CHUNG CHENG HIGH SCHOOL (MAIN)

Sec 2 Mathematics 2024

Chapter 5
Quadratic Equations and Graphs

Name: ________________________ ( ) Class: ________ Date:__________

Quadratic equations can be used as mathematical representations of real-world objects and phenomena
and they can be found in many applications of Mathematics.

For example, quadratic equations are necessary to understand the mechanics of motion. The motion of
1
an object under the pull of gravity can be modelled by quadratic functions. The equation s = ut + at 2
2
relates the displacement (s) of an object and time (t). This relation is quadratic when the acceleration
(a) is constant, e.g. a free falling object under the influence of gravitational acceleration of
approximately 10 m/s2.

We can solve quadratic equations by factorisation, graphical method, completing the square or using
the quadratic formula. Completing the square method and using the quadratic formula will be covered
in Secondary 3.

Content Strand: Number & Algebra

Big Idea: Equivalence, Diagrams

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

□ solve quadratic equations by factorisation
□ state the properties of the graphs of quadratic functions
□ draw graph of quadratic functions
□ solve quadratic equations by graphical method
□ solve real-life problems involving quadratic equations algebraically and graphically

Online resources:

(1) Factoring quadratic expressions using “magic X” [start from 6:11]

https://tinyurl.com/yafoet3s

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 1

 Unit 5.1 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factorisation

Success Criteria: I am able to

□ understand the Zero Product Principle and know how it can be used in the solving of quadratic
equations
□ solve quadratic equations by factorisation
□ solve problems in real-world contexts by formulating and solving quadratic equations

Recall: Factorising Quadratic Expressions (Chapters 3 and 4)

FACTORISATION

COMMON ALGEBRAIC CROSS TABLE

GROUPING
FACTORS IDENTITIES METHOD

Eg. E.g. E.g E.g.

2ab + 8bc − 6bd a + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
2 6c2 − 7c + 1 3ax + 6ay − 4px − 8py
= 2b(a + 4c − 3d) a2 − 2ab + b2 = (a − b)2 = (6c − 1)(c − 1) =3a(x + 2y) − 4p(x + 2y)
a2 − b2 = (a + b)(a − b) = (x + 2y)(3a − 4p)

Practice Time!

Factorise each of the following expressions completely.

(a) 3x 2 − 19 x − 14 (b) x 2 + 2 xy − 63 y 2

(c) 4 y 2 + 12 y + 9 (d) 25 x 2 − 90 x + 81

(e) 9 x 2 − 25 (f) 2 − 242x 2

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 2

5.1A Solving Linear Equations (Recap)

How do you solve 3x + 3 = 0 ? How many solution(s) are there?

5.1B Solving Quadratic Equations

• An expression ax 2 + bx + c , where a, b and c are constants and a ≠ 0, is known as a quadratic

expression.
• An equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , where a, b and c are constants and a ≠ 0, is known as a quadratic
equation.
• In ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , a is known as the coefficient of x2, b is the coefficient of x and c is a
constant.

Activity 1 – Zero Product Property

1. If P  Q = 0 , can you state the possible values of factor P and factor Q?

2. How many different pairs of values of P and Q can you find?

3. Can you write a sentence explaining a general rule for this?

Zero Product Principle

If a and b are real numbers such that ab = 0, then a = b 0 or b = 0.
If P and Q are factors of an algebraic expressions such that PQ = 0,
then P = 0 or Q = 0.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 3

 Class Example 1

Solving quadratic equations of the form ax2 + bx = 0 (where b ≠ 0)

Read Worked Example 1 Textbook 2A page 109

1. Solve the following quadratic equations.

(a) 3x ( x − 1) = 0 (b) 3x 2 − 7 x = 0

Solving quadratic equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 (where b ≠ 0 and c ≠ 0)

Read Worked Example 2 Textbook 2A pages 110 – 111

2. Solve the following quadratic equations.

[Hint: use common factor or cross table method to factorise.]

(a) 2m2 − 6m + 4 = 0 (b) ( 3x + 2)( 4 x − 5) = 0

(c) y 2 + 110 y + 3000 = 0

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 4

3. Solve the following quadratic equations.
[Hint: use algebraic rules to factorise.]

(a) x2 + 4x + 4 = 0 (b) 3x 2 − 18 x + 27 = 0

Solving quadratic equations of the form ax2 + c = 0 (where c ≠ 0)

Read Worked Example 3 Textbook 2A page 111

4. Solve the following quadratic equations using algebraic rules in factorisation.

(a) 4 x 2 − 49 = 0 (b) 2 x 2 − 50 = 0

5. Explain why 16 x 2 + 49 = 0 has no real solutions.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 5

Solving quadratic equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = d

Read Worked Example 4 Textbook 2A page 112

6. Solve the following quadratic equations.

(a) d ( 3d − 2 ) = 8 (b) ( 3x − 7 )( 2 x + 1) = 23

(c) 12 x = 4 x 2 + 9 (d) 3x ( 3x + 14 ) = −49

27 − 3 ( x − 2 ) = 0
2
(e)

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 6

 Self-Practice 1

1. Solve the following equations using common factor method in factorisation.

2
(a) − x2 + 5x = 0 (b) 4 x2 = 2 x
3

2. Solve the following quadratic equations.

(a) x ( 2 x + 5 ) − 3x = 0 (b) 3 p 2 + 34 p + 91 = 0

3. Solve the following quadratic equations.

(a) 12 x 2 + 8 = 20 x (b) ( x − 2)( 3x − 2) + 3x − 2 = 0

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 7

4. Practise Now 2 Question 2 Textbook 2A page 111

(i) Solve the equation 3x 2 − 10 x + 8 = 0 .

Hence, solve the equation 3 ( y + 1) − 10 ( y + 1) + 8 = 0 .

2
(ii)

5. Practise Now 2 Question 3 Textbook 2A page 111

(i) If x = −2 is a solution of the equation x 2 + px + 8 = 0 , find the value of p.

(ii) Hence, find the other solution of the equation.

Assignment Time
Complete Chapter 5 Assignment 1 by _______________.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 8

5.1C Applications of Quadratic Equations in Mathematical Problems and in Real-World
Contexts

Quadratic equations are used in everyday life such as when calculating area, determining a product’s
profit, or formulating the speed of an object.

Steps to solve quadratic equations in real-world contexts:

1) Define your unknown in only ONE variable (with unts if needed).
2) Translate the word problem and form a quadratic equation.
3) Solve the quadratic equation.
4) Write down a statement to answer the problem.

Class Example 2

Read Worked Example 5 Textbook 2A page 113

1. The sum of the squares of two consecutive positive odd numbers is 290.
Find the two numbers.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 9

 Read Worked Example 6 Textbook 2A page 113

2. Ahmad decided to build a swimming pool in his house on a square plot of land of side
x metres.

(i) Write down an expression, in terms of x, for the area of the swimming pool.

(ii) The area of the swimming pool was found to be 80 m2.

Show that x 2 − 6 x − 72 = 0 .

(iii) Hence, find the value of x.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 10

 Self-Practice 2

1. I think of a number and add 7 to it. Then I multiply the sum by the original number and the result
is 60. Find the number.

2. The area of a triangle is 24 cm2. If its height is 2 cm longer than its base, find the base of the
triangle.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 11

3. A cyclist travels for (x −7) hours at an average speed of (2x + 3) km/h. Given that the distance
travelled is 69 km,

(i) form an equation for the distance travelled in terms of x.

(ii) Show that the equation in part (i) simplifies to 2 x 2 − 11x − 90 = 0 .

(iii) Solve the equation in part (ii).

(iv) Hence, write down the average speed of the cyclist.

Assignment Time
Complete Chapter 5 Assignment 2 by _______________.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 12

 Unit 5.2 Quadratic Functions and Graphs

Success Criteria: I am able to

□ recognise the key features of graphs of quadratic functions, e.g. shape of curve, x-intercepts,
y- intercept, and line of symmetry
□ plot and draw the graphs of quadratic functions y = ax2 + bx + c

5.2A Quadratic Functions

Complete Investigation on Textbook 2A page 116.

(Relationship between area of square and its length)

In Book 1, we have learnt that a function is a relationship between two variables x and y such that
every input x produces exactly on output y. Linear functions are examples of functions and their graphs
are straight lines.

From the investigation, we have observed that the graphs of quadratic functions are non-linear.
In fact, the graphs of quadratic functions belong to a family of curves called parabolas.

5.2B Graphs of Quadratic Functions

Key features:
1. The general form of a quadratic equation is of the form y = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are
real numbers but a cannot be zero.

2. The graph of a quadratic equation is called a parabola.

3. The curve of a quadratic equation is symmetrical about the line of symmetry.

4. The line of symmetry is a vertical line that passes through the maximum or minimum point
of the curve.

5. The curve of a quadratic equation has either a maximum or minimum point depending on the
value of a.

6. The y-intercept of the graph has the coordinates of the form (0, c) where c = value of y where
the curve cuts the vertical axis.

7. The x-intercept(s) of the graph occurs at the point(s) where curve cuts the horizontal axis and
have the coordinates (x1, 0) and (x2, 0).

8. In solving the quadratic equation y = ax2 + bx + c graphically, the solution is given by the
points at which the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c cuts the x-axis (i.e., where y = 0).

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 13

The example below shows the quadratic curve of equation, y = x 2 − 4 x − 5 ,
where a = 1, b = −4 , c = −5 .

You can observe the features of this quadratic graph (such as its turning point, the nature of its turning
point, the line of symmetry, the x intercepts and y intercept). These features change as values of a, b, c
in a quadratic equation change.

In the next activity, we will observe the effect of the values of a and c on the quadratic graph.

Scan the QR code or go to https://www.desmos.com/calculator/zukjgk9iry.

(Alternatively, go to https://www.desmos.com/calculator and click on
‘Parabolas : Standard Form’)

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 14

 Activity 2 – Graphs of quadratic functions y = ax2 + bx + c

Part 1: Effect of value of a

For this part of the activity, adjust the value of b and of c to 0 i.e., y = ax2.

(a) Increase the value of a. What do you notice about the shape of the graph?

(b) Decrease the value of a while keeping it positive. What do you notice about the shape of the
graph?

(c) Decrease the value of a until it becomes negative. What do you notice about the shape of the
graph?

Conclusion
1. If a > 0 (positive), the graph opens ………………… indefinitely and has a maximum /
minimum* point.

2. If a < 0 (negative), the graph opens ………………… indefinitely and has a maximum /
minimum* point.

3. The coordinates of the turning point of the graph of y = ax2 are (……… , ………).

4. The larger the absolute value of a, the steeper / smaller* the graph opens.

5. The graph of y = ax2 passes through the …………………. .

6. The line of symmetry passes through the ………………… point on the graph.

7. The line of symmetry for the graph of y = ax2 is the y-axis or x = ……… .

8. Does the changing of the value of a in the equation y = ax2 affect the turning point?
Answer: Yes / No*

* Delete where appropriate.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 15

 Part II: Effect of the value of c

For this part of the activity, adjust the value of a and of b to 1 i.e., y = x2 + x + c.

(a) Increase the value of c. What do you notice about the position (y-intercept) and the shape of the
graph?

(b) Decrease the value of c. What do you notice about the position (y-intercept) and the shape of
the graph?

Conclusion
9. When c changes,
• the shape of the graph changes / remains unchanged*.
• The line of symmetry changes / remains unchanged*.

10. The graph cuts the y-axis (y-intercept) at ……… .

* Delete where appropriate.

Part IV: Quadratic Graphs

For this part of the activity, change the values of a, b and c to obtain each of the quadratic graphs in
the table below.
Complete the table. The first one has been done for you.

Opens Coordinates Equation of

Coefficient x- y-
Quadratic Graph upwards / of turning the line of
of x2 intercept(s) intercept
downwards point symmetry

(a) y = x2 – 4x + 3 1 Upwards (2, −1) x=2 1 and 3 3

(b) y = −4x2 + 12x – 9

(c) y = 2x2 – 4x – 6

(d) y = −x2 – 2x – 3

Conclusion
11. The graph may have ……………………………… x-intercept(s) and only ……… y-intercept.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 16

 Class Example 3

1. (a) Draw the line of symmetry for y = 2 x 2 − 4 x + 2 and label it on the graph paper below.

(b) Draw the line of symmetry for y = −2 x 2 − 4 x − 1 and label it on the graph paper below.

(c) The line of symmetry for the graph y = 2 x 2 − 4 x + 2 is ……………… and the turning
point is (……… , ………).
The maximum / minimum* value of the graph is y = 0 .

(d) The line of symmetry for the graph y = −2 x 2 − 4 x − 1 is ……………… and the turning
point is (……… , ………).
The maximum / minimum* value of the graph is y = 1 .

(e) Does the line of symmetry have to be the y axis all the time? Yes / No*

* Delete where appropriate.

Note: Use solid line to draw the line of symmetry and label the equation of the line.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 17

2. The graphs of y = −2x 2 and y = −2 x 2 + 6 have been drawn.
(i) Write down the equation of the other 3 curves shown below.

(a) _______________

(b) _______________

(c) _______________

(ii) Fill in the following table accordingly.

Quadratic Graph Turning Point

y = −2 x 2 (0, 0)

y = −2 x 2 + 6 (0, 6)

(a)

(b)

(c)

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 18

 Read Worked Example 7 Textbook 2A page 119

3. The diagram shows the graph of y = x 2 − 2 x − 8 . The graph cuts the x-axis at the points A and B,
and the y-axis at the point C.

(a) Write down the coordinates of A, B and C.

(b) D is the minimum point of the graph. Write down the coordinates of D.

(c) Write down the equation of the line of symmetry of the curve.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 19

 Self-Practice 3

1. The curve y = −x2 – x + 6 cuts the x-axis at the points A and B, and the y-axis at the point C.
D is the maximum point. Write down the coordinates of A, B, C and D.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 20

2. The diagram shows the graph of y = x 2 − 3x . The graph passes through the origin and crosses the
x-axis at the point P.

(a) Find the coordinates of P.

(b) Write down the equation of the line of symmetry of the graph.

(c) Find the coordinates of the lowest point on the graph.

(d) Find the coordinates of the point Q on the graph, other than the point (0, 0),
where the x- and y-coordinates are equal.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 21

 General Steps To Draw A Quadratic Graph
1. Construct a table of values of x and y at the top left corner of the graph paper.
(a) Fill in the corresponding values of y by substituting the given x values into the equation
given.
(b) Minimum 5 points are needed for drawing a quadratic graph.
2. Plan your graph, by choosing a suitable scale for both axes to ensure that the graph occupies
3
at least of the graph paper.
4
3. The scale used must be able to contain the minimum or maximum values of the x and y values
obtained from the table in Step 1.
4. The bigger the graph, the more accurate the results.
5. Plot the points and join the points together to get a smooth curve.
(a) Solid line is to be used for the required answers.
(b) Dotted line is to be used for working.

Self-Assessment Checklist for Graph Drawing

No. Criteria  if completed

Scale
1. If scale is not provided in question:
(a) Select appropriate scale to cover ¾ of graph paper.
(b) Write the scale used on top right corner.
(E.g., x–axis: 1 cm to 1 unit
y–axis: 2 cm to 1 unit)
2. If the scale provided in the question, draw the graph according to it.
Label
Copy and complete table of values on graph paper.
1.
(if required in question)
2. Label x-axis and y-axis correctly.
3. Label origin and values on axes.
4. Label equation of graph next to the graph.
5. Label question part on dotted working line when reading off values.
Accuracy
Use a sharp pencil to draw a curve that passes through the centre of
1.
all points.
2. The quadratic graph must be a smooth curve.
2. The maximum accuracy of the graph is up to half a square.
Points
b Use small crosses to plot points correctly and accurately.
2. All points are plotted.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 22

 Class Example 4

Read Worked Example 8 Textbook 2A page 120

1. (a) Given the equation y = x2, complete the table below.

x −2 −1 0 1 2
y = x2

(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 1 unit on
the y-axis, draw the graph of y = x2 for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 on the grid below.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 23

 (c) From the graph,
(i) find the value of y when x = 1.5,

(ii) find the value(s) of x when y = 1.7,

(iii) write down the equation of the line of symmetry.

Read Worked Example 9 Textbook 2A page 121

2. (a) Given the equation y = 25 + 4 x − 2 x 2 , complete the table below.

x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
y 9 25 19 9

(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit along the x-axis and 1 cm to 2 units along the y-axis,
draw the graph of y = 25 + 4 x − 2 x 2 for −2 ≤ x ≤ 4.

(c) From the graph, find

(i) the value of y when x = 2.5,

(ii) the value(s) of x when y = 14,

(iii) the maximum value of the curve.

(d) Find the equation of the line of symmetry.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 24

Class Example 4 Question 2

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 25

 Self-Practice 4

The variables x and y are connected by the equation y = − x2 − 2 x + 1 .

x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
y −7 −2 a 2 1 b −7

(a) Calculate the values of a and b.

(b) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on both axes, draw the graph of y = − x 2 − 2 x + 1 .

(c) From the graph, find the

(i) value of y when x = 1.5,

(ii) values of x when y = −5,

(iii) coordinates of the maximum point.

(d) Draw the line of symmetry of the graph and write down its equation.

(e) By drawing a suitable line on the graph, solve the equation − x 2 − 2 x + 1 = x .

[Note: This part is on the concept of graphical solutions (taught in Chapter 1), where the
intersection between 2 graphs gives you the solution.]

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 26

Self-Practice 4

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 27

5.2C Applications of Quadratic Functions in Real-World Contexts

Class Example 5

Read Worked Example 10 Textbook 2A page 123

1. The distance, s metres, that an object has travelled down a slope t seconds after it is released
can be modelled by the equation s = 4t + t 2 .

(a) Draw a graph to show the distances covered up to 5 seconds.

t 0 1 2 3 4 5

s (m)

t (s)

(b) From the graph, estimate

(i) the distance travelled after 2.6 seconds,

(ii) the time taken to travel 30 metres.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 28

2. John kicks a soccer ball vertically upwards. The height, h metres, of the ball after t seconds is
given by h = 27t − 6t 2 .

Draw a suitable graph for 0 ≤ t ≤ 5, using a scale of 2 cm to 1 second on the t-axis and
2 cm to 5 m on the h-axis.

t 0 5
h

From the graph, find

(a) the maximum height of the ball above the ground,

(b) the time required for the ball to reach the ground again,

(c) the shortest time taken to reach a height of 20 metres.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 29

Class Example 5 Question 2

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 30

 Read Worked Example 11 Textbook 2A page 124

3. Practise Now 11 Question 1 Textbook 2A page 125

The height, y metres, of a model rocket launched directly upwards from the ground can be
modelled by y = 96t − 4t 2 , where t is the time in seconds after it leaves the ground.

(i) Find the height of the rocket 12 seconds after it leaves the ground.

(ii) At how many seconds will the rocket strike the ground again?

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 31

 Self-Practice 5

1. A ball rolling on an uneven slope with an initial speed of 10m/s and its moving at v m/s after t
seconds, where v = 2t 2 − 8t + 10 .

(a) Draw the speed-time graph of the ball for the first 5 seconds of the motion, using a scale of
2 cm to 1 second on the t-axis and 1 cm to 1 m/s on the v-axis.

(b) From the graph, find,

(i) the speed of the ball when it had been moving for 3.8 seconds,

(ii) its minimum speed,

(iii) the time(s) at which the ball was moving at 6 m/s.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 32

Self-Practice 5 Question 1

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 33

2. A building has vertical walls and stands on horizontal ground. A ball is thrown from window of
the building. The horizontal distance of the ball from the building is x metres and the horizontal
height of the ball above the ground is y metres. Some corresponding values of x and y are given
in the following table.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 20 24 26 26 24 20 14 6

(a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 metre on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 5 metres on
the y-axis, draw x- and y- axes for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 30.
Plot the given values of x and y and draw a smooth curve through the points.

(b) From the graph, estimate the greatest height above the ground reached by the ball.

Assignment Time
Complete Chapter 5 Assignment 3 by _______________.
CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 34
 Revision Questions

Complete the following questions, showing all your workings clearly and neatly.

Solve the equation ( y − 4 ) = ( y − 4 )( − y + 1) .

2
1

2 (i) Factorise 6 x 2 + x − 12 .
Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation 6 ( t − 1) + ( t − 1) − 12 = 0 .
2
(ii)

3 (i) Solve 3x 2 + 7 x − 6 = 0 .
3 7
(ii) Hence state the positive value of y for which + −6 = 0.
y2 y

4 Given a positive integer k,

(a) express the sum of the positive integer and 3 in terms of k.
(b) It is known that the square of the positive integer is four times the sum of the positive
integer and 3.
(i) Form an equation in terms of k and show that it simplifies to k 2 − 4k − 12 = 0 .
(ii) Hence find the positive integer.

5 A rectangular open box is formed from a piece of thin rectangular paper of dimension
14 cm by 9 cm. Squares of side x cm are cut out from the corners and the remaining piece is
folded along the dotted lines to form the box.

x cm

x cm
9 cm

14 cm

(i) Express the length of the box in terms of x.

(ii) Express the width of the box in terms of x.
(iii) Given that the base area of the box is 66 cm2, show that 2 x 2 − 23x + 30 = 0 .
(iv) By solving the equation, find the volume of the box.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 35

6 Answer the whole question on a sheet of graph paper.

The table below gives some values of x and the corresponding values of y where
y = x 2 + 5 x − 10 .

x −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
y 4 −4 a −14 −16 −16 −14 −10 −4 b

(i) Calculate the values of a and b.

(ii) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the y-
axis, draw the graph of y = x 2 + 5 x − 10 for −7 ≤ x ≤ 2.
(iii) Use your graph to find
(a) the x-intercepts and
(b) the y-intercept.
(iv) From the graph, state the coordinates of the turning point of the graph.
(v) From the graph, state the equation of the line of symmetry.

7 The curve y = x 2 − 2 x − 3 cuts the x-axis at A and B and the y-axis at C.

(a) Write down the coordinates of A, B and C.
(b) Find the equation of the line parallel to BC, passing through A.

x
A O B
C

8 Answer the whole question on a sheet of graph paper.

The variables x and y are connected by the equation y = x 2 − 5 x + 2 .

The following table gives some corresponding values of x and y.

x −1 0 1 2 3 4 6
y a 2 −2 −4 b −2 2

(i) Calculate the values of a and b.

(ii) Using 2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 1 unit on the
y-axis, draw the graph of y = x 2 − 5 x + 2 for − 1  x  5 .
(iii) State the equation of the line of symmetry of the graph y = x 2 − 5 x + 2 .
(iv) If the point (2.5, h) lies on the curve, find the value of h.

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 36

9 Answer the whole question on a sheet of graph paper.

The figure below shows a rectangular cement floor surrounded by grassland.

(a) Express A m2, the area of the grassland in terms of x.
(b) Draw the graph of the equation of values of x from 0 to 4, using a scale of 4 cm to 1 m on
the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 1 m2 on the vertical axis.
(c) Find the value of x if the area of the grassland is to be as large as possible.

2x m

1m
Grassland
Cement
1 m floor xm
(5 – 2x) m

xm

Answers
1
1 4 or 2
2
1 1
2 (i) ( 3x − 4)( 2 x + 3) (ii) or −
2
3 2
2 1
3 (i) or −3 (ii) 1
3 2
4 (a) k + 3 (b)(ii) 6
5 (i) (14 – 2x) cm (ii) (9 – 2x) cm (iv) 99 cm3
6 (i) a = −10, b = 4 (iii)(a) x = −6.5 or 1.5 (iii)(b) y = −10
(iv) (−2.5, −16.2) (v) x = −2.5
7 (a) A(−1, 0), B(3, 0), C(0, −3)
(b) y = x + 1
8 (i) a = 8, b = −4 (iii) x = 2.5 (iv) h = 4.2
9 (a) y = − x 2 + 3x + 4 (c) x = 1.5

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 37

 Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Summary

1. Zero Product Principle

If two factors P and Q are such that P × Q = 0, then either P = 0 or Q = 0 or both P and Q are
equal to 0. This principle can be used to solve quadratic equations of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are constants and a ≠ 0.

2. Graphs of quadratic functions

The general form of the equation of a quadratic function is y = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are
constants and a ≠ 0.

• For a > 0, the graph opens upwards indefinitely and has a minimum point.
• For a < 0, the graph opens downwards indefinitely and has a maximum point.
• The line of symmetry of the graph passes through its minimum / maximum point.
• The graph may have 0, 1 or 2 x-intercepts but it has only 1 y-intercept.

Source: think! Mathematics New Syllabus 8th Edition Textbook Secondary 2A

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 38

CCHMS 2024 Sec 2 Maths Chapter 5 Quadratic Equations and Graphs Pg 39