SPEAKING
MATHEMATICALLY
By Engr. Catherine Catindoy
Math as a Language
Basic Math Vocabularies Math Used as a Language in Difference Fields and Technologies
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Example of Math Application as a Language:
Digital Signal Processing
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Math as a Language (Introduction)
Mathematics is a special language consisting of words,
tables, graphs and symbols to represent and
communicate mathematical ideas. As with all language
acquisition, students learn to communicate mathematics
by talking, listening, reading, and writing.
“Mathematics is the language with which God has written the
universe.”--
As quoted in Beginning Algebra (1992) by Margaret L. Lial,
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Charles David Miller and E. John Hornsby, p. 2
Math shows Patterns, Shapes,
Sets/Groups, Sizes,
“Spatial, logical or
quantitative information”
(include
Positions, valuing money,
comparison of quantities)
For example, in the picture, we can show the Height of
the basketball ring, the height of the basketball player,
the distance of the man to the ring, and the angle of
projection for throwing the ball.
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Reference: https://quora.com/Is-mathematics-the-
language-of-the-universe
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This Chapter will tackle the following:
Variables
The Language of Sets
The Language of Relations and Function
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Variable Examples of Variable
These are all examples of variables because each of these
properties varies or differs from one individual to another.
This can be anything with numerical value.
•Age
•Value of money
•Class grades
•Blood pressure readings
•Sizes of furniture
•Etc.
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Writing Sentences using Variable
Are there numbers with property that the
sum of their Squares equals the square of
their sum?
Given any real number, its square is
Nonnegative.
Facts to remember More examples for
1. “Times as much” means MULTIPLY
Variables:
2. “More than” means ADD
More examples for Variables:
3. “Decreased by” means SUBTRACT
4. “Increased” by means ADD 1) Twice as much as unknown 2x
5. “Separate 28 into two parts means two numbers 2) Two less than the unknown x-2
whose SUM is 28.
3) Five more than the unknown x+5
6. “Percent of” means MULTIPLE
4) Three more than the twice the 2x + 5
7. “Is, was, will be” become EQUALS in Algebra unknown
8. If “7 exceed 2 by 5, then 7 – 2 = 5. “Exceed 5) A number decreased by the x-7
becomes a MINUS SIGN and “by” becomes an unknown
EQUALS SIGN ( = )
6) Ten decreased by unknown 10 - x
9. No labels such as feet, degrees and dollars are
used in the equations. Just refer to 7) Seri’s age (x) 4 years from now x+4
“x = statement to find the unit with the label for
the answer” 8) Dan’s age (x) 10 years ago x - 10
First number = x,
9) Separate 17 into two parts second number = 17 - x
10) Distance travelled in x hours at 50 50x
mph
More Exercises for variables Mathematical expression with Variables
1 Two consecutive integers (example: 1, 2) x, x + 1
2 Two consecutive Even integers (example: 2, 4) x, x + 2
3 Two consecutive Odd integers (example: 3, 5) x, x + 2
4 Interest of x dollars for 1 year at 5% 0.05x
( Note that 5% is equals to 0.05)
5 Php 20,000 separated into 2 investments x, 20000 - x
6 Distance travelled in 3
3x
hours at x mph
7 Quotient of a number and 8 x/8
MATHEMATICAL
STATEMENTS
Universal Conditional Statements
Example of Universal Conditional Statements
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Example for Universal Existential Statements
REVIEW ON REAL NUMBER SYSTEM
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Equivalent set
-same number of elements
regarless of the element
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8.
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***Let’s focus on Subset and Proper Subset
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Technically speaking, every set is a subset of itself, in
the same way that every integer is divisible by itself.
What you’re talking about is a ‘proper subset’- a
subset that is not the whole set. And in that case, no,
by definition a proper subset cannot be equal to the
A Proper Subset is just whole set.
a type of Subset. For example we have this Set.
S{1,2,3}.
A Proper Subset is just a type of Subset where at
least one element is Not Included Subsets will be {1,2,3}, {2,3}, {3}, { }, {1, 3}, {1, 2},
Null set or ∅ is a Proper subset of every set.
But a Null set cannot be a Subset of itself. The Proper Subsets will be {2,3}, {3},
{ }, {1, 3}, {1, 2},
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Let’s say we have to find all Subsets of a Set:
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On the other hand, Proper Subsets of a Set will have these:
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Understanding Functions and Relations
Example:
Relation – any set of ordered pairs Note for ordered pairs:
( x, y ) where x is DOMAIN while y in the RANGE
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This topic will handle the following questions:
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What is a Function
• one OUTPUT for each INPUT
• Special kind of Relation
• Every value of x, there will be 1 value only of y
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Example:
How to distinguish function
from relation
Take a look at the domain.
If Every x-value (domain) results
only to 1 y-value (range), then it is
a function.
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Is this a Relation? YES
Is this a Function? No, the x-value 0 is repeated in the Ordered pairs.
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RELATION MAPPING TO ILLUSTRATE RELATION AND FUNCTION
Function or not?
Function Function Not a Function
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Function
Not a Function
Function 48
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
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EXERCISES Answers:
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Answers:
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More Sample
Exercises
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More Exercises
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What’s happening when using Math as a Language
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