FORMULA LIST

Unit 1: Physical quantities, units and measurements

Standard form: A x l on, where 1 A < 1O

Unit 2: Kinematics
v = speed (mis)
d
V=- d = distance (m)
t
t = time (s)
v = velocity (mis)
d
v=- d = displacement (m)
t
t = time (s)
A d Total distance travelled
verage spee = Total time taken

. Total displacement
Average ve1oc1ty = _ __.;;;;_ __
Total time taken
a= acceleration (mls2)
v-u v = final velocity/speed (mis)
a=--
t u = initial velocity/speed (mis)
t= time (s)

v=y
X

(gradient of distance-time graph

speed)
t
V

a=y
X

(gradient of speed-time graph

acceleration)
t
V

Area under velocity-time graph

= Distance travelled
t

Unit 3: Force and pressure

W = weight (N)
W= mg m = mass (kg)
g = gravitational field strength (N/kg )

P = pressure (N/m2 or Pa)

F
- P=- F= force (N)
A
A= area (m2)
p = density (kg/m1)
m
p=- m = mass (kg)
v
v = volume (m1)
 e = electromotive force (V)
Unit 4: Dynamics w
F = resultant force (N)
£=- W = energy (J)
Q
F= ma m = mass (kg) Q = charge (C)
a= acceleration (mls2) R = resistance (Q)
R=V V = voltage (V)
I
Unit 5: Turning effect of forces I= current (A)
Moment(Nm) R = resistance (Q)
Moment= Fd F = force (N) R= pl p = resistivity (Om)
d = J_ distance (m) A l. = length (m)
A= area (m2)
Principle ofmoment:
Sum of clockwise moment
Unit 14: D.C. circuits
= Sum of anticlockwise moment
Series circuits:
RE =RI+ R2 + .. .
Unit 6: Energy
I V
V= v1 + v + .. .
2
E = energy in gravitational potential 1 = 11 =12 •••
p
store (J) Note:
m =mass (kg)
Ep =mgh RE = Effective resistance
g = gravitational field strength (N/
kg) Parallel circuits:
h = height (m) 1 1 1
RE= Rl + Ri + •••
E1c =energy in kinetic store (J)
Ele = ½mv2 m =mass (kg) V=V1 =V2 = ...
v = speed/velocity (mis) I= II+ /2 ...
W = work done (J) Note:
Vi
W=Fd F= force (N) RE = Effective resistance
d = distance (m)
P=power(W) V = Ri xV
P=E E = energy (J) output Rl + Ri mpu1
t
t = time (s) Voutput = output voltage (V)
P=power(W) Vinput = input voltage (V)
P=W W= work done (J) R2 = resistance (Q)
t
t = time (s) R1 = resistance (Q)

Unit 15: Practical electricity

Unit 10: General wave properties
P = VI P = power (W) V = voltage (V), I= current (A)
f= frequency (Hz)
f =}__
T T= period (s) P=E P = power (W), E = energy (J), t = time (s)
t
v = speed/velocity (mis)
v=f>. f = frequency (Hz) E = Energy (J), V = voltage (V)
E= Vlt
>..=wavelength (m) I= current (A), t = time (s)

P = power (W), W = work done (J)

Unit 12: Light P=W
t t = time (s)
n = refractive index
sini v2 p = power (W), V = voltage (V)
n=-.- i = angle of incidence (0)
smr R
r = angle of refraction (0) p= R = resistance (0)
p = PR p = power (W), I= current (A), R = resistance (0)
Electrical energy used in consumers (kWh)
Unit 13: Electric charge and current of electricity = Power (kW) x Time (h)
I= current (A) Cost of electrical energy used in consumer ($)
Q = charge (C) = Unit cost ($/kWh) x Energy (kWh)
t = time (s)