phenol and Nitro benzene.
4. Write the hybridization in the following: CH2=CH-CN, CH=C-C=CH,
CH2=C=C=CH2.
5. Explain Hyper-conjugation effect in ethyl carbocation.
6. Explain Electromeric effect and +I effect.

Calculate
ENGLISH number of sigma and pi bonds in 1,3-butadiene.
9

1 Write IUPAC name of the organic compound.

0

1 Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:

1

1
Write the structural formula of 4-chloro-2-pentene.
2

1
(CH3)3C+ is more stable than (CH3)2+CH. Explain why.
3

1 Write the IUPAC name of:

4

1 Write IUPAC name of:

5

1 Arrange the following:

6
 [Increasing order of stability]
(ii) –I, –Br, –Cl, –F
[Decreasing order of –I effect]

1 Classify the following pairs as position, chain, functional isomers or

7 metamers:
(i) Diethylamine and Methylpropylamine
(ii) Ethanol and Dimethylether

1 Explain the following giving example:

8 (i) Inductive effect
(ii) Electrophile

1 Give IUPAC name of the following compounds:

9

2 Which hybrid orbitals are used by underlined carbon in the following

0 molecules?
(i) CH3—CHO (ii) CH3—CH==CH2

2 Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

1
 HYDROCARBONS
1. Write the products obtained from the ozonolysis of the following
compound: a. 2-methylbut1-ene b. 1-phenylbut2-ene c.
Pent2-ene d. 2,3dimethylpent2-ene
2. An alkene on ozonolysis give ethanol and acetone. Find the alkene.
3. How will you make the following conversions:
i. bezene to nitro benzene
ii. benzene to toluene
iii. benzene to p-nitrotoluene
iv. benzene to m-nitrotoluene
v. benzene to acetophenone
vi. Butan-1-ol to butane
vii. But1-ene to 2- bromobutane
viii. 2-bromobutane to 1- bromobutane
ix. Benzene to cyclohexane
x. Ethylchloride to butane.
4. How can you prove the acidic nature of alkynes?
5. Write the formulae of o-
xylene,acetophenone,toluene,aniline,bromobenzene.
6. Write the cis and trans isomers of C2H5CCH3=CCH3C2H5.
7. Write the following name reactions:
a. Decarboxylation reaction
b. Kolbe’s electrolysis
c. Friedelcraft’ alkylation
d. Friedelcraft’ acylation
e. Beta elimination reaction
f. Wurtz reaction
g. Fittig reaction
8. Write the formulae and IUPAC names of all the isomers of the
molecular formula-C5H8 (one triple bond).
9. What happens when
i. Phenol is heated with Zn
ii. Sodiumbezoate is treated with sodalime.
iii. Bezene is treated with Chlorine in the presence of anhydrous
Aluminium chloride in dark and cold.
 iv. Chlorobenzene is treated with Na metal in the presence of dry
ether.
v. Ethyne is heated in red hot iron tube.
10. What is pyrolysis ? give example.
11. Complete the following reactions:
i. CH3-CH=CH-CH3----------acidified KMnO4----------------------🡪

ii. CH3-CH=CH2---------DIL KMnO4---------🡪

iii. CH3-CH=CH2+H2O-------H+----🡪

iv CH3-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2+O3------Zn-H2o----🡪

v. CH3-CH=CH2----High temp/pressure----🡪

12. What are conformers?

13. What is kharash effect?
14. What is ozonoid? Which alkene gives formaldehyde and propane-2-
one on ozonolysis?
15. What is addition reaction ? Give example.
16. What are vicinal di halide ? How are they prepared?
17. What is Beta-elimination reaction? give example.
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