I

CAMERIN
HYDRAULid DATA
A handy reference on the s ~ect of hydraulics,
and stea

Edited by

C. C. Bead·

Eighteenth E ition
Second Prin ing
 . . . . . '• . . .

PUJDp Manufacturing Plants.

. . .
··.:

· Buenos Aires, J-\i:gentina•. BC>inbay, India

Brunn, Austria · .. · . . Desio, Italy .
. ·Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . Coslada,. Spain ..
Br~ntford, Cari~da · ·. . Chesapeake, VA, [ .S.A. ',
'Bogota, Colombia : <Hastings, NE, U.S;A. . .
Gateshead, England · · ·• Huntington Park, C.\., U.S.A; ._ . · .
Newark, England · · Memphis, TN, U.S.A. . .
A:rnag~, France Phillipsburg; NJ, C.S.A. '.
Orleans, France .Statesville, NC, U.S.A.
· .. Hamburg, Germany .· .· Taneytow~, -l\1D, l'.S.A -. ·

. · ·. :. . .

Pump Types
.'..···• • · General Service • .· Vertical . . .
e Staze
• · . Sinale e Process· • Sub~ersible
• • Sealless . · • :Rotary
• · Solids Handling . • Reciprocating
 ~~~,~-~-----··---
. . . . . . :·

CAMERON
HYDRAULiC DATA·

Preface to the Eighteenth Edit on (2nd Printing)

The Cameron Hydraulic Data Book is an In ersoll-Dresser Pumps .
publication and, as in the previous seventeen editions, is published as an
aid ~o engineers invol~ed with the selection a1d application of pumping
equipment. ,/ .
The eighteenth edition includes a Pump Selection Guide (Section 11)
which matches the comprehensive worldwide;roduct line of . ·
Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps with a sampling of ajor markets served. This
selection matrix helps the user determine which pump types are generally
applied to various fluid pumping applications .. In addition, improvements
were made in the seamless w~ought steel pip~ section (p~ges. 7-8 throug~ 7-
12) to address allowable working pressures ull> to 650° F m accordance with
 . i•,
.,
_4C·_

<·--·
,.....•
~

•
<••
. - ..". ,·. . . · . ,. ·,. ' ..
'
- =~· .
~-.-Ii·
.;..·~
.~ . .
&! .

- · · DISCLAIMER · ;J. •

This pu?licaticin_is design~d ~o provide a compilation of t~chnical . · C '~

-~:.~.- -~i:.;~.i:.!::. a~.;.~.~:..f~:.

tf -1:":~.;~:.;~ . ~~.·.-.:;~:h·~~. ;o:~.:~n.:s:.-:u.a--~ . -1-i.0-
·.· -~g.d:r··t·
·. Pumps 1s .not herein engaging 1n the design of machinery or systems . . ·. . ·

•
.· no:r in the rendering of technical servicesoradvice ... '. ,. : .· . .
·•· .

·.Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps makes norepresentations or wkrranties .

. withrespect to the completeness or accuracy.of-the data or informa-
 .··;,. .
'l
,

..... ·
I) lngersoll•D~ess~rPumps · · Car1eron Hydraulic Data
,.!...
,.: v . ·

,,• SECTION
.. ' Contents

,.'·\'· ·
•....
e,·
)
Hydraulic principles · .
II
e:
I

••
.
, Selected formulas and equivalents ..
E
')·.·
'··;.)'·.,.· Friction data
Water
~ ~
. Paper stock
.
,,.)
r

Viscous liquids . Fittings

,.)·
•.=~-·.·~ -
Liquids-> miscellaneous data · : · .
·).·.·
,.)· . Density-· specific .gravity-c-vapor press
Viscosity etc. · .:
e
:-.
. .

Stearrr-da ta~::~.:.;:.~:;;.~ ..~:::: ·:;..·::·:.: .:.. ::. : :.: ;: . ; .. .. : ::: ; . .: : .. : : . : .. .. : · B

,.\·
';

·/·.
•. ·.'·.·1. .
.

E.le.
. '
ctri cal d·a.ta· .. . ~
. . . . . a· I

··I;
. . ' . ·, . ~. • ••-.
-~
rt'
....-•
~

•~••
••
.

··.·.·~···
-~.(
·.·-c-
··.·~··
.. f•

•••s
;.l·.···l.,,.)).·
. . ,. - ..

.··
 .\,.
.:.,
. '

r.
··- ·-·
..

,)=~
·. .

..

•··~., II
.,•:
., •·:
'
I

.SECTION 1
\

,__

:·.j
..
. J

,
..
'!

..
- HYDRAULl cs ....

:;ftJ . .
)
.

Yi
l , .

.:':~
' •

. .. ..
.

/
.\. ..
.. I

tf.))
·.
. .

'I}
 .,,.,•.
-·:.t~··
(

---1 )
.· ....

l~gel'S_.ll·Dresser Pumps ·-. C~memn Hydraulic Data

-·~-:
.. •· •.•• ,., ·~1~ ::''";:;:-' • •. "-. - · ••

·CONTENTS OF SECTION l

.;
Hydraulics · .
· pa_·ge
. . .·

Introduction ·. · · · 1-3
Liquids : ' ' ''' . ·: ' '
1~3 .·
' .·•
._.· .~·.

;~~;~~ : . : : : : : : : :: .: : : : : : : : :: : : :
Liquid Flow . ~.-.·~ · ....... . ..• ; · 1-4 .· ·. u.

Volume-> System Head C~lculatioi;is~SuciioriH~ad .. , , .. 1-6, .1°'7 ·

-, . . ~ : . : : : .: : : :: : ~ : .• . . . . . ---~~

· · ·
. Suction Lift ~.Total Discharge Head-·· Velocity H~ad ... . . . ·. ~ 1~7, 1 -B . )·· a.•!
· ThtalSys.Head~Pump Head~-Pressure;Spec; Gravity 1~9, 1-10 · .: · .· 15··
<'.
1
Net Positive S~ction Head • ~ .· ; . . . 1-11 . • ..
NPSH-S{ictionHe~d-Lift; EJ1:arii!)Ies: . , . . . . . , . Hl, to1-16 . '
NPSH---Hydro-Carbon Corrections •. •· ; ·:. ~ ; · 1~1.6 ·. .·: •
·. NPSH-···R~cipro~atingPumps : • l-17·. · · •.

s. : :
Acceleration Head=-Reciprocating.Pumps .· : - HS .· · :, (
Entrance Losses= Specific Speed : : ....• : .. ·.· H9 !' •
· SpeciI~Speea-·Impelle~ < . ~ . ·. ; : •· .. : ; .. : · ; . FI9~··.•--~~-
· .•
Specific Speed-. Suction , , >. . . . . . . :.· . ; . . . . ~ ; -, . . . . . . ~ ·. 1-20, l" 2r .
 ·) .
t.·--·· ;. Hydraulics

f ,,,:

'
''

II
Introduction

The following outline is' offered for those who have a basic
understanding and knowledge ·of hydi aulic and fluid dynamic
principles, but who.~ould ~ea co?vei:D-e~referen. ce ~o variou.s items
that must be taken into consideration in e commercial selection and
application of pumping equipment. If. m re detailed information is
desired, or to. investigate .the subject in greater depth, reference is
suggested to the many. Textbooks, Tee . ical Papers, Engineering
Handbooks, Standards and Manuals that· re available, some of which
are listed
. . ~
in Bibliography at the conclusior
.
. of this section. (Page 1-53)

Liquids .

Hydraulics is· concerned with the beha ior of liquids at rest and in
motion. A· Iiquidhas a definite volume a contrasted to a· gas which
will expand or contract depending on c anges in temperature and
pressure.

Liquids are said to be "practically" inc mpressible. This is true for

. most considerations at low pressures but at higher pressures and as
temperatures varYi_ there will be chari e -in density which must be ·--
taken into account. ·
 ....... ' ..... :.:. ·-~·· ·~

I) Ingersoll-Dresser
...
. ' .
.Pumps . · . Cameron Hydraulic Data .
. ·. . . · ..

Fig'. No. l · .·

.Referenceis made toFigureLillustrating diagrammaticallyasim- .

. . . . ple centrifugal pump; .here it will be observed that in its simplest .
·. form a centrifugal p~rnp consists of an impeller rotating within a.
casing. Liquid directed int6 .the center. of. the rotating impeller i~ .
. pickedup bythe.impeller.vanes and accelerated' to ahigh.velocityby _ .·
-. the rotation. of the impeller and discharged by centrifugal force in to.
the casing and outthe discharge. ·When the Iiquidin the impeller is
forced away from the center of .the-impeller a
reduced pressure is .
· _ ··produced and consequently more liquid flows .forward.. Therefore a
· . steady.flowthroughthe impelleris.producedunless something hap-.
pens to break the .vacuum ~t the .inlet or disrupt the. flow to the
center of the impeller ;or unless the flow .atthe discharge is restricted
 Hydraulics
I
factors can be expressed in terms of a d rnensionless number called
the Reynolds number R where:

R. VD
v II
V =Average velocity-ft/sec
. D =Average internal diameter-ft
v - Kinematic viscosity of the fluid-rn2/sec (For pure fresh water
at ·so°F u = 0.000 01216 ft2/sec) ]· . · . ·. · .'

. For values of R less than approximat ly2000 the flow is laminar

(viscous_); i.~.,particles of ~he liquid follow separate non-intersecting
paths with little or no eddying or turbulence. . . · . .

When R is above 4000 turbulent flow is considered to exist. ·

. · Values of R between 2000 and 4000 are in the critical zone where
· the flow is· generally considered to be t~rbulent for the purpose of
friction loss or pressure drop calculatidns; this gives safe results
because the friction loss is higher for tur~ulent flow than for laminar
(viscous)
.
flow.
.. . . .

. Viscosity ·
 .(.
I J lng•~soll·~l'es~erftumps · · · Ca~eron Hydraulic :Qata, .:i
~- - ------· -"-'\
:e'
.-· --· -··---- --·

.• . A ~iqu~d. is said to be "dilatant" if the viscosity incre~ses as .

••.,.
·. ~git~tion is increase~ at constant temperature: examples of "dilatant" ~,
Iiquids are clay slurries and candy compounds. -•

·. Pumping · }

-··:•
. . . -

To m~ve a liquid against .gravity or to force. it into a pressure

·-.):·:'
vessel, or to .• provide enough .head.. or pressure head, to overcome pipe .·
.friction and other resistance, work must be expended. The. type of
pump· to be considered for anY application is· normally a financial
·decision .. Technically, centrifugal: and 'reciprocating pumps· can 'both .
perform -. -riearly .any .service . fuiictiorl.''But:Jarge•f1ow. 'applications . &!)
.require .such a-Iarge reciprocating-pump thatitis cost prohibitive ... '
. Normally such applications are better handled by centrifugal pumps. . -:·.!:
As a general rule, reciprocating pumps are best suited for low flows.
· · and high pressures .. · •· · · · · · · · · .-·._.
•c
·;~··· .
\

· ..•.. :No matter whattype of pump is used, norwhatservice is required

of a pump, all
forms of energy -imparted to the liquid both on the
t ~-
suction and discharge • . sides+in performingjthis. service must .be
accountedforin establishing the duty to be performed. .

. ' In ·ceritrifugal pump applications in order.·.that. ~ll these: -fOI'IllS or'•

energy may be algebraically added it is customary to express them all '
'l:•·c·
. 11
 ~~~~·-------··---~.- - -·-

.· Hydraulics

I
System head calculations

The total head (H) - formerly called "total dynamic head" - for
a specific system is equal to the total di charge head (ha) minus the · ·
total suction head (h.) or plus the totals ction lift. ·

It is recommended that total head cal ulations for the suction side
be listed separately from those for the · scharge side to help avoid
the possibility of overlooking a troubleso e suction condition.

In this discussion the terms suction head and suction lift (or the
equivalent of a lift) are discussed sepa ately to help visualize the
1

suction condition that may exist.

Suction head · ·

Suction head (h.) exists wh~n the liq id supply level is above' the
pump centerline or impeller eye. The to al suction head isequal to
the static height or static submergencei feet that the liquid supply .
level is above the pump centerline 1 ss all suction line losses
including . entrance loss plus any pre sure (a vacuum · as in a
condenser hotwell being a negative pres ure) existing at the ·suction
supply source. Caution - even when th~ liquid supply level is above
the pump centerline the .equivalent of~. lift will exist if the. total
suction . line _ losses (and vacuum . effect) exceed the positive static
 is equal to the.staticliftin feet plusallfriction losses in the suction
· line including entranceloss. '. · ·

. When the llquid .· supply level or suction source is above· the pump ·
. · centerline orjmpeller eye and under a "Vacuum, as ·in a condenser · ·
. hotwell, the equivalent of a suctionlift Win exist which Will be equal
to the. vacuum
' .
effect in feet
,: . ~
less.- . the net
'· .::
submergence.
.
. .,

. On an e:iistirlgi:ns.t~lla.tion the total suction .lift is the reading of.a

. mercury column or vacuum gage at the suction flangeconverted to .
. · ·feet of liquid and corrected.tothe pump centerlineelevation minus· .
· thevelocity head in feetofliquidat point ofgage .attachment, · .

·. 'fot~l discha~ge head (hd)-+is ·the sum of: (l) Static discharge .head.
· .·. (2)AU piping arid .• friction losses on discharge side including straight· -.
· runs of pipe, 'losses at allvalves, fittings, strainers, control valves; .·
· .· ·. · etc~ ( 3) Pressure; in discharge · chamber (if a. closed vessel) .. · ( 4) Losses ·
·at sudden: enla.rgem~nts-:(·as .in acondenserwater box) .. (5)Exit'loss.
. at Iiquid.dischargeIusually assumeclto be equal to one velocity.head .
. . atdischarge velodty}(6).Plus any loss factors that experience indi-
. ·. cates may be desirable". : •: · .

· On an existinginstallation total dischargehead would bethe read-

. . ing of a pressure gage at th,e discharge flange 'converted to feet of .
 Hydraulics
The velocity head energy component i used in system head calcu-
lations as a basis for establishing entr nee losses, losses in valves

II
and fittings, losses at other sudden enla gements and exit losses by
applying the appropriate resistance coe ficient K to the V2/2g term
(see page 3-110). ·

In system head calculations for high h ad pumps the velocity head

will be but a small percentage of the tot head and is not significant.
However, in low head pumps it can be a substantial percentage and
must be considered.

When total heads on an existing insta ation are being determined

from gage readings then the velocity he d values as calculated must
. be included; Le. the t~t~l suction lift wil be the reading of a vacuum
-. gage ormercury column at the suction flange, corrected to the pump · ·
'centerline elevation minus the velocity tjead at point of gage attach-
men~. The total suction head and total[ dis.charge head will be ~he

=
readings of gages at the flanges corrected to the pump centerline
elevatiori plus the velocity heads the tnts of.gage atta~ments.

T?tal system head ( H ~ - formerly total ld.ynarmc head-. is t~e. total

discharge head (hd) minus the total suction head (h5) if positive or
· plus if a suction lift: H == hd - 'h, (head) or H == hd + h, (lift). (Note:
For typical suction head calculation, s e examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
 •. /

I) Ingersoll-Dresser P~mps ·. · Cameron Hjdf aulic Data · · · -.:-:;

·~·••
.•
-·
.. ·
. ..., - ... :. ···- -- ~ ·--· ~- ~ ....

Head i~ feet x sp gr
Pressure in psi ..... ------,.....,..-----....::;--;=-,-
2.31 .
1•
~•·
·or _
. -Pressure in psi= lleadi;!~et xW·.
·t•,:
.•
.

Where .W-, *Specific weight in-pounds percubic .foot of liquid

· · being pumped underpumping conditions; ForWater W . · 62.:32 · ·
•••• -
....)
...
.
lbpercuft~t 68 degrees F (20?C). · .· · · · · · · -.' .

Acoluillil of water 2.31 ft.high will e~~rta pressure of one (1 l psi .

,,...,
.• l
_ based op waterat approximatelyGfi'<F;" . . . .

· .c.•:j.
.. .: .

. · Figures i.and. a are. included to: help ~stlalize the head-pressure >:
·relationship-~ of.centrifugal PUil1PS when handlingliquids of varying.

..,,
. ; ·· ... -.. .~

specific gravities. . : • . . ·· . . . : . . ·. . . . . . · ..· . · ... · · ~

to
'. · tr:: . . ,

Fig. 2 'illustrates three · iclentical .pumps; eachpump designed. .·· ..

. develop.ii5;5ft. ofhead: when pumping water with a specificgravity : . ·~ )

of i.o (at 6$°F) ·the pressure head willbe 50 psi (1J5.5_ ft divided .by · ·tla
· 2.31 );."When 'pumpingliquids ofother gravities.ithe head (in feet) Win
he the same; but thepressure head (psi) will be proportional.to the ·:1.·
....
specific gravities as showrn.to ~void errors, itisadvisabletocheck .: ·
..
.. . . ..

·9·
'

. one's calculations by using the aboveformulas. . . .

-=-·
 ~~-r
-
-·
- ------.
=--~· I
I
H=l65f t
I
II
II

H=96ft I

l
I
I
t ~ --------l--P-<•
. ·-
--· - 50psi 50psi

sp gr=l.2 sp gr= 1.0 sp gr= .70

Fig. 3 Pressure-headj-elattonship of p~mpsde ivering sa'me pressure handling
liquids of differing specific gravity.

Figure 3 illustrates three pumps, eafh designed to develop the

s~m.e p~essu.re head. (in ~si);. conse_quent~y.
the h~ad (in feet of liquid)
will be inversely proportional to the specific gravity as shown..
. .

In these illustrations friction losses, e ., have been disregarded.

. · rl .I 1ng.ersoU-Dresser. Pump·s. .· .· Carnero~
·i·
·< .•. '•
. .

·where:
·.. ·:

-
. . .. ..~ : ,
Hyari:n1lic D.ata
.. , ··-···· - ..

.. ..
,.,.,

..;. ..
.. , .. -.'.

··-' :.. .•·...

.· ··.··. · ·--···-·····-··:·~··......

·--
. . .
-~--- -
.
"'·~···
.
---~
..:--.·······

.,.,,. ---
·;-:· .. ·····,··-··--·--·--··

e- - -
.
• '·
··1
.......
t . '\

h, = absolute pressure (in feet of theliquid being pumped) on the

surface of the liquid supply· level (this will be barometric
pressure if suction is from an open tank or. sump; or the
· absolute pressure existing in a closed tank such as a con-
. denser.hotwellor deareator).
hvpa _ The headin feet corresponding to th.e vapor pressure of the .
liquid atthe temperature being pumped. . . . . .
hst ·==.Static height, in feet that.the liquid supply level isabove or '
· ·. . -: · . below the pump centerline or.impeller eye. · . · . · .•.. · .' . . ·.
. · h., =All suction linelosses (in feetj.including entrancelosses and
. ·friction .losses through pipe, ·valves .and fittings, etc .: ·

"Two value's of. net . positive' suction head must be considered; i.e ...
/Net Positive Suction Head 'Required (NPSHR) .and NetPositive
· · SuctionHead Available CN.l)SHA)~ · · · ·

. The N.PSHR is determined by the pump manufacturer and will

· ·. 'depend on · · •many factors including: type ·.of Impeller inlet, impeller -
design, pump flow, rotational speed, .n~ture of liquid, etc. NPSHR is
- usually plotted on the characteristic pump perf ormance curve sup-
. plied by the pump manufacturer. The .Net Positive Suction Head
. Available (NP SHA.) depends on the system layout and must always
· . be equal to or greate~tli~ntheNPSHR. -!. · . . · . ,~:-:t7f:~ . .
 --4-----------~ "Hydraulics

Atmospheric
Pressure
++++++ I
68°F
_} ~ Water
Fig. 4. (Example No 1)
.. ,/ ~ ,' I ; , •, (

· Example No 1(Fig4)
-:. ...~ -~--··--- ~~
?_?:_~ _sy~t~m)source below._pump; 68°[~ water at sea level. ~tm?-
spheric pressures 14.696 psia, 33.96 ft abs. Vapor pressure of liquid
0.339 psia = 0.7_83 ft abs. ..J:; ~Ii ·
r.:· -~ ':·
, . .• ' . '.!
. r'1 ~ .; .: \ ·.·<JI•'' . / /. ·I 111•
r~;·t'· I

NPSHA = .33.96.: - o. 783 - 10.00 - 2.9 = 20.26 ft

· Suction Lift= 10.00 · + 2.92 = 12.92 ft-·this is to be added to dis-

charge head to obtain total head. _

Note: No p~mp can.actually liftwate~ on the s1;1ction side. In this

case, water rs forced m by an excess of trnosphenc pressure over the
vapor pressure less 12.92 ft net static lif :
•• •
· - ' • • • I ' ~

Example No 2 (Fig 5) .
 . . . .. . . . . . . . ..

Suction Head-10.00 ~ :2.92-== 7.08ft-·-this istobe subtracted from: .

. discharge head to obtain total head ... ·
At mosoheric
Pre.ssure
•• t .• l •
-·- --
--··--·

-·
- -
212 ° F - ~ - -- --~
Water -. · -:..:-_-
- •
--r.·
j • • '

10 ft.
•

.· t· · . · -. ·, .
.
.
..
'.".
'.
....
. .
'. .· .... ·.
< •.••••...• ·.• .. -,
·. '

·. · .·. Fig. 6 (Example 3) · · .

. : .. .·.· ....
·. . ·, . . . . . .

· Example No. 3 (fig. 6)

· · ·.· Open system, source above pump; 212.•0.F .water at sea level; vapor .
. pressure same as atmospheric sinceliquid.at boiling point. At 212QF,
·. the vapor pressure of water->-in .feet of 212°F water=-is 35~38 ft .
. · ( 14.696 x 144 + 59.81 . '35.38). .: ,•' ' '
. NPSHA == 3S.38 - 35.38 + )0;00 ~ 2.. 92 7.08 ft .. In this case, at~
mospheriepressure- does-not ~Eldte NPSHA since it is required-to.
keep
.
the water in liquid phase.
' . . .
· · . . . . . ' ' ·'
 ~~~-----·
· Hydraulics

Example No 4 (Fig 7).

I
Clo~ed . system :.(under pressure as a f ed water deareator] source
above pump. -·· · . ·
350°F water V.P. = 134.60 psia = 348. 7 ft abs (at 350°F sp gr =
0.8904 ).

NPSHA = 348.67 - 348.67 + 10.00 - 2 92 == 7.08 ft.

SuctlonHead=- (Figure basis gage pressls; i.e., 119.91 psig = 310.61
ft)== 310.61 + 10.00 .; 2.92 == 317.69 ft-This is to be subtracted
from the discharge head to obtain total kystem head. It is important
to note that while the suction head isf 317.69 ft (122.67 .psig) .the
NPSHA is still only 7.08 ft .. ·

Example No 5 (Fig 8 )-. Closed system ( nder vacuum as a condenser

hotwell) liquid source above pump. A solute pressure (ha) == 1.50"
Hg X 1.1349 . 1'.70 ft. Water at satura ion point 91.72°F; therefore

..
•··1:

•:.:.i
[:" ) ;
··.'" .
NPSHA = 1.70 - 1.70 + 10.00 - 2.92 t
vapor pressure (hvpa) = 1.50" Hg X 1.1349 = 1. 70 ft.

7.08 ft.

:
I
\'
;.!- - - - ~ - .Suction .Condition =-ln-this-example_tlJ'.e_s.uction_condition_(heacL or_
).'; lift) for the pump can best be visualiz d by the calculations listed
below where it can be seen that we ha e a suction lift equal to the
-, 1
 ·:.· _ . :' : :_

Cameron Hydraulic
·- :·· . . ,.
Data - .. .
:·· " .. ; . .. . ·-· .. " ··- : -.-··-··:··~·-~.-·······: .· .. :

28.42" Hg v acuunc;:·2s.42 x i.1349 · . 32.25 ft

Static submergence . . . . 10.00 ft
· Friction and . entrance loss · - 2.95 ft:
. ·. .
. . .

· Net static submergence . 7.Q8ft '. ,.- 7.08 ft

Equivalent suction· lift == vacuum .
. effect less net submergence 25.17ft

In this example it is noted that the NPSHAis equal to the static.

'suction.head less the frictionandentrance.Iosses. Alsotheequivalent . ', ·.
suction .Iift mustbe added to the total discharge head to obtain the .
. total system head. ·•· · · .· · · · ·· -. ·

· In th~ . foregoing examples ", standard sea level attnbsphJdccond!~·

tions were assumedj for other 'locations where altitude is factor a .
propercorrections must be made. 'I'heseexamples. (3, 4 and~ 5) illlis-
. tratethatif the 'liquid .isin .equilibrium (vapor 'pressure corresponds
. . to saturation temperature) theri the NPSH is equal to the difference .
· ··in elevationbetween the liquid supplylevelandthe pumpcenterline .
. ·elevation (or impeller eyelIess thesumoftheentrance lossand·the .·
· friction 'losses in: the suction line. > · · -.. ·. .·. . · . .. · .· · · .

NPSHredtlctioris-hy4rocarbon liquids and hot water

. The NPSH req~irements of centrifugal pumps are norll1ally deter-
 ..

'Hydra uli cs

II
3. In the absence o( test data demon trating NPSH reductions
greater than ten feet the. chart has een limited to that extent · ·
and extrapolation beyond that point is not recommended;
4. Vapor pressure for the liquid sho ld be determined by the ·
bubble point method - do not use t e Reid vapor pressure.
5. Do not use the chart for liquids ha · entrained air or other
non-condensible gases which may e released as the absolute
pressure· is lowered at the entranc to the impeller, in which
case additional NPSH may be equired for satisfactory
'operation.
6. Iri the use of the chart for high temp rature liquids, particularly
· with . water,· due consideration must be given to the
. susceptibility of. the suction syste ·to transient . changes in
tem?~rature and: ·absol1:1te• p.res. s111~e which might req~ire
additional NPSH to provide a margin of safety, far exceeding
. ·. the reduction otherwise. permitted f r steady state operation ..

Subject to the .above limitations, whi , h should be reviewed with

the Manufacturer, the procedure .in usi' g the chart is. as follows:
Assume a pump which requires 16 fee*.PSH on cold water at the
design capacity is. to handle pure prop . · e at 55 Deg F which has a
vapor . pressure of approximately . too psia; the ·, chart. shows a
reduction of 9.5 feet which is greater than one half the cold water
I

NPSHR. Th.e corre. cted value oft.he N.PS~.:R] is one.half·· the cold water
NPSHR or 8 feet. Assume this same p~phas another application to
 . ~>:. . .;. . . ; -~· . -~ ._

.;
. - .-·I ..,~~lng_ersollatl)re5-~~rPumps•.· . Cameron HydraulicData .

quirement-is. termed "acceleration,head.'; ·This is the head re~cl~~d t~

. accelerate the liquid column on each suction stroke so that there will be
·.· . no separation of this column in the pump or suction line. . · .

-If this minimum cohditionis not met the pump Will experience a
fluid knock caused when the liquid column, which has a vapor space
between it and the plunger, , 'overtakes 'the receding plunger. 'I'his
', knock. occurs 'approximately two-thirds. of the way through the ·.suction ·
stroke. If sufficient.acceleration is provided.for the liquid to completely
. follow the . motion of the receding. face of the plunger, this knock
· · will disappear, . .. · ·. .

. If there is ·. iiisuffic!ent hEJaA to' meet Illiniillu!ll acceiiitation . · .·

. requirements of NPSH, the pump will experience cavitation, resulting .
. in loss ofvolumetric efficiency, Also, serious damage can occur· to the . . .: ·
plungers, 'pistons, valves and. packing due to .the .forces released in
. collapsing-the gas or vaporbubbles.: · . · . . .· . . .· · .

. .· . .: Acceleration he~d - r~cipr~catinit' pUrit;s • · .

. For iI1depth informatio!l on NPSll and Acceleration Head, see the ..

section entitled "Pulsatio!J. Analysis arid System Piping," . ·. . . . .
 Hydraulics

Entrance losses

Special mention is made of entrance oss considerations because

failure to appreciate and providefor this problem is one of the major
II
c.au~es of faulty. pump. ~e~ormance, pJa:ticularly when handling
Iiquids that are in equilibnum such as light hydrocarbons from a
vacuum tower or condensate from a con~enser hotwell.

· Refereilce to Figure 9 illustrates thai when tiling suction from

the bot.tom of a tow.er, or a sid. e. outletlfr.om a condenser hotwell,
sufficient static height (h) must be p ovided to . account for the
entrance loss and velocity head at po· t "A" phis any additional
submergence that may be required to prevent vortices from entering
·.the suction line. The submergence required to control vortices may be
.reduced by using suitable bafflesor othe anti-swirl devices. ·

Specific speed .·

.·In the intelligent consideration of ce trifugal pumps it is helpful

to have an understanding of specific spe d to determine if the pump
. design being proposed. is within certain established limits for the
. service conditions under which it will operate.

· In "specific. speed". terminology, ·. thle are two considerations:

'impeller (or discharge) specific speed · d suction specific speed .
 .:.·. .> . . ·:·.

.• ......

...4:·•
.
. '
:· . · .. :. ·., ..··• ::. ", . ·. - __ :... . ..
•·.·.· ;
_.i ......

;.i....>A
. · · Impeller specific speedis anindex as to the type ofimpeller whenthe
factors in the above formula correspond to its performance at optimum
. (orbest) efficiency point. It is a useful tool forthe Hydraulic Designer in
· . a:
. t..•-,,,

~:~'
. the.designing nfimpellersto meet varyingconditions of head; capacity

.;fi~1
'(and shape ·_of.·curve), suction conditionsand . . speed: Impellers.for . high
heads and Jaw net positive suction head required usually have .low
specific speeds,. whereas impellers for .low heads and high NPSHR !""."-
· · usually have. high specific speeds. Depending ()n the type of impeller,
can
.-(
. ·.·.

specific speeds range between 400 and 20,000 foricommercial

· designs, Acccirdingtp.sp~cificspe~dvalues,il!lpe1lers-·and pumps can be
····1
1 ·•

classified roughly as follows:'. . . . ' . . . ' ...

.: J.,.e,
- . . ..
... .· ·.. .- . ·..

.. ..
..· Below 400Q~Centrifu.galor.Radial type; .. ·.· . ':
Between4000 arid 9000-Mixed Flow; . ·
Above 9000-AxiaLFlo\V.•· -. · ·. · · . ······'"):
~
The charts and-illustrations included herewith e-- ·pages 1-47 and . ·.·.-.-~1a.'.1
. 1-48 -· · . show typical impeller types for various specific speed ranges; .
also the variations in h~ad-·.· · capacity performance characteristics for ...
. ,'i: ··~
·.··1,l
.•
·.·..
. various specific speed are illustrated;'. ·. . . . .

. Specific speed. is also very Valuable criterion i~ determining the

<~
t_·.,-.l'.:
.-~~ l -·'
permissible safe maximum suction lift or-the minimum net positive .

·f1~
suction head. ~-required for various,
. .. -
conditions. of'capacity, head. and speed.
' ·. . ' .'
·,_·{1 .._ ... I
 . Hydraulics

where

:: = ~=~s~:;~~ity at best effi4ency point for single suction

first stage impellers, or on] half the design capacity in
ll
gpm for double 'suction first stage impellers (at
maximum diameter). .
NPSHR = Net positive· suction head. required in feet (at best
. "efficiency point). ·. · I · . · · · ·.

f
By sel~cting reasonable value~ for S hich hav~ been dete~ned
by experience and can be considered 1conservative, the Engineer

certain~.!
must med in making a suction line Iayout can estimate what NPSH
must be provided to handle a (gpm); i.e. . .
· . . . (NPSHR)314 = rpm
' s' m . ·

NPSHR . (rpm S m y~
. Suction specific speeds (S) can range between 3000 and 20,000,
depe~~ng on ir~peller ·design, spee~, I c~pa~ity, nature of liquid,
conditions of service and degree of cavitltion. · ·
 l) lngerscll~Dresser Pumps .· . Cameron HydraulicData
._,;.
•.
·._· -. (

· !~~
submergence is a term used to relate liquid level to .the setting of a
--
..' : __ ,_._

1.:
. ·'···
· .vertical immersed wet pit type pump with a free air surface at the
·

·. liquid supply level. '.4'•-

In the . case of. a 'conventional hodzontal pump operating with. a
suction lift, or a large dry pit type. pump,. with a flooded suction,
some submergence orliquid level, in addition totlieNPSHR, may be
1••
11··•
1-re
necessaryto · preven t vortex .formation on the liquid supply surface I ..
,·:•
.._· a. .:.•·
.
. and thus preclude or retard the. possibility of air being drawn .i!lthe

...--..c-.
· pump suction intake.' The amount of submergence will depend to · ·
some. extent on the design of the suction intake; Le. a bell or cone ·. 41i·•
shaped entrance should requirelessthan a straight pipe intake ..". .'

.•. Intake design .-•·•· .

. • ·. . In addition to providing sufficientsubmergencefor vertical wet pit. ', · ....
. ·· . immersed pumps.it isimperativethat the sumpandintakestructurs .· . · . ·
· ·be of properproportions-c-and that pump arrangements be such as":
1
·. · ' · .•.
cf;
-~ ~- - -io-precltide--rineven-vek>ei-t-y-cl-i-s-t-1ihl:lti0n-s-in:. the-approaeh-tothe-pump- -· ~__,.--. -. ~
or around the suction bell. · . · · . · : •
1
. U~ev~nveioci~y ciiStributlons particularly when acCoIIlprurleclb); .·. _ -.i._l :..
c_
. . .·
· . · insufficientsubmergence can resultin.theIormation of vortices which: I
. will introduce air in the pump suction causing a reduction in Capac- •
. ity, unbalance andrough operationresultinginrapid deteriorationof · ·.2·; .·_
..·~.:)
'•,'
-,

·-.·
•··;.C

II
Vertical wet "pit pumps

··.~
....._, .
... •.
: ...
. ) . Referring to Figure 10 and using the p mp suction bell diameter"
( D ) as a reference:
··'·
'
1. Back wall distance to centerline of p mp is 0.75D.
2. Side wall distance to centerline of pu pis 1.00D.
3. Bottom clearance (approximate) is O.~OD.
4. Location of the intake screen can var depending on the partic-

minimum from inside face of screen tt

ular design, but usually should be 1in the range of 3D to 4D
centerline of pump,
5. Intake tunnel velocity should be less han 2 to 3 ft/sec,
6. No restrictions or sharp turns shou d occur less than 6D or 3
times the channel width in front df· the pump, whichever is
greater.
7. Provide water depthIsubmergence) ver the pump suction bell
in accordance with the "Capacity vs. ubmergence" chart-Fig ..
No.14. . . .
. "Check Manufacturer for dimensions.
--------..,--------------. -
:. o ~ o, .0 •' O. • 6 ·•• o. • · • -: C'1
. ·I
. ..··~ . ·-.; ·- ; '• .- . •. . ':'

.•
~·· 1-gerSoll·bresser P~mps . · Cameron Hydraµlk bata tf-f~
. ... . J(J:··
I . ·i...
so
I ...

tions one pump will not iriterfere hydraulically with the operation i;~
,._- ·
· of another. However, if this is not practical, as may be the case with 1 ••
small pumps, a number of units can be installed in a single large. :~. •_ --·.

-~··•
.
. sump provided that: . .. · ' . :IJ_e
{

· 1. They are located in a line running perpendicular to the ap-

proachingflow. . . · ·.• · ,_ · · · ·. · · • . · •. · . · . _· . · . · . · -~
2 Minimum spacingofzl) is provided between PUlI1P centerlines,
I·•
.·.r.-...· .
e.

i
·• 3. BackwaH clearance, bottom clearanceand submergence' same as
. . . for single pumps: ,' . . . . . .. . .
..
:'.
-..•'... ··.
;,._ ~
.: 4. All pumps .are.running. e •• . , . . ... •· . •

5. The up-stream conditions should provide uniformflow to the

suction bells (avoid turns): . -. · · .: · . · ·. . • . · · · ·· . ·
. . ·fr"·
~.. '• .•. .,._- ·:.,
f.. ..,,

1.>._· •

6. Each pump capacityis less than ~5,G°OO gpm,

., _,. .

When individual pumpbays are' provided use dimensionsfor.a ·~r

•··· . . .. -i_~ ·-~···· . .
. single pump inaccordancewith Fig:lO; pa~ i~23. · ~'.
'"

t
.

..·ir;c-)
•.

8ii:
Turni:µg vane intake assemblies
Structural costsca~ sometimes be reduceclby employing a turning
vane assembly below the suction bell entrance to achieve a suitable '. ·. ·
J .· .
. l .' .
flow pattern as illustrated in Fig. 11. This arrangement normally · ··:_~_· .... _1

. . requires adeeper .sumpbut the width (W) may be reduced to L50D

.i ""1·
; ··
 ·Hydraulics _

I! .
Side intake-dry pit pumps
-. The following guidelines are offered fo typical dry pit type pump
arrangements as illustratedin Fig. 12 for a horizontal pump and Fig.
13 for a vertical centrifugal or scroll c ise type of pump. In these
illustrations dimension "D" is the diame er, or effective diameter, of
the suction intake fitting.
 . . .... . . . ~ .. ·

11_lng~~~~~-l~~~~ss~r Pump~_ .· . ~~meron Hy~~li~Bata·-~

4. sl1ction bays should be symmetrical With no turn- in the ap-

proach. With two or more pumps, separator walls extending for
a length of 6D and a height "S" should be provided between the.
intakes of each pump. > ·. · . · .' . -. . · .· · _·. ·•. . . ·. _·. '. .· . .,
·. 5. Minimum water level must always be ~bo:Ye the impeller eye.
When the level is below the top of the volute priming-is preferable.
6. Stop logs in 'thebay are preferred to a suction valve. If a butter-
. fly-valve isusedvstem should be horizontalfor horizontal double
suction pumps arid fully open when.running, • · · . . •. . -· . ·. · · . • . . · ·. · . '.
7~ Intake screens should be. placed.a minimum of 6D from the
· _.· pump inlet (D . diameter of.suctionintake fitting). ·

. Theabove sugge~tionsfof .alternative pump arrangements are of-

..••. .
fered' as .general guidelines and'should not.be considered as Optinlum~
Analysisand design ofintake structures.andarrangement of pumps

.•
. -.; .

should only be made ori.the basis of .experience together With. model '~
. ·. and field testing. · If new or questionable arrang~ment~ . are . being . . '·. . . .
..
'. '~
.

·proposed, model tests shottld be conducted. In most cases it is. desir- ,.

'able to have the Manufacturer's comments before finalizing a design. ·

•:
.- ·o···i ._·1...
Work performed in pumping - hor epower

The work performed in pumping or · oving a liquid. depends on

the weight of the liquid being handled · a given time· against the
1·
total head (in feet of liquid) or differe tial pressure (in psi) being
developed.

Since one horsepower equals 33,000 i lb per minute the useful or

theoretical horsepower ·(usually called the 'hydraulic horsepower -
hydhp ) will equal: . . .· I . . · . .
Hyd h = lb of liquid per m·nute X H·(in feet)
. p. . 33 000 . . . .
The actual or brake horsepower (bh ) of a pump will· be greater
than the hyd hp by the amount oflosse incurred within the pump
throughfriction, leakage, etc .. The pum , efficiency will 'therefore be
equalto: · . . . . . .

fuil~ efficiency - · . h~~hp

. . p

or.·
Brake h = hyd h~ . ·
· . · · p . ·.· . pump efficienc
Since the · above expressions appl . to both centrifugal and
reciprocating types of pumps, horse. ower calculations can be
 · (·-
c
.·.
.: . •. ., lngersoH·DresserPumps
. . . . .
·Cam-eron-Hydraulic-· j)~ta ~/

•
"
•... .

In the above ~xpre~sions: •.

gpm ~e~ ~~lions per minute delivered (one gallon · 8.33 lb at 68 . . \ ~

bph · _ barrels (42 gallons) per hour '--delivered i ~·'.•

H __: total head in feet of liquid-differential · .j ~.>
psi =lbs per.sq.in=- differential . I _
·j -;·
•· Electrical hp input to.motor . · •·· · • pump bhi) . · .
motor efficiency . '.
•J
IC'
•

K\Vinputto rriot6r < pllmpbh~ ?<.0.7457.

.· · -. · · · . . . . '. · ·.·.· ". ·. ·. ·. '. motor efficiency .
. .)
W·
· If· a w/.riabl~ speed dev'icli is ijsed bet\.veen pump and driv~~ the~ ·.
overall efficiency win:·eqU.alP.l1mp eff X Motor. eff ><eff .ofvariable .· . · •. . .: •.
'I:
. sp;:!!:t~: above fotinulas it should be n0ted that it is important to .· . < · .· it;
... ·correct the Igpm) and (H) forJthe temperature being pumped; it'. . .. __ .; -'-·-
- - snoulo-a1so ·be-noted tllaf: more
power ·1s- requirea~fo~piimp~a given
weight of liquid hot against a .given pressure than will be required to . ·
pumpthesame weight of
liquidcold, ' . ·• .: •.. . . .•.. · •.
When handling some liquids and forwater at very-high pressures, .
. · . • .·
· .·.4f.
·
c: ii·· ·

the compressibility of the -liquid .may need to be considered as its 9ti

41.:
r,

· · density maychange .within the pump. · · . . . .

 Hydraulics

. Characteristic curves

II
Since the head (in feet of liquid) develop~d by a centrifugal pump is
independent of the specific gravity, wat r at normal temperatures
with a specific gravity of 1.000 is the liqui · almost universally used in
establishing centrifugal pump perlormanc characteristics. If the head
for a specific application is determined in feet, then the desired head
and capacity can be read without corre on as long as the viscosity
of the liquid is similar to that of water. T e horsepower curve, which
can
is basis specific gravity of 1.0, be used for liquids of other gravity
(if viscosity is similar to water) by mult~plying the horsepower for
water by the specific gravity of the liquid reing handled.. .

The hydraulic characteristics of centrif(,gal pumps usually permit

.considerable latitude in the range of op,rating conditions. Ideally, .
the design point and operating point sh9uld be maintained close to .
the best efficiency point (BEP); howeve~ substantial variations in .
flow either to the right (increasing) or to the left (decreasing) of the
-BEP- are-usually-permissible, However, o erating-back-on the-curve- - - -
at reduced flow, or at excessive run out m. y result in radial thrust, or
cavitationc.ausing d.amage and therefore.{he manufacturer should b-e
consulted when such co11ditionsmay exis . . · - _· · _ ·
' . . .- .
' . . .

Since a centrifugal pump is a machine which imparts velocity and

converts velocity to pressure, the flow a d head developed may be
 ·,.,_,
••.::
're·

. r.
'• ·--' ··• ·r~· - . . . .·.· ...

,' ', ''

...

.
. . . . .. · . . . .. : :

·. Forvariations in speed: (constant impeller diameter) ·

b
81 = Q1 = \/H1 ·&•,
. •· 82 . . Q2 .' · .·\1H2 ·;
··fi
··, (

i••~
il1..·--
: BHP1 813
J'•
.:.___ ·

BHP2·. ·s23

where
~i{l"·.
~--. ,·•
. . · D =Impeller diameters ininches -.
.: H·· -Headsirrfeet · -. ·. . . . '1 '

· · · Q. Capadtiesin_gpn1 · ·.~1·· ~'··.· .,

•J·._
Sr=Speedsinrpm . . . .· ,d •.
:.'·,'
· BHP . · Brakehorsepowers ·. ·
. . ~; =e'
mr·'

. ·lfltt'·~ c:
Note: . SubscHp~l.isfororigi~aldestgn c~nditions:; subscript 2is.fpr new.d~sigri. ·. ·-~·~
· . conditions, · · · · ·. · · · · ., · ·
' •, · .· . The above. .relationships are .kn~wn as the Affinity LalJ!S and are
·.offered in this te:x:t withthe understanding; their application willbe •.
· limited to centrifugal (radicaj flow) type pumps only, When other .· <~ .•

·....
'types such as axial; .mixed flow or propeller type areinvolved cbnsuh
the manufacturer for instructions. , · · ·

.,)
~;• ""iC·
~ ..
•

0 .·. ''
·;."-..: · ..
)
· These laws can be surilm~~iz~d·isf ollows: · . . ·~
.

:'ft .·2· . . ,. . , . )
-, .With variable speed~ the capacity varies dir~ctly .and the head . · :f: ' .· .l
.\-~I
•·>
~'' i . Hydraulics

·~,., l .
•••
~I

IJ
System curves
•

.... ; ,'• . A centrifugal pump always operates at the intersection of its head-
··:1
r .,
I·
· capacity curve and the system curve w ch shows the head required
•.
~·
to make the liquid flow through the syste of piping, valves, etc. The .
•. 'l head in a typical system is made up of th ee components: ·
_. .j
,.:Ii
.'
.,'\.
1. Static head
2. Pressure head
~~i 3. All losses; i.e. friction, entrance and
•·~:9 .:·
.1 To illustrate, take· a typical system s own in Fig. 15 where the
· total static head is 70 ft, the pressure head is 60 ft ( 2.31 X 26) and the

=-)
;
friction head through all pipe, valves, fittings, entrance and exit
losses is 18.9 ft at the design flow of 150 gpm; total system head at
.

design flow is 70 + 6Q + °18.9 . 148.9 ft.

=
°)' .
... · ',

'· In drawing the: system curve (see Fig. 16, page 1-32) the static
head will not change with flow so it is rep esented by the line AB; the
· pressure head will not change with flow so it is added to the static
.head and shown by the horizontal line C . The friction head through
a piping· system; however,· varies apprq ximately as· the square of
the flow, so the friction at ·500 gpm ·11 be ( 15ig0)2 X. 18.9 == 2.1 ft·
(Point E); likewise the friction at 1000 · pm will be 8.4 ft (Point F),
 . . .
- ... "'--· - -· ...--· -·-:..-- ---- ·--"T""··------·-_-- . . ·---·-'T'·--~·- _- -· -r--~...,......,..---r-~-r-----:----,..--_,.....__,

SYSTEM- CURVES·
. .: 200 i-----,..__,--->-I --+-----+---:~---t:-:-------,-t-------r----r----:~----r---__,,
. I
i

.· •·. 4 0 1-;.-__;,__,.---+-------'---+------+----'--'-'-+--+-;----'----l~-'-----'--~-'-------'t----:-:----+------'1
~--· . STArlc HEAD>.•
o~---~L........;..~~~___.~----L-.,..L.,.,--'--....;....J...,...--."-_;._,...._~_,___.._____.....__~ I
0 200 . 400 600 soo lOOO .. 1200 . 1400 • 1600
.··.·•. CAPACITY-0':..GPM .· · .

these d~termine··the.final curve ··CEFG~ In. Fig.16 the pump h~aa·.

capacity curve has been <superimposed on the system curve. Unless -.
something· is _done··.to change either the head capacity curve .• ;.._.·.or .the
. systeni curvev--: the pump will. operate at 1500 gpm (Point .G)
 Hydraulics

For parallel operation of two or more mmps the combined perfor-

mance curve is obtained by adding .horiz ntally the capacities of the
same heads.

For series operation the combined pe ormance curve is obtained

II
by adding vertically the heads at the sam capacities.

Since a centrifugal pump always opera es at the intersection of its

. H-Q curve with the system curve, superjirriposing the system curve
. on .the pump performance curve dearly .indicate~ w?at fl.ow can. be
expected and at what heads each pump or ts combination will operate.

· Fig. 17
.
illustrates
.. . . a two (2) pump . s ies-parallel operation; this
could be expanded to a three or more p mp combination if desired.
In this illustration a typical H-Q curve fo a single pump designed for .
. 1000 gpm at 60 ft head is shown; two umps in series Will deliver ·
· 1000 gpm at 120ft; ortwo pumps in par llel will deliver 2000 gpm at
60 ft; system curves have assumed asjshown. If 'the· pumps have
"run-out' capabilities"-(dotted portion -they will operate at the
intersection of the H-Q curves with the system curves. Note that in
·this·illustration the system curve is ba ed on the assumption that
1

there is 20 ft static head. · · · · ·

H-Q -TWO PUMPS IN S RIES~

--.' -1;l1n.gerJollaQr~$Se.1'.:.Pumps . ·. Cameron, Hydraulic-Data
.. ...;...,.~- -··. -·-·· --- ~-~· ~-- -- -~
Water hammer ·
In fluid flo-W, waterhammer can cause rupture and serious damage
· ·.to the entire piping system unless essential precautions are 'taken: in ·
· . the case of condenser circulating water systems.it can cause rupture :
and serious damage to the tube sheets andwater boxes." ·
. . .

·It is .the result of a rapid .increase in pressure which occurs in a

·. closedpiping system whenthe liquid velocity is suddenly changed by.· . ·
. sudden starting, stopping or change in speedof.a pump; or .sudden •
·• opening or closing of a. valve.which II1ay change theliquid velocityin .
· ... · the system,·· .

rfhis . increase; or. dyn~rnic .change in pressure, is •. the. resul t of. the .:
kinetic energy.of the moving mass of 'liquid beingtransforrned into· .
. . pressure. energy, . resulti:rl.g ·i11 : an . excessive pr~ssl1re rise which.· can .· .•
cause damage on either-the suctionor discharge side ofthe pump. .:

Water hammer may be controlled by. regulating val ve closure time, ·

surge chambersvreliefvalves or other means. · ·. · · · · ·

Water hamm~r Cll1~uiationsarequite ihvo)Ved,and It Is reco~-.

mended that specialized engineering services be employed in cases
where it may he Cl problem. For information, .on this subject the
•..: ; · .... Hydraulics

···-:
•·
Elements of Graphical Solution of W ter Hammer
Problems in Centrifugal Pump Syste · s-A. J. Stepanoff I
•
•.. !
Transactions of A.S.M.E. 71:515 (19 9)

•••1 Water Hammer Analysis-J. Parma

Prentice Hall Publication, New York

··:
'•. A
Reciprocating Pumps- Performance

·-:,j The pressure on a reciprocating pum is determined by the maxi-

•. d
. I .
mum allowable plunger load and the are of the plunger:

.·-.·.
... t.
Max, Psig = Max. Pl nger Load
.. , · Plurer area
'
......
· ... ;.:
The flow rate is determined by the area of the plunger, stroke

··."~·
.j.-
. length, the number of· plungers, the J,ump speed, and Volumetric
Efficiency;' · ·

...
.•. . 'Z.. .
~
GPM == ·Plunger Areax Stroke Len th x Number of Plungers
'. :

• ,·J
...,. . · . · x·RPM x Volum tric Efficiency·
:/-~ ~
. ) ·.
, ...
....·'' .
For .a given pump size with. stroke length, number of plungers,
maximum RPM and maximum plunge load are constant; the maxi-
-
 I~ lngel'soH·Dresser Pumps ··.· Cameron-Hydraulic-Data

F.H.P.

-( (GPM) (Disch. Press.)( 1 -'i _ )-_ ·_:(. -_•l_+ .Suet. Press)-, _'-J- --
_- - - _- - 1714 - - _ - -. - -_ -_ ME Disch. Press .: _- -
- - -

NOTE: - Pump mechanical efficiency decreases with a decrease in

- rodload.Co:r1su1tmanufacturerf6rva1Ues. · -

_ · _ - '. Reti:procating Pumps · -. _ - - _-

_·Pulsationf\nalys:i~ and _ SystemPiping · -
· - Reciprocating pumps produce _-flow variations which are· converted - -
- into fluid pressure pulsations by the piping· system. Dependent upon
- the design of the piping system this conversion can result iri exces- -
sive pressure pulsationsleading to piping vibration andfatigue fail- -
. ures, Ioss of fluid flow due to cavitation, or damage to pump coin po- - _-
-_ nents, However, the majority of the~e problems can be avoided if the -
· piping system: design incorporates pulsation analysis or evaluates
. the acoustic characteristics
. •. '.
of the piping system
. ..
.. - - - -
-
- -
.: Typically, reciprocating pump systems are designed and built fol-
- _ lowing standard industrypractices. However, theinteraction between _
- .- the flow variation of the pump andthe acoustic natural frequency of - - -
••••
•.......:~··.
r

· . Hydraulics
e.
·:.:_1 ·

· AOURE1 ~
FLOW VARIATI~N

••··\;. •.
•. i'
DIAGRAMS FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLEX RECIF 1ROCATING PUMPS SHOW

- -- I
·VARIATION AT ALL POINTS FOR 0 \IE REVOLUTION
--

=
':·'.'
'·
'
DUPLEX DOUBLE AcTING
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 24.1 %
VARIATION BELOW MEAN - 21 .5%
TOTAL VARIATION - 45.6%
I//
~-~

-... .......
v > <,
/
-
<,
rG<' ,;-
...-

I"- /
/
..
<,

/
:::::~

[>
... ,

... -
...........
~r

r-, /
A~~:

/
/
~
Zft. ~~

-
> -......
~f'"-

"<,
r';.·'".r

<, ......_/ /
t--.
.-~s,,,:

l> <,
/
,i':.l. ;~,:'

<,
<,
::::::,

r-,

.. ... . ....... .. ., . .,
N"7 ....
-;)P- .... ~- ·r
I/
.........

vv
I"-
'
<, I"-
>
/

v t> K
TRIPLEX
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 6.1 %
-: -, I"\ /
[>"
I"\ .
"'
VARIATION BELOW MEAN-16.9%
TOTAL VARIATION - 23.0% ./ I/ /

- -
·. -. .. .-,:·.i,,,;,:• , .,,
j2'. ~
~1+ lft'A..• ....~
~~~~'17
-,·,><•
~;;;'
"' ~'(r
-... ....... ,.._. ~
<,
v~ ~I'-. v
t> ~
.-;

> r-,
. QUADRUPLEX /
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN ....:. 11.0% I/ ~
r-, / v k r-, /
r-,
v/ ['.... i-..V v
/
VARIATION BELOW MEAN - 21.50/o v -"- .... v t> . i: ....... r-, / r-,
TOTAL VARIATION - 32.5% /

-
:
I ·-
i
-
t> I :::: r<
QUINTUPLEX :
:;:: > f< .......r-, :;:: '< <, _,.,,.
v
"e-
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 1.8% _,.,,. v
VARIATION BELOW MEAN .__ 5.3%
TOTAL VARIATION - 7.1% ~
/
<,
_,.,,. /
r-,
<,
./
e- --, I/ >v I'-
/
_,. > I'- v
..

- .. . -~· .. .-~·

SEXTUPLEX
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 4.8% ~ t--. >-
I'-
,.......
....... P'" ....... i..- P'" ........
- ....... i--
 . : . ' . . .

· • ·;;J.JngersoH·Dresser-Pumps CameronHydraulic Data

-···-·-·- .. -·---"'---------~~-:----~--:---:---:--------~-------
. . . ,· . :· ... ··; · · .. . .
1.5 ·0.10 · HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF
· DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 3 PLUNGER PUMP
·CRANK/ROD RATIO..= 1:5.00 DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 3 PLUNGER PUMP
CRANK/ROD RATIO 1 :5.00 .

,>'.: .: _-·. . ·.. v\ ...'. 1.',>.·.· -:.· . ·.· \ .·.

·.6.4%~.·.·~.
17.4~v· . ~
. \' ·,/ 5 0.05
0.5
\ I
'{TOTALVARIATION\.
. . \1 . \,'
·1'
·O.
.
:::;

I \ . 23.~o/a . ,' , I \
/ ' 1. \ ,'. '
I \ . I \ I · .\.
I \ :./ ·\ I ', .· .·
. : 0.00 ....,..+--4-"~,_;...Jl--l\l-1-'-...--Jhr'--1......-1'-"r-,---+~~'-+....;...-
·000-·· :100.- ·200· ··.300.:·· . .o 10 . 15 20
.. CRANK.ANGLE 10EGREES1 .: ORDER .

. ..
DYNAMIC FLOW FOR. A 4 PLUNGER PUMP
.1.5. 0.2 . . .. HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF... .. ·
--~ -,...- ·.·· ~ . Cf'IANKfFIOD RAT191 :5.00 . · .. . DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 4PLUNGER PUMP
. CRANK/ROD RATIO 1:5.00
~ ~
1.0 w
TOTAL VARIATION
. 32.(lo/o ... §
... ·0.1
!::

·~
...... ,;..i::::;:::;..,.;.....,,....,.....,,~;::t~r4-rin .• DOUiLE AC:TING
.. DUPLEJ. ·
. MAXIMUJll 124.1
MINH1tUM 71 I
..... .......,..._..-""'_._ ......................... .....,_._ ..................,.. '·'VAIUATION CS.!·

00 .1.-~~.--.--.--.--,~.--.--.-.--r-~-.:...-.:...--T-...-...-...--. · o.oo"'" '"'·+-+-1--1i-.-,5.....,.,.....-,.;.....\h'"'""'10,;........,-'1'---.--..-1.,..;54....;.......;...~-120

. 0 100 .. 200 300 ' . 400
: CRANK ANGLE ioeGREEsr · ORDER

• ? •.

·. HARMO~IC ANALYSIS OF ' ..

2 DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 6 PLUNGER PUMP . 0.84
. CRANK/ROD RATIO 1 :5.00 .. · DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 6 PLUNGER PUMP.
CRANK/flOD RATIO 1:5.00. ·.
~-0~~ · . ·· •..

TOTAL VARIATION 7 .5...0. W"

0
::>
'•1 5 0 . 82
..
· . .~
·: tlff~1-l1HHE-ID1
 Hydraulics
·the piping system coincides with one of hese excitation frequencies,
resona.nce will occur increasing pulsatio~I ~. plitudes drasti~ally.
Therefore, to prevent a resonant con ition, the acoustic natural ·
frequency of the piping system must be known. Typically, these Ire-
I
quen.cies will exh.:ibit. the heh. avio.r of e. it*er half or quarter-wave reso-
nances. Figure 3 illustrates the wave fo s of these resonances and
provides a simplified method. of calcula · g the acoustic natural Ire-
. quency. The velocity of sound, a, referenced in these formulae is a
fluid property dependent on the fluid temperature, pressure, viscos-
. ity, amount of entrained air, etc. 'Iypic iy values of acoustic velocity .
for same fluids are given in Table 1. For more precise values consult
.technical journals or test data..

HALF-WAVE RESONANCES QUARTER-WAVE RESONANCE

Pipes Closed at · . Pipes Open at · Pipes Open at One End .

Both Ends · Both Ends and Closed at the Other

f1.·J ::=::><:.· I f; -=:::::::: l

f2 D<:><8·' f3 c :>Cl
f3 CX:XXJ t5 CX: XJ
 Properties of Common Liquids
- . At 68 F and 14.Tpsia

Liquid Density, lb/ft3 - - Bulk Modulus Acoustic Velocity

' 106, lh/in2 ' ft/sec
Pure Water ., '62~3- ·318(s) 4865
r ' '

Seawater 63.9' 344 (s). -. 4~93'

.Benzene '54~8 , - - - 222 (s) '4324
- - · Methanol - 49.3 > -_- - l44fs) - - - -. 3678
Ethanol 49.3 -, '.
155(s) '. '3812
-.' - · Turpentine 54.2 - - 223(s) · ' 4363

At 68°Fand 20Qpsia ..
·. ·.. . ·. : .. '. : ..... . ·. ... · ... ·· . :
-_ Propan~ • -• ;' _30.8 ' - . >: . 25 (t) 200ff·2500- '
- .Isobutane - 35.0·-·_- .' - 4~ (t) 2200-2800' '
N-biitarte 35~8 ' .: _ .53(t) _-3io6~37oo
Note: The values listed are average.. For higher temperatures or -.- -
- pressures obtain
.
specific values,. . -·-- -
' .
- - -
.-·
- - ,.

_- t _-: 1~othermalbulk modulus_-.' '

 Hydraulics

II
transmit

attenuate ....._--t-...._ _
f1

B
QUARTER WAVE STUB . _fil·• .. · · . ·. L .· .·..·.··transmit
f ~ (2r'f - 1) c . . '
r - 4L ·. . ·· .

attenuate ..__-+-_.__ ____. _.____

c .· · . .. · · transmit
SURGE VOLUME
__r-Ld
· nc
fr == 2L .
~
. I• · I
.
L ... attenuate .___+- __ ___._ ......_ __.
. ·. I·.~.· l.nge~soll·DresserP11mps -- .CameronHydraulio Data

Lowfrequency pulsations (l-20 hz} are the mostdamaging, easily

discovered and can be attenuated by gas-filled bladder type dampen-
. · ers or .gas-charged volume devices · (Helmholtz Resonators Figure .
4a)~ Higher frequency pulsations (20-300 hz) on.the other hand are
harder todiscover and attenuate. Reduction of highfrequencypulsa-
tions usually require a sophisticated pulsation device, Helmholtz
Filter (figure 4d ). In addition, an acoustic analysis •using either .ana-
. log or.digital methods isrequired to identify-the 'problem frequencies .·
_· and determine the effectiveness .ofthe selected dampener. •

· . Net P!>~itiveSuctionHead(NPSil) .
·. NPSH available for reciprocating pumpsapplications is calculated .
. irt thesame manner as for -centrifugal pumps, except an additional
· . allowance must be: nuide for the reciprocating action ofthe pump and '
· theacoustic characteristics of the piping system. Typically, this addi-
or
.· tional requirement .is 'termed .·"acceleration head", . the 'pressure
required to .accelerate the liquid column on each stroke to prevent .
· separationof this column in the pump or suction piping. . . . ·· ·

.· . ·If there is insufficient suction pressure to meet the NPSH require-

ments of the pump, cavitation resulting in loss of volumetric' effi- '
ciency may occur. In addition serious damage may occur to plungers,
valves, packingvand 'other pump components due to the. force. re-" .
.-~>.
Hydraulics
•••
•••• hv:pa . vapor pressure of he fluid at pumping temper-

.•••
•••
\..
ature (psi)

hst =static pressure d veloped by column of fluid

above ( + ) or belo ( - ) the centerline of the suc-
I
••
~·
tion manifold (psi ;

••,,)• hfs =suction line loss ]psi) including entrance loss,

.. .' frictionloss, press~re drop across valves; filters,
•..:. , system componen s, etc .
ha= LVnCSG
. 2.31Kg .
( .· . . - .

. }L . length of su tion line (feet)

./ V =Fluid Veloci y in.suction line (fps)
· n =Pump Spee~(rpm)
·. c = Constant f~~ pump type
· == .200 for duplex single acting
== .115 duplex double acting
= .066 triplex ingle or double acting.
. ~040 Quintu lex single or double acting
= .028 septupl x single or double acting
== .022 nonupl x single or double acting
K ~ Theoretical I luid Factor representing the
. .·
,. ·,ge'
I~ lngersOH•Dl'es~erPumps ,-CameronHyafaulic Data.

TRAVELINGPULSATION WAVE
-·<'•••. (-:i' ';

:~•
~

'.•,
POSITIVE PRESSURE
i .•
i .•
NEGATIVE PULSE (BELOW LINE
PRESSURE)
•
!~:

1\l/1 ~ -·. .,.• . .,_- .•• --c ._,,

P;- ..... ·- .. -. .;.. -

·· · . .
•. .;

. ·. . .
--:

·.........
•. ·
I '( ....IJ ... · .
f 0• 0· •0 I . • . . .
,..,., ~ ·~o.ool
I 0
· ··
PULSE PASSES
-c-uaUIDVAPOR P~ESSURE .

VAPOR BUBBLES FORM AS NEGATIVE

::1 .· . ·. BUBB.LES COLLAPSE AFTER NEGATIV~

. . . .

. PRESSURE
.

PULSE PASSES.
.

. flt\
c-
.. . ' ' '
· .. ·:~·.,·~··· .• \

.· . .
: ... ..
.:· ;DISTANCi ALONGPIPE . • • • • ·1 :

. i.
. .. I

.' 1.,....
. . I . . .

. !.a,
· Fig. 5 Acoustic Pulse· Producing; Local Cavitation in Liquid Filled Pipe
···1.·c···. 1
I . .

·. ·1~l
; \ .··.. 1

.·.acoustics·.·. are ignored. ·These problems ire 'normally the result . of· . .· 1e.)
interaction between the flow variation characteristics of the pumps ..
. ., .
 · Hydraulics

___ l?s

----- -- -- -- -- ------- vp
;! \I \I \: 11
v v v \) v
= 0

If Pd> P5 - Pvp then cavitation will occur.

Ps = Static Pressure ·
. Pd = Dynamic Pulsations, 0-p
Pvp =Vapor Pressure

-------
t--t--,....--t---+--+-__._--+-- CAVITATION
SPIKES

. . .
....__ WHEN NEGATIVE PRESSURE PULSATI NS
EXCEED STATIC PRESSURE. CAVITATldN OCCURS
AND POSITIVE PRESSURE SPl.KES RESULT.
·.··I) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps .. Cameron.Hydraulic Data

.: · 1em With the average centrifugal pump driven by standard induction

or synchronous motors, but with certain applications such as with
. high specific speed pumps having high shut-off horsepower, or with
reduced voltage starting, motors with high pull-in torque .rriay be
·required.·

·Where centrifugal pumpsfn-the Iowto .medium specific· speed.

, range (under 3500 (are started with the discharge valve closed .the '
·. · minimum torque requirements at various speeds for this condition ·.: ·
<are calculated as follows:

.: . Determinethe rrtaximumhorsepowertequired· at ratedspeedun- .

. · dershut off conditions. Convertthis horsepowerto torque in (lb.ft.)
·byl1sing theformul~: >. · · · · · · · • · · · · ·

·Tinllb.ft.)·.· . · . ·525oxhp·· •.
. . . rpm.' .
-- - - . - ., .: ·:. ~ .. ~~. ~ ·-·<- >~ :. ". - '• ·-
Torque varies ~;sthe square of the speed ;therefore, too btain torque at:

% speed+-multiplyIull speed ~rqueby 0:563 .· . :

% speed=- multiplyfull speed torque by 0.250 .· .
· ~ speed-·multiplyfull
· speed torque by 0.063 .·· .·
' 78. sp~ed-. ' multiply full speed torqtiebyo.q16 '
 Hydraulics
wards. This complicates the speed ~orque calculation which should
be referred to the pump manufact,rer. ·

Although torque is a function of t e square of the speed in the case

. of centrifugal pumps, in the case of ositive displacement pumps the
torque is constant regardless of the speed, as long as the differential
discharge pressure remains unch ed. Therefore, a general rule is
'the starting torque required for reciprocating pumps is approximately
· 125% of full load· running torque w en starting under load, arid ap-
proximately · 25%· full load rl1nnin ·torque when starting without
load. ·

.· Engine drivers .
If reciprocating engine drivers: re .being considered the speed-
torque requirements of thepump must be checked against the speed
torque capabilities of the engine to arsure their compatibility. .
. . . . . . I ..

· - - - ~ - -Cautien must be-used in the selectfon-:-of-reciproc-ating-en-gi:ne-driv-· -

. ers because excessive cyclic stress~s may be superimposed on the
. pump shaft due to the periodic power impulses produced by each
· engine cylinder. 'I'hese cyclic pulses produce a torsional vibration
whose magnitude depends on the state of resonance of the entire
system;. this results. in. an increase if, the cyclic tensile loading of the
pump shaft. For these reasons the lllowable pump shaft horsepower
I u,
0
tso ~700, SINGLE, SljCT.,
9200
.·•'··s·.,i.:
. r;
.' ,.:···
.

....z >(~·
·'. ,_· .. , · .·

...u .140 ,·

. ·"
....
.....·,
.

, c;;.
-(.,
' 001--....;.;_..;___;,;~__;_~i----....,...--+~~
llJ
%

·60 ...............
.._.._.....,....._ ....... ..._~- .....--....
: >O . . 25
. . -50 - .75 · · . IOCf -: 150·
. . ~
.· . C·A_PACITY ·PER CEN-T, 'OF NORMAL

;ig~ 19· sh~\vi~g shape of typic~lh~ad-c~padty curves for various speciftc speeds.

.· .~. . .
·ct.,
~,:
a:

--""""""i.-.--.-...------------ ...
0
z
. .·IL 250,,.·---- ......
0 ·ooual.E .suer. ·
· ·· Ns :i $00
·. · . . ....
z. ··· 2 2.··aa.·. ·
•., '(
Ill
J. .....
~ , AOOO .
..,.

·4 . . !57.0·o SINGLE· suet

. ra:
. .. ·. I~ ---~~~-..,..--+...;......;:1111iir-
·•
5 . .: . s 2-0 o : - ·
........._.._.__.....,......~_,..-......-.--,-----t
. a:.
•.•..>,.
.
--)
\

. ·- ..
. .
·------·---- ..
..

,-•·,·
'
Hydraulics
.. ·
. .'

····,
··:~
•> '\

ll
''·>
•. > 1000
.I:

•
~
800 1./'
IJ
J''..·, 600
•.. ~· .
.
'
500

:)··i
'

400 - I
I/
I/
I
300
;.J· I ., )
··1
I
I I/
200 I
..
:)I
··:>. ~
i7

.. I
•
. .
I
II' ..

•T
.)'!
·\00
/
II

' ..... 80 ! .i v
::.:
.,•'.,.I·
w I /
L&J 60 I/
LL ~
50
I

z 40
I
"
-
I J
: IJ
'
I I
0 .
 : . • .:. ·••••..:.:.':· .••·-· • I ..

- ..;;·~;...; ..~~. ~•·••P-' · Gameron~!-~~_aulic Data

·..o .
........ __ ......_r-,-,...........,_--,,.---.,...;-.~~~..-i-...;,.-~.,..-..--~-"-,....~--~---,.--. 0
O'I
CX)
,.....
(o
L()

(Y) '

. C'\J

' .n
·O .. ·

°' .
(X)
r....: .
~·
1-+.+-~~~~~~~~,,,_~~~1-++-r--ir-~-r---,r-...--T-~----t LC)

~.;.+..~l.'--i-->.-~i-'-1~"-'-'+-lt.-'--~->.-l~~l--i~l--+,---t----..,...--t---~---t~

.~
0..
(.'.) .·
 Hydraulics
'°0

__ _,,......°'
r-T""""t'"""'llr-i~ ,..-----.---~-'------.--..-....--.----+--------,
......... ......
---<
__ _, 00

__
__

__
_, l.D
_,

_,
l()

...;:t"
II
__ _, (Y)

~I
·~

~s ~
__,__ _, N

0 __ _,
io
00 °'
00
II . ,...._
z l..O
~ci-t-"tt--l~+-3t-+~-.lo.l-l.,-lr~~_µ,,j.....\~-'--'-.,......+--.------.------I l()

N
::2:
0..
(.!)
<:
U')
0
...... ::>
 ·~ .. -~· ..:. --·· .

,Cameron. Hydraulic Data .· .

.. .. . . . .-.-- ····-··-······· . ·:·- .· ···.··: . . - ... . ..

. I,

. I/
·~
·'··,
•.,.:.
.:~l., .
. ,.: Hydraulics
,;!··
• .. :

)
BIBLIOGRAPHY

=·,j. 'i. The following references are among th se available if it is desired to

I
~.,_I,
investigate the subjects discussed herei in further detail:
. .
Crane Technical Paper Xo 410-Flo~· of Flui s through Valves, Fittings and Pipe.
Crane Company, Advertising Division. 300 P rk Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022
Crane .Iechnical Paper No. 410M-Metric E ition-SI Units is now available:
e:'.I. order from above address. 1 orders for Crane P pers must be prepaid J.

•:1 · Hydraulic Institute Standards and Engineer ng Data Book-Address: Hydraulic

Institute, 712 Lakewood Center North, Cl veland, Ohio 44107.

:11 The following are published by McGr w-Hill Inc.:

Baumeister and Marks-c--Standard Handboo for Mechanical Engineers.

,),
~:'.'
·.;!
.J Chow-Handbook ofApplied Hydrology.
: ),: Hicks-Standard Handbook Of .Engineering alculations.
' l '~ .
Kallen-Handbook of Instrumentation and·

! '.!
• . ·~ King and Brat er- Handbook of Hydraulics.

. .· .· · · .· • Merritt=-Standard
W;-+t-j-_:_- - - - - - - - -P--erry- EngineeringManual
Handbookfor CivilEngin ers.
-- ~__ _ _;___

i,.:
1:·:·;·· . · · · Streeter-Handb~u. k ·o~ F~lui~ Dyna~ics. ·. 7 · - - - - - - -- -- ·-- - - -- -- -- -- - -
·.·; Streeter and Wyhe-Flu1d Mechanics.
)i Urguhart-s-Civil Engineering Handbook.

:::
Karassik , Krutzsch, Fraser arid Messina-s-P mp Handbook.
Shames-Mechanics of Fluids.
. 'I';
 .. :.'."":··"'' " .:. .. ·. ..

.· ..

,. ' ..
. .
·.· ..

-> :' · ..
 _..,
.~':\

..

="9:·,.. - •. \

..
.

:,._:
.. ··' -

. ;-., '

:··,.
>

::·: I \

•:' E
I

-
I
SECTION 2
'

) ..

·-:~

:.'~ 'FORMULAS _1\ND

~ ~
,.:::··
)
..
.
EQUIVALENTS
: ·...

f,/
'
'•'
1-
'.

. ·.
.i . 1l
•
\ . ·.
. -., .' -:

.:.r.. .. ~

.
:·:./ .
-)
l .

::
-

..

. ) · ..
I
. 1 ·"J lllgersOll·Dresser PumPs · · Cameron Hydraulic Data

. . .

CONTENTS OF SECTION 2 . · .

. S~le~ted Formulas and Equivalents '. ·

. . .· . .·.
·.:·.·· ..... ·•Page·.
. · General.information on liquiqs ~: .-: .. · < . ·: ~ . ~ •.. 0 2~3 · :>
.· ·. . v« lu. rn. · . ·e· · . a·n.. d·.' weight. ·. e.· q·.uiv alents ~
. . . . . ·. .. . •. . - . ' : .
~· .
· . .• •..· ·.• . . . ' . . . ··•. . . . . ·. . . . ~-·.. .. . '.. · ~ . . . . ~ . .
. •. . -: ..
2 -·4· · ..

· ': •. H~~dand.
..
pressure equivalents
. .
. ~ .... , .... ~ .. ;· ....•.......•..•...
. . . . .
2~5 · ..

· . Flow equivalents .- ~ . ; : . •~ ·~·. ~ .: : .. ~ . / ~ . 2-·6 and 2-7 ·. · .

. Flow. through
.
orifices
. ..
and nozzi~~
.
. ·..:. ; -. .: .... · ....•..
. . . . . .
-.·. ; ... ; -: r. 2-s . ·
 For · I ulas and Equivalents

General--Information on Liquids
I~ this section the more ~ommonly use~ Formulas and Equivalents
are included for the convemence of the user. ·.
With references to Volume and Weigh Equivalents, the following
comments on temperature, specific gravit , and specific weight should
be of interest.
Temperature affects the characteristics of a liquid. For most liquids
E
an increase in temperature decreases · iscosity, · decreases specific
gravity and increases volume (see page 1 6). . ·
The Specific Gravity of a solid or· liq id is the ratio of the mass
of the body to the mass of an equal volu e of water at some selected
baseor standard temperature. Specific ravity of Water is usually"
1

given as 1.000 at 60°F (15.6°C). Howev r, 'in some cases, for con- ·
venience, it may be given as L 000 at 68° . (20°C); and in other cases
as 1.000 at· 39.2°F (4°C). which is its . oint of maximum density.
Based on using water having a specific .gravity of 1.000 at 39.2°F
(4°C) as a· reference point, water at 60°F (15.6°C) will have a specific
gravity of 0.9991, and 0.9983 at.68°F (20 C)-·therefore, for practical
applications which temperature (39.2°F 60°F or 68°F) is selected as
a base for reference makes little differe ce. At the present time the
base of 39.2°F (4°C) is commonly used by physicists, but the engineer
usually uses 60°F (15.6°C) or 68°F (20°C) s a base. For actual specific
I :.f Ing.·ersoll·Dr-sserPump._s . . . . .

Volume and Weight Eq-uivalents

0).
0
0 9> It)
(")
o 0
. .,.... . 0.
.It)
v
o.
...... 0
0) C") .
~ ·.~ .......
0)
0
...... .,.... C")
......
LC)
0 .,....
(") 0
v
LC). 0 -.0
0
....... 0
0 .o
0
LC) ci 0 ...... 0 c5

en v
:-0. (') ..
c: ,....,
::>
...
0
n,
0
0
0
.,..... .,....
g
-,
N

.·
~. ·
.
,' .
.._,.. CX) .·
M.·
LC) co .
·c,...._
o .·...- C\I I -.::t- •.
0 M LO ,
,(")
0.·
.0
0
CX)
C\I 0
.......
'·~
CX>. '+- ..
0 0
0 0 o· 0- .0 .O'> 0
· ..·.1 0 d 0 ·:0 T""-·.· 0 Q.:· ci
.
c:o ...
,.....;
. ,...
C) . en
....(1) v ·.·
CX)
. C") ,...._

-·-
0)
II) . •
·. en- ..... ...,:
It) co
v co.
.,.... ;- M O> 0
-&t)
. c ...... co M· .•. · 0 LO ,...._ .. 0
c: ' :J ~· U') 0
•. CO.
..
-.
0
0 v 0 C!
.!!
ca II .
(1). C") "It 0 . C\I ,..... ~ .·.ci. m .,....
.:>•·· <O
>
··-::I Cl).
&t)
::i : ,...._
O",...
wcwi
O' .• co.· . It) M
Q)
..... '
-~ .....
. .o a>'
CX) ,«<;t ~. ·. ..- 'M v
.EX. . 's: .
(0 . U')
o.o
.. , M 0 .; ti:> (')
::i Q) C") It) co. co LO..
er~ ·: C> .()~' M CO .: 0 M ,(')
a)
(.)
·Q; c ...- .,.... "l . O· 0 0•· o
3:: ,g ci 0 •c:) ,... a· -
a·.~
0
ci
c:
ra
woe:
.E-;.Q
cu . "'O. 1--,---+---+--+-----1r---"-+---+'---t---+----l----,-'--'-1 ., -~·. 02 .Q
c: n;
C)
.:
·r··· .. l
•.
·. ··,
... . .
·,.·,··
Form~las and Equivaletits

.
,·::1

.?"\
I

Head and Pressure Equiv

9> ·::-,· II) ,_
0)
II) ,_
co
O> 0)
0) v N (0 0 v
•. ' v-
co 0 (") 0 0 N
(0 0 ..- .CO 0 0
o ·m o
•
·l.
8 0
0 0 0
0
O·
d d ci d ci 0

0)
,_ ..,. (")
II) ,_ II) cc
0) -e- N (C co ~
eo 0 (") 0 (")

II
(0 0 .,.... co (') 0
0 0 0 0) 0 ~ 0
ci
c::) 0 0 .ci 0

cc
(") \0
0 \0 .-
.\0 0) en (") . II)
N
II) ,... cc co N
~· co
"":
g,_ g
0 al
.n
II) 0
....\0 ci ci ci ~
,_
<O
,....
(')
,_
\0

N
C7l
......,.
(') ,...
(')
0
. (C .,.... O> 0)
.M
~
-
0 (\I
0)
ai
I()
0)
....
8
c::i
N c::) . a:i
(\I
(\I

"...II)
...
Cl)
. 0,....
~-
g
.... 0
(") a;

..
; :::t M
I()
C':i .n .§
UI
en (') t") t")
t")
r::
0
en
....
Cl)
co
..,.., ~
~
II)

e,
·z~
(C
,.._ N ..,. .en
,_ ..m...
. (0
C\I CD
..,
CO·
C")
M
0 .... IC....
I()
I()

"C ,_: ci ,_: ..; ci C\i

c C\I 0
'Q"
.OI
C") ..,.
0 C\I
0 0
v
C'CS 8
s
"C 0

-..,..
-
C'CS
Cl) ,...;·
.
,...
U')
IC

::c: C\! M (") 0

. N 0 .n ll'i ,_
C\i ...
Ill

-
<') 0 C'll

... 8
.... 8
(") O>
0
ID
(U
 . .

l;) lllgersoH~~resSerP~mps - CameroilHyarauliC-Diita

'Flow Equivalents
(/)
a>
-ca '- ·>-
t O> <1> ca
ca N o, "O
ca~ .

co
0)
l!)
0) 0) EEEE
c, o, c. o,
(0. co C\.I (0
C"') co co. -...r 0 -...r (0 0 O> O)_C)_O)
C\.I C\.I (0 .' .· r--: 0) 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
.·o·.,.... .C"'). . . . C\.I . .,....
ci
0
.,....
·O 11•11
eo
II II
r-, &.h
.(0 0 0 C"')
Lt') co ;-- C\.I
.,....·T"-0).,....
C\.I C\I C\.I C"')
0000
·c; .·~ .·.·. C\J r-, co •:..:t-
co
.,....
6000
-·" x 'Xx x
'(O'' ......... (0
(0 ......... co C"') 0
0 ~· . ......... '· .,.... Lt') 0
o o cY:;. co 0 (0 C\I ·. 0 CC!: 0 ro ca ca ctS
d o:~-C\.I .,.... .,....: . 0 0 C\I Q O> O>.O> Ol
.,.... ~ c\J
l()
C"') ~·~ ~
C"')
C\.I
o
-~
(0
.CD.
~Cl) r<· •·,",?_
r-, 0
0 0 o:. 0
(0 .·.
eo
C"')
-<O.
0
...
' . (1) (tj
.· l() 0 . (0 0 -~ 0. Lt') .O· t"'O
· ~:.: .. ~ C"') (0 .,.... ·C"'). d 0). ci .ctS
,.,...,
·i...
(1)
~ ·r..u •C..
"O ,...
·5 C"f?· (0 cri
C" CD C"') .. ,.._.. co
l!)

.· :i n co (0

> ,... ~ ~: "

"'1'
Lt')
.
CO.
co.
l!)
0
o .: :
0
g
.
c: 0 C)
0
·.
Lt').
C"') C)
ltl M 0 . Lt').
l!) C)
~· 0 ·a· . -r- T"' . C"') d d
0 .
LL O
Ix
~ c: C) C\J
. ·c: -
.!! E
...r co ~
C"')
(0
co C"') 'Lo 0
C\.I C)
 ,
••• • ,
..

•.
....

Forrm ilas and~~quivalenfs

·,·

=··.,· ·-. , .I
..
.
. .

- . --
) Flow Equivalents

!',. ;
Cu Ft per Sec C: allons .per 24 hours

. Cu ft Gallons Gallons Gallons Gallons Cu ft

. per to per to per to per t) per to per to
:. sec minute 24 hrs m:/hr 24 hrs minute sec m3/hr

=i
0.2 90 129,263 20.39 100,000 69 0.15 15.77

II
"

0.4 180 258,526 40.78 125.000 87 0.19 19.71

0.6 269 387,789 61. 17 200,000 139 0.31 31.54
•. ! 0.8 359 517,052 81.56 400.000 278 0.62 63.08
1.0 449 646,315 102.0 500,000 347 0.77 78.85

C-y 1.2 539 775,578 . 122.3 600,000 417 0.93 94.62

•:)
·I

1.4 628 904,841 142.7 700,000 i 486 1.08 110.4

1.6 718 1,034,104 163.1 800,000 556 1.24 126.2
.. 1.8 808 1.163,367. 183.5 900,000 625 1.39 141.9

e·.,
2.0 898 1,292,630 203.9 1,000,000 694 1.55 ·. 157.7

2.2 987 1,421;893 224.3 . 2,000,000 1,389 _· 3.09 315.4

I
2.4 1,077 1,551, 156 . 244.7 3.000.000 2,083 ·4.64 4.73.1

-j
2.6 1, 167 1.680,420 265.1 . 4,000,000 2.778 . 6.19 630.8
'

:>e':i
2.8 1.257 . 1 ,809,683 285.5 5.000.000 3,472 7.74 788.5
3.0 1,346 1.938,946 305.9 6,000,000 4,167 ·. 9.28 946.2

\ 3.2 1,436 2,068.209 . 326.2 7,000,000 4,861 10.83 1,104

3.4 1,526 2,197,472 346.6 8,000,000 5,556 12.38 1,262 .
3.6 1.616 2.326.735 . 367.0 .9.000,000 . ·6.~50 13.92 .1.419
3.8 1.705 2.455,998 387.4 10.000,000 6,944 15.47 1,577

:1
4.0 1,795 2.585,261 . 407.8 ·, 12.000,000 8,333' 18.56 1,892

4,2 , .885 2.714,524 428.2 · .' · 12,500,000 8,680 19.34 1.971

4.4 1,975 2.843,787 448.6 14.000,000 9.722 21.65 2,208
4.6 2.068 2.973,050 . 469.0 15,000.000 . 10,417 23.20 2,366
tl,1 4.8 2,154 3~ 102,313 489.4 16~000,000 11.111 24.75 2,523

:'.
5.0 2.244 3.231.576 509.8 . 18.000.000 12,500 26.85 2.839
10.0. . 4,488 6.463,152. 1.020 20.000.000 13,889 30.94 3.154
20.0 8.987 12.926,304 2.039 25.000.0001 17.361 38.68 . 3,943
 I) l~gersOll-Dffu,er P"mps •.. CameronH}'draulic Data >

. . · .. ·. ·.· . .:' .· ·:. . . . . ·.

FLOW THROUGH ,ORIFICES AND NOZZLES .

' ' '

· Approximate discharge 'through orifice or nozzle.

' :1.·
.Q = 19.636 CdlVh · . · .. · (d · . . · .: ti )4
where -1 is greater than·o.3 1. - · .. ···.~·

' ' ' d2.. ' d2 ' . '

. '' . ' '' ' .· .. ' d: ' . ·.·' ..
· Q · .· 19.636 Cdi2Yh·where ~·is less than 0~3 ·.. · ·
,' ' ·.··' · -. .. . .r ' .· d2 ·. . ••...':: ,· ,.•
" Q-fiow,in gpm · . -. -:' .· · .· . . ·. . ~.
' ·, ' -. di = dia of orifice or nozzle opening, .inches . '
· .·h · .. 'differential head.at orifice, infeetofliquid. ..
d2 ·.· · .: dia ·of pipe .in which orifice is. placed.jnches . ...
·. C . ···discharge'coefficient '(typical values below for water) ..

,
IU·ENTAANT 5HARP- · 5QVARE . RE ENTRANT 5Qt/A~E WELL
· . rvsE · · · EDGED · · EDGED · · ~ruse.• • · · EDGED .· · RovivDED

··J·· .: _
,---
., . .·.···

.....•---
~-~-". .·~··.

'
·.··: ·.'
'
'

. ·. .. ' . .

- •i/st.;DIA.
c,,,,'.52_ .·.· ·· c = .. 61
. .. · .· ..
.· ", '' c = .61 · c = ,73·.· . -.

Table on nextpage shows flow using a value of C · 1.00 .. These flows.

values may be multiplied 'by .the value for .a particular discharge '. · c
 .-.,
..,
.·.:
. •.

~.:) . . --
~·.--. , ,' . Forrr ulas and Equivalents
..
-,;
I

, .. - -- -

Flow Data_;_No; :zles

..,.=>. ,
.,

... ·,-.\: Head·

Theoretical Discharge of Nozzles in U S Gallons Per Minute

Velocity
;
..

.-.)\
Diameter of no, zle in inches
of disch I

\'
psi feet° ft/sec 1 /16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/6 1/2 5/8 I
!
3t4 7/8. 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8
10 23.1 38.6 0.37 1.48 3.32 5.91 13.3 23.6 36.9 r 53.1 72.4 94.5
I 120 148 179

E
15 34.6 47.25 0.45 :l.81 4.06 7.24 16.3 28.9 45.2 I 65.0 88.5 116. 1~7 181 219
' 20 ~6.2 54.55 0.52 2.09 4.59 8.35 18.8 33.4 52-2 i 75.1 102. 134. 169 209 253

....
•. i 25 57.7 61.0 0.58 2.34 5.25 9.34 21.0 37.3 58.3 84.0 114. 149. 189 234 283
I 30 69.3 66.85 0.64 2.56 5:75 10.2 23.0 40.9 63.9 . 92.0 125. 164. .207 256 309
35 80.8 72.2 0.69 2.n 6.21 11.1 24.8 44.2 69.0 '99.5 135. 177. 224 2n -\334.
40 92.4 77~2 0.74 2.96 . 6.64 11.8 26.6 . 47.3 73.8 106. 145 . 188. 239
• l.1 296 397
45 103.9 81.8 0.78 3.13 7.03 12.5 28.2 50.1 78.2 113, 153. 200. 253 313

···:
50 115.5 379
86.25 0.83 3.30 7.41 13.2 29.7 . 52.8 82.5 119. 162. 211. . 267

t,.i:
3?0 399
55 127;0 90.5 . 0.87 3.46 7.77 13.8 31.1 55.3 86.4 125. 169. 221. 280 346 418
60 138.6 94.5 0.90 3.62 8.12 14.5 32.5 57.8 90.4 130. 177. 231. 293 362
65' 438
150.1 98.3 0.94 3.77 8.45 15.1 33.8 60.2 94.0 136. 184. 241. 305. 376 455
70 161.7 102.1 0.98 3.91 8.78
;;'' · ·
15.7 35.2 62.5 97.7 141. 191. 250. 317 391 473
75 173.2 105.7 .1.01 4.05 9.08 16.2 36.4 •64.7 101. 146. 198. 259. 327
r.. 404 . 489
80 184.8 109.1 1.05 4.18 9.39 16.7 37.6 66.8 104. 150. 205. 267. 33a
i
112.5 ·,· 418 505
85 196.3 1.08 4.31 . 9.67 17.3 38.8 '68.9 108. 1s5: 211. 276.

:l..
.349 431 521
90 207.9 115.B 1.11 4.43 9.95 17.7 39.9 I.· 70.8 111. 160. 217. 284. 359 443 536
95 219.4 119.0 l.14 4.56 10.2 18.2 41.0 72.8 114. 164. . 223. 292 .. 369 456 '551
100 230.9 122.0 1.17 4.67 10.5 18.2 42.1 74.7 117. ' 168. 229. 378.
299. ·467 565
105 242.4 125.0. ·. 1.20 4.79 10.a· 19.2 43.1 76.5 120. : 172. 234. 306: 388 479 579
110 254.0 128.0 1.23 4.90 11.0 1.9.6 44.1 78.4 122 .. 176. 240. 314. 397 490 593
115 265.5 130.9 1.25 5:01 11.2 20.0 45.1 80.1 125. 180. 245 . 320. 406
,\ 501 606
120 277.1 133.7 1.28 5.12 11.5 20.5 46.0 81.8
. . - 'i 130 300.2 139.1 1.33 5.33 12.0 21.3 48.0 85.2
128. 184 .
133. 192.
251.
261.
327.
341 .
414
432
512
533
619
645
. 140 323.3 144.3 1.38 5.53

:1
; 12.4 22.1 49:8 88.4 138. 199: . 271. 354. 448 ·553 668
l.! 150 346.4. 149.5 1:43 5.72 12.9 22.9 51.6 91.5 143. 206. 280. 366. 463 572 692·
175 404.1 161.4 1.55 6.18 13.9 24.7 55.6 98.8 154. 222. 302. 395. 500 618 747

,,.v,
... , 200
250
461.9
577.4
172.6
193.0
1.65
1.85
6.61
7.39
14.8
16.6
26.4
29.6 ·.
59.5
66.5
106.
118 .
165. 238.
185. 266.
323.
362.
423.
473.
535
598
660.
739
799
894
ttJ.
. I'
300 692.8 211.2 2.02 8.08 18.2 32.4 72.8 129 . 202. 291. 396. 517. 655 808 977
11/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 21/2 2 3/4 3 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5 5 1/2 6
10 23.1 38.6 . 213 289 378 479 591 7-14 851 1158 1510 1915 2365 2855 3405
15 34.6 .47.25 260 354:. 463 585 723
 .... ·-·· .'. .. · ... · .·· •.. :-. ..., .. ·

· I)
. . . . . . . .

Ingersoll-Dresser PUmPs ·. Cameron Hydraulic Pata

. .
. ..

·• -, Discharg~· From Rect~ngu~ . ·

· · lar Weir
..
With End . · ' ',

-· Contractions. ·

Figures in Table
.
are in Ga,llonsPer
... · .
Minute ·....·.
' .". ', '

· · cength (L)of weir in feet . L_ength (L) ofweirin feet· .•. ·

·.·Addi- .. ', . Addi·,:

Head. .·. tional .Head tlonat . . ·.
(H) .: .gpm for (H). · · . : gpm for·· .·
. each tt · .. m ·. each ft .
•• ·. •. I

.. m.>
inches . · . J ·-.· 3 over 5Jt inches .... 3 ·. · '.·5 .' over 5 ft ... · .
1 . 35A. 107.5 .·. 179.8 "36.05 ' .· .. 8 ' 2338. , 3956 •. 814
1V4 ·.. 49.5 .l.. 150A ·.· 250.4-· . . 50.4 ·... · . . · ..•.. 8Y4 · . 2442 4140 ·.: 850 .· .
1Y2 . 64.9 ·. ·197 329.5 ··. 66.2 -. 8V2. 2540 . 43°12 . 99()·····
'13/4 81. 248 .415:. 83.5·_.·.·. 83/4 .. 2656 ·.· 4511. ·--~29 •·.
.. ·.
.: 2 ··. -98.5'·. 302·· ...· · .. 506 -. .. 9 ·.: .
2765 ,4699 · .. 97()
· .-·· 102·
122.·
:·

. . 2· 1' .:':
.: V4 , 117 . · -. 361 ' 605 91/4 •2876 . ,4899' . 1011
'2Y2 .··. 136.2· 422 706. . ". 143 .' .: 91/2 .2985,· >5098 . 1051
· 23/4 .. 157.. · 455 . .ats · .. 165 93/4 3101·· ., 5288 1091'
. ...
.. ·... : ..
-177.8 552 . 926 ,. : 187 -, : 10 · -. 3216: :5490 1136
3 ·.
3y4.· 199.8 624 1047 .· 211 10Y2 : 3480 .5940 1230 •

3Y2 222. .695 1167 236. 11 3716. 6355 1320

'•

33/4 . 245 .·.· . . · 769 1292 .· . , .261 .· . . 111/2 ..

..
3960 ', 6780 . "< 1410
.>.
 For ulas and Equivalents

Flow Data Weir

Dis harge from Triangular

N tch Weirs with End
Contractions

Head
Flow in gallons
per min Head per mi
I
Flow in gaillons
Head
Flow in gallons
per min
I
(H) (H) (H)
in 90° 60° . in ·goo . in 90° 60°
inches notch notch inches notch. inches. notch notch
.1 . 2.19 1.27 63/4 260 150 15 . 1912 1104
1Y4 3.83 2.21 7 . 284 164. 151/2 2073 1197
1 V2 · 6.05 3.49 71/4 310 . · 17.9 16 2246 1297
13/4 8.89. 5.13 7V2 338 195 i61/2. 2426 -, 1401
2 12.4 7.16 73i4 367 . 212 17 2614 1509
2¥4 16.7 .9.62. 8. . 397 229 171/2 2810 1623
2V2 21.7 . 12.5 81/4 429 248. 18 .3016 1741
23/4 27.5 '15.9 BV2 462 .267. 18V2 3229. .1864
3 34.2 19.7 83/4 498 287 19 3452 1993
31/4 41.8 24.1 9 533 308 19112 3684. 2127
3V2 .50.3 .29.0 91/4 . 571 330 20 3924 2266
3314 59.7 . 34.5 9V2 610 352 20V2 4174 2410
4 70.2 40.5 93/4 651 376 21 4433 2560
41/4 81.7 47.2 10 694 . 401 211/2 4702 2715
41/2 . 94.2 . 54.4 10V2 . 784 452 22 4980 2875
· 1-,- lngersoll·Dre•ser ·Pumps .
. . ·.. . . . .
Cameron Hydraulic Data.
. . '.. . . . . . .

LO
,_ LO LO. . · · .
~O,-C\11'-M~CO LOLO .·, ··
v~C\IC")O)(OCOv~LOMNLO(O~O)OLO
o.,-C\J~~<0coi.0m<0L0<0mNv,......,...m
. . . . . . . ;-: ,.,..: c\i c\i cci C'? .U") ex:i c\i ci a> ·
. · .,...T-.,-(\JC")'

mco . .·
c Q. N N LO CO I'- (0 ..,.... CO LO .N LO .
Q) LOM<0mmmcoLOcocoMLOM..,....,.....moo
0 Q)
..,.... "'O . .....................omM~Nmmm~~LO-
o-C\JMLO •.· .•...... ·
.,... ..,.... C\I Mv· "-..,.... l!) CO C\J <O I'-
.
. .. . . . . ,.,...-..-.~ - C\J . C\J ~(")
g>.~-'--'-~---'----· """.''· --'---"'--........;._;_;.....;.,----------'----'-~
Q... LO
.•. ·•~ ·. . C Q. · . ~ tO, ~ ~. ~ ti) eo' . LO Lo LO ..,· . . . :·. ·.• · . . .

~~re ~ g. -~
Q. _· · ·- ~ · · · (0 (0 M O'> V O'> N
· C\J ................ 0 M O'> 0 O'>. LO i.O
.<ii;f
CX) "C 0 ..,.... . M ~ I' O'>. M C") O'> O'> M O'> O>. CO N :.-- .,..- M
-·~ , . , . . . . .. ;-: N·.~ <? lci a) ·$
0
£. ..
lo'---._;,_4-~~~__;_...;;.....~~_;,_~~~~~---'----'...,-....;....__;_~--1

of
>

-c
(D
-~·

•".'O·
Q)
~ Lh . :
c .·~·~.·~~~mm~ . . .
·I.. .·.

·.~

0
~
. .. ·
.·- .O>.
Q.
ooco cot.ri Lor-, LOv LO LOC\I Li).......
LOT-
' ,...:.: ,....: c\i·~ ..0 ,...: Ci Cri m cri <ri <.o <ri c\i
•. o v Q) . ..,.... C") (0 O') v 0) (0 (0 0) O'). (0 C")
.· "C . . . ..
.!! . en . . . . . . . . ,.....- ~ M ~ to.co 0)
· . . .Q
ca Q)

-
. "'- I----''--'----+----_;,_--'--,-----'---"--'-'-----"-...,---..--'--'--'"-~
t- , ca
(.).
LOLO·· . . . · · ·
c·· (0. N CO 0 LO LO
C") ', ·.·. . . . -. · · •· .• . .. · . ·.
·o c
:Q.
;
ca
0
a.:..
. Q) ..
.
C")
Q)·
Q)
"C
....... VCOC\JO>LOMco<O..-.LOO~Ooooo
. ·-r: ~ ~ ~ ·~· «? ll:?. r. ~· .«? .or: ·~
,-·.,_ C\I M. <O ........ 0 v. co·m M.T-:LO COM
~: q ~ "! ~ ~· .· ~
-
.· O'I .0 . . . :-r- .,.-... C\J M LO. CO ........ CO C\J ~-:
··· . .....
. :··-C.
 .,
•:-
...;
•

.....
•

For . ulas and Equivalents

·····--·-·... ; .
·.··.;
;
·. Frequently Used Formulas and Equivalents

! '

'\
'
Velocity:
Q =AV or V = Q/A

•...
4a .
i ,. V = 0.4085 gpm = 0.2859 bph = 0.00 8368 gpm = 0.001985 bph
, a2 a2 -n2 n2
. ··,
·' where:
'
'E.... "

...
·l
V · velocity of flow-· ftlsec
Q = capacity-ft3/sec
. A = area of pipe or· conduit-c-ft"
....1

'. d =diameter of circular. pipe 1 r conduit-inches

· D . diameter of circular pipe or conduit-ft
_··gpm = U s·gallons per minute ..· · · ·
bph = barrels per hour (42 gals .: oil)
Velocity equivalents:
ft/sec x 0.3048 = sec ·
m/sec x 3.2808 ·:_ fit/sec ·
Fluid flow-any liquid:
U S gpm x 0.002228 ·. ft3/sec
U S gpm x 0.2271 = m3/hr
· US gpm x 0.227 =metric tons- per hour (water at
---.U~lngersoll·Dl-esser P~mps .• . Cameron Hydraulic Data
- . . . . . . . . '· .

·Head and pressure: (For water at normal temperatures (60°F))

· .... ·· . d·. ·r•. · ·. Headin psi x 2:31·· .
Hea 1n eet = . · · · ·
sp gr .
. H d . ', ·. Head in feet x sp gr
· ea 1nps1 = . · · .·
. . 2.31 .
. . :.....
. ..· : . - .

Pumping power-> See page 1-27 ·- . ·

. . horsepower.x 550· .. ft-lb/sec .:
· ·. x 33000-:- ft-lb/min
x 2546 .. B1JJ/hr. . .
x: 745. 7 . -:- watts · . .
.. : :
x
0.7457-:- kilowatts
• x. 1.. 014
·.·
rnetric horsepower'
..
:· .
. .. . .. · _, .. ·.
... ·· .
· · · gprn x H (in feet) x sp gr . . .
Brake hp ~ .;.........;_--~-.,.---'-;.;................,---~- (centrifugal terminology)
3960 x efficiency .
: bph x H (in feet)>< sp gt
- .. · .· .. · ·. . ·. . . ·
· . .: · · · . ·.
(centrifugal terminology)
< · . ·.
·. ·. · · ~ · 5657 x efficiency · . · ·.. · ..· · ·-. · · < .. ··.. .: .• .". .

- gpm xpsi (reciprocit,ingt~i-irti!lOlogy) ·

171·4 ·x· eff · . · · : - · · · ·... · . ·. · · · · · · . . ·
. ·., .' ·. ·.. . · . ·

b'h . · . ·.; ' ' . .. ·. -. ·. ·.· ·.· . .

'" -
•..
£{ ·
"'\

For ulas .and Equivalents

:! -,\
41,.
·.
''.
(··'
.·Torque-See
.. .
page 1-35

'Ibrque in lb-ft
.
bhp
- ·-

= · ----+--
rpm
x 5250

· bhp =brake h rsepower

rpm = revoluti ns per minute

Specific speed-See page 1~19

. . .-· · rpmvgpm ·
Impeller specific speed = N5"' . . (See page 1-20)
314

where·
gpm . design capacity at bes efficiency point
H = head per stage. at bes efficiency point
rpm . speed
· . ·. · -·. · ·. rpm gprn . ·
Suc_tio_n specific speed = S • (NP 'HR)314 (See page 1-21) _

where . ·
gpm =design capacity. at ·best efficie cy point for ·single suction
. . . . . I . .

first stage impellers, or one ha f design capacityfor double

suction impellers.
 . ' ,.
· . . 1 ~ · lngersoll·Dresser > ;..::
· - ·:'=·~\
Pumps .· Cameron Hydraulic Data ·. .
":>':

Miscellaneous ·
Temperature equivalents:
.l ·. )
Degrees · ret
Degrees · Degrees l· •.
Fahren-
!~'
Kelvin Rankine Celsius heit
'a·)
'Absolute .zero ~
•••· Water freezing point;
. . '0 0 '~ 273.15 -'- 459.67 1.,,,.
{14.696ps~a101.325 · . · ~·
l{Pa) .... >.. : ..• ~ ..... < . 273.15 . 491.67 .0 32 ·91/

·~ -f
· . ' Waterboilingpoirit: .•. .'
. (i4.696 psia 101.325 · · . .·_ ::..c~· :-
. - . . . :.: ,' · . ' '1
KPa). . .··. ~ .. ~· -.- .'. .. . . .. . . .. . . .·. - . 373.15 . 67L67. 100 212
Celsius/Fahrenheit 'coll versions: .· •. •· . . ·. 1f · . · '·-~ ·1
... I:

DegC.· .5/9 (°F ~··32). ·. )

! •'
' '• ),
~
:Deg F. · 9/5 "C + 3?. .• " ;

-t -l
·
·.l~ ....

'. Reynolds Nu.~b~ (R): (see page 1-4) .· • . . . . ; ·. ('.

. ' ' . i
..... • .-

' ~

'
••

' .
c.~

. , '
C -
. 'Le_ ;
. · y~
.
CL . _·" C " ~~.C _ .i ;»: - - - C - .. - C .• . • - ·.; .: - .; - • C - - - • . . • ;

i:_~"- .· •.:-·:,: _1···

. j
. V •. A~erage velocity-··_···ftls~c . · . ·
 I \
l
r
SECTION 3 -
FRICTIOi,~ -
.•
.e .

.·
 · I) lngersOll-DresserPumps · Camer~n Hydraulic Data. ·~--···· ;- ··
••
.>~-..:'
•

· ..

OF SECTION :&-.•l
. .•.
:--·
. CONTENTS 3. :·._

. Friction Data:
ie•)
Page.
'•~..·
·'••1
.'• •
·· ,Fric:tionloss principles . • ·. ; . > .. '. :;. 3~3

<-Darcy-Weisbach Formula .. • ., ~ ·. ~ ~'.. ., ~ . <'. ~- ~ .. ; .. 3~3 · ··.:'.\-·:···;)

'

· . -~-·-·rI.·!
Hazen a!ld Williams Formula . . . . . . ; . .· ; . . · ; . . . . . . . . . . . ; 3- 7 .,
•. · l ••

·~·: ••.
.i .
· Example0Headloss Calculation :; ·....• ,. -: ~ .... ; ~ .•.. <3-9 to 3·-10. •. l
<if>

. .,. Wlj }
Moody cli~gram-Reynolds Nos. Ve~sus Friction . .
Factor Chart ... : .. < .. · .... ·. ~ .< .. .' .:', ; .... ;• :. · ..... ; 3~11 · .. . ,i. •.
. ~- . )

Friction ofwater inca~t iro~ and steel pipe 3-i2 to 3-34 . ·~ . .:'

ii ·~·
Fr_iction of water in copper .tubing ancl brass.p .ipe 3-34 to 3-4$ . ·•
~ .c
 . ;,,. ·. '"
Friction

· Friction Losses i- Pipe

· The resistance to flow. as a liquid is m ved through a pipe results ·
in a loss of head or pressure and is call d friction (measured in feet
of liquid). This resistanceto flow is due to iscous shear stresses within
the liquid and turbulence that occurs ong the pipe walls due to
roughness.
The amount of head loss for a giv n system depends on the
characteristics of the liquid being handle ; i.e. viscosity, size of pipe,
condition (roughness) of pipe's interior ·S rface and length of travel; .
also loss through various valves, fittings, etc. (see page 3-110).
A vast amount of research has been onducted to determine the
amount of friction loss .for different con itions, _.and various 'expres-
1_
_

sions based on experimental data have b en developed for calculating

friction loss. The expression most corn only used in present day
practice and the one on which -the tabl s in this book are based. is
the * Darcy-W eisbaeh equation. This :D rmula recognizes that pipe
· friction is dependent on condition (roughn ss of pipe's interior surface),
internal diameter of pipe, velocity .of li uid and its viscosity. It is·
expressed as:
.h· .· - f. L y2
r- -
D 2g
where
 I) lngersoll·Dressf!r Pumps. . Cameron ~Hydraulic Data
. ' . .

·and the Reynolds Number .• and can be determin~d from an equation

· . developed by C. F. Colebrook (1939);i.e; · . · .

.· . . . 1 . . . . · ( .· € . R2.".5. ~
1.f·. ·)· . ·
. · ·. · Yf · . _;_2 logio \ 3.7D . + vi
· where
.· . ·.· ... •· . .. · - . . · VD .·
. , R , =, Reynold's
., , Number---.
, , , •.' -v,. --• . . '·.·,·
f = · FrictiC>ri Factor · · . · •. · - . '. · - . . · ·. · .·
e . · . Absolute Roughness Lin fee't-. · (See following table)··
. D < · •·Inside diameter of·pipe-·. ft<·.· -. .
Y .· Average.pipe velocity-., ft/sec
v . Kinematic Viscosity+.ft2/sec . . . . . . . · .... . ... _ .
· Since the Colebrook equation is .non-factorable in f, awkward and .· ·
· . difficult to solve, the value off may be obtained from a.graph or ·
chart developed by L. ·F.: Moody (ASME. 1944) and included herein · ·.
. on page 3-;1 L This· graph shows the relation between the friction ·
. factor f, the Reynolds Number. R, and the ·relative roughness €ID,
.· . where Eis the absolute roughnessinfeet,and,Disthe·pipediarileter.·
in feet; Note that for convenience the relative roughness is used in.
developing the graph onpage 3-11. < .· · . ,. •, .· . .. ·.·, . · <: .. , ·. , , .:

However, to avoid possible errors in reading the· friction factor f

from the Moody graph the friction loss ·-data presented in the tables .'
..
.' ·
-.,,
·.:...•• 1

..... }

Friction
,,

!!:
. ·'

··1 .

·\
;•;/

Absolute .
Type of pipe roughness*

';) (new, clean, condition)

Drawn tubing-glass, brass, plastic

e (in feet)

0.00'0005
Commercial steel or wrought iron 0.00015
Cast iron-asphalt dipped 0.0004
Galvanized iron 0.0005
Cast iron-uncoated 0.00085
Wood stave 0.0006-0.0003
Concrete 0.001-0.01
Riveted steel 0.003-0.03
*Basis data from Hydraulic Institute Engi eering Data Book.

. To obtain friction loss in pipes having o her roughness parameters,

·. the applicable friction factor can be obt ined from the Moody chart
·on page 3-11 and then-if desired, che ed for accuracy with the
Colebrook formula. In usingthe Moody hart on page 3-11the rela-
· tive roughness (EID) is used where "~" i the absolute roughness in
·feet and "D" is the pipe diameter in feet. · ·
.. Friction losses for pipe sizes between t ose listed in the tables may
be found with reasonable accuracy usin a ratio of the fifth power
of the diameters; thus . ·
Desired friction ·loss in pipe B
. · 1 .•-,. lngersoH·DresserPumps . · Cameron Hydr~tili~-Data ·

· surfaces, it ·is . suggested that for· most commercial design purposes

a safety factor of 15 to 20% be added to the values in the tables .
. . For a more detailed discussion •. of friction loss calculations and
· the various items .that should be considered, reference is suggested . . .
to the Engineering Data Book of the Hydraulic Institutej.also to Crane
Technical Paper No. 410. See page 1-47 for bibliography, .
For convenient 'reference formulas used in connection with the
· narcy~Weisbach/Colebrook method are; -.
.Head Loss .
.h = f L V2 = f 0.03112 L(gpm)2 = f 0.0153 L(bph)2 = f LV2
r . D 2g . .··:.. . d5 . . · . d5 . 4m2g
. ::. ·:
·.•. Friction Factor {f): (also see graph' page 3-11~)·. ...

.•. ·. i . · -. ·1· -- ·210·

.· ·.· - . .· : .:i' ' ·:Vf +; - ; glO
.·[· .• . · 'E,
.· ·3 7D
·/.+
2.51 · ·]·
.· .' R vT · .
' .· . .. · . ·. :" . ·• ,•' .. · . . . ·. . . ··:

ForR'less th~r12000(l~iriarfto\V°}; f · ··.·~·

. Reynolds 'Number: . . . . . . . . "': •. . . .

.. · . R .,
VD -- .· VDp · · 3162(gpm) >' 2214(bph) ·
. - --;--- - µ,. 32.174
. . . ·-. dk. . dk
 Friction

g ..:.. acceleration ofgravity, ft/sec2 (tak n as 32.17 4 ft/sec2 in making

conversions). . · ·
hr= head loss due to friction, ft of liq
E =absolute roughness in feet-see
h, =Velocity head-ft of liquid
. k = kinematic· viscosity, centistokes = z
s
1· . kinematic viscosity ,-ft2/sec
L =length of pipe including equival nt length for loss through

I
fittings-ft
. d' flow area
m = h y d rau 1 1c ra 1us = · . . = ft
· . · wetted perirne er
(use in calculating flow in open ch nnels or unfilled pipes)
.P = density at temp. and press. at which liquid is flowing, lb/ft3
gpm = flow of liquid, gallons per minute. ·
· u . . absolute or dynamic viscosity; lb- ec/ft2
V = velocity of fl.ow, ft/sec. .
s • density, g/cm" (water at 4°C or 39.2°F ~ 1.000)
z = absolute or dynamic viscosity=- c ntipoises ·
HAZEN AND WILLIAMS
Although the Darcy-Weisbach/Colebr ok method (on which the
tables in this book are based) offers a .rational mathematical solu- ·
 I) lngefsOH-Dres~r Pumps Cameron. Hydraulic Data .
... .. •· ------------------------------~...----------~~ . . . . . . . .

· Hazen and Williams-·Friction Factor C**

Values of C

Range-:--:·· Average
High= best, value Commonly
Type of pipe
smooth, for used
welllaid- clean. value for
Low =;o·poor neW design
or corroded pipe purposes

.· c~ment-Asbestos . , .•. · ..............•.... • 150...:140 ... · 150 140

Fibre: , , ·., .- .. • 150 . 140
Bi_tumastic-enameHined tron.or steel , . .
centrifugally applied . ; .. · , . , .. : ~ . , . 160-130 · 145 140
Cement-lined iron or steel centrifugally ··
· applied :: : ·~ · · _. :'. . · . iso 140

· · .. Copper, brass; lead. tin or glass pipe and < . . · · •· .

tubing : , ,.: · · · 150-120 • · 140 130

woi:>d-sta~e .. .: •.. :· ~ .. :.-.; : .• : . 145-.110. . . ·•.·;20 110

. ·Welded and ~eamless.steel .... : ..•. : ..... ~., ... 150-80 130 .. .100
· Interior riveted. steel (no projecting . ·. . .
rivets) .....•....
Wrought~iron; CasHron
~- ~

Tar-coated cast-iron '. .•..... ,

: .. ; ;
; ......•.. ~· .. .:
,,
.
:
: : ~. ···
150-80
145-50
139
.130 ~gg :,. ·-. ·.
100

130

c:ri~~:e~~'.~). : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : '. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Girth~rlveted steel·(projecting rivets in ·girtri -.
130 100
152-85 120 '100
Fuli~riveted steel (projecting rivets in girth· '
· and horizontal seams) ~ , .. : ; . 115 100
Vitrified, Spiral~riveted steel (flow with lap) . 110 100 .

·Spiral-riveted steel (flow against lap) ; , , '.. 100 90

· Corrugated steel , •.. ·.: : .: ~; '. .. 60 60

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ • .... ab
..
Values of C 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 70 60.
..
 •.:··.
•
o,
·.:
).
. Friction

i- . ,.· ·'
Friction -head loss-· sample calculatio

!., •
f;.,
To illustrate the application of the fri . tion and head loss data in
calculating the total system 'bead for a s ecific system the following
example is offered:
tt,·
I

:\"'·I'.,
...... ·. '
Problem-referring to the accompan · g figure, page 3-10, a pump
takes water (68°F) from a sump and deli ers it through 1250 feet of
4" diameter schedule 40 steel pipe. 'The uction pipe is 4" vertical 5
·1· . ,·. . ' ' . '
feet long and includes a foot valve and a long-radius elbow. The dis-

,,, .
)
'
.·'
charge line 'includes two standard ·90 de ee flanged elbows, a swing -
check. valve and an open wedge-disc g te valve. It is required to
find the suction lift (hJ · and the dischar e head (hd). when the rate
llill
C;_, '
of How is 200 gpm.

Solution·

I
' ';

'
.v
; ·(a)· SUCTION LIFT-Data from table o page·3-20.
·,
. . . . . . v2
:'

· Velocity head=·-= 0.395 ft

'' 2g

Pipe frictionloss hr= 2~25 ft per 100 t of pipe.

The resistance coefficient for the ot valve (page 3-115) is .
K = 1.3 and for the long-radius elbow (p ge 3-112) is K = 0.27.
I) lngersoH·Dressel' Pumps ·. Cameion Hydraulic Data
. ~ .. -·· . ·-·· -·- --· ~ .•.. ·. -- -~ ~-···· ·-·~.. . ,._ ~-·- -·- ·- -· ·'•

ELEV 289 00'

--::----~-;--

OPEN TANK ,

RG[l\ll£NT

B;."'" •
~-~-----12!10'·,-. -----~~

,-11r---~~:.-:...-=,-4111L~~:-_ . .;.;. _:-_-_---_. r__-_. ==============•··~ ·

. 265'
. I
I.
. \w£d~t brsc :GA;·E VALV~ _· _ ._·.

. . · : . ·:· · · . -:'

. ALL ~IPE IS NEW 4~1NCH:.

, : STD •. STEEL-SCHEDULE 40
7'

-=-!~v 24.00'

. The resistance coefficientfor. the vario1lsfittings as obtained from ·_ .

the tables will.be: · · · · .
·- ·- -.--. K 0.51
··.,:
··•:
. ..... ,.. . .. _,,

... : ...
Friction

··z_!•' Friction Factors for Com nerclal Pipe

(for Darcy-Weisbach formul
e
:1, page 3~3)

,,.:
Relative' Roughness = -
-8
/)
.,.,
f.
:·
..,. ..., .... ..... - =8
= = =
V'I .... M
=
N ~
<='!
-
~~
cc
0
u:i
Q
o,
0
C'!
.....
c::>
~ ~~
=
=
0
c::>
0
<=!
c::>
Q
=
0
Q
c:::
= r
~-
c::>
0

co
.,.,
I .u:J 8
~ .,., 0

--··
i,,.;
c
.... <='!

~ ""'~
II
I'

- Vs
J

II
i I
' I
' ! I I j J
i I
I ~ II
! ! I ~ o "-'I~

I:: I

L I
I

J
.
,,I
II'
a:
...,
""
....
ta).
I

I i I
:
.J
I
,,

I·
I
;
r I I ....,
I l 1 I'~
i I
i ~ I I II. .....
!
.,, I I
I ·W, I ! I ' i IJ 'I/

~~b~I
'· 11.
!
I .J J J)
I

~ E:::i -"
)
j 1/1 I
.. 0
"
I ..
E:./
I
co '
~· - t- 0
-w% ...
' Q: I : I II <.O
J 'I .,,
'.
i IJ
' I
::~co5~::1:z•
...... a:: u.il' L-J
! , I

:
I
l
l
I
I
I

II
I
4
-e-
QJ
..c
E
..._ :::>
t-
..J
:::i.
! I ~ I JV ,.... ::::>
z

.~
: I
co Ill II' V'>
·g: I ,A ,, 'J[/J J., ..... "C

Z·,·
0
:t-j
II ' 1w.~ $Iv c:

1E1 '
I
i
V;
"
''
I

I
II
: '
'
' ,.. 1 "~'( :
>.
QJ
0:::
 •
_' -·= ,
- -,-1 ~ l11gersoll Dresser 0 PUllllls Cameron Bydraiilic Data -
. . - . . -: Friction. of Witer ·. . -New Steel Pipe
on Darcy's
:··
,_.)
'•~-
(Based Formula) . 1W~'
1/4111ch ._
. . :
. . .
Standard wt steel-· sch 40 .·.Extra strong steel-sch 80
Flow ·1-'.---------------r----~-....,.....- . . . . . -----
U S 0.364" inside dia · . · 0;302" inside. dia
gal
per · Velocity. VeloCity · Head loss ' . Velocity Velo_city Head loss
min .· · ft per .sec ·head-ft ft per 1,00 ft ft per sec head-tt .· .ftp~r 100 ft
OA. •' .· 1.23 . 0.024 .•. . .• . 3.7 >·1:79 .•.....: '• 0.05 ·9.18 .
0.6 . 1.85'. . r 0.053 . . . .•. 7 .6 2.69 . . ..· ().11 19.0 · .
.o.e . 2.47' 0.095 . 12.7 ·.3.59 · 0.20 32.3
.·1.0 3.08 . 0;148 . ·.· .r ·. < 19~1 .. · •, '.< 4.48 : 0;31 •. 48.8 .
. <1.2 . . 3.70 .· 0;213 . . 26.7 . . 5.38 0045 68·6 ..
1.4 :4;32 ,. ,• 0.290 . . . ·.. 35.6 .. · ~6.27· · . 0.61· 91.7 · . ·•· ·
1.6 4.93 .· 0.378 : . . 45.6· . . 7.17 .· . o.so . 11~.1 . .
1.8 .: . 5.55 · .· 0.479 •. -. 56.9 8.07 ·. . ' · 1.01 . ·.·· 147,7 •.•.
': 8.96'
2.0
2.4
6.17
7.40
· o.ssi .·
0.850 .,
> - . . 699·•-~8-: -·- .:
·1Q.7S
1.25
1.79 .
180.7 '. .
.· 256 ., -. ·.

2.8 .: 8.63. 1.157 .

%Jnch
 .. ------------···
Friction
Friction of Water New Steel P pe (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Form\ la)
112 Inch
Standard wt steei-sch 40 Extra strong steel-sc1h 80 Schedule 160

.622" inside dia .546" inside dia .464" insidedia

Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Vetocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
0.1- 0.739 .000 0.74 .96 .01 1.39
1.0 1.056 .017 1.86 1.37 .03 2.58 1.90 .056 1.68
1.5 t.se .039 2.82 2.06 .07 5.34 2.85 .126 5.73
2.0 2.11 .069 4.73 2.74 .12 9.02 3.80 ;224 12.0
2.5 2.64 .108 7.10 3.43 .18 13.6 4.74 .349 20.3

3.0 ·3.17 .156 . 9.94. 4.11 .26 19.1 5.69 .503 30.8
3.5 3.70 .212 13.2 4.80. .36 25.5 6.64 .684 43.5
4.o·· 4.22 .277 . 17.0 5.48 .47 32.7 7.59 .894 58.2
4.5 . 4.75 .351 21.1. . 6.17 .59 4cf.9 8.54 1. 13 ·.75.0
s.o 5.28 .433 25.8 6.86 .73_. so.o 9.49 1.40 94.0

5.5 5.81 :524 30.9 7.54 .. 88 . 59.9 10.44 1.69 115

6.0 .6.34 .624 36.4 8.23 1.05 70.7 11.38 2.01 138.
6.5 .6.86 ·.732 42.4 8.91 ·1.23 82.4 . -12.33 2.36 163
7.0 7.39 .849 48.8 9.60 1.43 95.0 13.28 . 2.74 190
. 7.5 .: 7.92 .975 55.6 10.3 1.6 ~09 . 14.23 3.14 220

8.0 8.45 1.109 63.0 . 11.0 1.9 123

8.5 8.98 1.25 70.7 , 1.6. '. 2~1 ~38
9.0 9.50 1.40 78.9 12.3 2.4 ~54
9.5 10.03 1.56 87.6 13.0 . ·. 2.6 ~71
10 10.56 1.73 96.6 13.7 2.9 U9.

3/4 Inch

Standard wt steel-sch 40 Extra strcnq.steel-s-sch 80 Steel-schedule 160

.824" inside dia .742"inside dia .612" inside dia

.·I.~ . · lnger~-oll·Dresser-·Pumps·· · ·Cameron Hydraulic. Data
Friction of Water New Stee!Pipe (Con.tinued) .·
(Based on Darcy's Formula) ·
., · · .· 1 Inch·

Standard wt steel-sch 40 .. Extra str~ng steel..;..sch 80 Schedule 160 steel

. 1.049'' inside dia · .· · :9s1~lnside dia .B15"inside dia
Flow
us '·Head Head Head
gal· · Velocity .·,Velocity ·.loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
· per tt per . head · ft per • tt per · head ft per ft per head ft·per .
min· sec tt .: 100,ft .. sec ft 100 ft. sec .ft 100 ft

2 . 0.74 . . . 009 · . · ·. ;355·.· .. .:s9 ·. . . 01· -. .': ·.~599 . 1,23 . . . 023 . . 1.26
3 1.11 .019 .• 787 ·. 1.34 .. 03 . 1.19 .. 1.85 . .053 ~60
4 .. 1.48 W4 1.270 1.79 .05 .· 1.99 .· 2.46.: .094 4.40
·,5 . . . 1.86 .054. . · 1:90 ' . 2~23 . ;08 . . . ·2.99 . 3.08 ... -. 147 • 6.63
6 . ···.2.23 . 077 . 2.65 2.68 ,.· . ll . ·· . 4.17 . 3.69 . ... 211. . 9;30.

8 2.97 . :137 .. .. · ,4.50 .. : 3.57 '.· . .·.20 ' 7.11 ' -. 4.92 .376 -15.9 .··. . ·-.
10 .· . 3.71 .214 .· . 6.81 . 4.46 . 31 · '·. 10.8 .' .. .6~15 ~587 24.3 · .
.: ·~2 '4.45 . . ~308 ., 9.58 . ·. 5.36 . .45 .. : ·15.2 ' 7.38•. . ;545. 34;4
14 . 5.20 .420. 12;8 6.25 .61 ·. . 20.4 -". .·8.61 •.. 1.15 46.2'
16 . . 5.94 .548 . · ·· 16.5 .7.14 ·... 79 . ·: 26.3: 9.84 ·. .1 :50 . 59.7
. 18 .: . . 6.68 .694 ' 20.6 .· . . 8.03. . ·.· 1.00 . ..: 32,9··. 11.07 ·.· . 1.90 . 74.9 .
20 . . . 7.42. ... 857 ' 25.2 . .. 8.92 .· · • 1.24 40.3 . . ·12.30 2.35 . ' .91.B .
. 22 8.17 . 1.036 3b.3 .. 9.82 1.50 ' 48;4 . .•. · 13.53 . . 2.84 110
24 . . . 8.91 1.23 35.8 . 10.7 • 1.B . . 66.8·
57.2
0
.14.76 ' 3.38 131
26 .9,65 1.45 ·• . 41~7 .•. . 11.6 2.l . ·.• '15.99 3.97 153

. 28 10.39 1.68 ·. . 48:1 · . 12.5 ..•. · 2.4 77.1 .:

30 11.1 1.93. 55.0 . . 13.4 2.B . · . · 88.2'
35 13.0 2.62 '74.l:. .· 15.o, · . 3.8 119
. · 40 ·:.14.8 3_43· .: 96.1 . -. J7.9. · . ,:· 5.0 :· • 154
45 .16:7 . 4.33 121 •. 20.1: .: ·. 6.3 .: 194

· 1v4 Inch . ·

. Standard wtsteel-e-sch 4.0 Extra

.
strong ' steel~scli
.. . . . . . . . .. .. '
ao . .
Schedula 160_..:steel •'

..
'

, .1 .'380" inside dia '·· 1.278" inside dia '1.160"inside dia

 .'\ ,\

-~·-
.~· . .
..
-· -

Friction
--

::•.. !.
,i: -

..

) Friction of Water -·-New Steel e>ipe (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Forinu la)

i',:,i
1Y2 Inch·

! Standard wt steel=-scn 40 Extra strong steel-sch 80 Schedule 160-steel

I

1.610" inside dia 1.500" inside d a 1.338" inside dia

:.',.
Flow
I us Head Head Head
-,
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head tt per
',
! min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

.404

!;'
i 4 .63 .006 .166 .73. .01 .233 .913 .013
l .. 5 .79 .010 .. 246 .91 .01 ·.346 1.14 .020 .601
6 .95 ;014 .340 1.09 .02 .478 1.37 .Ci29 .832

11
7. 1.10 .019 .447 -. 1.27 .03 .630 1.60 .040 1.10

:\.:;)
8 1.26 .025 .567 1.45 .03 .800 1.83 .052 1.35

9 1.42 .031 .701 1.63 .04 .990 2.05 .065 1.67

10 1.58 .039 .848 1.82 .05 1.20 2.28 .081 2.03
12 1.89 .056 1.18 2.18 .07 ' 1.61 2.74 .116 2.84
..... 14 2.21 .076 1.51 .. 2.54 .10 2.14 3.20 .158 3.78
16 2.52 .099' 1.93 2.90 ... 13 2.74 3.65 .207 4.85
:,
.)'<
- 18 . 2.84 .125 .2.40 3.27 .17 3.41 4.11 .262 6.04

i\,,,
20 3.15 .. 154 2.92 3.63. .20 4.15 4.56 '.323 7.36
22' 3.47 .187 3.48 3.99.· .25 4.96 5.92 .391 8.81.
.24 3.78 .222 4.10 4.36 .30 5.84 5.48 .465 10.4'
·26 4.10 .261' · . · 4.76 4.72 .35 6.80 ·5.93 .546 12.1
.
28 4.41 .303 5~47' 5.08 .40 7.82' 6.39 .634 13.9
·.~

:1
I
30 4.73 .347 6.23 5.45 .46 8.91 6.85 .727 15.9
32 5.04 .395 . ·7,04 . 5.81 .52 10.1 7.30 .828 18.0
I 34 5.36 .446. 7.90 ' 6.17 .59 . 11.3 7.76 .934 20.2
I
36 5.67 '.500 8.80 6.54 .66 12.6 8.22 1.05 22.5

I ) 38 5.99 .577 9.'76 . 6.90 '

.74 14.0 8.67 1.17 . 25.0
i 40 6.30 .618 ,. 1~.8 7.26 . .82 15.4 : -. 9.13 1.29 27.6

:;··'·
42 '6.62 .681 ' 1 .8 ' 7.63 .90 16.9 9.58 1.43 30.3
! 44 6.93 .747 ' 12.9 . 7.99 .99 18.5 10.04 1.57 33.1
.· 1.08 10.50 .
'

46 7.25 . 817 14.0 8.35 20.1 1.71 36.1

48' 7.56 '.889 15.2 8.72 1.18 21.8 10.95 1.86 39.2
 •
I. ~tl1 IR~e· rs·· o· ·11-D·re·. ss··e·.,.·. P.u· m··P.s. ·. ·. · CaJllero~ !ly~r~~lfo~ata__
'":1 . . . . . . . /Ill)
_ :.::'
. Friction of Water New Steel Pipe (Continued) · :.... J
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
· ·· · 2 inch · · · ;qe;'
· :'

ifPI
I .·. '

· • Standard wt steel-sch 40 · Extra strong steel-sch 80 · . Schedule 160.:.,..steel '

2.067"inside dia 1.939" inside dta · 1.687'" inside dia

I(~
••
Flow
us He.ad Head ·Head

.•
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity ·loss -Velocity .: . Velocity · loss
per · tt.per head ft per ft per .·head · · ft per · ft per • head . ft per
. ft.
. ,,.l
~..' ,
min -sec ,ft 100 ft sec 100 ft sec .ft 100 ft
5 . .478 .004 · .. o74·· .54 .00 .. 101 . . :718 .008 .· .197
6 .574 .005 .. 102 ·.65 · .. 01 . ,139 .861 .012 ' .271

~:
7 .669 .007 .134 . . .. 76 .01 .182 1.01 . . .Q16 .: .· .. 357 ~
•8 • .. 765 .009 .170 .87 .01 .231 . 1.15 .020. . .452
9 .. 860 .012 ;209 . . 98 •.·.01 .. 285 . l.29 .026 •. 559 .

10 .956 . o14 · .• 252 1.09< .02 1:44 . .032 ' .675

··.12 1.15 .021. .349 1.30 .03 1.72 .· .046 .; .938.
1.34 .028 .· ·.461 .· . 1;52 ... ()4. 2.01 .· .063 1;20 ..
14
16 • 1.53 .036. ;586 .· 1.74 os 2.30 .082 . .1.53
41P):
c·
.:»
. 18 ·. 1.72. ;046 .725 ·. 1.96 . .; 06 . -. 2.s8 .104 . 1.90

-t-·
.20 . 1.91 .. 057 .878 2.17 .07 1.16 <2.87 .128 2.31··
22. . · 2.10 .069 1.05 . 2.39 .09 . 1.38 3.16 ;.155 2.76
24 2:29 .082 1.18 2.61 .11 1;62 3.45 .. 184 3.25
26 2.49 .: .096 · . i37 ·2.83· . 12 1.88 3.73 .216 . 3.77

,
•'

28 2.68 .111 ..•. 1.57 3.04 .14 .2;16 4.02 .251 . 4~33
.- -· ·.- ·- - - - - - - - .. .·- .. - ~ - - ·- ..

cj
-·
30 • 2.87 .128. 1.82 3.26 .17 2~46 4.31 .288 4.93
35' 3.35 . 174 . . 2.38 . 3.80 .22 3.28 5.02 .392 6.59
40 3.82 .227 .·.3.06 4.35 :29 4.21 5.74 .512 .. 8.49
45 4~30 ~288 3.82 4.89 .37 5.26 6.46 ;648 10.6 . ·:. .
50 4.78 .355 .· 4.66 5.:43 .46 6A2 7.18 .799 13.0

55 5.26 .430 5~58 5.98 .56 1.10 7.89 .967 15.6

60 5.74
·.
.511 .· ··.6.58 . 6.52 ,66 9.09 '8.61 us . '18.4
65 6.21 .600 . ·. 7.66 7.06 .n • f0.59 9.33 1;35 21.5
70 s.es .;696 8.82 . 7.61 .90 12.2 10.05 1.57 24.8
75 7.17 .. 799 ·. 10.1 .. 8.15 1.03 13.9 10.77' 1.80. .· 29;3
 ---------

·Friction
Friction of Water New Steel F ipe (Continued) ·
(Based on Darcy's Form1~la)
2V2 Inch

Standard wt steel-sch 40 · Extra strong steel-sch 80 Schedule 160-steel

2.469" inside dia .2.323· inside dla 2.125" inside dia

Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity . Velocity toss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per . head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

8 :536 .005 .072 .61 .01 .097 .724 .008 .149

10 .670 .007 .107 .76. .01 .144 .905 .013 .221

11
12 .804 .. 010 .148 .91 .01 .199 1.09 .018 .305
14 .938. .014. .195 1.06 .02 .261 1.27 .025 .403
16 1.07 .Q18 .247 1.21 .02 .332 1.45 .033 .. 512

18 1.21 .023 . 305 1.36 . .03 .411 . 1.63 .041 .634

20 1.34 .028 ;359 . 1.51 .04 .497 1.81 .051 .767
22 1.47 .034 .. 438 1.67 .04 .590 1.99 . .061 .912
24 1.61 .040 .513 1.82 .05 .691 2.17 .073 1.03
26 1.74 .047 .593. 1.97 .06 .BOO . 2.35 .086 1.20

tt.'. 28
30
·.1.88
2.01
.055
.063.
.679
.770
> 2.12
2.27
. 07
.08
.915
1.00
2.53
·2.71 .
.100 .
.114 ..
1.37
1.56

i·: · 35
40
.2.35
2.68
.. 086
. 112
0.99
1.26
.· 2.65
3.03.
.11
.14
1.33
1.71
3.17
3.62 .
.156
.203
2.08
2.66

e ·- - - - -- '- -
45.· 3.02 .141 1.57 3.41 .18 2.13 . 4.07 .257 3.32
so- - - .., 3.35""' ~ - - :174..:. - -: t;91 - - ~ -s.19- - - - :22·· - - - 2~s9- - - 4.52 - - - - .318- - - 4.os - - - - - · -

i
.55 3.69 .. 211 2.28 4.16 .. 27 3.10 4.98 .384 4.85

.: : ·. . ~~70 ::~~
. 4.69
:~~~
.342
~:~~
3.60
. !:~~
5.30
:fa.44 ::;~
4.89
~:~~
6.33
:~~~
.622
~:~:
7.67
~~-r-~~~t--~~---1~~--.,.-+~~~-t-~...._-----+--t-~~+-~~~t--~~---1~~~
75 5.03 .393 4.10 5.68 .50 5.58 6.79 .714 8.75
. 80 5.36 .447 . 4.64 6.05 -. .57 6.31 7.24 .813 9.90
85 5.70 .504 5.20 6.43 .. 64 7.08 7.69 .918 11.1

:~.
'
~~. ~:~~ :~~~ :::g . ~:n :~~ ~:;~ ~:~~ ~:~~ ~~:: .
 I) . lng8'5~H-DresserPump~ . Cameron.Hydraulic Data
Friction of Wate·r . Asphalt-d'ip-ped-C.asf lf(>n and New Steel Pipe·
(Based on Darcy's Formula) (Continued)
3 Inch.

_ Asphalt-dipped Std wt steel Extra strong steel

cast iron - sch 40 ' sch so· ,- ' sc_heduie 16o~stee1
'
3.0" inside dia 3,068" inside dta 2.900'' inside dia 2.624" inside dia
Flow
u s Ve-. - - Ve- Head
. •.
_-Ve- ve-- +tead - Ve- Ve- Head -_Ve- Ve- Head
gal locity locity _ -,loss focity lo city loss - locity locity - loss locity locity loss
per ft per. head ft -pe_r ttper head _ft per _tt per - head ft per ft per head ft .per
min sec. ft - 100 ft ·-sec ft 100 ft sec . : ft 100 ft sec ' ft 100 ft. -

- ·-.oo·· .oo
',

.10. '.454 .042--- .434 :003 .038 .A9'. c- :050· ;593 .005 .080
' 15 .. .68_1 -' .01 • 088 _ .65_1 .007 .077 . .73 .01 ·.;01 .890_ .012 ' .. 164
.908 .: ' -- .01 - ' - ;149 _.868 _;0)2 - .129. :97 .02 .169 ·1.19 ''
.022' .275 _
-· 20
.
',

25 ·- U.3 ~02 _- - .225 1.09 -, .018 .192 1.21 .02.-: :~253 1 :48 _' .034 _ _
A11
>30· .1.36 .. 03 - ·- .316 t.30- _ .025·-_- .267 1.45 .03 -·, .351 1.78 . .049 _;572
- '
'
---
35 -1;59 .04 .421 _1.52 _.036 - - .353 ' 1.70 -.04-- .464 2.08 .067 '.757'
-
40 1.82 <05 __ --,541 1.74 -.. 047 .,449 U4_ ;06 "
;592 - 2.37 ' .087 .. 933
45 . 2.04' .06 .676 ''(95' ;059- _.557: 2.18 ' XJ7 .734 2.67:-_ .111 1:16
50. 2.27 -. .08 ' ;825 2;17 - ;073 ,676" 2.43 ;09 _ '.•. 860, 2.97.' J37_ 1.41
55 2.50 .10 : .990 2.39 '.089 ~776" 2:61 .11 '1.03 .: 3:25: .165 ' ' ,·1.69.
'' ''

---
60 '2.72 .12 " _ 1.17 2.60 ' - .105 .:912"' .-2.91 _ .. 13 1.21 3:56 .197 -_ 1;99'
65 2.95. .14 '
·-1.36 2.82 ' ;124' - -_1.06 -- 3.16 - .15 1.40' 3.86 .231 2.31
·7(j .3.18 -. .16 >1.57 _.3:04 .143 1:22' 3AO ,,'' .16 :1;61 4~ 15 '. -'.268 2.65
75 3.40 .18 .1.79 3.25 '.165 1.38 3.64_- -_ ' .21.- 1.83 ' 4.45 .307 - 3.02
80 -_- 3~63: :21 .- 2.03 3.47 _- '.187 _1.56 -'-3.88 -. - -.23 '2.07 .: 4.75 ,350_----_ 3.41

. 85
'

" 3.8({ .23

. 2.28 3.69 .211 .1.75 4.12 .26 '2.31 5.04- .395 -.
--
3.83 .
90 .4.08' .26·· 2.55 _3.91r' :237' 1.95 4.37 .29 2.58 - 5.34 -A43 '4~27
95 4.31. .2!;! 2.83' 4.12 .264'' 2:t6 4.61 .33 '2.86'' 5.63 .493-. 4.73
100_ 4.54 ~32 3;12 4.34 .293 '. 2.37' - 4,55_.- _ - .36 - 3,15_ 5.93 '~546 _5.21
' - '
110 4.99 ' .39 - 3.75 4.. 77 ;354 2.84 5.33 .44 ---- 3.77 6.53 .661 _6.25
s.45-- . .46'' -4,45, 3.35 5.8L 4~45
--
120 $.21' .421 '' .52 7.12 .787. 7;38.
130 5.90 .54 ,_ 5.19 5,54 .495 3.90 6.30 .62 5.19 ., 7.71 .923 r; 8.61
140 ,6.35 -.. 63_ --. 6;00 ._6.08 ~574 4.50 6.79 <71 -5.98 - 8.31 1.07 - 9.92
.. 72 6.87 6.51 .659 5.13'_: 7.28 6.82
150 ' 6.81 -- ~82
,93 ___ - '7,72 ---
.8.90 1.23 11.3
160 7.26. .82 7.79 _6.94 ---
.7_49_ 5;~0 7,76 _9.49 1.40 12.8
.\ •
••. :i Friction
--

f:: Friction of Water - Asphalt-dipped .Caist-lron and New Steel Pipe.

,,··
(Based on Darcy's Formula) . (Continued)

:;\
'
3Y2 Inch
'

Asphalt-dipped cast iron Std wt steel sch 40 Extra strong steel sch 80

•':
\

::,9'-,·
3.5" inside dia 3.548" inside d1a 3.364" inside dia
Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per . ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

:~'
15 .500 .004 .043 .487 .004 .038 .54 .OD .050
20 . 667 .007 . .070 .649 .007 .• 064 .72 .01 .083

E
25 .834 .011 .105 .811 '.010 .095 .90 .01 .123
30 1.000 .016 .146 .974 .015 .132 1.08 .02 .171
35 1.167 ,021 .195 1.14 .020 .174 1.26 .02 .225
. I . 40 1.334 .028 .·.25o 1.30 .026 .221 1.44 .03 .287
45 1.501 .035 .311 .04 .355
'(· 1.46 .033 .274 1.63

i1
50 1.667' .043· ' .379 1.62 .. 041 .332 1.80 .05 .430
60 2.001 .062 .535 '1.95 '.059 .463 2.17 .07 .601
'70 2.334 .085 .717 2.27 .080 .614 2.53' . 10 .769 .

••
80 '2.67 '110 ' ;924 2.60· ' .. 105 .757 2.89 .13 .986

::-;
''
90 '3.00 .140 ';1&0 2.92 .133' .943 3.25 .16 1.23
'' 100 3.34 .173 1.42 3.25 .. 164 1.15 3.61 '.20 1.50
110 3.67 .209 1.70 3.57 .198 1.37 3.97 ' .24 1.79
120 4.00 ' .249. 2.01 3.89 .236 1.62 4.33 .29 2.11
•,·
"
130 4.34 .292 2.35 ' 4.22 .277 1.88 4.69 .34 2.46
140 4.67 .338 2;71 '4.54 .321 2.16 5.05 .40 2.83
150 5.00 .388 3.10 4.87 .368 2.47 5.41 .45 3.22

i~.:
160 . 5.34 .442 3.52 5.19 .419 2.79 5.78 .52 3.64
170 5.67 .499 3.96 5.52 .473 '3.13' 6.14 .59 4.09

1EJO 6.00 '_56 4.42 5.84 '.530 '3.49 6.50 .66 4.56
190 6.34 .62 4.92 ' 6.17 .591 3.86 6.85 :73 5.06
200 6.67 .: .69 5.43 6.49 .655 4.26 7.22 .:81 5.58
220 7.34 .84 6.55 7.14 .792 5.12 7.94 .98 6.70

i:
240 8.00' .99' ' 7.76 7.79 .943 .6.04 8_66 1. 17 7.92

260 .8.67 9.24

 . . ... ·: .;, . . . . ..

IJ lngersoll·Dressel'
·.; ''

13ulilps .· ...· Cameron Hydraulic Data

·---:-- ---FrlcUon-ofWater · Asphalt•dipped Cast Iron and New:steel Pip-e·-
<Based on Darcy's Formula)
· 4 Inch .: · .· (Continued)
...
·Asphalt-dipped 'Std wt steel Extra strong steel · .. :

cast iron · · · .sch 40 sch 80 Schedule 160:--steel

; - . .
.
4.0" inside dia 4:025· inside dia 3.826" inside dia 3.438" intide dia
Flow
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve-:- Head Ve- . Ve- .. Head Ve- Ve- · Head
gal locity locity· loss l.ocity locity ·.ioss IC city '. locity loss lo city locity loss
per ft per head ft per. .tt per .heao .ft per .ft per .head ·.
ft per ft per head . 'ft per
min. ·- sec fl 100 ft sec .: . ft 100 ft .sec. ft .. 100 ft sec ft . 100 ft
.. ·'\ .. ...
20 .511 .004 .038 ;504 . 004 .. • 035.· . ~56 . .00 .045 ;591 .007 ~074
30 :1.66 .009 .076-.· :156 .009 ;072 : .·· . 84··. ·.: .01 ·.092 ·. 1;04 .017 .154
40 1.02 .016 .128 1.01 .016 .120 1.12 .02 ·.• 153 . 1_35 :030 ·. ~258
50 1.28 . 025 .194. 1_26 .025 ~179 . l.40 .. .03 .. .230 .1.73 .046 . ·.387 .
60 1.53. . 037 ··.273 1.51 : . 036' .• .250 . 1 :57· ;04 . ·.· .320 .. 2.07 .067 .• 540
.. .,
.10 1;79 .050 .365·- L76 .· .04a ... 330 . 1.95 .· .os .424. :2.42 .091>. .691 .
80 2.04 .. 065. • 470 ·,· _2.02 · .• .063 . ~422 .· 2.23 .08 .541 2.77 .119 .885
90 2.30 .082·· .• 588 2.27 . .,.;080 . . 523 2.51 . .10 .. .649 3.11 .150 . 1.10
'100 ·2.55 ... 101 .719 2.52. .099 . .613 2.79 .12 ;789 ". . 3.4.6 .155···· 1;34
: 110 2.81 .123 .862 2.17 .• 119. .732 3.!)7 .·. .1.5 .943. 3;80 .224, 1 .•61 . '

120 -aos .146 1.02 3.02 · •. '. .142 .861 .3.35 . . . it 1.11 : 4.15 . .267' 1.89
130 3;32 .171- 1.19 3.28 .167 1.0c:i 3.63 .20 1.29 ·.• 4.49 ·. .313 2.20
. ..
140 3;57 .199 1.37 ·3.53 : ;193 ·: . 1.15 3~91 . .24 1.48 . 4.84. .363 2.53
}50 3.83 '.220· 1.57 .3.78 .· :222. . 1.31 4,19-• . :21 1.69 .. · · . ·. 5.18. .417 ·2~89 . ·
160 4.08 .259 1.n. ·4.03 .. 253 1;48 4.47 ;31 1.91 .:. s.53 .475 3.26

170 .4.34 .293. 1.99 .4.28 .285 1.66 4.75 .35 . 2.14 5.88 ·.536 3.66
180 4.60 . 328 2.23 4.54 .320 . . 1.85 5.02.:·.· .39 2.38 5;22 .601·. 4;09
···190 4.85· .368 ,2.47. 4.79 :356 ··2.05 5.30 . .44 ·'2;64 6.57 .669 4.53
200 .·. 5.11 A06 2,73· 5.04. .395·· 2.25 5.58 .48 .: 2.91 .··. 6.91. .742 5.00
·220 5;62 .490 3.29 5.54 .:_.A78·· 2.70 6.14' .59 ·3;49 7.60 :897 -6.00
..
240 6.13 ;583 3.90 .6.05 .. 569 3;19 6.70 ~70 4~13 8.30 1.0T• 7;09
260 6.64 . 685 . 4.55 . 6.55. ;667 3.72· . 7.26 .82 4.81. EL99 1.25· 8.27 · .
;n4 :
.280 7.15 . . 794 5.26 7.06 : 4.28. 7.82 .95 5.54 9.68 1.45 9.55
300 7.66 ;912 ·.6.02· 7.56 '.888 4.89 . 8.38. 1.09 6~33 10.37 · 1.s1 10;9
320 8.17 1.04 .6.84 8.06 1.01 5.53 .8.94. 1.24 7.1?' 11.06 1.90 12.4
•.••• ,:
- -

:~·!·:· .
' ·----

. .-:.:'. Friction -··----

....

--·- - . friction of Water *New Steel I ~ipe (Continued)

:~
-· - .

(Based on Darcy's Forn,ula)

5 Inch
I
Standard wt steel-sch 40 Extra strong steel- ch 80 Schedule 160-steel
. :

::.,,
5.047" inside dia 4.313" inside dia
tt\
4.813" inside dt:a
Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity toss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per head It per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 n sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

£~
• I·

30 .481 .004 .024 .53 .00 .030 .659 .007 .051

40 .641 .006 .040 .71 .01 .051 .878 .012 .086

E
50 .802 .010 .060 .88 .01 .075 1.10 ,· .019 .128
60 .962 .. :014 .083 1.06 .02 .105 1.32 .027 .178
. ·'
I) 70 1.12 .020 .110 1.23 -. .02 .138 1.54 .037 .236

:I'l
., 80 1.28 .026 .140 1.41 .. 03 .176 1.76 .048 .301
90 1.44 .032 .173 1.59 .04 ' .218 1.98 .061 .373
100 1.60 '.040 .210 1.76 .05 .265 2.20 .075 .453
il 120
140
1.92
2.25
. 058
.078
.293.·.
.389
. 2.11 .
2.47 '.09
~07 .370
.491
2.64
3.07
.108'
.147
.612
.816

tt -, rj 160
180
200
2.57
2.89
3.21
.102
.129
.160 .
.480
.598
.728
2.82
3.17
3.52
.12
.16
.19
.607
.757
'.922
3.51
3.95
'4.39
.192
.243
.299
1.05
1.31
1.60

,,
~'.
220 3.53 .193 '· .870 '3.88 .23 1.10 4.83 .. 362 1.91
240. 3.85 .230. 1.03 4.23 :20 1.30 5.27 .431 ·2.25
' 260 4.17 .270 1.19 4.58 .33 1.51 5.71 .506 2.63
I 280 4.49 .313 1.37 .4.94. .38 .: 1.74 6.15 .587 3.02
300 4.81 .360 1.56 5.29 .43 '1.99 6.59 .674 3.45
320 5.13 .409 1.77 -5.64 .49- 2.25 7.03 .766 3.91

i;l
340 5.45 .462 1.98 5.99 .56 '. 2.52 7.47 .865 4.39

!; ·.
360 5.77 .518 2.21 6.35 .63 2.81 7.91 .970 4.90
4t11 380
400
420
6.09
6.41
6.74
.577
.639
.705
2.45
2.71
·2.97
6.70
1.05·
7.40 '
.70
.77
' .85
3.12
3.44
3.78
8.35
8.78
9.22
1.08
1.20
1.32
5.43
6.00
6.59
440 7.06 ' .774 3.25 7.76 .94' 4.13 9.66 1.45. 7.21

460 7.38 :
I)
. . . . .

lngersoH•Dress~r
. Pu_mps .· Cameron Hydraulic Data
Friction of Water · As.plialt-dipped Cast Iron andNew SteelPipe
(Based on Darcy's Formula) .· (Continued)
6·1nch

Asphalt-dipped Std wt steel Extra strong steel

cast iron· sch 40 sch 80 Schedule 160,-steel
·.
6.0" inside dia 6.065" inside dia 5.761" inside dia 5.187" inside dia ·
Flow
us. ·ve- Ve- ·Head Ve- Ve- Head ve- Ve- Head Ve:- Ve- ·Mead
. gal .' 1ocity lo city loss locity . . locity loss . lo city locity loss loclty locity loss
per ft per head· ft·per : ft per •. head ft per ft per head ·it per ttpsr · head ft ·per
miri . sec ft. ,100 n sec . ' ft 100 ft sec ft - 100 ft ·sec 'ft 100 ft
.. ..
so .57 . · .005 . 027 .56 . ;005 ·;025 · ... 62 .in .032 .759 -. 009 .053
60 . 68 .007 . - .038 .· ,67 .· .007_. ;034 : .74 . . 01. .044 .911 .013 · . .073
70 .79 . ;010 '.048 .. .78 .009 · -. ~045 .· ;86 .01 .· .• 058 1.06 .018 .096
80 ... .91 . . ;013 ·<~062 .89 .012 ~o57 . ;98 .01 .074 ..
1.22 · . . 023 .123.
90 1.02 .016 .077 • 1.00 . .016. ,071 .1.11 .02 .. 091 , .37 .029 .152
.,
100. 1.13 .020 . :094 1 .11 . .019 .1>86 ··1.23 • .02 .: .110 1 .. 52 .036 ..• 184
120. 1.36 .029' .132 ' 1.33 .. .028 ;120 1.48. .· .03 ;154 1.8.2 ~052 .256.
140 1.59 . ' .039 .• 176 1.55 .038 .. 158 1.72 . 05 .: . ;203 . 2.1'3 .070 . ·.- .340•
160 '·1.02 .051 .226 1.1a··· .049 .:.202 1.97 ,06 .260 2.43 .·. .092 .435
180 2.04 . 065. .283 .'2.00 .. .. 062 .251 2.22 .08 -: . · .. 323 .2.73 .1.16 .522
200 .·•·2.21, .080 .346 . .· 2.22···· .077 .. 304 2.46' .09 .392 3.04 .143' .635
··220 2.50 . :097 '~415. ·. . 2.44
. ' ..: . . .
·.· .·.093', . • ..363 2.71 .11 .··;45f '3:34 .i73· .760 ..
240· 2.72 . 115 .490 2.66 .110. . .411 2.96 · . :14 .. 530 3.64 .206 .. 895
260
280
· 2.95··
. 3.18
.135
'_157
.'571 2.89 ·.· . . 130 ·.· . ·.477.· .
.658 ·. 3.11 .150 .548.
·3.20 .
3.45
. 16
:19
. ~616
;708
3.95
.4..25
.242 . . 1.04
.281 ~.20
.
.

300 .: .3.40 .180 .752' 3.33 .172 .· ·.624 3.69 . · · .. 21 .807 4,55 '.322 · 1.36
320 3.63 ·.205 .851 3.55 .196 • 705 .3:94. · . :24 .911 4.86. .366 . 1~54
340 3.86 .231 ;957 3.78. .222. .790 . 4.19 .· .27 1.02 5.16 .414 · 1;73 .
360 4.08 .259 1.01· 4.00 .240 ·.880 4.43 .31 . 1.14 5.47 '.46.4 1.93
. 380 .4.31.· .289• .: 1.19 4.22 ~211 . • 975 4.68 ~34 . 1.26. 5.77 .. 517 2;14
.

'4.54 .320 1.01· .38 6.07 ·. .572 2.36

400 1.31 4.4~ .. 307 ... 4.93 1.39
.450 5.10 ·.403 1.65. 5.00 .388. .1.34 5.54- . '48 .1.74 6.82 .725 2.95
'500 5.67 .500 -', 2.02 5.55 ·. .479 . 1.64 6.16 ;59 2.13 . 7.59 .894 3.61
550 6.24 2;44 6.11. .580. ·. 1.97 . ·. 6.77 .71 2.55 8.35 .1.08 4.34
. .. 605.
,.)·
•·:;
... :
. '
. '
..
.. : .
•'

..
.
;
'

..
..
··-·· ··-

Friction
\

1·:·1 .. , ~

.:-~,
"
1.,

Friction of Water Asphalt-dipped Ca st Iron and-New Steel Pipe·

., (Based on Darcy's Forr nula) (Continued)

!f,_Ii
Slnch

Asphalt-dipped Std Wt steel E> tra strong steel

cast iron sch 40 sch 80 Schedule 160-steel
I
8.0'' inside dia 7.981" inside dia 7.625" inside dia 6.813" inside dia

i1
Flow '
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head
gal lo city locity loss locity locity ·loss· lociti lo city toss locity locity toss

tt J
per
min
ft per
·.sec
head
ft
ft per
100 ft
ft per
sec
head
ft
·ft per
100 ft .
ft pe
sec
head
ft
ft per
100 ft
ft per
sec
head
ft
ft per
100 ft

&( .· 130 .83 .011 .037 . ;83

.. 90
.011 . ;036
.042.
..
.91 . 01 ;046 .
.. 052
1.14 .020 .079

I
140 .89 .012 ·.042 .013 .98 .01 1.23 .024 ;090
150 .96 .014 .048 .96 .014 .047 1.05 .02 .059 1.32 .027 .102
It I\
. .
160
170
1.02-
1.08
.016
.018
.·.054
.. 060
· 1.03
1.09
.016 .053.
.018 . .059
. 1 .12
1.19
.02
.02
.066
.074
1 .41
1.50.
.031
. 035
.115
.128 .

El:I· -·
..
180 . 1.15 .021 .· .067 1.15 .: .021 .066 1.26 >.02 .082 1.58 .039 .. 142
190. '1.21 .023 .074 1.22 .023 .073. 1.33 .03 .091 1.67 .043 .157

-Z:.)
200 1.28 .025. .082 1.28 ' .026 .080 1.41 ·.o3 .099 1.76 .048 .172
"'i 220 . 1.40 .031 .098 1 .41 .031 .095 1.55- .04 .118 1.94 .058 .205
240 1.53 .. 037 .115. 1.54 .037 .111 1.69 .04 ' ;139 2.11 .069 .241

260 1.66 .043 .134 1.67 .043 .128 1.83 .05 ;161 2.29 . ·.081 .279
.. 280 1.79 .050 .154 1.80 .050 .147 1.97 .· .06 .184 2.46 .094 .320
300 . 1.91 .. 057 .175 1.92 .058 .167 2.11 .07 .209 2.64 .108 .350
' 350 . 2.23 .077 .235 2.24 .089 ~222 2.46 .09 .278 3.08 .1·47 .467
400 2.55 .101 -:303 2.57 .. 102 .284 2.81 .12 .343 3.52 .192 .601

i;
450 ·2.87 .. 128 .380 .2.89 .129 .341 3.16 .15 .428 3.96 .243 .750
500 ' 3.19 .158 . .465 ._3.21 .160 ;416 3.51 .19 .522 . 4.40 .301 .916
550 3.51 .191 .559 3.53 . · .193 3.86 .23 .625 4.84 .364 1.10
3.83 . .228 -~1 . 5.28
600. .661 3.85 .. 230 . 6 4.22 .28 .736 .433 1.30
:..:; 650 4.15 .267 .nz 4.17 .271 .682 4.57 .32 .857 5.72 .508 1.51

-1
:;
700 4.47 .310 .891 4.49 .313 ,785·. I.· 4.92 .38 .986 6.16 .589 1.74
750 4.79 . 356 -· 1.02 4.81 .360. ;595 • 5.27 .. 43 . 1.13 6.60 .676 1.98
800 5.11 .405 1.16 5.13 .409 · 1.01 5.62 . 49 1.27. 7.04 . .769 2.24
. 850 5.42 .457 . 1.30 5.45 .462 1.14 ·. 5.97 .55 1.43 7.48 .869 2.52
900 5.74 .513 1.45 5.77 .518 1.27 6.32 .62 1.59 . 7.92 .974 2.s1 ·
 ••
_ __I l 1~9ersoH·ltl'esser Pumps :. '. Cameron Hydraulic Datl!
. .

Friction of Water•· Asphalt~dipped Cast Iron and New Steel Pipe ·

(Bas~d on Darc_y's Formula) · _(Continued) . · ·
._ .10 Inch · · ··
.. · .

Asphalt-dipped .Std wt steel

east iron .sch 40
- Schedule 80 steel Schedule 160-steel

. _10.0" inside dia 10.020" inside dia 9~562" inside dia 8.500" inside dia
Flow
I
.
us
gai_.·
ve:- Ve- Head Ve-. · Ve- Head .ve- •. Ve-
· tocity
Head
·.loss
Ve- Ve- . Head
··1ociiy · 16city loss tocity. lodty loss... .toC:ity tocity locity . loss
pe( tt per head· ft per_ ft per head ft per f_t per head _ft per : · ftper head ft per
min sec .· . JI ·. 100 ff sec ft ··.· "1,00 ft sec It .. _100 ft sec ft .100 ft;

.--· 180 I.: .74 .008 :

.023 . ···-
·-
.73 .: .006 ;022 <804 · .010 .027 -. 1.02 .. 016 ;048
: 200 .82 ;010 .028:. :81 .010 .026. .. ~894 .012 .: .•• 033 1.13 .020 . .059
220 .90 ·. ,013 .. 032 ... 90 .· .013 .031 .963 •· .015 . .039 1.24 .. 024 . .070
. 240. .96 .015 .038 . ···.9a-···_ .015 .037" i .0.7 .018 ·~046 . ;1.36- .029 . ;082.
- 260. .· 1.06· .018 ·.044 1.06 · .· .017 . · . 042 . 1.16 .021 ·-.053 . ·.1.47 .034 _.094
.. 1.58:
280 1.14 .020 -~051 1.14 .020 .049. 1.25. .024 .061 .039 .108
300·· . 1.23 .023 .. 057. 1;22 ;023 .055. •"
1;34 .028 .069 .· .r .1.70 . .045 .. .123
. 350 . 1.43 . 032··. .077 1.42" .032 I ~073 1.56 "• .038 ~092 1.98 .061 .163
400 .1.63 .042 .. 099 1.63 .041 .093. 1.79 .050 .117 . ·2.26 .079 ·.208
450 ·._.1.84 ·-.053 .123. 1.83 .052 .• 116 2.01 .063 "• .. 145 -. 2.54 .100 .259

500 ·-2.04 .065 .150 2.03. ;064 . 140 2.34 .077. .·.• 177 2.83 .124 .. 304 .
550 2.25_ . . .07_9 ~180 2.24 :01a .167 2.46 .. .094 .211. 3.11 .150 .364
600 2.45 .093. ;213 2.44 .093 j97 . 2.68 .112 .. 239 . 3.39 ._179 .428
650 2.66 .110 · .r ;248. 2.64_ .109 . 228 . 2.90 .131 · . . 217 - 3.68 .210 .. .498
.
700 2:86 .· .127 .286. 2.85 .. 126 . ~25.3 .. . ·. 3.13. . 152. .319 3,95 ·.243: ;573 .

BOO 3.27 .166 .370 3.25 .165 .325 3.57 ;198 .410 •"
4.52 .318. 7.38
900
1000
3.68
4.09
.. 210
~259 ·.
A64
;569
3.66
-. 4.07
.208
..257.
.405:
,494_-.
4.02
4.47
.251
.310
.512
.625
. . 5.09
·. 5.65
"• .402
.496.
9.23
1;13
1100 .: .. 4.49 .314 . .685 4.48 .311 .592, 4.92 .375. .749 6.22 .600 .: 1.35
1200~ -4·:90 '."" -.·373-·
. . ·--.8·1-l ··- .:_4;88 ·- ,370 - -.699-.-. ·---.5.36-- ·-· A46-- ...:;884- ··--· 6.7.9- - .71A - c1.60.
I c
.1300 . 5.31 . .438 ,947 5.29 •.435 .· .814 5:81 .524 1.03 c 7.35 .839 1.86
1400 5.72 .508·. 1.09 5 -. 70 .504" .938 6:26 ,607 1.19 .. 7.92 .972 . _2.15.
 ,.,
t> ·. . ..

f
.Friction

-~c:\.~ .
'
., .

·I
~I ..
Friction of Water
- ·~·

Asphalt-dipped
(Based on Darcy's F.orm ula]
. .
12 Inch
Ca'; t Iron and New Steel Pipe

(Continued)
9\ I
Asphalt-dipped
cast iron
Std wt steel
sch 40 .Sd edule 80 steel Schedule 160 steel

12.0" inside dia 11.938" inside dia 11. !fl4" inside dia

E(
'~:··;
I 10.126" inside dia
Flow
us Ve- . Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head
I gal lo city locity loes locity lo city ·loaa locity locity loss locity locity loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft.per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft . sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
f 200 .57 .005 ;011 :.57 .005 .011 .632 .006 .014 .797 .010 .025
'.\

·IJ
250 ,' ,71 .008 ~017 . .72 .008 .017 .789 .010 .021 .996 .015 .038
9\' 300 ;85 .011 .024 .86 .012 .024. .947 .014 .030 1.20 .022 .052

:i
350 .99 .015 .031 1.00 .016 .031 1.11 .019 .039 1.39 .030 .069
400 1.13 .020 .• 040 1.15 .020 .040 .1.26 .025 .050 1.59 .039 .088
450 1.28 .025 ;o49 1.29. .026 . • 049. 1.42 . .031 .062 1.79 .050 ;110
· i.ss
\ .060 . 1.43

,;:
500 1.42 .031 .032 .• 060 .039 . 076 1.99 . .062 .133
550 .1.56 .038 .072 1.58. .039 .071 1.74 .047 .090 2.19 .075 .159
600 1.70 .045 .085 ' 1.72 .046 .083 1.90 .056 .106 2.39 .089 .187
700 1.99 . 061 .114 2.01 .063 . .111 2.21 .076 .140 ·2.79 .121 .240
"

:·• .I;\·
800 2.27 .080 .147 2.29 .082, ;142 2.53 .099 .180 . 3:19 .158 .308
900 2.55 .101 .184 2.58 .103 .176 2.84 .125 .216 3.59 .200 .384
1000 2.84 .125 .225 2.87 .128 .207 3.16 .155 .263 . 3.98 .246 .469

:i,_
i 1100 3.12 .151 .271 3.15 .154 .247 3.47• . 187 .315 4.38 .298 -, .562
1200 3.40 .180 .320 3.44 .184 .291 3.79 .223 .371 4.78 ;355 .663

1300 3.69 .211 ,374 3.73 .216 ·.339

4.11 .262 .432 5.18 .416 .772
1400 3.97 .245 .431 4.01 .250 .390
'4,42 .303 .497· 5.58 .483 .889
1500. 4.26 .281 .493 ' 4.30 ;281 .444
·4.73 .348.
l
J
1600 4.54 ·.320 .558 4.59 .327 . • 502
5.05 .396
. .566
.• 640
5.98
6.37
:554
,631
1.02
1.15
'1800 . 5.11. .405 .702 5.16 .414 ·S.68
.629 .501 .• 802 7.17 .. 798 1.44

:.
-:soo · · · ------ -- -· ··- , .... -- ·- - ·-- - . '
.. - 2000~ -~57- --.8'62: - --5:--1~r · · -:-511- - :-169-··. 6.32
, .....

.. 619 .981 7.97 .985 1.76

2200 6.24 .605 1.04 6.31 .618 (.92~ 6.95. .749 1.18 8.77 1.19 2.12
2400 6.81 .720 :l.23 6.88 .735 1,3.!~ 7.58 .891 1.39 9.56 1.42 2.51
. 7.38. 1.67.
·.1 ). lngersoll·Dft!sser Pllmps · Caill.eronHydraulicData-
. Friction of Water (Con tin Lied) ·
(Based on Darcy's Formula) . . · .
. . Asphalt-dipped cast iron. and new steel pipe
": .. .... .. ..

14 Inch · 15 loch

Asphalt-dipped New·steel 'Asphatt-dipped New steel

cast iron schedule40 '
·cast iron schedule 40

14.0" inside dia 13.124" inside dla 16.0" inside dia 15.000" inside dia ..
Flow r-----.-,.......,--,-...---,.....-+--...,..,.,...----.---,---11 Flow
us Ve- Ve~ . Head ·. Ve- · Ve- Head . u s Ve~ Ve~.·. He~d ·Ve-: Ve- Head.
gal locity loCity· loss locity locity loss gal · locity locity loss lociity locity .loss·
per ft per · head ft per ft per head ft per per ft per.' head ftper . ft per head ft per
min . sec ft· .. ·.·
',
.100 ft sec,. ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft sec . f( : 100 ft
.' .
300. .625 .006 •, ;011 ·.· .712. .008' -. ~015 500' .798 · .. oio Jl1'; .908 '• .013 ;020
400:' .834 .011 .019' ' ;949 .014 :.025 600 .957 .014 .020 ·1.09 .018 .027
500 .··1~04 . 017· '• .028' 1.19' .022 .038 700. 1.12. ~019 .027' 1.27 •. :025 ;036 ..
600. 1.25 .024 .039 1.42 ·.031 .052 800 1;28 .. 025. ~035' · 1.45 .033 ~· .046 · ..•
700 1.46 . 033' . 053 •' 1 .. 66 .043 :010 900 1.44' .032 ~043 ·. 1.63 ;041 ·.o5& . .
'•'

800 1;67 .043 .068 1.90 .056 ,;089 1000 1.60' .040 .053' · ·.1.82 .051 .070
900 1.88 .055 .085. 2.14 .071 '.111 ' 1200 '1.92 .057 '.0.75' 2.18 .074 .098
1000 2.08 .067 .103 2.37 .087 .1'34 ,' • 1400 '2.23 .077 .100 2.54 .100 .130
1106 2.29 .082 .124 .2.61, .106 .160 1600 2;55 .101 . . 130 '2,91 .131, .161'
1200 2;50 . 097 ;147 2.85 .126 ~182 · 1500 2.87 . .128 ' ,162 :t27 .16$ .201
. '

jgg
1300 2:71 :114 '.171 .3.08 .148 ;212 2000 3.19 .158 3.63 '.205 .245'·.··
1400 2.92- -.132. .. 197.' 3,32 · .. 171 .243 . · .•2500 ·, 3.99·· .247 .306 '4.54 .320 .374' .
1500 3.13 .152 .225' 3.56 .196 .277· . ·•3000 4.79 .356'', .. 436 5.45 .460 .530
1600 3.34 .173 '.255 3.80 .~223 .313 3500 5.59 .484 .589 6.35 .627 .71.2
.: 1700 . 3.5~ .195
. • 286
'
4.03 .2s2· . .351 4000 5;35 .632 .764 7.2~ . :819 ;920 .' ·
"

~:g:.
'

'.283 .. 391 .· '' 4500 .962. "

. . 1800 '3.75 .218 '.320 4.27 7.18 .800 8.17 1.15
, _4.51
''

1900 .. 3.96 .243 .. 355 ;315 A34 .: .5000' ·.?.98 :988 1.18 9.08 1.42.
2000 ' 4.17 ,210 .392 4.74 .349 '• • ;478' 6000 9.57' 1.42 1;&9 10.89 .1:84 I 2.01
2500 5.21.· .421 ., .605 5.93, .546 ~732, ' ,7000 11.17 ,' L94 2.29 i2.71 2.51 2.72
3,()00 6.25 .607 .864 ., 7.12 ~786 1.0~ '8000 12.77 2.53 2.98 14.52 3.27 3.53
•, -. " '

3500 · 7;30 .826 1.17' 8.30 '1.07 1~40 ,·' 9000 14.36 3.20 3.77 16.34 '4.14 ·4.44.
.,,
···,·
:>.}
Friction

,. t.
,I·
' '
Frictio.n of Water (Con1inued)
(Based on Darcy's Form la) . ·
Asphalt-dipped cast iron arid new steel pipe
''
·

.. .
.'\ 18 Inch 20 Inch
:

Asphalt-dipped New steel ·Asphalt-dipped New steel

cast iron schedule 40 cast iron schedule 40

18.0" inside dia 16.876" inside dia ~0.0" inside dia 18.812" inside dia
Flow Flow
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head us Vt - Ve- Head Ve- " Ve- Head
gal locity locity loss locity locity loss gal lo~ity. locity loss locity lo city ·loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head· ft per . per ft er head ft per ft per ·head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft min s Ic ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
I
500 .630 .006 .008 .717 .008 .011 800 .010 .012 .923 .013 .015
600 .756 .009 .012 .861 .011 .015 1000 .8r
1.' 2 .016 .0.17 ' 1.15 .021 .023
700 '.883 .012 .016 1.00 :016 .020 1200 1. 3 .023 '.025 1.39 .. 030 .032
800 1.01 .016 .019 1.15 .020 .026 1400 .032 .033 1.62 .041 .. 043
·' 900 1.14 .020 ·.024 1.29 .032 ' 1600 1~;~
1. 3 .041 .042 1.85 .053 .055
. .026
1000 1.26 .025 .029 1.43 .032 .039 1800 1.~4 .052 .053 2.08.· ·.067 .068
1200
' 1400
1600
1800
1.51
1.77
2.02
2.27
.036
,048
.063
.080
.041
.056
~072
.090
1.72'
2.08
2.96
2.58
.046

.082
.103
.055
.063 .· .073
·.093
.116
2000
2400
2800
'• 3200
2r
2. 5.
2. 6
3. 7
'.065
.093
.127
.166
.065
.091
.123
.159
2.31
2.77
3.23'
3.69
.083
.119
.162
.212
.083
.112
.150
.193
2000'' 2.52 .099 .110 2.87 .. 128 .137 · 3600 3. SB .210 .199 4.16 .268 .241
2500 3.15 .154 .• 168 3.59 .200 ~208 4000 4. pg .259 .245 4.62 .33i .295
3000 3.78 '. .222· ;239 4:30 .287 .294 . . 5000 -5, ~o .405 .377 5.77. .517 .452
3500 4.41 .302 .323 5.02 .391 .394 ·. 6000 6.~3 .583 .539 6.93 .744 .641.'.
4000 5.04 .395 .418 5.74 .511. .508 7000 7.i5 .793 .728 8.08 1.01 .862
4500 5.67 .500 ;525 6.46 .647 .637 8000 1.04 .946 9.23 1.32 1.12
5000 6.30 .617 .647 7.17 .798 .. 780 9000 8J7
9. 9 1.31 1.19 10.4 1.68 1.40
6000 7.57. .888 . 924 8.61 1.15 1.11 10,000 .1 .2' 1.62 1.47 11.5 2.07 1.72 •
7000 8.83 1.21 1.25 10.0 1.57 '1.49 12.000 1: .3. 2.33 2:10 13.9 2.98 2.45
' 8000 10.1 1.58 1.63 11.5 2.04 1.94 .14,000 1• .3 3.17 2.85 16.2 4.05 3.32

9000 11;3 2.00 2.05 12.9' 2.59 15,000 1 .3 ,3.64 3.27 17.3 4.65 3.79
10,000 .12.6 2.47 2.52 1.4.3 ·3.19 16.000 11 .3 4.14'' '3.71 18.5 5.29 4.31
 •.,., ,

I)-lngersoll·DRsser Pulnps... Cameron Hydraulic Data

,.,. ,.
JI'-
I~)

·liira'
.j
Friction of Water (Continued) ' ·1.~
. . (Base(i on Darcy's Formula) •. . .·
Asphalt;.dipped cast iron and new
. . . steel pipe .

·..)
. . . ·. . . . . . . '

24 Inch 30 Inch

-Asphalt-dipped
cast iron
New steel
• schedule 40·
·Asphalt-dipped
cast iron
New steel
schedule-30
ee:
24.0" inside dia · . · : 22.624;, iriside.dia 30.0" inside dra 28.750"'inside dra
' '
Flow
'
Flow.
.•
'

us ·Ve~ Ve-.· Head . . Ve- Ve" · Head :US .: ve-. Ve- Head Ve-. Ve- Head
gal
per "
lo city
tt. per
iocity
head.
·loss . lo city
ft per ft per
iocity loss
head ft per
gal
per.
lo city
ft per
locity Joss·
head. ft per.
IOcity
ft per
locity . loss
head ft per
'.1C··
~ ·.·'
tf#i
.. }:
·.min · :Sl!!C ' ft' 100 .ft sec ' .ft .100 fi min sec ; ft 100 ft sec ft' .·· ten ft ·•·

, IC
·.
• 800 .56,7 ', ';()05 ;005 :638 .006 ;Q06 ' 1000 '454 .003 .002 .494 .004 ;003

t•-~cl
1000 .709 .008 · .007 .798 .010 .·.009 1200 :545 . .005' .003 ',593 .005 .004
1200 .851 .on .010 .958 ',014 ;Of3 .... 1400 ;535 .006 .005 .692 .0()7 '.005' .~: '

1400 .993 '.<015 .013' 1.12 ;019. ;017 1600 ' .726 ·.008 ··•.006 .. 791 .010 . . 007 .··~
i
'

.025 .022, ·. 1800 .817 ~Q1(). .007 .' .890 ;012 . .009
A. .·. , ',

1600 1.14 .020· .017 1.28

f '.·· .
'•

" ·.· .
1800 ' 1.28 .025' ;021 1.44 .032 • 028·· · '2000 .;908 .013 .009 '_;988' .0.15 .010 i
2000 1.42'' .031
2400. 1';70' .045'
.026 ·1.60
.037 1.92
. ~040 .034,•
.057 - .047'
2400 1:09 ·. .o18
2800 ,' 1.27 .. 025·
.012
.016
l.19 .;
' 1.38 :g~~ '• :.015
.019
2800 ·.1.99 ' .061 .049' '. 2.24 .078' .063 .3200 1.45 .033' .021 1.58 ·". 039 ,;025
3200 2.27., :000 · .063 2 .. 55 .101 .080
'
3600 .1.63 . 04.t·' .026; 1.78 .• .049 .031
: ·t.~·. · ·· _._'.·
.35'00· 2.55 .t01 .019 2.87 " :128' ·.096 -: -. 4000 ·1.02 ;051, . . · .032 l.98 .061 .037 . t:~ .·.•...
·~
;I

.158 .· .118: ·, 5000 ··2.21> 2.47·

.•. '.:
4000 2:84 ·:125'' .097 3.19 .080' .048 ,095 .057
,· .5000 .3.55 .. 195 •, .. 149 3.99 .247' . • 179 60·00 2.72 .115. ' .069 '2.97 .136 .077 .)
6000· 4.26 •, .281 : '.212 . • 4:79 .356, .254 7000 3.18 .092' 3.46 .186 ".103 ,,

~- ·e,·
~·
7,000 4.9& .. 383 j97 5.59 ' .484 · . :.341 8000 3.63 .205' '· .119 ,· 3.95'
;157 .243'. .133 '' ' .\.
c.

i
" "

l··c· )-
8000· 5.67 .500 ~372 .;633 .. 440 9000 4.09" .259 ·. .150 '4.45 .307. .166
9000 6.38' .632 ' .468,. '.801 .552 10;000 4.54 .320 .184 '4:94 ~379' .203 ,',•
10,000 7.09 .rar .575'• .989 I • 67&; '12,000 5.45.' ' A60 · .. 263 . 5:93' .546' .287'
.627 .: .355'
'

12,000 8.51 1.12 .823 l.42 ~!IUZ'" 14,000 .6.35 6.92 ;743 '.386 . ''i
14,000 9.93 1.53 1.11 11.2 .1 -.94 '• .1.30 ·. 16.000 ,7.26 ' ' ~819 .461 '· 7.91 .970 .500
"

16,000 :11.3 2.00 ' 1.45 '12.8 2,53 '· :1;68 18,000 8.17 .•. 1.04 .. 581 8.90 1:23 .627
.'•·.
..)
. .
-- - --
.i">,
-
.
.Friction
;~·

I .
,, )

Friction of Water(Con~;nuedJ
c:.· Asphalt~dipp~d
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
cast iron and m ~w steel pipe

•:ft.:-:·! 36 Inch. . . 42 Inch

c··
Aspnan-cfppec New steel 42.0" inside dia

.,\
cast iron schedule 40
-, i Cast
36.0" inside dia 34.500" inside dia iron
Flow Fow asphalt New
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve· Head 4s Ve- Ve- dipped steel

C'
m
gal locity locity loss lo city locity loss lo city locity
. per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
~al
er ft per head Head loss
.i"' min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft ii'in sec ft . ft/100 ft

it> 1400
1600
.441
.504
.003
.004
.002
.002
.480
.549 ..
.004
.005
.002
.. 003
~000
000
.463
.695
.003
.007
.002
.004
.002
.003
1800 .567 . 005 .003 .618 .006 . . 004 . ~000 .926 .013 .006 .006
2000 .. 630 .006 .004 .686 ~007 .. 004 !5000 1.16 .021 .009 .009

E'., : sooo
2400 .756 .009 .005 .824 .011 .006 1.39 .030 .013 .012

·.883 .012.
II) .
2800 .007 .961 .014 .008 7000 1.62 .041 .017 .017
-. 3200

:1.)
1.01 .016 .008 1.10 .019 ~010 ·BOOO 1.85. .053 .• 022 .021
3600. 1.14 .020 .010 1.24 .024 .013 9000 2.08. .067 .027 .026
•.
4000 1.26 .. 025 .. 013 .1.37 .029 . .()15 1 ),000. 2.32 .083 .034 .032
5000 1.58 ·.. 039 .019 '1.72 . 046 ·.023 1 ,000 . 2.55 .101 .040 .037

6000 1.89 .056 .027 2.06 .066 .033 12.000 2.78 .120 .048 .043
. 7000 2.21 .076 .037 2.40 .090 .. .043 '14.ooo '3.24 .163 . 064 .058 .
8000 2.52 .099 .048 2.75 .. 117 .054 11p,000. 3.71 .213 .083 ·.015
~; 9000
10,000
2.84
.3.15
.125.
.154
;o&o
.073
3.09
3.43
.148
.183
.067
.082
1 s.ooo
2P,OOO
. 4.17
4.63
.270
·.333
.. 104
.128
.094
.114

=:-) 12,000
14,000
16,000
3.78
4.41
5.04
.222
·.302
.395
.104
.140
. 182
4.12
4.81
5.49
.. 263
.358
.468
.115
.155
.200 .
zs.ooo
30,000
3~.000
5.79
6.95
·5.11
.520
.749
1.02
.198
.282
.382
.175
.249
.335

c;
18.000 5.6( .500· .228 61.18 .592 .250 4P.OOO 9.26 1.33 .497· .434
20,000 6.30 . 617 .• 281 6.86 . 731 .. 307 4),000 . 10.4 1.69 .626 . .545
-
25,000 .962 a.se 1.14 .471 5,),000 11.6 2.08 .771 .669
 Friction of Water (Continued)
. . .. . (Based ol"I Darcy's Formula) ·... · . .
Asphalt-dipped cast iron and new steel pipe
481nch · 54 Inch

·.
48.0" inside dia 54.0" inside dia

Cast . .Cast
iron . iron .
Flow asphalt New • Flow asphalt -. · . · New .
us . . : . dipped. • . steel · .us.·· dipped steel
Velocity ·1-' ...__ __ .-.1
Velocity
gal . Velocity gal.·. . Velocity .
per ft per · head · head loss · · . . Per. ··. ft per head
•.min sec . It ft/100 ft .·min .sec . ft .: ···•· hud.
ftper l100
oss tt.

2000 .355 .: .002 . · .001 .00~ . 10.000 1.40 · .. 030 . . 010 . ;009
<3000 . 532 .004 ·.·. ;002. <002 ·12.000 . 1.68 ... . ;044 . .013. . .013.
aooc :109 . .,
'.008·· . 003 .• 003 .·.14.000 . . 1.96 :.060 · .: .018 . . .017
5000. .881 .012 .005 .. 005 .16.000 .2.24 .. 078. ~023 I .022
6000 -. 1.06 . .018 .007 . • . 006.. .. 18,000 '. 2.52 .099 . ;029. .027•
•· ..
. 7000 . 1.24 ·:o24 ;009 . . 009 20,000; .·•. 2.80 .122 .. 036 ;033
8000. 1.42 .031 .011 . 010 22.000 3.08 ;147 . .043 .. 039 '. · .
. 9000 . 1.60 .040 ;014 .014 .. 24.000 3.36 . .175 •. 051 .• 047 .
. .
10,000 .: 1.77 ·.·. .049 ;017 ;017. 26,000 . . 3.64.··· •' .... 206. .• .: 059 .·• .• 054
.... 12.000. ·.·• 2;.13 . · . Q70 .024 . 0.23 -20.000··· .3 -. 92 .. .. .239. .. Q69. . . ;062
··. . . ..
14.000 . .·· 2.48 .096 • 033. . ·<031 30,000 . 4.20 . .. 274 '. ,079 .: .·· .071 · .
16.000 2.84 • ,125 .042· . ... 039 35.000. 4.90 .373 .. 106 ., . •• 096 .. ·
18.000 . · . 3.19 . . .158 .• 053 .· .048.'· . 40,ooo:. 5.60 ··. .487 ..137 .123
20.000 3.55 . .195 · .0&5·· · -.' .. 05( ·.45.000 ·.·.·. 6.30 .617 . .173 .154
25;000 4.43 ;304 <100 ''.092 50.000 .1:00 .. 761 . .•.. 213 . . ..• 189 ·.
...

30,000 5.32· . ,439 ~143 .130 ••.··•·.eo.ooci · 8.41 1.10 . .. 304 .. '. ;:267
35:000< .6.21 .· .598. . 193 .175 .: -70.ciOO 9.81 '1.49 . .412 .360
. 40.000 . 7.09 . 779 .251 . .225 •:80.000 11 ;2 1.95 <;536.. .465
45.000 . 7.98 .. 9~7 .. 316 .219· . 90.000 12.6 . 2.47 . · , ·.676 ., .. 584 .
50.000 8.87 -. J.22 :.389 .340 '100,000 14.0 3.05 .· ... 833 .7.17.

55.000. . .: 9.75 1.47. • 469' ·. :406 . 110,000 . 15.4 3.69 J.0.1. . ;862
 .),,.) '' .

.,C'
c:,
I

Friction
'

Friction of Water ··New Steel I ~ipe (Continued)

•.,r. . '
·.(Based on Darcy's Fori nu la)
. '

-, 60 Inch 72 Inch 84 Inch.

·:·
) Nominal size Nominal siz~ · Nominal size

·1··
60.0" inside dia 72" inside d a 84.0" inside dia
Flow

C:~
Flow Flow
us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head
gal lo city lo city loss gal lo city lo city loss gal locity lo city loss
per ft per head ft per per ft per head ft per per ft per head ft per

c
ti,· min

14,000
sec

1.59
ft

.039
.
100 ft

.010
min sec

' 1 .42
ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft
.I '1 18,000 .031 .007 24,000 1.39 .030 .005
,. 16,000 1.82 .051 .013 ·20.000 1.58 ' .039 .008 26,000 1.5l .035 .006

E
') 18,000 2.04 .065 . 017 22,000 . 1.73 . .047 .010 28,000 1.62 .041 .007
20,000 2.27
a.I.'
.080 .020 24,000 1 .89 .056 .012 30,000 1.74 .047 .008

t
22.000 2.50 .097 .023 26,000 2.05 .065 .013 35,000 2.03 .064 .011
.' 24,000 2.72 .115 ~027 '28,000 2.21 :016 .015 40.000 2.32 ·.083 .014
· ~. 26.000 2;95 .135 .032 '30,000 2.36 .087 .018 '.45,000 2.61 .105 .017
.'.J 28,000 3.18 .157 .037 35,000 2.76 .118 .023 50.000 2.90 .130 .021
'\ 30,000 3.40 .180 .042 40,000 3.15 .154 .029 55.000 3.18 .157 .025
35,000
·'{' 3.97 .245
'
.056 45,000 • 3.55 .195 .03~ 60,000 3.47 ' .187 .029

i{ ·I
.I
40.000
45,000
·50,000
' 60,000
70,000
4.54
5.11
'5.67
' 6.81
.320
.405
.500
.719
.. 072
'.091
.111
;,157
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000 .:
.3.94
4.73
5.52
6.30
.241
.347
.472
.617
'.045
.063
.085
.110
70,000
80,000
90,000
.100,000
4.05
4.63
5.21
5.79
.255
.333
.421
.520
.039
.051
.. 063
.078
7.94 .979 '.212 90,000 7.09 .781 .137. 110,000 6.37 .629 .093 I

•••
i~,
80,000 9.08 1.28 . . 274 100,000' ' 7.88 .964 120,000 .S.95· .749 .110
90,000 10.2 · 1.62 I .168
.345 110,000 8.67 1.17 .203 130,000 7.53 .879 .129
100,000 11.3 2:00 .423 120,000 9.46 1.39 .240 .140,000 ' 8.11 1.02 .149
110,000 .12.5 2.42 .509 130,000 10.2 1.63 .280 150,000 8.64 1.17 .170
.120,000 13.6 2.88 .603 140,000 11.0 1.89' .323. 160.000 9.26 1.33 .192

~: 130,000 . 14.8 3.38 .705 150,000 11.8 2.17 .370 170,000 9.84 1.50 .216

:;
140,000 15.9 3.92 .815 . 160,000 12.6 2.47 .419 180.000 10.4 1.69 .242
150,000 17.0 4.50 .933 170,000 13.4 7.89 .472 190,000 11.0 1.88 ;269
160,000 18.2 5.12 1~06 180.000 14.2 3.12. .• 528 200,000 11.6 2.08 .297
I
. 170,000 19.3 5.78 1.19 190,000 15.0 3.48 .587 25Q,000 14.5 3.25 .459
I;) Ingersoll-Dresser Pu..,ps - ····-- _,..·._.,
..
'-'·
-
-·-- ·.
---· -·----· -··,.-·--· -,-.: ----·-··---':--.--·
Cameron Hydraulic Data ·
__

Friction of Water · New Steel Pipe (Continued) .

. ., .
(Based on Darcf s Formula) · ·
96 In.ch.· · 10s Inch. 12Dlnch

·Nominal size. Nominal. size Nominal size

96.0" inside dia 108.0" inside dia 120.0" inside dia

Flow· Flow Flow· .
ve-. us ve-
'.

US·· Ve~ Head us Ve- Ve" Head Ve- :Head

gal · locitY : locity · Jess.: gal .to city locity loss gal locity locity .tess
per · , ft-per head ft .per per · .ttper head ft per per : ft.per head .ft per .:
min ·.· ·sec · ft . 100 ft. min· - se~ · ft 100_~· · min ·sec . ft: .. 100 ft
.
12,000. .532 ; . 004- .001 15,000 .525 .004 ~001 ..· . 20,000 ;557 . :005 .• 001·
14,000 . ·.621. .006 .001 . 20,000 .700 :000 .001 30,000 .851 .011 < .·· .001
. '. 16,000 ;709 .. 008 ., ;001 .· 25,000 .876 :012 ·.002•• .. 40,000 U4 -, 020 ';002
. 18,000 .798 .010 ~002 ·. 30,000 , LOS · .. 017. ~ .002 . 50,000 1.42• .031. ·.· '.004
20,000 .887 · .·.012 · ;002 I .. 35,090 1.23 . . 023 · ... 003 60,000 .·_.1:10 .045 .005
:. .

1 Ao
..
.··· -. · 22,000 . ;975. '.015 .002 . 40,000 .oso .oo4 70;000 1.99 . .os: .007 .:
. 24,000 1.06 -. ·.o_ia· ...• 003 . 45:000 1.58 .. 039 '. .005 ·. ·, 80;000 2.27 .080 .009.·.
26,000 1.15 .021 .. 003 ·. 50,000 1.7.5 •. . .048 .· ·.006 90,000 2;55 .101 . . 011:
28,000 .1.24 :024 .'. <004 .: 60,000. . 2.10 . .069 ·. ;009 :. 100,00(l '. 2.84 .125_· . .013
30.0~0. ·1.33_ ~027. .Oo4 .· .: 70.000 . 2.45 .093 .T ;011 110,000 3.12 . .151 .016

40;000
50,000
'1.77:
'. 2.22
~049 '. ;007 '..
.076·· .:-, 011 . ·•· 2:80 •
3.15 · -~g:ggg .122.
.154
.015 .
.01a .
1.20,000
130,000
3.40
3,59
.1.80
.211
;019
·.022
. 60.000. 2.66·. .110 .015. 100.000 3.50 .190 .022 . 140;000 .: 3.97 '. .. 245 .025
70,000 3.10 J 49 v . .o~o · 110;000 3.85 .230 .• 027·. '. 150,000 . 4.26 .281 .028 ·
... ; 80,000 3.5? .. 195 :_ .026 . .120.000 :4;20 .274 . •031 ·: 160,000 .· 4.54 .· .320- \032

so.ooo 3.99 .247.· '. .Q33 130.000 4.55. .324_ .· .. 037. . 170.000 '4.83 .361 · ·.036. -~·
100.000 .' 4.43 .305 .040 140,000 . . 4.90 .. 373. . :042 . . 180,000 . 5.11 .405 ·-;040 .•
11 o.ooo . 4.88 . ;359 .. ~048 150,000 s.25·.· .428 :;048. , 190,000 5.39 .451 .045
izo.oco . 5.32 . .439 · ;05&;. • 160,000 .5'.60' .487 .054· 200.000 . 5.67 .500 .049 .
_ 130._000 .· 5.76 . .515 -: .066 170,000 5.95 . •,5_50 .061 250,000 7.09 .78i .076
. '.

140,000 6:21 ,595, . '. .076 180,000 .· . 6.30 . .617, .068 . 300,000 8.51 1.12 .· .. 108 -.
· rso.ooo . 6.65 .686 . .. 087 190.000 6.65 · .. 667 .076 350,000 9.93 1.53 .145
160,000 .7.09. .781 ·-.098 200,000 • 7 .00 .761 .o84 · · 400.000 -11.3 2.00 ·.188
170,000 7.54 .' .861 .110 250.000 . 8.76 1:19 ;129 ·. · 450;ooo 12,5 2.53. .. 237
· 180.000 ; 7,95 :988. .123 300;000 .r · 10.5 . 1~ 71 ;183 . 500,000 14.2 •. 3.12 .291_.
 •.,, \

I
-·· ...
.
'
·-.

Friction
:··. .... j
. .. . .. .... ··'·'.-·'

•••
·-
Friction of Water New Steel Pipe (Continued)

r';'
. .....
(Based on Darcy's .For1 ~ula)
1441nch 168 Inch 192 Inch
Nominal· size Nominal si.i e Nominal size
.
144.0" inside dia 168.0" inside 1 ~ia 192.0" inside dia

::;
,.
Flow Flow Flow
us Ve- Ve- He.ad us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head

{•:
gal locity locity loss gal lo city locity loss gal lo city locity loss
per ft per head ft per peF ft per head ft per per ft per head ft·per
min sec ft 100 It min sec ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft

30,000 .591 .005 .001 50,000 .724 .008 .001 60,000 .665 .007 .001
40,000 .788 .010 .001 60,000 .868 .012 .001 . 80,000 .887 .012 .001

··)
50,000 .. 985 .015 .002 70,000 1.01 .016 .001 .o19 .001

IE
·, 100.000 1'11
60,000 1.18 :022 .002 80,000. 1.16 . 021 ~002 120.000 1.33 .027 . ·.002
70,000 1.38 ;030 .003 90,000 1.30 .026 .002. 140,000 1.55 .037 .003

i
) .:
80.000 1.58 . .039 ·.004 100,000 · 1.45 .osa .003 150,000 1.66 .043 . .003
90.000 . 1.77 .049 .005 . .120.000 1.74 .047 .004 .160,000 1.77 .049 .003
. '
) '. . . 100,000 1.97 · .oso .006 . 140.000 ·2.03 . 064 .005 180,000 2.00 .062 . .004
110,000 2:17 .073 .006 150.000 2.17 .073 .005 200,000 2.22 .076 .005
)· .: ·. 120,000 2.36 .087 .. 008 ·160.000 2.32 ~-.083. .. 006 220.000 2.44 .092 .006
,.
f·:;

:·'\
130.000 2.56 .102 .. 009 180,000 2.61 .105 .008 240,000 2.66 .110 .007
• 140,000 2.76 '118 .. 010 200,000. 2.90 .130 .009 250,000 2.77 .119 .007
150.000 2.96 .136. .011 . 220.000 3.18 .157 .011 260,000 2.88 .129 .008
160.000 3.15. .154 .• 013 .• 240.000 3.47 .187 .013 280.000 3.10 .149 .009
170.000
... ·
3.35 .174 ·.015 250,000 3.62 .203 ' .014 ·. 300.000 3.32 .172 .010
~f>. 180,000. 3.55. .195 .016 . 260,000 3.76 .220 ·.01s 350,000 3.88 ·.233 .014
190,000 3.74 .217 .018 .· 280,000 4.05 .255 .018. 400,000 4.43 .305 .018
4 • ,i 200.000 3.94 .241 .020 300,000 4.34 .293 .020 450,000 5.00 .386 .022
. I:
250.000 4.93 .316 .030 350,000 5.07 .398 .027. 500,000 ·5.54 .476 .027
4 ~ _·,
.' 300.000 5.91 .542 .043 400.000 5.79 .520 i
I .035 600,000 6.65 .686 .039
~ .o-J .

+·· 350,000 6.90 :138 .058 ·. 450,000 6.51 .658 .043 700,000 7.76 .934 .052 ..

:!
400,000 7.88 . 964 .075. 500,000 7.24 .813 .053 . 800,000 8.87 1.22 .068
.· 450,000 8.87 1.22 .094 600,000 . 8.68 1.17 .076 . 900,000 9.97 1.54 .085
. 500,000 9.85. 1.51 .116 700,000 10.1 1.59 .102 1,000,000 11.1 1.91 .104
600.000 11.8 2.17 • 165 800,000. 11.6 . 2.08 .133 . 1.200.000 13.3 2.74 .149
 ·. . . .

· 1 ) . Ingersoll-Dresser. Pumps . Cameron IJydraulic n·ata

·Friction Losses In SmoothTubing -~~d Pipe

Copper Tubing (Type K, L and M)-· S.P.S. Copper and BrassPipe, Plastic
and Glass Pipe.·.• . · . · · · . · . · . . . . . . ·. · · .· _··.· .· .
Smooth copper tubing and pipe,· brass pipe, plastic and glass pipe are
available in various sizes and, types to. meet individual requirements as
specified-sizes may be different than standard. To avoid the. necessity of
interpolation and applying correction factorsto.the.valuesfor .cast.iron.and.steel
pipe, a.special.set oftables,is.included.herewith on pages 3-34to 3-48 figured on
the basis -of commercially available copper tubing, and S;P .S. copper 'and brass
.·. pipe.: • . .· . . .. . . . · · .· . ... · .. · .·· · · · . . · .· ·
· - . · Thesetables are calculated usingthe Darcy-Weisbachequationisee page 3~3)
-. · • and basisanabsoluteroughness parameter of0.000005 (see page 3;5);since this
'roughness parameter applies to. very smoothpipeor tubing a· safety factor.
· should'. be applied in those 'easesto compensate-for possible. questionable ·
conditions; .as .discussed on page, 3~5 it is suggested that for mostcommercial .
design.piirposesa aafetyfactor of 15to 20%be addedto the headloss values in
the table's. . .. . . ... . . . · .. . . . .· . .
.Jf.shouid".pe nC>tedthatthe head loss datacanapplyto anyfluidhaving
a .kinematic viscosity'j. 7= 0.000 012.16 Jt2/sec (1.130 centistokes), which is.
the viscosity for' pure fresh water af606F.,Greater viscosities (colder Water)
will increase· the· friction; lower.viscosi ties (warmer water) will decrease the
friction. ·.•. · .· · . ·.• · · .. '· -. · · ·. · ·. ·. · · .. -, · · ' .· ·. · .. . · · · •· ·. . · ·.. · ·. · · •. · ·
. Friction Iossesfor tubing and pipe sizes betweenthose listed in the tables may ',
be determined with reasonable accuracy using a ratio of the fifth powers of the ..

dia!ll¢~eri~::~~~~fj~~ loss pFi~et·~ - knfoWwn, tfrlction loss. pipe A. ( ~:: ~ ) s

· · · ·. r1c ion o a er . .
 . . .
..

. .
... Friction
Friction of Water (Co r>tinued)
(Based on Darcy's Fori nu la)
Copper Tubing-* S.P.S.Coppe • and Brass Pipe
'
Y2 Inch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type IA tubing "Pipe

Flow .527" inside dia .545" inside dia .569" i hside dia .625" inside dia Flow
- .049" wall thk .040" wall thk .028" wall thk .1075" wall thk -
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity lass· Velocity lass Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft flisec ft/100 ft ft/sec fi/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

I
1/2 0.74 0.88 0.69 0.75 0.63 0.62 0.52 0.40 1/2
1 1.47 2.87 1.38 2.45 1.26 2.00 1.04 1.28 . 1
11/2 2.20 5.n 2.06 . 4.93 1.90 . ·4.02 1.57 2.58 1h
2 2.94 9.52 . 2.75 8.11 2.53 6.61 2.09 4.24 2
2112 3.67 14.05 3.44 11.98 3.16 9.76 2.61 6,25 21/2
3 4.40 19.34 4.12 16:48 3.79 13.42 3.1.3 8.59 3
31/2 5.14 25.36 4.81 . 21.61 . 4.42 17.59 3.66 11.25 31/2
4 5.87· 32.09 5.50 27.33 5.05 22.25 4.18. 14.22 4
. 41/2 6.61 39.51 6.19 33.65 5.68 27.39. . 4.70 17.50 41/2
5 7.35 47.61 . 6.87 40.52 '6.31 32.99 5.22 21.07 5
6 8.81 65.79. 8.25 56.02 7.59 45.57 6.26 29.09 6
.7 10.3 86.57. 9.62 73;69 8.84 59.93 . 7.31 38.23 7
8 11.8 109.9 11.0 93.50 10.1 76.03 8.35 48.47 8
9 13.2 135.6 . 12.4. 115.4 11.4 . 93.82 ·9.40 59.79 9
10 14.7 163.8 13.8 139.4 12.6 113.3 10.4 72.16 10

5/e Inch
 '

. . . . .· •.·-••
e; •
I) lngersoll·DreSSer
______ __,. , ----.Pumps
,.. . . . . . _.,.---.. . .CameronHydraulic
,. . . . Data
. . ---.-· ·~r.,_,
.)
Friction
.
of Water.(ContinuedJ
(Based on Darcy's Formula) .·
~-·~-~
. (··
1

.. S. Copp~r and Brass Pipe fi1

~·•••~
Copper Tubing-*S.P
. ¥4 Inch· · C•)
Type K tubing·· Type L tubing Type M tubing ·. "Plpe

.......
Flow . 745" inside dia .785" inside dia .811·· inside dia .822" inside dia .Flow
.065" wall thk .· . · .045" wal.1 thk · .032" wall thk .114" wall thk

~=~ . ~=~ s
' fl!.,i,,'l
-·
),·

u s . t------.-----+--~....,...--.--......;...--+---"--"""T'"----+---'-----.------1 .u
Velocity . ~::: Velocity .· .. ~::: - · Velocity ~::: · Velocity ~::
min · ft/sec tt/100 ft .. ft/sec tt/100 ti ·.. ft/sec tt/100 ti •· ft/sec . ·. tt110o.·3o5tt m. i1n · _: •..

1 0. 74 0.56 i 0.66 0.44 0.62 0.38 . . 0.60 .

2 1.47 1.84 . L33. 1.44 1.24 · 1.23 1.21 . 1.16 2 •
. 3 2.21. . 3.73 t.99 . 2'.91 21 '.·4868. ' . 2;49 1.81 . . 2.34. 3 •.

~- . . ~::t ::~ ~ . ~:~1. {~~ . 3.10 ::~~ I6~ > . ~:;~ . ~- ,it .I .. )

6. 4A1. 12.57 3.98 9;80 3.72. '8.39 · 3.62 ' . 7.86 i 6 -~ .......

~rn rn ir rn
··,i_

t 1

:Hr ,~ ·~ .· tt:
7 5.14 16.51 4.64 12.86 .. 4.34 11,01 . ·. 4.23 10.32 7

J t~ j~: i?:tF
11 .
12 .
8.09
.8.83. .
. 36~83
43.01 .. •
i.29
7.95· '.·
· 2a:66 ..'
33~47 •.•
6.82
7A4
24.52
28.63;
.· 6.64
1;25
22.99
26.84 ..
11
12
* ·;;,·.
f,;: r ..
t, )

~rn n
13 ·.9_55·· ·. · '. 49.62. 8.61 38.61 . 8.06 ·· · 33.02 · ·. 7.85 . 3o:96. 13
14
15 :
10.3
. 11.0
56;66. ·.
64~11
. 9.27
9.94 · .
44.07
49;86 ::~~ :~::. 1~; t (
16 1.1.8 71.97 . 10.6 55.97 9.92 47.86. 9.65 44.86 16. -:. . :,

·. . . '. J'11
17 12.5 . 80.24 11.25 62.39 .10.55 . 53.35 . 10.25 . 50.00 17 .·~· ;
18 : -'. 13.2 88~92 11.92 69.13 1 U7 59.10 . · . 10;85 55.40 18 ;~ ·. &. .:
. . J1 .. ).
- - - - --- ,--- - - ~- - -- : -1-1m:h- ---.,.--- ~---- --- ·--~~--- - - - - -=-----;it -
·.,, )

Type K tubing Type L tubing . Type M tubing •Pipe ,i

•ifk
;
··· .,
••••
.f;
· ·-·-----
Friction
Friction of Water (Con~inued)

l::
(Based on Darcy'Ji Form1J'la) ·
Copper Tubing-* S.P.S. Copper clnd Brass Pipe
11/4 Inch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M ubing ·Pipe
Flow 1.245" inside dia 1.265" inside dia 1.291" irn ide dia 1.368" inside dia Flow
.065" wall thk .055" wall thk .042" wall th k .146" wall thk

•
us us
gal Head Head.· Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss loss
e:·
Velocity per
min ftisec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft · ft/sec ft/100 tt min

~t' 5
6
1.31
1.58
0.79
1.09
1.28
1.53
0.74
1.01
1.22
1.47.
0.67 :
0.92
1.09
1.31
0.51
0.70
5
6
I~' 7 1.84 1.43 1.79 1.32 1.('1 1.20 1.53 0.91 7
8 2. 11 1.81 2.04 1.67 . 1.96 1.52 6

j'.
1.75 1.15
I •. ·• 9 2.37 2.22 2.30 2.06 . 2.20 1.87 1.96 1.42 9

I.
10 2.63 2.67 2.55 2.48 2.45 2.25 2.18 1.71 10
12 3.16 3.69 3.06 3.42 2.93. 3.10 2.62 2.35 12
~~) 15 3.95 5.47 3.83 5.07 3.66 4.60 3.27 3.49 . 15
20 5.26 9.13 5.10 8.46 '. 4.89 .7.67 4.36 5.81 20
i
25 6.58 13.59 6.38 12.59 I' 6.11· 11.42 5.46 8.65 25
I a~ 30 7.90 18.83 7.65 17.44 7.33 15.82 6.55 11.98 30
j t; 35
.40
9.21
10.5
24.83
31.57
8.94
10.2
23.00
29.24 .:
8.55.
. 9.77
. 20.86
. 26.51
7.65
8.74
15.79
20.06
35
40
~ t: _I
45
50 ,.
11.8
13.2
. 38.03
47.20
11.5
12.8
36.15
43.71
11.0
12.2
32.n s:03 24.80 45
'so
39.63 10.9 29.98.
a:

.
I
. 60. ·is.a 65.65 . 15.3 60.78 14.7 55.10 13.1 41.66 60
I •. 70 18.4 86.82 17.9 80.38 17.1 72.86 15.3 55.07 70
80 21. 1 110.7 20.4 102.5 19.6 92.85 17.5 70.16 80
I • ' 90 23.7 137.2 23.0 127.0 22.0. 115.1 19.6 86.91 90
. 100 . 26.3 166.3 25.5 153.9 24.4 . 139.4 21.8 105.3 100
~ _; .

~ t: -'--~ . - . - - - - .:_ ___ -· ---.-----~--- -1V2-lnch-,--.------. ---·----,----- -- -- --- - -

I~ Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M t ~bing •pipe
1 •; Flow 1.481" inside dia 1.505" inside dia 1.527" insi(:le dia 1.600" inside dia Flow
 - ... . . '. . .. . . .

. · I ti lngerSoH•O..esSer Pumps caIIl~ron Hydra~lie-JJata

•. -·· · Frletlon otWater.(Continued) .·
· · · .···· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · . .
Copper Tubing-·· . * $.P.s~ Copp~r a~d Brass Pipe
2 inch

Type K tubing • ,Type L tubing Type M tubing •Pipe

Flow 1.959" inside dia 1:985". inside dia 2.009" inside dra 2.062" inside dia .· Flow
.083" wall th k -; .070" wali thk .058" wall thk .1565" wall thk
us us
gal Head : Head . Head Head· gal
per Velocity loss Velccjty · loss Velocity loss Velocity . loss per
min ft/sec · ft/100 ft ft/sec · ft/100 ft . ft/sec .ft/100 ft . ft/sec ft/100 ft min

10 1.07 0.31 1.04 .: '.0.29 .: 1.01 .Q.27 .96 ' 0.24 10

12 1;28 0;43 '1.24 . ,, ··o.4o •. 1.21 o:38 1.15 '0.33 -, 12
14 · 1.49 .0.56 1.45 '' 0.52. 1A2 o.50 1.34 0.44 14
16 1.70 0.71 1.66 0.66 .·. 1.62 0.63··, 1:53 0.55 · '. 16
18 · .. 1.92' 0.87 1.87 ' 0.82 .1.82 0;77 ; ... 72 0.68' 18
'•

20 2.13 i.es ·2~07' ' ... il.98 . 2.02 0:9'3 '1.92 0.82 . 20
25 2:66 t.ss · 2.59 ', .1.46. '' 2.53 1.38 2.39 1,22 .25
30' 3.19 2.15' .. 3J( •' . 2.01.·. 3.03 1.90 2.87 '1.68 30
35 3.73 2.82 ' ,•' 3.62 '2.65 ·.3.54 .: .. · 2.50 '' 3.35 ', 2.21 35
40 4.26 3.58 .· 4.14 .· · .. .3.36' .4:05 3,17 3.83 2.80 40
45, 4.79. '4.42 .. · 4.66. .4.15 '4.55 ,'' 3.92 4.30 3.46 '• 45

50 5.32 :5.34. ·.·. sJi. 5.01 . -. 5.05. 4.73' : 4.80 -, 4.17 sn.
,, ' 60 6.39 '7.40' 6.2f '6;95 ''.6.06 6.56 5:75 5.79 60
70 7.45 '9.76' 7.25 9.16 ' 7.07 . 8.65 6.70 7.63 70
80 8.52 .'. ' 12;42 8.28 . 11.65 ·8.09 ·11.00 7.65 9,70. 80
90 9;58 15.36 . 9.31 14.41 ,9.10 13;60 8.61 12;00 90

100 10.65 ,· 1s:ss 10.. 4 ·,·' 17.4.3 -. 1 ci.1 16.45 9.57 .·. 14.51 100
'·, 110 11.71 22.07 11.4 20.71 11.1 19.55 10.5 17.24' 110
120 12.78 .·' 25.84 12.4' 24.25 12; 1 ···22.88 11.5. 20.18 120
130 13.85 29~88 13.4 ' .28.04 13. i 26.45 12.5 23.33 130
140 14.9 34.18 14.5 ' 32.07' ''· 14.2 30.26 .·• .. 13:4 .26.69 •' 140
150 16.0 38.75'' . 15.5 ' · ... 36.36 ' 15.2 . 34.30 14.4 30.25 150
160. 17.0 43;55 '. 16~5 •. 40.89. 16.2 .·. . 38:58 15.3 34.01 160
170 18.1' .··4a.6i 17.6.' ' 45.66 .17 .. 2 43.08 16.3 37.98 170
180 ". 19.2 54.01 ,18.6 ... '. 50.67 . 18.2 ,' ' 47.81 17.2 42.15. ,. . .180
 .••.• . ~
'
..·
Friction ·-·

,,··~.~·
•
'\
...... \ Friction of Water(Co Jinued) ~-
ceased on Da;cy's Formula) '.

Z.
Copper Tubing-*S.P.S. Copper nd Brass .Pipe
\ 2Y2 Inch
;-.:··• ...

,.,.: Type K tubing

z,
Type L tubing' Type M tubing "Pipe
Flow 2.435" inside dia 2.465" inSide dia 2.495" i 'de dia 2.500" inside dia Flow
.095" wall th k .080'' wall thk .065" II thk .1875" wall thk
us
....
·.!·.~
gal Head
us
; . Head Head Head gal
per Velocity · loss Velocity loss Velocity .· loss Velocity
min loss per
ft/sec ft/100 ft ftlse c ft/1 00 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min
,.·.' 20 1.38 0.37 L3.4 0.35 l.31 0.33 ·' 1.31 0.33 20

•.+~ .
25 1.72 0.55 ·. 1.68 0.52 1.64 0.49 .1.63 0.49. 25
30 2.07 0.76' 2.02 0.72 1.97 0.68
.,•': 1.96 0.67 30
35 . 2.41 1.00 2.35 0.94 2.30 0.89 2.29 0.88 35
40 2.76 1.26

•.·"' .,~.
2.69 . 1.19 2.62 1.13 2.61 1.12 40
45 3.10 1.56 3.02 1.47 2.95 1.39 2.94 1.38 . 45
:.'

t·.J. 50
60
70
3.45
4.14
4.82
1.88
2.61
3.43
3.36
4.03 ..
1.77
2.46
3.28.
3.93
1.68
2.32
3.26
3.92
1.66
2.30
50
. 60
4.70 3.24 4.59 . 3.06 4.57 3.03 70
·;). 80 5:51 4.36

!,
5.37 4.12 5.25 3.88 5.22 3.85 80
'90. 6.20 5.39 '6.04 5.08 5.90 . 4.80 5.88 4.75 . 90
100 6.89. 6.52 6.71 6.15 6.55 5.80.
\ 6.53 5.74 100
:,) . 110 7.58 7.74 7.38 7.30 .. 7.21 6.89 7.19 6.82 110
120 8.27 9.06 8.05 .• 8.54
.f, . 130 8.96 10.46
7.86 8.05 . 7.84 7.98 120
8.73 9.87 8.52 9.31 8.49 9.22 130
140 9.65 11.97 9.40 11.28 9.18 10.64
. ·; .
9.14 10.54 140

~·t-i. .
150 10.35 13.56. 10.1 12.78 9.83
. 160 12.06 9.79 11.94 150
11.0 15.24 10.8 .14.36 10.5 13.55
170 11.7
10.45 13.42 . 160
17.01 11.4 16.03 11.1 15.12 11. 1 14.98 > 170
180 12.4 18.87· 12.1 17.79 11.8 16.78 11.B 16.61. 180
190 '13.1 20.81 12.8 19;62' 12.5 18.51 12.4 .
.,, \ . 18.33 190
200 . 13.8 22;85 13.4 21.54 13.1
I. 20.31 13.1 20.12 200
\. 220. 15.2 27.18 14.8 25.61 14.4 24.16 14.4 23.93 220
240 16.5 31.84 16.1 30.01 15.7 28.31 15.7 28.03 240
 I. )
:.
~-~-
I&···
Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.· Cameron Hydraulic Data' .
:~

· ~••
·-·-·--· ··· --~ ··---- · - Friction·ofWater (Continued)
. .. (Based en Darcy's Formula)·• · . .·
Copper Tubing-· * S.P.S. Copper' arid Brass Pipe
31n~h
1•'
Flow
Type K tubing·

2.907" inside dia ·

· .109"' wall1hk · ·
Type L tubing
2.945"inside dia .·
.090" wall thk
. Type M tubing

2.981" inside dia

.072"' wall thk
"Pipe.

3.062"' inside dia

~219".wall thk
Flow
,,.,''-
·i •'
us us'
gal Head Heaq Head. Head-. · . gal.
per Velocity '.· loss · Velocity ... loss. Velo~1i{ loss Velocity . loss ·.per
min · ft/sec .'· ", ··. tt/100 ft . ft/sec · · · ft/100 ft·. · .· ft/sec .· tt/100 ft · · .' It/sec tt/100 ft ·min·.,

20
30'
0.96 . Ci.16 .
. 1 AS . . · . 0~33
0.94·.·.
.i.41
0.15
.' 0.31
0~92'
l.37 ..
' 0.14
. 0.29
0.87
1~30'
.. 0.13
·. 0.25, .:
20 .:
30 :.
·t!'
40' 1.93 ' 0.54 1.88 0.51' t.8,3 ' 0.48 . l.74 .". 0.42·· .40 ,' ~}

rn
50 2.41 ', ·, ,•, 0.81 2:35 : . . 0.76 .•. 2.29 '0.72' 2.17 0.63 ·. 50

~g80 3.86.
}!l
1.87 '
}~
3.7_6 ,'
!:~t . ~.~~.· . · ~~~ . .
1.75 . 3.66 . ,' .1.65.
~.~ . ·
3.48 '
~:~L
' ' 1.45.
~g
. 80 '
_.:,
' .
· 90 4.34. · 2.30 4.23 · 2:16 ·· · · 4.12 · ·. 2.04 ·.· 3.91 · r.eo: 90

m HL rn Ht m HiJ m ur m m
130 6:27. 4.46 6.11 .4.19 .· · 5.95 3.95 · 5.65 3.47 130..
~·
::: .· :::: . ::::, :::: . :::: . :::: ·_ .· ·_ :::: _. . . :::: . :::: -·•· ::: .. · !i._•· _:_c.l.
160
170
.180
7.72
.. 8.20
8.69.>
6.49
7.24
• 8.03 .
7.52 .
7.99
.8.46
., 6.09
6~80
•,' 7.54
7.34
. 7.79
8.25
.5.75
6.41
7.11
. ' 6.95
7,39
7.82
'•' 5.05 '
5.64.
6.25 .
'160
170
180 ..
I ' '

190 9.16 • 9;95 8~93 •. ~-32 ·". 8;70 7'.84 . 8.25 ·.. ···· .li~89 ·. 190 _ .. · . ·. '. , It
200 ' 9.64 9.71 ' 9.40 .. · ·. '• 9.13 . 9.16. 8,61 ' ' 8.70 .·' '. 7.56 .: '200 .: .' -. .....
.: -22.0 .. __ ··- 10"6 . ...c.' -: _ ~:L1~55....:, . __ tQ.3 ... _::: .c.. _1.0'.8L __ tO.J. _ -:- -· -:-1_0.2,L .___;__ -9. .5~ ·- _c ~8.9.9. . .22.Q_: -:- . ....:.w=-
240 11.6. 13.52 11.3 '12.70, 11.0 . 11.98·. 10.4 ·-.10.52. 2,40 ' . ,_
260 ·12.6. . 15.64 12.2 14.69' 11.9 13.85 ' 11.3 12.17 260 '
280 13.5. 17.90 .· .· 13.2 ' 16.81 12.8 15.85 12.2 13.93. ', 280 ;,
••• '

:~
·.·)
-
,:)·
. . ..
·---,---
-·-
s: .. - .. -~ .~ Friction
' .
- -- ~-
··· :; . -·
Friction of Water (Con inued)
., ' ---1•

:':
(Based on Darcy's Form1 la)
) ' Copper Tubing-* S.P.S. Copper 1~ nd Brass Pipe
./~
,',.·'
3V2 Inch

:~·•..
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M ubing 'Pipe
Flow 3.385" inside dia 3.425" inside dia 3.459" in· ide dia 3.500" inside dia
- .120" wall thk .1 ocr wait thk .083" w ~II thk .250" wall thk
Flow
-
us
gal Head us
'.: Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec tt/100 ft

.)
~\~ ft/sec tt/100 tt ft/sec tt/100 ft ft/sec tt/100 fl min

II
'' 60 2.14 0.54 2.09 0.51 · 2.05.
70 0.49 2.00 0.46 '60
2.49 0.71 2.44 0.67 2.39
80 2.84 0.64 2.33 0.60 70
0.90 2.78 0.85 2.73 0.81 2.66 ' o.n
\•
90 3.20 80
1.11 3.13 ' 1.05 ' 3.07 1.00 3.00 0.95 90
'· . 100 3.56

i''.·;
1.34
•'
3.48 1.27 3.41 1.21 3.33 1.14 100
110 3.92 1.59 3.82 1.50 3.76 1.43 3.67 1.35 110
120 4.26 1.86 4.18 1.76 4.10
130 1.68 . 4.00 1~s8 120
4.62 2.15
f1
4.52 2.03 4.45 1.93 4.33 1;83 130
140 4.98 2.45 4.87 2.32 4.79 2.21 4.66 2.09 140

i
-:
..
150 5.34 2.78 5.21 2.62 5.12
" 160 ' .5.69 2.50 5.00 2.36 150
3.12 5.56 . 2.95 ' ' 5.46 2.81 5.33
·.; 170 6.05 . 3.48 2.66 160 i

..... 5.91 3.29 5.80

•'· 180 6.40, 3.86 6.26 3.64 6.16
3.14
3.48
5.66
6.00
2.96 170
190 ' 6.76 3.28 180
4.25

i:,+_ :_
;I
6.60 4.02 · .. 6.49 3.83 6.33 3.62 190
'
200 7.11 4.67 6.95 4.41 6.82 4.20 6.66 3.97 200
.·. 220 7.82 5.54 7.65 5.24 7.51 4.99 7.33 4.72 220
240 8.54 6.49 8.35 6.13 8.19
260 5.85 8.00 ,• 5.52 240
9.25 7.50 9.05 '7.09 8.87 6.76
280 .8.66 6.39 260
" 9.95 8.58 9.74 8.11 9.55 7.73 9.33 7.30 280
- - - -· .300_ - _JO.'Z. - '-- ~9,73- .., --··. ··10.4· - -

i·;
. ... ·- -- -9;-19· ~ -- -10;2- -- · ·· -9-;n- - 10:0. ···- - - -9.29· ......
300 - - - - ....
350 12.5 12.87 12.2 12.16 11.9
400 11.60 11.7 10.95 350
14.2 16.42 13.9 15.51 13.7 14.79
450 13.3 13.97 400
16.0 ·20.36 15.6 . 19.23 15.4 ' 18.33 '15.0 17.32 450
. I~ ·Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data
Friction of Water (Continui!dJ ·
(Based on Dar~y·s Formula).
copper Tubing-·*S.P.S. Copper and Brass Pipe.·
·. 4Jnch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubing "Pipe :

Flow 3.asr. inside .dta 3.905" inside.dia 3.935'' inside dia 4.000" inside dta Flow
·.· :134" wall thk .110" wall ttik ' :095" wail thk .250'.' wall ttik
us
gai
. per
''
.ttead. · Head •Head Heaci
us
, gal
<Velocity ·'· loss Velocity . loss ·. . Veiocity loss . ,Velocity loss . per
ft/sec ft/100 ft ftlsec ' ft/100 ft · . 'ft/sec Jt/100 ft_ ft/se.c · • fl/100 ti'' rni.n
: 100' 2.74 0.72 2:66 •' 0.68 2.64 :·0.65:
· 110 3.02' .2.55. 0.60 100
0.85 '2.94 0.80· '• 2.90 '. 0.77 2.81
. 120 3.29 '0.99'', 0.71 110
3.21 0.94 ' 3.16 0.90 '. 3.06 0.83
'· 130 3.57 05·· ·.1.08 •. 120 .··.
3.46' .· '.3.42 1.04' 3.31 .0.96 130
140 .· 3.84 1.31 '3.74 1~23' 3.69' 1.19' 3.57 1 .. 10 140
150
160
4.11
4.39.·
1.48' 4.01·' 1:40' ·3.9s us 3.83 1.25 150
1,67' '4.26 .1.57 .4.21 1.51 ,. 4.08 1.39
170 4.66'' 1.86'' 4.55 160
1.75 4:46 ' 1.69 ' ,• '4.33 1.56' 170 '
180 '.4.94 '• . 2.06 4.81 1.94 4.74 1:87 4.58 1.73 180
190 5:21. 2,27 . '5.08 ' • '2.14 5.00. -. 2.06· 4.84 1.91 · . · 190
200 5.49 ' 2,49 . , 5.35 •' 2.35' ··5.21
6.04 .: . 2~26 5.10 2.09 .200 ... ·
220. 2.96' 5.89 2.79 . ··.. 5.80.'
240 '2.68 5.61 2.41! 220
6.59.' 3;46 .: 6.42 .:3.26.· 6.32 3,14 -. .6.12 ..
' 260 7:14 2.90, 240
4.00 6.95. .3.77 6.85 .3.63 6.63 3.36',
280 7.69 4;57 260
7.49 4.31 7.38, 4.15 7.14 .3.84'
,• 280
300 8.24 '5.18 .: 8.02 '4.88 ..... .7.90 4.70' 7.65 .
·. 350 .· 9.60 4.35 300 .·
6;85 9.36 6.4.6 9.22 • ,' 6.22 ,. 8.92 ..
400 11.0 8.74 '5;75 350
10.7 8.23 10.5 7.93 10.2 7.33
450 12A .· ... 10.83 12.0 '9,83 ·, 400 '''
to.20 .1 (9 11.5 9.08 450
500 13.7 ,' 13.12 13 -: 4 12.36 13,2 11.91 12.8 .· 11.00 500
550 is. 1 15.61 14.7 14.71 14.5 14.17
600 16.5
14.1 13.09 550
18.31.· 16.0 17.24 15.8 16.61 15.3
65,0 17.9 15,35 600
21.19 17.4 -".
700 .· ... 19:2 24;28
19.96 17.1
18.4' .
'19.23 . ·15:5 . 11.n 650·
.,:·: i. .-;

:
. -~· . ....
.··~
.'· .' / .. . . Friction
\
r
Friction otWater (Co1'tinued)
(Based on Darcy's Forrr ula)
Copper Tubing-•s.P.S. Copper and Brass Pipe
5 Inch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type P ~tubing "Pipe

Flow 4.805" inside dia 4.875" inside dia 4.907'" inside dia 5.063" inside dia Flow
- .160" wall thk .125" wall thk .109" wall thk .250" wall thk -
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per. Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min
...

E
150 . 2.64 0.52 .2.56 0.48 2.53 0.47 2.38 0.40 150
160 2.82 . 0.58 2.75 0.54 2.70 0.52 2.54 0.45 160
170 3.00 0.65 2.92'' 0.60 2.87 0.58 2.70 0.50 170
180. . 3.17 0.72 3.09 .· 0.67 3.04 0.65 2.86. 0.56 . 180
190 3.35 0.79 3.26 . 0.74 3.21 0.71 3.02 .0.61 190
200 3.53 0.87 3.44 . 0.81 3.38 0.78 3.18 0.67 . 200
220 3.88 1.03 .3.78 0.96 3.72 0.93 3.50 0.80 220
240 4.24 1.20 4.12 1.12 4.05 1.09 . 3.81 0.94 240
260 4.59 . 1.39 4.46 1.30 4.39 1.26 4.14 1.08 260
280 4.94 1.59 .·. 4.81 . l.48. '4,73 1.43 4.45 1.23 .• 280
300 5.29 1.80 5.15 1.68 .·. 5.07 1.63 4.76 1.40 300
350 6.17 ·.· 2.38. 6.01' ~ .2.22 5.91 .2.15 . 5.56 1.85 350
., 400 7.05 .· 3.03 6.87 2.82 6.75 2.73 6.35 2.35 ·. 400
450 7.94 3~75 7.73 3.49 7.60 . 3.39 . 7.15 2.91 450
500 8.81 4.54 8.59 4.23 8.45 . 4.10 . "7.95 3.53 500
550 9.70 5.40 9.45 5.03 .· 9.29 4.88 8.75 4.19 550
600 10.6 6.32 10.3 ·5.90 • 10.1 5.71 9.54 4.91 600
650 11.5 7.32 11.2 6.82 11.0 6.61 10.3 5.68 650
700 12.4 8.37 12.0 7.81 11.8 7.57 11 .1 6.50 700
. 750 13.2·· 9.50 12.9 8.86. 12.7 8.58 11.9 7.38 750
800 14.1 . 10.69 13.7 9.97 .· 13.5 9.65 12.7 8.30 800
850 15.0 .11.94 14.6 11.13 14.4 10.79 13.5 9.27 850
900 15.9 13.26 . ·15.5 12.36 15.2 11.98 . 14.3 10.29 900
950 16.8 14.64 16.3 13.67 16.l 15.i"
I_-~ · 1rigersoll·Dress;rPumps
. ·. .

Cameron Hydraulic Data

Friction of Water (Continued).
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing_.;.• S.P.S. Copper.and Brass Pipe

61n6h

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubing 'Pipe

Flow 5.741" inside.dia 5.845''. inside dia 5.881" inside dia 6.125" inside dia Flow
.. 192~ wall.thk .140'' .wall thk .122 wall thk .250" wall thk
us us
.gal .. · Head Head. Head Head gal
per Velocity -loss Velocity . loss , . \telociiy loss Velocity ··. loss per
min · ~/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec • · tt/100 tt.. . ft/sec ft/100 ft It/sec tt/100 ti min

240 2.98 0.51 . 2.87 .· 0.47 2.84 0.46' 2:s1 0.38,' 240
260 .3.22 0.59 3.11 ,0.54'' 3.07 0.$3 '• 2.83 0.43 260
280 3.48 . 0;67 3.35 0.62 3.31 ' 0.60 3.05. 0.49: -.: 280
300 3.72 ·. ·0.76 3.58 '. 0.70 3.54 0.68 3.26 ,. .0.56 300
350·' '4.35 ' 1.01 4.19 ·0.93 4.14' ·0.90 '3.81 '0.74 350

400 4_97 • 1'.29 4.79 1.18 ,' 4.72 1:14 4.35··. 0;94 , , 400'
450 5.59 ,• 1.59 5.38 ·.•, 1.46 ,.5.31 1.42: . 4~90 .1.16 450
500. 6.20· 1.92 5.98 1~76 · ·5,90· ', 1.71 .5.44 ''1.41-· soc
550 6.82' 2.29. 6.57. 2:10 6.50. 2,04 5.98 1.67 550
600 7.45 : 2;68 7.17 2.46 1~10 2.38 ·. 6.53 1.96. ,600
650 8.07_···· 3;10 7.76 2.84 7.68 2.76 .7.07 2.27 sso
700 8.69:'· 3.54 8.36 3.25. 8.27 •. 3.15 · . 7.61 ,' 2.59-' .700:
750 9:31 4.02 8.9.6 3.68 8.86 3.57 8.15 .· 2.94 750
800 '9.93 4.52 9.56 4.14 ' 9.45 4.02 8.70 3.31 800
850 '10.6 5.05 •' 10.2 '4.63 10.0 4.49 _9.25 3.69 850

900 11.2 5.60 ,•' 10.8 5;14. 10.6 4.99 . 9,79 4.10 900
950 ,', 11.8' ' 6.18 '11.4 5.67,' 11.2, 5.50'' 10.3 4.52 •,. 950
1000' '12.4 6.79 12.0 6.23 11.8: '6.04 '10.9 4.97 1000
1100 '13.7 . 8.08 13.2 7.41 13.0' 7.19 12.0 5.91 1100
1200 14.9 9.48., .14.3 .8.69 ' '14.2 8.44 13.1 6.93. 1200
1300 16.1 • 10.98 ·-15.5 '11.o6 ' 15.4' ' 9.77 '14:1 8.02' 1300
140~ 17.4. 12.58 16.7' 11.53 16.5 , 1.19 15.2' 9.19 1400 ··.·
1500 18.6 14.28 17.9, 13.09' 17.7 .· 12.7Q '16.3 10.43 .: 1500'
 ---------------
Friction
-

Friction of Water (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing-*S.P_.S. Copper and Brass Pipe
Slnch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type ~ tubing "Pipe

Flow 7 .583" inside dia 7.725"inside dia 7.785" i iside dia 8.000" inside dia Flow
.271" wall thk .200" wall thk .170" wall thk .3125" wall thk
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft . ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

I
500 3.55 0.50 . 3.42 0.46 3.37 0.44 3.19 0.39 500
550 3.91 0.60 3.78 0.55 3.71 0.53 3.51 0.46 550
600 4.26 0.70 4.10 0.64 4.05 0.62 3.83 0.54 600
650 4.61 0.81 4.44 0.74 4.39 0.71 4.15 0.63 650
700 4.97 0.93 . 4.78 . . 0.85 4.72 0.82 4.46 0.72 700
-750 5.32. 1.05 .. 5.12 0.96 5.06 0.92 . 4.79 0.81 750
800 5.68 1.18 5.46 1.08 .. 5.40 1.04 5.10 0.91 .800
850 ·•· 6.04 1.32 5.80 1.20 5.73 1.16 5.42 1.02 850
900 6.39 1.46 6.15 1.34 6.06. 1.29 5.74 1.13 . 900
950 6.75 1.61 .6.49 1.47 6.40 1.42 .6.05 1.25 950
1000 7.10 1.n . 6.84 ,. 1.62 6.74 1.56 6.38 1.37 1000
1100 7.81 2.11 . 7.52 1.93 . 7.42 1.85 7.01 1.63• 1i00
1200 8.52 2.47 ·8.20 2.26 .. 8.10 2.17 7.65 1.91' 1200
1300 9.24 2.86 8.88 ·- . 2.61 - 8.76 . 2.51. 8.30 2.20 1300
.1400 9.95 3.27 9.56 2.99. 9.44 2.88 8~93 2.52· 1400
1500 10.7 3.71 10.3 3.39 10.1 3.27 9.56 2.86 1500
1600 11.4 4.17 10.9 3.81 10.8 '3.67 10.2 3.22 1600
1800 12.8 5.18 12.3 4.73 12.1 4.56 . 11.5 4.00 1800
2000 ~4.2 6.28 13.7 5.74 13.5 _S.53 12.8 4.85 2000
2200 15.6 7.48 .15.0 6.84 14.9 6.59 14.0 5.77 2200
2400 17.0 8.78. 16.4 8.02 16.2 7.73 15.3 6.77 2400
2600 18.5 10.17 17.8 9.29 17.5 8.95 16.6 7.84 2600
2800 19.9 . 11.66. 19.2 10.65 18.9 10.26 17.9 8.99 2800
3000 21.3 13.24 - 20.5 12.10 20.2 11.65 19.1 .10.21 3000
 ·e···•.~l
r·6.'.·•..

~·!··~• •
[)1~gersoll·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data·
. ··
... {._

-, :Friction of wa·terXcontinuedJ

.!•••••
. · . - .·.· (Basedon Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing-·* S.P.S. Copper ~n(i Brass Pipe ·
. -. - 10 Inch._ . . .· ••

Flow
.. Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubing "Pipe
Flow
a; ...
i ··~
9.449" inside dia 9.625'' inside dia 9.700" inside dia 10.020"mside dia
~'
us . us
1;···
.I'··....
. '. ..
gal Head Head ·Head· Head gal
per .•
min
Velocity
. ft/sec
loss ·
tt1100 t~
Velocity. .· loss
····ft/sec. .: ·. rt1100 ft
Velocity
. tt/sec .....
loss ._- .
. ft/100 ft
Velocity
· ft/sec
loss.· -.
ft/100 ft
per
.. min
1f,•
., !•_.· "•:

'«·:
'. 500 2.29 . o. 18 2.21 o'.16 · ,. 2.'11 .· 0~15 .: 2.03 . 0.13 500
· ·550 2.52 0.21. 2.43 0.19 . >2.39 .- o:i8. · 2.24·. 0.16 · · 550
600 2.75 0:24. 2.65 0.22 . .· 2.61 0;2~ ._·. 2.44. 0,18 . 600.
·-650 2.97 0.28 .• 2.87 0.26 •. 2.82.·. 0;25_ 2.65 .· .().21· 650.·

·~·:
700. 3.20 ·. 0.32.: 3.09 .-.·· 0.29 3.04 . 0.28 . 2~85 0.24 700 .1 ....

••-·
750 3.43 0,35 . · . 3.31 . 0.33 .3.26 ··0.32 . 3.05 0.27 750
800 3.66 0.41 . .3.53 0.37 3.47 0.36 3.26 . 0.31 800

_,
o.46 · . ·. 3.75 . 0.42 .. 3.69 o.4o.-·

••
850 3.89. •3.46< 0.34 850
900 4.12 0.51 . 3.97 o.46 · . 3.91 •. 0.45_.··. 3.66 0.38 900
950 - 4.35 0.56 • 4.19 . 0.51 4.13 0.49 '• 3.87 0.42 950
.··~:
..
'. .,

1000. 4.56 0.61 4.41 o:56 4.34 .': ·.· 0.54. .. 4.07 0.46 1000 . ... i••j

•
1100 ·.. 5.03 0.73 .4.48 0~67. 4.78 o.64. ., -, 4:32 . 0.50 1100
1200. 5.49 o.as -. 5.29·-·. 0.78 .. 5.21 Q;75 4.71 . 0.59 1200
.• 5.73

.,••.
1300 5.95 Q.99 .. . 0.90 5:64·.· 0.87 , . .5.10_· 0.68 1300 " ·-·•'"
.
1400 . 6.41 1.13 6.17 . 1.03. 6.08 1:01). 5.50.· . . 0.78 1400

1500 6.86 1.28 6;61 1.17 6.51. (13. 5.89 . 0.. 89 1500
1600 '7.32 1.44 7.06 1.32. -. 6.95 -. U7 6.28 1.00 . 1600 ~

-c
1800 8:24 1.79 7.94 · . .1.63 7.82 1.57. 7.32 1.35 1800
2000 9.15 2.17 8.82 . 1.98 8.68 .: 1.91 a:14 1.63 2000
2200 10.1 ··2.5& 9:70 2.36. 9.55 ". 2.27 8.95 1.94 2200

2400 11.0 3,02. 10.6 ·.· • 2.76;·_ .10.4. ·2.66 .. - • 9:77 2.28 2400
2600 ·". 11.9 . 3.50 11.5 . 3;20· 11.3 3;05 · 10.6 .· 2.63 2600
2800 . 12.8 ito1. 12:3_ . · . 3:61. :· 12.2 3.53 11.4 3.02 2800 .
3000 13.7 4.55 •' .. 13:2 . 4.16 13.0 4.01 12.2 . 3.42 3000:
 Friction
I·
Friction of Water (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's ]Formula) · ·
...
Copper Tub·mg- * S P S Copper and Brass Pipe
' 121nch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type I ~tubing 'Pipe

Flow Flow
- 11.315" inside dia 11.565" inside dia 11.617" ~nsidedia 12.000" inside d ia -
us us
gal Head Head Head ·Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity ·loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ttrsec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

800 2.55 0.17 2.44 0.16 2.42 0.15 2.27 0.13 800

E
900 2.87 0.21 2.75 0.19 2.72 0.19 2.55 0.16 900
1000 3.19 0.26 3.05 0.23. 3.03 0.23 2.84 0.19 1000
1100 3.51 0.31 3.36 0.28. 3.33 0.27 3.12 0.23 1100
1200 3.83 . 0.36 3.67 0.32 3.63 0.32 3.40 0.27 1200

1300 .4.15 0.41 3.97 0.37 . ·. 3.94 0.36 3.69 0.31 1300
1400 4.47 0.47 4.28 0.43. 4.24 .· 0.42 3.97 0.36 1400
1500
1600
4.19
5.11
. 0.54
0.60
4.58
4.89
0.48
0.54
. 4.54
4.84
0.47
.·0.53
4.26
4.54
0.40
. 0.45
1500
1600
1800 5.74 . 0.75 5.50 0.67 5.45 0.66 5.11 . 0.56 1800

2000 6.38 . 0.91 6.11 0.82 6.05 . 0.80 5.67 .' 0.68 2000
2200. 7.02 1.08 6.72 0.97 6.66 . 0.95 6.24 0.81 2200
2400 7.66 .1.26 7.33 1.14 7.27 1.11 . 6.81 0.95 2400
2600 8.30 1.46 7.94 1.32 .. 7.87 1.29 7.38 1.10 2600
2800 8.93 1.68 8.55 1.51 8.48· 1.48 7.94 1.26 2800

3000 9.57 1.90 9.16 1.71 9.08 1.67 8.51 1.43 3000
3500 .• 11.2 2.52 10.7 2.27 10.6 2.22 9.~3 1.90 3500
4000 12.8 3.22 . 12.2 2.90 12. 1 2.84 11.3 2.42 4000
4500 14.4 4.00 . 13.7. 3.60 13.6 3.52 12.8 3.01 4500
·5000 16.0 4.86 15.3 4.37 . 15.1 . 4.27 14.2 3;65 5000

5500 17.5 5.79 . 16.8. 5.21 16.6 5.10 15.6 4.35 5500
6000 19.1 6.80 .. 18.3 6.11 . 18.2 5.98 17.0 5.11 6000
6500 20.7 7.88 19.9 7.09 19.7 6.93 18.4 5.92 6500
7000 22.3 9.04 21 .4 .8.13 21.2 7.95 19.6 6.79 7000
. 23.9 22.7. 9.03 21.3 7.71 7500
•· .1) lngersoll·D ..essel' Pumps . · ·Camf!ron Hydraulic Data
.• \1

Friction Loss far· Viscous Liquids

· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · · ·

Loss in Feet .of Liquid per 1000 Fe.et of Pipe

.1 Inch (1 ~049" inside dia) Sch 40 New Slf!el Pipe

. Kinematic viscos;ty-::.centistokes
Flow·

us :
Bbl
.o.s 1.1
I 2.1 2.7. 4.3. ··.·
7A
..
10.3 13.1
.•
15:7 . 20.6~

gal ·per . ' .. .·Approx ssu viscosity .· .:

per hr(42 ..
min gal)·.· 31.5 33 . 35 40 .· . 50 . · 60 70 80. 100
.
.5 ;71 .:29 . • 28 . ;55 .70 _ 1.12 • 1.93 2.68 . 3.41 4.08 5;35
1 i.4 .. 96 •1:13 ·1.09 1.4.1 2.24 : 3.86. 5~36 -, 6.82 s;16 10.7.
2 2.9 ..
. 3 ..23 .3.72 4.41. 4.80 4.48 7.72 . 10.7 '13.6 16.3 21.4
3 .. . 4.3 6.84 7.63 9.04 _9.48 10:8 11;6 :· 16.1 20;5 24.5 .32.1
4
.•
. . 5.7' 11.4 . 12.2 14.9 :· 15.9 17:6 ·. ·15.4 21.5 ·. 27.3 32;6 . -. 42.B.

5 . ·. 7.1 ·11.2 "19.2 22.1. 23.4·· 26.3. .19.3 26.8 ·,34,7 . 40.8 53.5
6 . 8.6 24.2 . 26.8 30.5. .··32.1 .36.8 .41.3 32.2 ·40,9 .49.0 84.2 ..
7 10.0 .32.3 35.4 .· ·. 40.8 ". 42.6. . 47.4 53.8 37.5 ··47.7 57.2. 74.9.
8 11.4 41.6 45.5 . 51.1 ; 54.3• ·59.9 68.2 75.3 :54.5 ·. 65.2. . 85.6
9 12.9 51.8 · . 56.2 . 1)3.5 66:3 73.4 84.9 91.7 61.4 7$.4 ·. 98~
. .. ··
10 14.3 62.7 ., . 68.l 76.2
106 ..
.· 00.1 ea:2 101 .111 115·· .81.tS- 1UJ
12 17.1 89.3 95.3 111 . 122. 142 . 151 162 167 129
14 20.0 120 1'29 140 147 160 185 ' 198 212 221 150•
16 22.8. 155 '154 .181 . 188 -205 234 .. 257 .. · 268. 279 295
18 -. 25.7 194 202 224 233 ·254 20s· ·.305 326 .. 341 365
'. ·.

20 28.6.· 237 -250 272. 281 ..

.308 342 372 394 405 437
. 25 35.7 368 383 410 429 464 501 ·551 583 599 . . .' 651 .
30 ·4.2.9 523 545 382 .. 600 640 712. 759
.. 803 842 ': 904·
.. 1
·
35 .50.0 708 735 7ao
. •·
795 esa 933 I,,·

Kinematic \iiscosity-(:entistokes
Flow
. Bbi
·.
'.26.4 32.0 . 43.2 65.0 108A 162.3 216.5
l 325 I 435
I 650
 Friction
Friction Loss for Vtscous Liq ids. (Continued)·
· (Based on Darcy's Form ia) ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 O .0 Feet of Pipe
1Y2 Inch (1.610" inside dia) Sch 4b New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity- lcentistokes

Flow
0.6 1.1 2.1 2.7 4.3 7.~ 10.3 13.1 15.7 20.6
us Bbl
gal per Approx SSU vistosity
per hr(42
min gal) I 31.5. 33 35 40 50 60 70 80 100

1 1.4 .13 .10 .20 .25 ·.41 69 .• 97 1.23 1.47 1.93

2 2.9 .42 .49 .39 .51 .. 83 139 1.93 2.46 2.94 3.86
3 4.3 .86 .98 1 .17 1.25 i~24 2~08 2.89 3.68 4.41 5.79
4 5.7 1.43 1.63 1.92 . 2.07 1.65 2'f78 3.86 4.91 S.88 .7.72
5 7.1 2.11 2.42 2.83 3.05 2.Cm 3:47 ·4.82 6:14' 7:35 9;65

6 8.6 2.90 3.36 . 3.89 4.i8 4.69 .. 1.7 5.79

"··
"7.37. 8.82 n»
8 11.4 4.97 5.60 6.44 6.87 7.77 .9 .02 ,. 7.72 I 9.IJ3 11,Et . 1!j.5
10 14.3 7.51 8.34 9.58 10.1 11.6 1~.2 ... 9.65 . 12.3·,,. -'14.7 19.3
12 17.1 10.4 11.6 13.4 14.0 15.6 1 i .9 19.8 14.7.... · 11:6· ·23'.2
15 21.4 16.0 17.4 · 19.6 20.7 23.2 2E .5 29.1 31.1 ., . 21.0 291J

20 . 28.6 27.2 29.5 32.9 34.6 . 38.2. 4~.9 47.6 51.1 53.8 38.6
25 35.7 41.4 44.8 49.5 51.8 57.5 ·.61.6 . 70.1 75.2 78.9 84.7
30 42.9 . 58.8 63.0 69.1 72.0 79.0 8~.3 97.1 103 109 116.5
. 40 57.1 102 107 . 117 .· 122 132 15 . 160 170 . 178 191
50 71.4 157 164 .·. 178 183 198 22: 237 251 . 263. 281

60 85.7 224 233 249 259 279 30E 330 347 362 388
70 100 300 312 333 343. 369 404 436 457 477 508
80 114 389 403 427 440 470 51E 551 580 602 643
90 129 498 508 536, . 550 585 63• 681 715 746 792
100 143 601 624 656 670 714 77· 820 863 898 949

Kinematic viscosity- centistokes

Flow
26.4 32.0 43.2 65.0 108.4 162.3 216.5 325 435 650
 . .·. . ·._ ... .. " ' . . . .··.·..". ·.·

I) lft!Jers~ll-Dl'esserPump~ · .. CameronHydraulic Data·

Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids (Continued)·
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
·. t.cseJn Feet oJLiquid per tooo Feet of Pipe .. ·
2 Inell (2~067" inside dia)Sch 40 New St~el Pipe
. :

Kinematic viscosity-centtstokes
Flow
us:
-.

Bbl
.6 I 1.1
I 2.1
I 2.7
I -4.3 I 7.4
I 10.3
·.
I 13.1 .I 15.7
I .20c6

gal per . ·. ··Approx -ssu viseosity . : :

per hr(42
min gal) .: 31.5 . . 33·· .. 35 40 50 · .. ··60 70 .•. .80 100
-,
...
1 1.4 . ~04 .04 • 07 .09 .75 .26 . ·., 36 ·.45. · . . 54. . .. ;71
2 2.9 J3 :15 .. < .. 15 •' .19 .30 .51 .n ;90 ·. 1.08 •.

1 ..42
4 5.7 . 43 .50 . .58 .63 . 59 1.02 ·.1.42 1.81 . . 2.17 . 2.84
6 8.6 .. 87 1.00 1.20 . 1.27 .1.46 .1 ..53 · . 2.13 . 2.71 3.25 4.26
•.

8 11.4 1;47 1.68 1.97 z.ia '2.38 2.04. 2~84. . 3.61 ·. 4.33 ~·68
.3.56
'·
10 .14.3 2.20 2'.55 . 2.90 .3.09 3.52 '2.56 4.52 .5.42 ''f,11'
12 . 17.1 3:()6 .3.46 .. .. 3.97 4.23 4.78 5,57 4;21 5.43 6.51 .8.53
14 20.0 . 4.07 4.51. 5:22 .· 5.51 6,26 }.28 4.98 6.3~ 7;59 :9;96
16 22.8. 5.17 5.79 6.65 ·1~01 7.92 9.16 9.95. 7.23 8.67 1j,4
18 25.7 6.44 '7.16 · · . 8.HL .. _··8.63. 9.6i 11.2 12.6. · .. 13.1 9.76 :1~.8

20 28.6 7.82 8.64 9.77 : J0.4 11.6 ·. 13.5 14.8. 15.5 10.8 : J~,2. ·.
25 35.7. 11.9 13.0 14.7 15.4 . 17.2 19.9 I
21.61 . 22.8 24.1 •·· . ·1/f.8 .
30 42.9 17.0' 18.2 20.4 21.5 ·. : 23.8 . 27.2 29.9. 31.2 33.o·.· '.35.6
35 50.0 22.3' ... 24.1 .27.0 28.2-·· 31.2 ·. 35.6 38.6< 40.4· 43.4 . 47.3
40 57.1 28:8 .• 31.0 34.2 ·. .. 36.0 39.6. 44.6 ·. 48.8 5:;?.9, .54.1 • 60.7
.
. ~- ..
50 71.4 : . 44.1 47.2 . 52.0·..· 54.0 59;2 ... ·. 66.4 .' .. 72,0 .. .76:9 78.4 .• . 86.2 .
60 85:7 62.7 66.5 _72.2 74.2 82.3 91:8. 98.6 105 111 119
70 100 -. 84.1. .. . 83.5 . 9~.8 '·99.4 . 108 120 130 137 145 156
80 114: 109 114 .. 123 ·-127 138 .: 154 166 17.4 . 182 195
90 129 137 143 154 158 .171 192 204 215 225 239.

100 143 167

"·
176 188 193 208 . •230 244 260 269 289
110 157 202 211: 225 231 246 275 290 307 319 .· 335
120 171 238 249 ._265· 273 290 321 341 358. 375 396
.
...;.
.•,·.}
,
.I.
J
·-·-_
Friction
- -.:

,,.
' - - ' - ,' ~
Friction_ Loss- (Based
·_for_. Vi_ sc_ ous ll-quids· - . (Co- ntinued)
on Darcy's For ula)
.I
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 00 Feet of Pipe
l
.1 2 Inch (2.067" inside dia) Sch 4 New Steel Pipe

:I
: .'.·1 I

•• us
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.0
I .43.2
I
Kinematic viscosity+centistokes

65.0
I 1oa.4 I , )2.3 I ais.s 1 325 I 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSU v scosity

per hr(42

•• min gal). 125 150 200. 300 500 50 ' 1000 1500 2000 _3000.,

c:,.-
1 1.4 .91 1.10 1.49 2.24 3.74 . 5.60 7.48 11,2 15.0 22.4--:.
~ 2.9 1.82 2.21 2.98 4.48 7.49 11.2 15.0 22.4 30.0 ~:9
3 4.3 2.73 3.31 4.47 6.73 11.2 HJ.8 22.4 '33.6 45.0 67.4
4 5.7 3.64 4.42 5.96 8.98 15.4 ~2.4 29.9 '44.8 60.0 ·.89.9
5 7.1 4.56 -.- 5.52 7.45 11.2 - - 18.7 ~8.0 37.4 56.0 75.0 112
la;...
6 -. 8.6 6.47 6.63 '8.95 13.5 '22.5 ~3.6 44.8 ·87.2 ."90.0 135
..

=•·-·
.J 7 10.0 - 6.38 7.73 '10.4 15.7 26.2 39.2 52.3 78.4 :f-05 157
8. 11.4 7.29 8.84 - 11.9 18.0 30.0 ~4.8 59.8 89.6 120 '180
·•'
9 12.9 8.20 9.94 '13.4 20.2 33.7' W.4 67.3 i101 -135 .202
'-.. •) 10 14.3 9.11- ' 11.0 14.9 - .22.4 37.4 rn.o 74.8 772 150 224

12 17.1 10.9 13.3 18.9 28.9 44.9 17.3 89.7 135 .180 289
-_·' 14 20.0 - . 12.7 . 15.5 .20.9 31.4 . 52.4 ·~8.4 105 157 210 ~14
'I 16 22.8 14.6 17:7 23.9 35.9 59.9 9.6 120 179 240 359

:--
18 '25.7 16.4 19.9 26.8 - . _ 40.3 67.4 7( 1 735 202 270 404
.~ '
20 28.6 78.2 ' 22.1 _ 29.B . ~.9 74.9 1 2 150 224 .300 449

25 35.7 . 22.B 27.6' 37.3 58.t '93.6 1• 0 187 ' 280 375 582
- 30 42.9 27.3 >33.1 44.7 67.3 112 108 22.f . '336 450 67.f
35 so,o 31~9 38.1 52.2 78.5 131 106 262 392 525 186
40 57.1 ,63.0 44.2 59.6 89.8 150 2. 4 299 .448 600 899
45 64.3' 70.8. . 80.2. 67.1 101 168 2l•2 336 503 .675

50 71.4 92.8 97.1 .74.5 112 187 2~ 374 560 750

60 85.7 127 134 146 135 225 336 448 872 900
70 100 162 176 189 157 262 3$2 523 "784
80 114 208 219 238 180' 300 of.JS 598 896
 ~ .. : .·. . . . .

· 1 ·~
•' '

Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps. · ·camerort Hydraulic Data

·------· ·~-------~-Friction Loss for·Viscous~ Liquids (Continued)·- -- - ~·
· . (Based on Darcy's Formula) ·
. Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feef of Pipe .' .
· 2v2 Inch (2.469" inside dla) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
:·
. Kine·matic visccsity-e-centistokes .
Flow
I
..

.US Bbl
.6
1
1.1
I 2.1
I 2.7 I . 4.3
I 7.4.
...
10.3
I 13.1
I 15.7
l 20.6

gal per· .. Approx ssu viscosity •. .. . .

·per. hr(42 . ,.
min gal) .
·.· 31.5 33 . ·.35.· AO '50 •'
60 76 80 100
. .·
·. 2.66.
.10 .' J4.3 .92 1.05 1.23 .· 1.31 1.48 - 1:26 1;75 2.22 3.50 · .
12 '. 17.1 1~28 . 1.47 1.70 . 1;ao 2.04 . . · •. J';61 -2.10 2.61 ·'· .·3.19 4.19
14 20.0 '. '1.68
.. 1.92. : . 2.23 2.37 2.65 . . 3.09 2.45 ·3;11 3.73. ·.4.89
. 16 •' 22.B -2.15 . 2.43 2.81 2.99 ····3.34, 3.86. . ·2.80 3;56 4;26 5.59 .
18 .. 25.7 2.68 1· . 2.99: 3.46 3.68 . 4.21. 4.77' . 5.26 : 11.00· .f.80 6.28
.
.

. 20 28.6 3.23 3.61 4,27 4.42 4.94 5.73 6.26 . . "illl-1 . · .: 5.33 6.98
25 35.7 4.88. .· 5.39·. 6.17 6.55 .7.31 ·B.42 9;20. .9.79 6.66 a13
30 :42.9
"
. 6'.87 .· 7.57' .8.55 9;07 . 10.1 H.5 12.6 . ·. '13~5 14.1 . :10.5 .
; 1:8 16.4'• . 18.5
"

35 .50.0 9.18 •. 9.97 11.3 .13.3 . 15.1 17.7 20.0

40 . · 57.1 11.8
... . 12.. 8 14.3 .15.0 '• .' 16.8 : . 19.0 · . 20.7 . 22.1 23.2 ' 25.0
...
45 64.3. 14.8. 15.9 17.7 . 18.7 20.8 · 23.5 25.6 21.1 '.
. ..'
28.4 " .30.6
50 71.4 18.1 19.3 21.4 22.4 24.9 . 28.3 •30.6. .. 32.5· -: 34.1 . .36.8
60 ', 85.7 -25.6 21:2 .29;9 31.1: •3~(2. 39.1 . 42.1' 44.7 46.7> .·.5a.4 ·
I
70 i100. ·. . 34.2 36.2 39.6 :41.4 .· 45.2. 51.4 55.4 58.5 61.5. . 66.0
80 114 . 44.1 . 4.6.7 50~6 .. ;53.0-. - 57.3 . 64.5 69.7.: 74.2 77;5 ·. ·. 82.7 .•
···.: .·.
'
129.
90·.·. . 55.2 -58;8 ·. 63.2 .. 65.4 .: 70.9. 80.0 86.6 91.2 . 95.3 103
100 . 143. 67.2 .·
. 72.3. 75,7 . 79.4 "ss.a .: 96.3 104 109 .· . 115 123
.110 157 80.9 86.2 92.4 94.B 103 . 113 121 130 135 146.
120 171 95.7 102 roe .· 112 . 121 133 '· 143 ·. . 151 :
158 169
130 : 186 .
.·.
112 118 .: 125 130. 139 155 166 176 181 . 194
..
140 200 129 136 144 150 160 176 188 198 209 221
150 214 147 155 165 170 181 . 198 212 223 234 .250
160 228 ~67
188
175
i96
187
210
191
214.
. .203 224 238
267
253
283
262 281
312
170 243 226 248 290
 Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous. Llqi ids (Continuedf
(Based on Darcy's Form& la) · ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 100) Feet of Pipe

2V2 Inch (2~469" inside dia) Sch 4 ) New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-j entistokes

US
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.o I 43.2 I 65.o I 108.4 I 162 3 · I .216.s 1 325 1 '435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vise osity
per hr(42 t----..-----.---..----..-----.--+--r---""T"""--""T"""--""T'"""--
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 75) 1000 1500 2000 3000

II
1 1.4 ·".45 ~·54 .73 1.10 1.84 2.'5 ·3.67 5.52 7.38 11.0
2 2.9 ;~90 1.09 1~47 2.20 3.68 5.~ '7;35 11.0·. 14.B .22,0
4 5.7 1~79 2.77 2.93 4.41 7.38 t 11.(J :·'.·,14.7 .22.1 .:'.~.28;5 · ... fU.1
6 8.6 2~69 3.26 4.40 6.62 11.0 '18.5 :;;22.0 33.1 ..U.3 66.2
8 11.4 .. 3.58 4;34 5.87 8.~ 14.7 '::-'22,()
·.::~:":· 4•f.?;.
10 14.3 4;48 5.43> 7.33 11iJ 18.4
12 17.1 5.:38 6.51:·· 8.80 13.2 ·22.1
14 20.0 6.21 ·7.60 10.3 15./f 25.7
16 22.8 7.1.6 s.88 11.7 17.tJ 29.4
18 25.7 8.06 9.:ii . 73.2 ~19.8 33.1
20 28.6 · BJ16 10.!i'. 14.7 22.0· 36.8 _,,55.0•.
25 35. 7 '11~2 13.o·r 18.3 27.6 48.0 ···~88~8 .
30 . 42.9 13.4 ·16.3'. 22.0 33.f 55.2 ,.,' 82.6.
35 50.0 ·.15;i 19.0 ~ 25.6 .38.B .84.4" '·.96.l
4Ci 57.1 - 11.9 21.1; . ·29,3 44.2 13.6 ·:110
45 64.3 33.0 •· 24.4 33.0 49.6 82.8 1·24
50 71.4 39.2 21.2 .: · .. 36.6 55.2 92.0 .:.138
60 85.7 . 54.0 56.5 44.0 68.2• 110 .;765 •.··
70 100 70.0 73.5 51.3 . n.2 129 193 '
·:·220 .
80 114 87.7 93.4 101 BB.3 147

90 129 110 115 125 99.3 166 248

100 143 130 137 148 110 '··· 184 '·275 ,.
110 157 154 164 176 197 202 303
180 .·
· .I ~ .lngersoll·Dresser
: . .

P.ulllps Cameron Hydraulic Data

·Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids· (Continued)·.
· . ·. (Based on Darcy's Formula) . · . . ". ·.. · .

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of. Pipe ,

-. 3 Inch (3.068" inside' diaY Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosit}t-Centistokes
: Aow

us Bbl
.6 I t.t. I ·. 2.1
I '£7
I 4.3
, ,
I 7.4 10.3
I 13.1
I t5.7
I 20.6

gal :per .· .,
, .
Approx ssu viscosity
per h~(42
min gal) 31.5 , 33, .·,. .35 -,
40 50 ,· 60 10 80. 100

, , >:~~
, ,

,8 11.4'' .22 .25 ;32. .24 .42 ;59. , .74' .89 1.18
10 14:3 .32 ;37 .47 .54 ;53 , :,73: , ·.·.93, 1.11 1;47
15 ·. 21.4 .70 .76 .' .89 .94 1.07 .79 , 1;10 1.40 '1.67 2.20
.,
20 : 2B.6 1.12 1.27, 1.47 .: 1.57, ', 1.78. ·:2.07 1.46 1.136 2.23 2.93
, 25 35.7' 1.69 ,1.93 '· 2.31 , .. ·2.61 3.01 3.29.' 2,33
.. 2.23 2.79 3.66
,,.
. :
:· 4.12
, ,•

: 30 42.9 2.36 2.64 '2.99 3.22 3.60 '4.50' 4.83 3.35 4.40
35 50.0 3.13, 3.48 3:97 4.21 A66 5.41 5.89 6.35 6.61 . .5.13
40 57:1 4.03· 4.42 ·5.02 5;29 5.90,. 6.80 7.46 7.93, , 8.37 5;87
so 71.4 6:10 ,' 6,70 7.50 ··1.93. 8.76, 10.1 , ·, 10.9
15:0 ··
11.7 < 12.3 , 13.2
.60 85.7, 8.57 Jl.32 10,.4 ,•, 11.0 12.0 ·13.7 ,16.0 , 16.8 18;0
,

70 , 100 11.5, , 12.4 ,

13.8 , 14.5 15.9 18.0 .19.6 20.9 21.9 .. 23.6
, '·· ·,

80 114 14.7 , 15.9 17.5 ,, 18.4' 20.3 · 22.9 24.6 '. 26.4 ,· 27.7 29.8
.90 ,·. 129 -. 18.4, 19.,9 21.8 22.8 25.0 .ae.o · 30.4 , , 32.4, ·.33.8· 36.3
100 143 22.4 24.2 25:3 .· -, 27.5 30:2 33:7 36.4 :
,, 39.0 40:8 43.6
120 , 171 31.8 34.1 36.9 .' , 38.6 , .41.9 .': ,.46.8' 50.5 53.4 56.4 60.0

140 200 42.4 : 45.6 49.4 50.9, .55.4 , 65.5 66.0 10:0 73.2 78.6 ,
160 228. 54.8, 58.0 63:3 .·· 65.4 70.4 .: 79.1 •, 83.8. 87.9 92.3 98.2
180 257 . 69.o '. 72.7 78.7, 81.6 87.2 9i2·· . 104 109 114 122.
200
:
286 84;7 88.9 95.7 , 99.4' 106 .11} 125 13.1 137 146
225 322 101: >· 1,12 1,20 124 132 145 155 ., 164, , 169 180
,

•·250 357 ., 131. 137 ·, 147 15.1 '.· 160 175: 188 195 204 218
275 393 158' 164 , 175 , 180., 191 208 226 .: 233. ·.243, 258
300 429, 187 193 .204 ,.· 212 225 244. 260 273 281 298
··..-·~-.
.•:.
. . ..
. . . . -~··
Friction
-;

....
. . •.

..
.\ .

---Friction Loss for Viscous Liq Jids (Continued)

'•.·
·' ---· --~- ·-
v : · ·
.· '
(Based on
. .
Darcy's
.
Form~la)... '
. ·. · ·

:~ Loss in Feet of Liquid per· 1 OC 0 Feet of Pipe

•••.. .
' ·1.
3 Inch (3.068" inside dia) Sch 4( New Steel Pipe
· ...·.. ,
'
'.

•••-'
Kinematic viscosity- centistokes

I I I
Flow

us Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4 16 >.3 216.5 325 I 435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vi~ cosity

..·--.).~'
per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 7!0 1000 1500 2000 3000

•., '
4 5.7 .75

II
.91 1.23 1.85 3.08 ~ 62 6.16 9.25. 12.4 18.5
6 8.6 1.13 7.37 7.84 2.77 4.62 ~92 9.24 13.9 18.5 27.7
8 11.4 1.50 1.82 2.45 3.70 B.16 9r23 12.3 18.5 24.7 "38.9
10 14.3 1.88 2.28 ·3.06 4.62 7.70 . 1115 15.4 23.1 . 30.9 48.2
. ·. 55.5
-:
12 17.1 '2.25 . 2.73 3.68 5.55 9.24 1:3 B 18.5 27.7 37.1

.,. : 14
16
20.0
22.8
2.63.
3.00
3;18
3.64
4.29
4.90
. 6.47
7.39
. 10.8
12.3
. . J~.2
1~ 5
. 21.5
24.6
32.3
31.0
.f3.3
-49.5
64.7
73.9
e.o:
··,\.);·
i.
r: 18 25.7 3.38 4,09 5.52 B.31 13.9 2G.8 27.7 . 41.6 55.6 83.2
20 28.6 3.76 4.55 6.13 9.24 15.4 30.8 46.2 .61.8 92.4
25 35.7 4.69 5.69 7.67 11.5 19.3 ~~1
2 8 38.5 51.7 77.3 115

.;
.. · 30 42.9 5.63· 6.83 9.20 13.9 23.1- 34_6 . 46.2 89.3 92.7 139
35 50.0 6.51 7.97 10.7 16.2 .. 27.0 53.8· 80.9 108 ·162
·40 ~.3
51.1 1.51 9.10 12.3 18.5 30.8. . 6.2 61.6 92.5 124 185

••/, 50 · 71.4 9.39 . 11.4 . 75.3 23.1 -38.5 . 57;.7. .17.0 . 115 154 231
2n

~-·
60 85.7 19.2 13.7 18.4 .· 27.7 . 46;2 .. 69i·2· 92.4 139. 185

·.,··)·
70 100 25.3 26.8 21.5 . 32.3 53.9 108 182 218 .323
•:·,
.l.;
80 114 31.6 . 33.6 24.7 37.0 61.6 9 .3 123 . 185 247 369
90 129 38.9 40.9 44.6 41.6 69.3 '1 . . 139 . 208 278 416
100 143 46.1 49.5 53.0 . 46.2 . 17.0. 11 154 .231 309 482
., 120 171 . 64.0 67.6 . 72.9 ·. 55.5 92.4 13 185 2n 371 555.

140 200 83.9 89.1 94.9 108 108 16~ 215 323 433 647
160 228 106 111 120 135 .123 18~ 246 370 495 739
l 180 257 131 137 148 164 139 20i . 277 416 556 832
200 286 157 163 179 198 154 23, 308 482 618 924
--··

I~ ·1ngersoH·Dre,sser _,umps
·-----·---- .....

·Cameron Hydraulic Data

Friction Loss for Viscous Llqulds (Continued)
· · • (Baaed o·n Darcy's Formula) ·· .· . · . · .

loss in Feef of Liquid per 1000 Feefof Pipe

3Y2 Inch (3.548;'inside dial 'sch.40 New Steel Pipe
Kinematic -Viscosrty centistokes
Flow
I I I l
..

us Bbl
... 6
I 1.1
·.
2.1 I - 2:.7 ·1 .4.3 7.4 10.3 I 13. 1 '15.7 I 20.6

gal per .. -, Approx SSU viscosity

per hr (42 ·
rmn gal) 31.5. 33. .35 40 50 60 70 80 100 .

20 28.6 ':.. 56·· . .. 63

•.

·,72 .78 .· .88 1.03 . •82 1;04. . 1.25 . .1.84

25 35.7. .82. ,93 . 1.08 1.14 1.29 1.52 ···· l.67 1.30 1:58 ~05 .·
30 42.9 . 1.15 1.29 1.50· 1.57 1.78 2,09 2.30 1.58 1.87 2.'48
35 . 50.0 1.53 1.70. 1.94 2.08 2:31 2.68 2.97 3.18 . 2.18 2.87
40. 57 .. 1 1.95· . 2~17 .. 2.49. ·. 2.68 '2.91. . 3.35 3.70 4.00 . 4.21 3.28
. '•

45 64.3 2.46· ·. 2.68·. 3.03 . ·3.22 3.59 4.11 4.57 4JH . 5 •. 19 ·'3,fi9
50 71.4 2.95 ·3.25 3.68 .. ' 3.90 4,32 .· 4.98 5.42 .·. 5.87· 6.20 . 6.64
. 7.97 · .
•.

60 . 85.7 .4:17 . 4.54 ..

·5.12 . 5.38. 6.00 6.82 7.41. . 8.41 9.21
70 100 6.78 6.02 .· 6.78 7.11. .. 7.84 8.87 9.76 . 10.4 .10.9 11.9
80 -114 . 7.19 .· 7.72 .8.57 .· 8~79 9.81 · 11.2. 12.3 13.() 13.7 14;9

90 129 8.92 .. 9.59. 10.6·· 11.2 . 12.5 13.9 15.0 16.1 · 16:8 :1a.3
iOO 143 10.8 . 11.7 •. . 12.9 . 13.6. 14.8 16.8 18.0 19.3 20.2 21.7
120 171 15.4 16.4 18.1 . 18.7. ·20.5. 22~9 25.0 26.3 27.7 29.7
140 200 . 20.5 22.0 . 23.9 . _24.9 27.3 30.5 . 33.1 34.6 36.0 39.1
160 228 .·.· 26.4 - . 28.3 30:9 . 31.9 '35.0 38.4. 41.8 ; 43.9 45;6 · 49.o ·
..

180 257 33.0 35.0 . . 38.0 39.6 42.5. 47.7 50.8 54.0 56.3 60.1
200 286 40.3 43.C> 46.3 '48.0 '51.4 57.1 61.8· 55_5·· 68.0 72.2
225 322 50.7 53.2 57.7. · . · 59.7 64.7 71.2 75.9 80.1 84.3 sas
250 357 62.6·· 65.0·· . . 70.9 72.7 78;9 86.5 92.7 96.9 101 107
275 393 75.4. n.9 84.6 • .. 87.1 93.3 .. 102 110 115 120 127

300 . 429 ·. 89.2 ..· . · 92.2 99.6 .. 103 109 119 128 135 140 148
325 464 104 108 116 . 120 .· .· 127 138 .: 147 154 161 171
350 500 121 124 t 133 .138 146 .159 169 178 183 194
 ] Friction
Friction_ Loss fQr_'Jis~()~_s_~iqhids (Continued)
· · · (Based on Darcy's FormI;la) .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
3Y2 Inch (3~548" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
Kinematic viscosity l+centistokes

US
Flow

Bbl
26.4 32.o I I
43.2 [ ss.o [ 1oa.4 162.3 21s.5I I I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSU \(iS!:asirtv·:

per hr(421--~--r~~.....,.~~-.~~'""T""~~.--1-~-.~~-T"""~~-,-~~-,-~~
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 .' !1'50 1000 1500 2000 3000

10 14.3 1.05 127 1:12 2.58 4.32 6.46· B.62 12.9 16.9 . 25.8
15 21.4 1.sr 1.91 2.58. 3.88 6.47- 9.88 12.9. .19• .f 25.4 38.8
20 28.6 2.10 2.54 3.44 5.17 8..63 2.9 ·11.3 25.8 .. 33.8 51.7
25 35.7 2.62 3.18 429 6.47 10.B 6.1 21.tJ 32.3 :42.3· ~.7
30. 42.9 3.15 3.82 5.15 7.76 J3.0 _9~. .::25.9 .311.8 . . "' .;'S0.1 71.6
35 50.0 3;67 . 4.45 "6.01 9.QS
40 57.1 4.2() 5.09 481 10.3
45 64.3 4;72 5.73 :r.i3
··s.59
11.6
50 71.4 5;25 S.3tJ 12.9
60 85.7 5.30 rs« 10.3 15.5

70 100 12.8 8.91 12.0 18.1 .' ·90.$· ,·us ·1s1>

80 114 16.1 16.9 '13.7 20.7 .103 f" ·135' 201.
90 129 19.6 20.8 · 15.5 ·23.3 -ti« · 152 233
100 143 23.6 24.8 17.2 25.9 . 129 1.89 . 258
120 171. . 31.9 .· 34.0 37.1 31.0. ···155 .. ,203 . :no
140 200 41.5 43.8 48.2 36.2
160 228 52.3 55.3 60.5 67.7
180 257 64.6 67.3 73.9 83.4
200·· 286 77.3 8(5 87.9 99.9
225 322 94.4 99.8 108 122

250 357 114 120 129 146 108 .6'7

275 393 134 141 153' 172 199 711

.::>·
300 429 157 164 178 '198 233 '716
325 464 181 188 205 227 266
350 500 206 215 233 258 301
 . . - .

I) lngersoH·Dresser Pumps ';. . Cameron Hydraulic Data

Friction· Loss for Viscous Llqulds (CoritihueciJ · - --

(Based on. Darcy's Formula} · · ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Fe'et of Pipe
. 4 Inch . (4.026"
.
inside dia) Sch 40 New
.
Steer Pipe .
..
'

...

·Kinematic viscosity-centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
.6 I 1.1
I 2.1 I 2.7·
I 4.3 l 7.4 l 10.3. I 13:1
I 15.7 l 20.6

gal per .· . Approx SSU viscosity

per hr(42 ,
so
,

40 70 ',•
,

min gal) 31.5 33 35, 60 BO 100

20 26.6, .30 .34 .40 .43 .49 .57 .50 .63 .75 .99
30 42.9 .62 .70 .82 .a1• ·.98, 1.14 1.25 , .• 95 1.13, 1.48
40 57.1 1~05 1.18 1.35, , 1.44 1.62 1.86 2.04 2.20 '1.51 1.96
50 71.4 ·.1.58 , 1.76 2.02 2.i3 2.37 2.75 .. 3.00 3.21 .3.40 2.47
60 85.7 2.22 .2;44 , ,
2.80 2.93 3.27 , 3.77 4.12 3.29, , 4.62 5.01-
..
70 , 100 · . 2.96 ·3.24 3.69 3.88 .. 4.31 4.93 , 5.39. '. , 5.72 ·, 6.03 6.53
80 114 3.79 4~.16 4.67 ····.·4.93 , 5.44 .,. 6.20·· 5,75 ,,
, 7.23 , 7.55· 8.17
.90 129 4.72 5.15 5.77 CG.OB 6.72 7.63, 8.32 .·8.87, 9.29 10.0
.
'.

100 143 5.77 6.27 , 6;91 7:33 .' 8.12 9,15. 9.97 10.6 11.2 12.0
120 171 . · 8.09 8.81 9.66 10.2 11.2, 12.7 13.6 14.6 '15.3'· 16S
1·
140 200 10.8 11.7 ,, 12.9 , 13.4 14.8 '16.6 J7.9. 19.0 20.0 21;5
160 228 13.9 15.0 16.4 .· 11.1 · ,·'18;8, ,,
21.1.·· . · ·. 22.1·· 24.0, 25.2 27.2
, 17.4
,

21.5 23.2 26;0 , 28;1'

,

180 257 18.7 20.4 29.6 30.8 33.3

200 286 21.4 22.7 24.9 , 25.9, 28;0. 31.4 -. 33.7 · . . '. 35.1 . , .36.9 ,' .40.0
220 .314 ,' 25.6.' .27.2 29~8, ·• 30.8 , ·.'33.2 37.3, ,. 40.2 42.3 44.0· 47.0
· ..
I.
240 343 30.3 -. 32.0 34.9 >'36.1 38.8, '· 43.4 46.8 49-.1 .·. 51.4 ,• .· 54.6··
260 371 35.4, 37.2· 40.4 42.0 45.0 50.1 53.9' , 56.7 59;3 .· .62.7
.280 400 ·.40.8 42.7, 46.4 ·.··'48.2. , 51.7 •·. 57.4 .· 61.6< 65.0 67.4 71.3
300 429 46.6 48.7 53.0 ·58.8 6.4.9 ,· 69.6 · -. 73.3 76.0 81.0
· •·· 54.B · 101 ,
350 500 62.7 65.6' 10.6··. . 72.8.· · 77.9 · 85.4 91.2 96.2 107

400 · 571 81.4 '. '84;7 90.4 .: 93.7 99.8 109 116. 122 127 , 135
450 643 , 102, 106 .113 117 124 •. · 135 144 .151, , 157 167
500 714 125 130 137 )42 151 .. 164 174.· 182 189 201
550 786 151 157 165 ·.· 170 ' 180,, 195 206 . 216. 224 239
 Friction

Friction Loss for Viscous Liq~ids (Contin.ued)

- - -. -, · (Based on Darcy's For~ja) .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
4 Inch (4.026" Inside dia) Sch 401 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity- centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108-4 I 16: .3 I 216.5 I 325 I 435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vi! cosity
per hr (42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 TI 0 I
1000 1500 2000 3000
s 85

E
15 21.4 .95 1.15 1.55 2.34 3.97 7.80 11;7 15.7 23.4
20 28.6 1.27 1.54 . 2.07. 3.12 5.21 7 80 10.4 15.6 20.9 31.2
30 42.9 1.90 2.30 3.11 .4.68 7.82 117 . 15.6 23.4 31.3 46.B
40 57.1 2.54 3.08 4.15 6.25 10.4. 1~.6 20.8 3.1.2 41.8 62.5
50 71.4 3.17 3.8.f 5.18 1.81 13.0 1S 5 .26.0 39.0 52.2 18.1

60 85.7 ·3.80 4.61 6.22 9.37 15.6 . 23,4 31.2 46.8 .82.7 '93.1
70 100 4.44 5.38 7.25 10.9 18.2 zt.3 36.4 54;6 73.2 109
80 114 8.81 6.15 8.29 12.5 20.B 3i.2 41.6. .62.4 .83.6 -125
90 129 10.8 .11.3 9;33 14.1 23.4 3L1 46.8 10.2 su.1. 141
100 143 12.9 13.7 :10.4 15.6 26.0 3!.0 52.0 78.0 105 158

120 171 . 17.6 18.6 20.3. 18.B 31.2 4L8 . 62.4 .·. 93.7 125 .187
140 200 22.9 24.3 26.5 21.9 36.4 5' .6 12.8 . 109 146 218.
160 228 29.0 30:3 33.2 25.0 41.7 6: .4 ·s3.2 125 187• 250
180 257 35.5 37.4 40.7. 45.7 .. 46.9 71 .2 93.6 '.140 188 281
200 . 286 42.6 45.0 .48.7 54.8 52.1 7LO 104 156 209. ·312
220 314 50.3 53.0 57.1 64.7 57.3. .--~ .s. 114 172 230 -. 343
·58.5 ·. ~ ~.6 .
343
'
240 61.5 65.1 74.7 82.5 -.125 187 ·251., . 3'15
260 371 67.2 70.B 76.B 85.7 67.7 10 . 135 203 272 :406
280 400 . 76.4 80.5 87.2 97.3 73.0 10': ~ - 146 218 ,, ·292.· . 437
300 429 . 85.8 90.8 98.5 110 127 11 !>' 156 ·234 313 A68
325 464 98.5 104 113 125 146 12r 169 254 340 508
350 500 112 118 128 143 166 13!1 182. 273 366 547
375 536 127 133 145 161 187 14$ 195 293 932 ·sss
400 571 143 149 162 180 208 15 9 -· 208 312 418 825
450 643 178 184 198 222 254. 28 5 ,234 351 .. 410 103
. .
 . ·. ·. . .
.

1 ·~ ·Ingersoll-Dresser
.

• ; • :
~umps · Cameron Hydraulic Data
I • ., •.•

... Friction tossforVJscoust:iquias

::rcontinued) . .
(Based on Darcy's Formula)· ·· ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of .:Pipe

. 6 inch (6~065" inside dia) Sc~ ·40 ·New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes . ·.
Flow

us . Bbl .
.6 I 1.1 I 2. 1 I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4.
I 10.3
I 13 .. 1 I 15.7 I 20.6

gal ·per · Approx SSU viscosity ·

per hr (42
· gal) ..
min· 31.5 33 35 40 50 60 70 . 80' .. 100
.·

107 .. .49 .58 . 61 ;68 .. so .86 .98' .. .

r
75
100 143
· .. 45
.. 77 . .85 '. .96 1.01 1.14 1.30 1.42
.. .· . . 93
1.52 .'. 1.62
.72
1.74.
'.
125. . 178 .1.14 '1.27 1.43 l.51 1~68 1'.95 2.10 2.23 2.35 2.57
150 214 '1 .61 1.78 2.01 · 2.09. 2.32 2.66. · . 2.86 3.08 3.20 3.46
175 250 2.13 2.37. 2.63 . 2;79 3.04 •3.52 ... 3.74 . · · 3.97 ':', · .. 4.24 .· 4~51
. · .• .
..
200 ·2ss · 2.75 3.00 3.34 .: 3.55 3.85 4.41 4.76 5.02 5.31 · 5.69
225 I 322 3.42 3.74. . 4;17 . 4.38 4.78 .· 5.39 . 5 .. 89·· '5.16 6.45 7.05
1•
250 ·357 .. .4.15 •. 4.55 •. 5.07 5.21 5.76 :6.94 .· . 7.11 7.47 7.77 8.41
275 393. 4.99 5.42 .· 6.02 6.28 6.88. 7.60 8.35 8.86 9.18 9.81
.300 . 429·· 5.87 6.38 7.06 . . 7,37 8.09 . ' 8.94. 9.69 10.3 10.8 11.4.

350 500. 7.90 .8.45 9;38 ' 9.80, . 10.5. .1J.8 12.6 . 13.5. 14.2· 15.0
400 571 10.2 10.9 11.8 12.5 .• •13.4 15.0 •. 16.0 17.0 18.0 · 19.1
450 643 12.8 . i3.6 -: · 14.8 ': 15.5·. 16.7 :18.5 19.7. . 20.1 21.8 23.7
500 714 15.6. 16.6 . 18.0 .· 18.7 . 20.4.•. · · ·22.6·' . 24.0·. 25.1 ., . 26.4 28.5
550 786 18.8 19.8 • . 21.5 .22.3 . 24;3 26.8•·. 28.5 . 29.6 . ·.· 29.9 33.4
..
..
600 857 .. 22;1 23;3· 25.1 . 26.2 28.4· 31.1 .33.2 · . 35_0· 36.2 ..38.8
650 929 25.8 27.2 .:' 29.2 . 30.4. 32.8·· ·as.1 • . 38;5 40.4. 41.B .. 44.7
700 1000. .29.7 .·. 31.2 ·33.5 34.9 37.5 .. · 41.1 .44.2 . 46.3 .· .. 47;9 .· 51.3.
750 1070· 33.9 35.6 . 38;2 39;7 . 42.5 46.7 49.9 ·. 51.8 . 54.0 57.2
58.5. ·..
800 1140 ·38.3' 40.5. 43.2 44.4 47.8 52.7 56.1 60.9. 64.3
.
900 1285 ·. 48.5 50.7. 54.4 55.6 59.3 ,65.4 . 69.1 · 72.8· 74.6 79.9
1000 1430 .: 59.5 62.2 '66.4 ,67.5 72.4. .. 79.3 83.4 . 87.6 91,0 95.9.
1100 1570 . 71.6. 74.8 79.4 B0.8· 86.7 '94,5 . 99.6 104 109 114
1200 1715 84.6 87.9 ' 93.4 95.6 102 .111 .111 . · · 12t .. :. 126 . 133
 Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous Liqu· ds (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Formu a)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1001 t Feet of Pipe
6 Inch (6.065" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-c enti stokes

Flow

us Bbl
26.4
I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4
I 162.3
I 216.5
I 325 1 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSU vis~ity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 75tj 1000 1500 2000 3000

II
50
75
71.4
107
.62 .14
1.12
1.00
1.51
1.51
2.21
2.52 .1.~s
5. 8
5.04
7.56
'7.57
11.4
10.1 15.1
.92 3.18' 15.2 22.7
100 143 1.23 1.49 2.01 3.03 5.05 r: 5 ' 10.1 '15.1 20.3 30.2
125 178 2.75 1.86 2.51 3.79 6.31' 9.• 5 12.6 '18.9 25.3 37.8
150 214
''
3.75 3.96 3.01 4.54 . ·. .7.58 11 .. r., r1s.1 ; . 22.1. 30.~ •45.4
···-:.

~;~~ ·35.5.
:•:.1·"•:·.
175 250 4.90 5.17. 5.62 5.30 ·8;84 •13 •• il•f7;6 . f'26.~~' ·"!63.0
200
225
250
275
286
322
357
393
'6.10
7.43
8.91
10.6
''
6.51
7.93
9.43
11.1
7.07
8.66
10.4
12.2
8.06
6.82
7.57
13.7
'10.1
-, '11.4'
. 12.B.
·' 73.9
15.
' 17.lf '.
··18. f
20.r~
,::;:20.2
.h:22.7
'. '.:'.25.2
'i~.27.7
: ·:!:
~~.1.;f..
,' 40:5
45.6
50.7
·55.~
·-·80.8
.·i,SIU
.'c15.7
;83;2
··::'·'.
, ~~:... ~

,1 ·f~:~{
i?' :::3o.2'' -,
300 429 12.3 12.9 ' 14.2 '15.9 ':'15.1 22. 60.9 ,,;.90:9'

,
26. •':,,·:. ~:;'35.3
350 500 15.9 17.1 18.3 20.8 '17.7. 11.0 foBf
400 sn 20.1 21.3 23.1 26.2. .: 20.2 30. . · 40.3 . 60.8' 81 •. 1 ·.nr.·
450 643 '24.7 26.0 28.6 31.9 36.9, 34. 1/45.3 •.88~2 91.3 1.3tf '
500 714 30.0 31.3 34.1 28.0 44.2 .' 37. ~..:·~ }'50.4 ·r1B;t.·. 101 1~1x.
Cr 550
600
786
857
35.6
41.5
36.9
43.1
'40.2
46.4
44.6
51.7'
52.1
59.1
41.~
45. 9
,•
'. 55,4
<80.5
'; ',·,:83.3
\.99·~~ . ;
112 ..
122;
·.?·,:·,
·11Jlt-
'· '· ~.

tt;. ·,
650
700
750
929
1000
1070·
47.7
54.1
60.8
50.0
57.0
64.4
53.4
60.8
68.5
59.6
68.6
76.8 ''
69.4
78.8
88.5
49.
88.~
'99.14
t2., :'·"65.5;
·'70.6
''75.6
'-•·985·'
:~~·:~~(:.
132·.··
142:
'7°52'
. '1J}.l~t '
·;·~~~:""
·• .

!~t·, 2~~>·
";.
i 800 1140 68.0 72.1 76.9 85.7 97.8 111 ,·80.6. 182'
900 1285 83.9 88.5 95.2 105 " 120 136 148 '183. .2721:,.
1000 1430 101 106 i15 126 144 163 177 203;\· 30~'"
;.~l\i,_:
I
1100 1570 148 192
:'
'· 120 125 136 171 208 ,:JB7!t' 223.·
,rs,t:· '.
'

1200 1715 .140 146 158 173 200 220 242 243·;,
 I~ lngersoll-l)resser Pumps . ··. ' .. . .. .
. Cameron
.· '
Hydraulic Data . . .

Friction-.LOss for Viscol.Js.Liqllids· (CohtinuedJ-·

. . · . (Based on Darcy's FcJ'rmula) . . . . .. .• .. .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 Feet of Pipe ooo
.
8 . Inch (7.981"
. ·.
inside
. ·.·
dla)
.. ·.
Sch
. . :
.4.. 0 Ne'w
·:. .
Steel Pipe.
,• . : . . .. .

-Kinernattc viscosity-centistokes
Flow

us .Bbl
.6 I 1. 1 1 2.1 1 2.1 . 1 4.3 I 7.4 I 10.3 I 13.1 ·. 1 15.7 I 20.6
gal per Approx·ssu viscosity·
·per hr (42
min gal) .· . 31.5 33. 35 ···:40 . 50 .''
60 70 .: 80 .' 100
150 214 .42 .4i .53 .56
'

.63 .72 .79 .84, ., .96

200 286 '.71 .78 :89 .94 .88
1.05 1.15 1.30 '1.38
250 357 1.07 1.18 1.33' 1.40 '1.45 1.57
.. 1.56 1.77. 1.92 2.04 2.14 '2.30 '•
300 429 .1.50 1.65 1.85 1.94' 2.15 2.43
350 2.65 . 2.8o 2.93 3.15'
500 '2.01 2.19 2.45 2.57 2.81 3.20 3.46 ;j,69. 3.85'
,.
•
.. 4.13
400 571 2.58 2.78 3;12 3~26' '3.58 '• 4.04
', 450 4.37 '4.64 4.83. 5~21
64,3 3.21 '3.48 4.42 .· s.oe
''

'3.85 4.05 5.39 .5.70 · •5_95

500 714 3.94 4.23 ' 4.69 4.90 .5.33: '6.38 '
•' 857 •, 5.98 6.49 '6.82 ·7.18 7.91.·
600 5.54 5.95 6.61 ,· 6.82 7.44 ' 8.27
700 1000 '8.89 .9.48 9.83 '10.6
?.44 7.96 ' 8~71 ' 9.04 .• 9.84' .,
10,9 ,' f1.9 12.4 13.0 .• 13.9
800 '1l40 9.66 10.2 11.l 11.i> ·12.6 '13.9. '14.8· 15-. 8. 16.4 ,, 17.4
900 1285 12~1 · .·•· . . 12.8 . 13:8 '1.4.4 15.5 '17.1
lOOO 1430 14.8 ' 15.6 : · 16.B · '18.4 '19.4 20.2' . 2(5
17.4'. '18.7' 20.B · •·22.2···
1200 1715 21.0 ' 22.0 .· 23.7 24.5 ' 26.4 28.9' 30.7
· .. 23.3,
32.4 ' .
·I· 24.4
33.5 :
26.0
1400' 2000 28:3 . 29.6 ·' 31.B '32.6 .•. 35.6 38~2··. 35.9. •'
'' 40.? 42.6 . ' .· 4.4.3 47.5 .
1600 2285 36.7 38.4. '. 40.6'. 42~1 '. .. 44.5. ·. 51.9
1800 48.7' 54.1 , 56. 1 59;3
2570 46.1 48.0 •' 50.8 52.3 55.4 60.4•
·2000 2860· 64.5 67.0 69.4 '·73.5
. 56.5 · 58 -. 8> 61;9 63.8 67.3 . 73.4 .· ·. 77.7
2200 3140 ,· 67.9 ' 70.2 ' ' 81.1 83.8 88.8 '
74.4 76.3' 80.5 87:5 92.1 . 96.B
2400 3430 80.8 ' 83.0 ··.88.0 90.2.' . 94.7 · . ' 99~6 105
! 103, ·.·· 108 .: i 14 117 123 • '
2600 3710 94.2 97.5 103 105 110 119
2800 125 13.1 135' '142
4000 109 .: 112 118 121 127 · 149'
3000 4285 125··.·. 136' 144 155 163
129 . 135 138 145.·' 155 164
3200 4570 142 .. 156 .. 170' 176. 184'
146 153 162. •.·.· 174 184
3400 ,4860 160 '164 191 197' 208,
172 174 182 .: . 196 206 213 220 232·.
;
 Friction

Friction· Loss tor Viscous Li~uids (Continued)

····-··
(Based on Darcy's Forr nula)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1l tOO Feet of Pipe
8 Inch (7.981" inside dia) Sch ~ 0 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosit1 -centistokes

1

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4
I 32.0
I 43.2 I 65.0
I 108.4 I 162.3 I 216.5
I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per ApproxSSU viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

E
50 71.4 .21 25 .34 .50 .84 1.26 1.68 2.52 3.38 .5.05
100 143 .41 .50 .67 1.01 1.68 2.52 3.36 5.04 6.76 10.1
150 214 1.03 .75 1.01 1.51 2.52 3.78 5.04 7.56 10.1 15.1.
200 286 1.67 1.76 1.34 2.02 3.37 5.04 6.72 10.1 13.5 20.2
250 ·. 357 2.46 2.60 2.85 2.52 4.21 6.30 8.40 12.B 16.9 25.3

300 429 3.37 3.56 3.69 3.03' 5.05 7.56 ·· 10.1 15.1 20.3 30.3
350 soo 4.39 4.63 5.04 5.69 5.89 8.82 11.8 17.7 23.6 35.3'
400 571 5.54 5.63 6.35 7.18 6.73 10.1 13.5 20.2 .· 27.0 40.4
450 643 6.79 7.16 7.75 8.76. 7.58 11.3 15.1 22.7 30.4 45.4
500 714 8.17 8.56 9.32 . 10.4 8.42 12.6 . 16.8. 25.2 33.8 50;5

550· 786 9.65 10.1 11.0 . 12.3 ·.·. 9.26 . 73.9 18.5 27.8 . 37.2 55.5
600 857 11.2 11.8 12.8 14.3 16.6 15.1 20.2 30.. 3 . 40.5 . 60.6
700 .1000 14.7 15.5 .16.7 18.6 21.7 77.6 . 23.5 35.3 •47.3' .·10.6.
800 1140 18.6 19.4 21.0 . 23.4 27.1 20.1 26.9 40.3 ·54.0 80.7
900 1285 22.9 . 24.0 . 25.9 28.7 ·. 33.1 . 37.4 ·30.2. ·45.4 60.8 90.8

1000 1430 27.4 28.8 31.0 34.4. 39.7 44.9 33.6. 50.4 67:6 101 .:
.1200 1715 37.8 ·39,4. 42.8 47.3 .· ~.3. 60.9 66.4 60.5 81.0 12f
1400 2000 49.7 52.0 56.1 62.0. . 70.6 79.3 . 86.7 70.6 94.5 '. 141
.1600 2285 . 63.2 65.7 70.6 . 78.0 89.3 99.4 108 80.7 108 161 -.
1800 2570 77.9 81.3 86.9 .: 96.2. 110 . '22 132. 150 722 182

2000 2860 93.4 98.0 105 116 132 147 159 180 135 202
2200 3140 111 116 124 137 155 73 186 211 149 222
2400 3430 130 135 145 159. 181 . '01 217 244 266 242
2600 3710 149 155 168 183 208 . : 31 250 279 306 262
2800 4000 J70 . 178 191 210 236 62 283 317 347 282
I~·· lngersoll~Dresser Pumps · . Cameron Hydraulic Data
. '
. . '
. . .
•·•te··
. . . . .

e-.~
. .
.·-~··

Friction Loss.for ,Viscous.-.L-iquids (Continued):

. (Based on Darcy's Formuhi) · .

_.e
Loss in Feet ol Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
1 o Inch (10.02" inside dia} Sch 40 New StE!el Pipe
.
Kinematic vtscostty-e-cerittstokes ..
Flow
I I I I l I I
us
.6 u 2.1 2~7
I 4.3 1.4 10.3 13. 1 1S.7 ' 20.6
tP·
C,
Bbl

-e
gal per Approx·SSU viscoSitY.
per hr (42
min gal)·.·· . 31.5 33 35 40 50 ' 60·· 70' 80 -. - .100

400 571 . 83 ;92 1.03 . 1.09 (19 1.35 1.46-

. ' 1 :55
. 1.63 1.75
. 1.60' '
500 714 '1.27 1.38 1.53 1.78 '2.00 2.16 2.30 2.40 2.59
600 857 1.78 1.91 "
2.14 '2;24 2.47 '2.77 2.98 3.15 '.3.31 '3.54
· 100 1000 .· ,. 2.39 2.55 2.84 2.97' 3.26· '3.62 3.93 '· 4.14 4.32. 4.67

••
800 1140 3.06 3.29 3:63 - .3:79 4.12 4.63 ' 4.99 _5.25 5.46 5.86 .I .... -.!
'

l
900 1285 '3.84 4.12 4.49 4:12 '5.09 5.72 6.1.4 6.46 · 6:14. 7.19
1000 1430 4.68 4.99 ,' , 5.42 · ~L70 6:13 6.90 - 7.36 7.83 0.10· 8.63
1100 . 1570 5.63 5.97 6.49 6.82 - 7~34 8.20 8.76 9.25 9.62 - 10.3
.1200 1715 6.61 7.05 7.63 l-:
7.85 8.65 9.58 10.3 10.8 11.3 11.9
1300 1855. 7.71 .· 8.18 .: 8.85 9.16 9.95 '11.0 .11.8 12.4 '
.13.0 .13.7

ft::
·c~
.: 10.6
''

1400 2000 8.88 · 9.42 10.2 11.4 ' '12.6 13.5. 14.2 ' 14.7 15.7
1500 2140 10. 1 10,8 11,7 >12~0 12.9 ' '' 14.3; 15.3 16.1 ', 16.6' .· 17.8 ! .
1600 2285 11.5 12.2 '13.2 .13.6 ,• 14~6 ·•. 16.0 .17.2 18.1 18.7 20.0
' .1800 2570 14.3 15.1 16.2 16.7 17.9 19:7 '• 20.9 ' 22.1 .. 22.9 24.3
.. •
2000' 2860 17.8 18.6 '19.8 20,6 ,• 21.8. .24.0' 25.s 27.0 28.0 29.5
' '

. fi
1.·
2200 3140 ,· 21.3 -: 22.2
"
23.7
"
24.6 ,
26.1 ,. 28:6' 30 .. 3 '32.1 ·. 31.e····.· 35.0
2400 3430' 25.2 26.3. . 28.0, 28.9 30.7 33.4 35.5 .·.· 37.3 38.9' 41.0
.2600 I• 3710 29.6 .: 30.6 - 32.5. 33.5 '35.6 38.7 , 41.0 42.9 44.8 •... · '47.3
2800 4000 34.1 35.3 '. 37.4 •,' 38.4 40.8 '. 44.5' -
47.1 ''
49.0 51.0. 54.1 .~;:;.
'·'
J;
. 1·'
3000 4285 39.1 '40.2· 42.7 43.5 46.6 50:7. 53.2 55;7 57.7' 61.3
' -
. ~ r .' .. ,,
so.a
'

3500 5000 52.5 54.4 57.4' 58.9 62.3 66.4 70.6 73~6 ' 76.2 i
4000 '5715
4500'. '6430
68.0
86.1 '
70.5
88.6 .:
73.9
.: 92.3
75.9
94.8
79.9
99.2
85.8 ·.
107
90.:!
112
94.2
117 ·.
97.1 ·.
120
102
127 ,. !;t;f· ··'.
106 '109 113 ,· 116 122 •, 130 142 146 153
~··r'· .,.··-·.·'_.·
5000 7145 -. 136
5500 7855 128 '131 136 ', r 139 -. 145 156 '169 ' ' 173 ~!;:
162 • 182 '
.• Friction
•• Friction Loss for Viscous Li uids (Continued)

••.•
(Based on Darcy•a·For ula)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 qoo Feet of Pipe
10 Inch (10.02" inside dia) Sch fO New Steel Pipe

••
\

Kinematic viscosit~-centistokes
Flow
I I I I I I I I I
••..
26.4 32.0 43.2 65.o 108.4 s2.3 216.5 325 435 650
US Bbl

•.
gal per Approx SSU ~cosity
·) per hr(42 ·1----.----.-----i----i----i--+---i~---i.-----.~---.----
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000
•• ..
.30 .
. 150 214 ;25 .40 .61 1.02 1.52 2..03 3.04 4.08 6;09

·'°
. ·:~, 200 286 .58 .54 .81 1.35 2.03 . 2.71 .f.06 S.43 8.12
429 1.15 2.03 6.09

•'.J· .
300 1.22 1.33 1.22 3.(U 4.06 8;15 72.2
• :•I. 400 571 1.83 1.98 2.17 1.62 2.71 4.08 5.41 8.12 10.9 16.2
500 714 2.75 2.91 3.18 3.60 .. 3.39 5.07 ' . tJ:77 .: .10.1 13.6. ·20,,3

.:.
600 857 .· 3.78 3.97 4.34 4.89 .f.06 8.0s .::··8;72 ;:.1.2.2· ·24.4
700 1000 4.94 5.19 5.66 . 6.37 4.74 · 1.10 : .9.47 '•14;2 28.4
• 1
• )
800 1140 6.21 6.55 7.10 7.97 9.31 .8.12 ,f.;::10.8 ';76.2.: 32:5
900 1285 7.66 8.04 8.71 9.76 11.4 9.13 '-::12.2· ·18.3 36;5
1000 1430 9.21 9.61. 10.5 11.7 13.6 :20.3.

··.·~.
'10.1 ''.13~5 40.8
j 1100 1570 10.9 11.4 : 12.3 13.8 16.0 . 18.0 '14.9. .:,22.3. 29~9.
•··\\ 1200 . 1715 12.6 13.4 . 14.4 16.0 18.6··. 21.0 .·-UJ.2 24.:.t'• . 32:6
·+f.6
48.7
1300 1855 14.5 15.4 16.4 18.4 21.2 24.0 ·11.8 . 26:4·· '35;3 52.8
;··~ 1400. 2000 16.6 17.5 18.7 20.9 24.1 ~7.2 .18.9 . 28.4 38.0 56.8
:··1 1500 2140 18.7 . 19.6. 21.2 . 23.6 27.2 30.6
I
33.3 .30.4 ~;8 . 60.9.
• ·q 30.4 . . 37.2
. 1600
- )1 1800
2285
2570
21.0
26.0
21.9
27.3
23.7
29.2
26.3
32.2 37.1
34.1
'4.1.7 45.5
32.4
38.5"
"3.5
48.9.'
tU.9.
:13:1
•.-.I
•
2000 . 2860 31.3 32.7 35.0 38.6 44.4 .49.8 54.4 . . 40..6,, 54..:i: . 81.'2
•• 2200 3140. 37.0 38.6 41.3 . 45.8 52.3 58.8 64.0 ,• 71.9 59.8 89.3
•
.JI 2400. 3430 43 .. 1 45.1 48.3 53.4 60.9 \ 74.2 83.8 65;2 97.4.
I' 168.3
!
2600 3710 49.8 52.1 55.4 51;4 70.0· 178.3 . 85.0 96.2 .10;1 105
2800 4000 56.8 59.2 63.5 70.1 79.7 i88.9 96.1 109 .16.1 114
3000 4285 64.3 66.8 71.8 78.8 .: 89.8 !99.8 . 108 122 133 122
3500 5000 84.9 88.3 . 94.4 103 117. 1tl1 142 159 180 142
4000' 5715 1Q8 112 119 131 149 1s5 178 199 217 162
 . . . .

I~
'

l~gersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

· Friction Loss for Vis~ous.Liquids.(O~ntinued)-·

· . · · · .' · (Based on Darcy's Formula) . .. . .'
Loss in Feet of Liquid .per 1000 Feetof Pipe
·. 12 Inch (11.938" inside dla) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
..
Kinematicvtscosity=-centistokes.
Flow

us Bbl
0.6
I 1.13
I 2.1
I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4
I 10.3
I 13.l ·· 1 15.7
I 20.6
gal per Approx·SSU viscosity
per hr (42 I

min · gai) 31.5 33 35 .'. 40. 50 60 70 . 80 .·• 100 ..

300 429 .21 .24 .27 .28· . :31 ;36 .38 .41 .43 .47
:

:
. 400. 571 .36 .40 .45 .47 .51 .59 .64 .67 .70 ;77 .:
500 .··. 714 .54 .60 ..
.67 .70 ... · .75 : :8(' .95 .99 L03 ·1.12
... 600 857 .76 ...83 .93 ., .98 1.04 1.19 l.30 1.39 . 1.41 1.53
.. · L37· 1.70 .
700. . 1000 .98 .
1.11 1.23 .1.29 l.56 . 1.82 .. 1.84 ·•. 2.00
:·
800 .1140 1.26 1.42 1.57 . 1.64 ' 1.74 1.98. : 2.15 2.30 2.36.·. 2.51
900 1285 . 1.57 1.76 1.94 1.96. : 2.15 2.44. 2~65 2.82 2~94· 3.08
1000 1430 . ·· 1.92 2.07 2.36 2.38 2.61 2.94 3.19 3.40 3.57. .3.70··· .
1200 1715 . 2.73 2.91 3.18 3.32 3.62. ..• ·, 4.07 4.41 ..'4.68 . 4.91 5.08
1400 . 2000 3.67 3.90 4.24 4.41 4.80 5.37 ·. ·5,79 6.14 6.43 6.65
I·.· ..
:
1600 ., 2285 .4.75 5.02 5.43 5.64. 6 .. 12 6.83 7.35 7.78 8.14 .· 8.51
.1800 2570 5.96 .. 6.29 6.77 ·.· 7.02 7.59 8.44 .:.. 9.07 9.59 .·.·10.0 .. : ,_10.6
2000 2860 . 7.32 7.69 8.25 ', 8.54 9.21 : 10.2 ·-11.0 11.6 '12.1. 12.9 -.
2500 3570 .· 1.1.3 ·. 11.8 12.6 13.0 13.9 .. ..... ·15.3·. 16.4 • 17.3 · 18.0 .·· 19.2
3000 4285 16.1 16.8 17.. 7 18.3 .· 19.5 21:4 . 22.8 23.9
1

-, 24.9 . 2g.5
·•·
·.
3500 5000 21.8 I• 22.6 23.8. 24.4 .··26.0 28.3 30.1 31.6 32.9 34.9 ··'
4000 5715 28.3 . .·. 29;2 30.7 31.5 33,3·· . ·36.2 38.4 40.3 '. 41,8 44.3 ·.
..
4500 6430 35.7 36.8 38.5· ·.· 39.4. .. 41.6 . 45.0 .47.7 49.9 51.7 54:8·.
5000 7145 . _44.0 . 45.2 47.1. 48.2 50.7 . 54.7 .57.8 60A ·.62.6 ... 66.2
5500·. 7855 53.1 54.4 56.6. 57.8 · 60.T .: 65.3 68.9· . 71.9 74.4 .: 78.7 .:.·
. . · .
6000 8570 63.0 64.5. 66.9 -, 68:3 ~- 71 .6 76.8 80.9 84.3 92.l · .. ·
6500 9280 1·
73.8 75.4 78.1 79.6 83.3 89.2·· I 93,8 . 97.7 ,g~.2 . 1106 ·.
7000 10000 85.4 87.2 90.1 91.8 95.9- .. 102 108 112 116 122
7500 10700 97.9 99.8 103 105 109 .. 117 122 127 131 ., 138 ..
8000 11400 . 111 113 . 117 119 124 . 132 138 ·.
.)••
.') -~
·Friction Loss for Viscous Liduids (Continueq)
Friction

•.) · (Based on Darcj's For~ula)

· Loss in Feet o·f Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe ·
· · ·

••• 12 Inch (11.938" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

•··•.- .~
Kinematic viscosit) -centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4
I 32.0
I 43.2'
I 65.0
I 108.4 1 ~62.3 I 216.s I 325 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSU t.tiscosity

~ per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

E
100 143 .08 . 10 .13 .20 .34 .51 ·;68 1.00 . 1.35 2.00
200 286 .16 .19 .27 .40 .67 1.00 1;37 2.05 2.74 4.01
300 429 .49 .53 .41 .62 1.01 1.51 2.00 3.08 4.11 6.16
400 571 .81 .86 .94 .82 1.34 2.02 2.68 -3.98 5.46 8.21
500 714 1.22 1.25 . 1.37 1.02 1.71 2.50 3.~7 5:01 ·e.84 10.3
600 857 . 1.66 1.71 1.87 2.12 1.97 3.02 4.05 6.03 7.99 .12.3
700 1000 2.15 2.30 2.43 2.75 .2.37 . 3.66 . 4.fi .7.05 9.36 ''l3.9
800 1140 2.70 2.88 3.05 3.45 aea 4.04 5;36 ·8.09 . 10.7 '15~9
900 1285 3.31 3.52 3.74 4.21 4.93 4.44 6;05 9;30 :12.1 18.0
1000 1430 3.97 4.22 4.48. 5.04 5.89 . 5.13 6.84.' 10.0 13.5 . 20.0
..
1200 1715 5.43 5.77 6.33·. 6.88 8.01 .. 5.91 7~89 ::t2.1 . 16.2 . '24,;1
1400 2000 7.10 7.53 . 8.24 8.96 10.4 11.8 9~47 '14.6 18.9 '28.2
1600 2285 8.96 9.48 10.4 11.3 . 13.1 14.8 10.s 16.2 . 21;7 -. 32.4.
1800 2570 11.0 11.6 12.7 13.B . 16.0 18.0 19.7 17.7. 24.2 36.5
2000 2860 ·13.2 14.0 15.2 i6.6 -. . 19.1 . 21.5 23.6 20.5 27.4 .40,1

2500 3570 19.6 20.6 22.4 25.3 28.0 31.5 34.3 25.7 34.2 51.3
3000 4285 27.2 28.4 30.8 . 34.6 38.4 43.0 46.8 53.1 41.1 61.6
3500. 5000 36.2 37.3 40.3 45.2. . 50.2 56.0 . 60.9 68.8 47.9 71.9
4000 5715 '43.4 47.3 51.0 57.0 63.2. 70.5 76.5 86.3 94.5 82.1
4500 . 6430 57.6 50:3 62.8 69.9 77.6 86.4 93.6 105 115 92.4

5000 7145 69.8 70.3 75.6 84.1 . 93.3 04 112 126 . 138 103
5500 7855 82.8 83.6 89,5 99.4 110 • 22 132 148 162 183
6000 8570 96.8 98.2 104 116 128 42 154 172 188 . 212
6500 . 9280 112 114 . 120 133 148 64 176 197 215 243.
'152
·'
7000 10000 128 131 137 174 86 201 224 244 275
. . . · Il 1ngersoll Dresser Punips . Cameron Hydraulic Data
0

·-..··
• • ••

Friction-Loss for .Viscous.-Liquids-(ContilluedJ •.

• •• •
.·e•
(Based on Darcy's Formula) · •

Loss in Feet ot Liquid per 1000 feet of Pipe

!
·e..:
14 Inch (13.124" inside dia)-Sch40.New SteelPipe
.
Kinematic viscosity-e-centistokes
Flow
I I 1 I ·· 10.3 I
.<--
us
.·
Bbl
0.6 1.13 .
I 2.1 2.1 I 4.3 7.4 13. i
I 15.7
I 20.6

gal per · Approj SSU viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 31.5 33 35 40 . 50 60 70 80 ioo
. 400· 571 .22 ;25 .28 .30 .32 .37 . .41' .43 AS .49
500 714 .34 .38 .42 .45 .48 .55 · .. 61· .62' .66 .72

.,
·· .
600 857 .48 .52 .59 .62 . 66 .-76 .. 83 . . 87 .. 90 .98
700 1000 .63 .70 .. 78 .81 . 87. .99 . 1.09 .·. 1.16 1.18 1.28
BOO , 140 .81 .89 .99 1.04-- 1.10· 1.26 1~37 1.47 1.49 1.61 ~;
900 1285 .98 1.11 1;23' 1.28 ..
; 1.36 · ·-1.55. 1.69 1.80 . 1.85 1.97
.'
1000 1430 1.20 1.34 1.49 1.55. .· .1.65 1.87. 2.03'· 2.16 2.25 2.36.
1.200 1715 1.69 . 1.82 . 2.07 2.09 2.29 2.58 2.80 2.98 3.13 3.24
1400 2000 2.27 2.43 2.66 2.77. 3.03 3.40 3.68. .3.91 ·.4.09 4.23
-".-C'
·~·:;
:
· 1600 2285 2.94 3:13 . ·. 3.40 3~55. 3.86 4.32 . 4.66 . 4.94 5,18. 5.37 .:

rsoo · .2570 3.69 . 3.91 : 4.24 4.41 - 4.78 5.34 . 5.75

-.
6.09 6.37 ·. 6.67.
._,, .' ... ,_.'·'.
__
'4.52 4.78 ·. 5.16 5.36 . 5.80 6.46 . .·s.94 7.35 .7.68 .. s.rr
;
2000 2860 •,&<

.2500
'3000
3500
' 3570 ·''
4285
.5000
6.97.
9.94
13.4 '
7.32
. 10.4·
14.0
.: 7.84
•. 11.1 .,
1,4.8
8;11
11.4 '
15.3~
I· . 8.73
• 12.2_.· -.
'16.3
9.67

17.8
10.4.
13.5 ' -. 14.4
19.0
10.9
15.2
20.0 .
-,
11 .4,
15~8
· 20.8··
~~I
:·22.2 . ·. . ~.~~.~
·-c.. ·, :
'
. ...
..

4000 5715 17.5 18.1 19.1 19~6 '20.9 '22.8 24.2 25.5 " 26.5 28.1 .'
4500 6430 22.0 .22.7 . 23.9' 24.5 26.0 28.3 30.0· 31.5' .. 32.7 •,·
34.7
,t
: it!!
-.:
5000 7145 27.0 ·. 27.9 29.2 "
30.0 31.7. 34.4 ~6.4 38.1·· 39.6-· ', 41.9. -'~· ~- .
5500 .7855 32.6 33.6 35.1 ·'35.9 '37.9 41.0 43.4' 45.4 47.0 : 49.8 . }~ '
6000 8570 38.7 40.0. 41.5 42.4 ,44.6 48.2:: 50.9 53.2 55.0 '58.2 . -.
. ~- ·._. __·.... _, _·_._,.·1.

"
',
Y?
... ·•.'
-
.,
. ',..::.
6500 9280 '45.3 46.5 48.4 ' .49A 51.9 55.9 '58.9 61.5 . 63.7 67.3
7000 10000 52.5 53.7 55.8 •. · 57.0 '59.7' '64.1 _67.6 . ' .· 70.5 72.~ 76.9 .;·¥;z --
.
7500 10700 60.1 61.5' ' 63.7 65.0 .·.. 68;1 '72.9 76.8 . 80.0 82.7 87.1 ;~ · ... ·_ .. .: .
-ii!··
[
. 72.2 . 73.6 76.9 ', 82.3
__ _

8000 11400 ·-. 68.3 69.8 . 86.5. . 90.0 93,0 98.0

9000 12850 . 86.2·· . , 87.9 . . 90.7 .·, 92.4 .• . :96.3 103 ', 108 • 112 115 121 . l
..•·.· Friction
•.) F"rlctlon Loss for v·ISCOUS L"I( I 1u1."d s . (C on fmue d)

•• (Based on Darcy's For1 nula)

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 11 00 Feet of Pipe
·

•• · 14 lnch (13.124" inside dia) Sch 40 New· Steel Pipe

•
•.l
Kinematic viscosit ~-centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I !13.2 65.0 I 100.4 I 162.3 I 216.5 I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSU' viscosity

per hr (42

•·•·-'>.\
:.•
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

•.•·>
·.ee

I
200 286 .11 .14 .19 .28 .47 .93 1.36 1.86 2.77
300 429 .32 .. 34 .27 .42 .69 1.02 1AO· . 2.09 2.71 4.19
2.73
•·OJ
400 571 .52 .55 .60 .55 .92 1.39 1.82 3.72 5.46
500 714 .78 .80 ,88 .67 '1.16 1.73. 2.28 3.46 4.57 6.73

•.."
:
600 857 1.06 1.09 1.20 1.36 1.42 2.07 2.75 4.19 5.58 8.37

700 1000 1.38 1.47 1.56 1.76 . 1.57 2.51 3;21 4.82 6.43 9.84
800 1140 1.73 1.85 1.95 2.21 • 1.82 2.73 3.68 5.55 7.44 10.9
•·)· 900 1285 2.12 2.26 2.39 2.70 2.07 '3.19 4.14 . 8.18 8.29 12.8
1000 1430 2.54 2.70 . 2.86 3.22 3.78 3.41 4.65 6.91 9.30 '. 13.8

·'.~
) 1200 1715 3.47 3,69 3.92 4.40· 5,14. 4.09 S,67 8.28· 11.2 16.7
1400 2000 4.53 ·.· 4.81 5.27· 5.73 6.67 ·7,57 . 6.21· 10.0 . 12.9 19.3
? ·1.21.
1600 2285 5.71 6.05 6.63 8.36 9.48 7.28 10.9. 14.7 22.2

•·.\~
., · 1soo 2570 7.01 ·7.42 . 8.11 8.83 10.2 11.6. 8.29 12.7 16.8 24.7.
2000 2860 8.43 . 8.91 9.72 10.6 12.2 13.8 15.1 13.6 18.6 27.7
·:·}· 2500 .3570 12:5 13.2 14.3. 15.6 17.9 20.2 22.0. 16.8 . 22.8 34.4

3000 4285 17.2 18.1 19:5 22.1 . 24.5 27.5 . 30.0 34.1 27.1 41.9

.i••• .i
;!
3500 5000 22.8 23.7. 25.7 28.8 32.0. ·35.8 39.0. 44.1 . 33.0 48.2
·' 4000 5715 29.2" 30.0 32.5 36.3 40.4 45.1 . 48.9 55.3 60.6 54.8
4500 6430 36.4 31.0· 39.9 44.6. 49.5 . 55.2 59.9 67.5 73.9 60.9
5000 7145 44.2 44.6 48.1 53.6 59.5. 66.2 . 71.7 80.7 . 88.3 . 67.3
;'. 5500 7855 52.5 52.8 56.9 63.3 70.2 78.1 84.5 95.0 104 77.4
6000 8570 61.3 61.9 66.3 73.3 81.8 90.8 98.1 110 120 136
}
6500 9280 70.8 71.8 . 76.4 84.8 94.1 104 113 126 138 . 156
7000 10000 80.9. 02.3 87.2 . 96.6 107. 119 128 143. 156 177
8000 11400 103 105 111 122 140 150 161 180 196 221
 . .. .. . .

I·~ lngersoll·Dresser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data ' • a ' • '

-· --·Friction Loss forViscousLiqui(ls(Continued)·

· · · (Based on Darcy's Formula) · ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 ooo Feetof Pipe . . .

16 Inch (15.000" inside dla) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe · ·
•:
Kinematic viscosrty-e-centtstokes.:
Flow

us .Bbl
0.6
'
I 1.13 I 2.1 I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4
I 10.3
I 13.1 ·,
I 15.7'
I 20.6

gal "
per. · ·Approx·SSU viscosity
.
per hr (42 · ...
min gal) 31.5 33 .;35: . : ·40 50 60 70 80 100 · .

600. 857 . 25 .. 27' .31 .32 . "

. 35 .40 . .44 .46' ' .48 . . 52
700 1000 .33 .36· ' .41 .43 .46 .53 .58 .61 .63 ' •.. 68 .
800 1140 .42 .46 .52 .54 ':.58 .66 .73 .78' . 79 ,' .86
. 900 1285 .52 .SB .64 .67' .72 .. 82• .89 .. .95 .. 97 .. .. 1.05
1000 1430 .64 .70 ]8 .. 81 .87 . · .99 1.07 . 1.15 1.17 1.25
..
. .
1200 1715 .87 .98 1.08 .. 1.13 1.20 · . 1.36 .. . 1.48 1.58 '1.65 1.72
1400. 2000 1.16 1.30 . (43. 1.so·· ·. 1.59 . . 1.79 ... 1.94 2.06 2.17. 2.25
1600 2285 1.50 1.61 . 1.79 1.84 . ;, 2.02· 2.27· -. 2.46. ·, . 2.61 2.74· 2_53•·
1800 2570 • 1.88 2.01 .: 2:20 2.29. • 2;$0· .: 2.80 3.03 .3.21 .3:3Z 3.48
2000. 2860 2.30. 2.45 .·. 2.67 2:78 . 3.03 3.39 . ·3.65 ..•. 3:87. 4.05 4:23
.. .:
2200 3140 2.77 2.94 3.1.9 3.32 -. 3.60 4.02. ., 4.33. . . 4.59' - .· 4:80. ·. 5.05 .'
2400' '3430 3.27. ·.3.46 3.75 3.89 4.22 .4.70 5.06 5.35 5.59' '. 5.93
2600 . 3710 ·, ·. 3.82 4.03 4.35 4:52 4.89 5.43 ·5.84 6.17 ·· · s.4s. .:'. 6.88
2800 4000 4.41 4.65 '5.00 5.18 5.60 . 6,21 6.67 .. 7.04·· . · 7.35 7.87
3000. 4285' 5.04 5.30 ·. 5.69 5.90 6.35. 7.04 7.55 7.97 .• 8.31 8.88.

3500 .5000 . 6.80 ' . 7.12 . 7:61 '7.86 ' 8.44 ' 9.31 9.96 10.5 ' 10:9: ' 11.7
4000 5715 .· 8.82 .9.20 9.79 10.1 10.8 11.9 12.7 .13.3 13.9 14.8
4500 6430 11.1 11.5 . 12.2 · ... 12.6. ·.· . 13.5 14.7 .· 15.7 16.5 17.2 ' · '. 18.3 · . .
5000 7145 '13.6 14.2 14.9 15.4 16.4 ' '17.9 19.o.' 20:0. 20.7 .22.0
6000 ·8570 '19.5 20.1 21.?' 21.7•
·'•
23.0 .· 25,0 26.5 27.8 2~.8> 30.5
'·.
'' '.

7000 HiOOO '· . 26.4 . ·27.2 28.4 29.1 '.· 30.7 . 33.2 35.2 ,· 36.8' 38.1 . '40.3.·
8000 . 11400 34.4 '35.3 36.7' 37.6' . 39.5 42.6' 44.9 46.9 48.5' .. 51.3
9000' 12850 43.3 44.4 46:1 47.1, · .·. 49.4 . . 53.0 55.8 58.2 60:2' ,63 -. 5
10000 14300 53.4 54.5 s6.5 57.6' 60.3 '64.5 •' 67.8 . 70.6' '72.9 ., 76.8.'·
12000 17150 76.5 78.0 so.s 81.9
·'
85.3 90.8 '95.1 98J3 'l. · 102. ·.· .107
•• Friction
•
•• Friction Loss for Viscous Li uids (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Formula)

•• Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 t •00 Feet of Pipe

16 Inch (15.000" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

•• Flow
26.4
I 32.0
I 43.2
I
Kinematic viscosit v-centistokes

65.0
I 108.4 I 162.3 1 216.5 I 325
I 435
I 650

•·/,.,,'~
•• us Bbl
gal per Approx SSU viscosity
per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000
• .. .v·
.. 54 .81 1.61 . . 3.23

•··,
400 571 .28 .29 •21 .32 1.08 2.21
500 714 .40 .43 .47 .41 .68 1.01 1.34 2.05 2.73 4.10

••
600 857 .57 .SB .64 .50 .79 1.21 1.63 2.42 3.26 4.97
700 1000 . 74 .76 .83 .94 ' .92 1.41 1.89 2.86 3.78 5.59 .

... ·
800

900
1140

1285
.92

1.13
.99

1.20
1.04

1.27
1.18

1.44
1.05

1.18
1.68

·1.n
2.15

2.41
3.23

. 3.66
4.30
4.83
6.46

7.33

•i
1000 1430 1.35 1.44. .· 1.52 1.72 1.38 . 2.02 2.70 4.04 5..46 8.20
1200 1715 1.85 1.96 2.08 2.35 2.75 2.36 3.15 4.84 8.51 9.68
1400 2000 2.41 2.56 2.81 3.05 3.56 2.86 3.67 5~65. 7.56 11.4
1600 2285 3.03 . 3.22 3.53 3.84. 4.46 5.07 4.20. .. 6.71 8.61 12.9 .

• ...r , :I 1800 2570 3.72 3.94 4.32 4.70 5.45 6.18 4.72 . 7.08 9.77 14.7
2000 2860 4.47 4.73 5.17 5.63 6.52 7.38 S.52 8.07 10;ll 16.1
2200 3140 5.27 5.58 ·. 6.09 6.63 7.67 8.67 9.50 9.06 . 11.5 17.9
2400 3430 6.14 6.49 7.08 7.71 '8.90 10.0 11.0 9.44 12.6 19k'
2600 3710 7.06 . 7.46. 8.13 8.86 1.0.2 11.5 12.6 . 10.4. 13.6 : 21.1
2800 4000 8.04 ~.49 9.24 . 10.1 11.6 13.0 14.3 ,11.4 14.7 . 22.6
3000 4285 9.08 9.58 10.4 11.4 13.1 14.7 16.0 12.4 15.7 24.3
3500 5000 11.9 12.6 13.6 15.3 17.0 19.1 20.8 23.6 18.9 29.2
4000 5715 15.3 15.9 17.2 19.3. 21.4 24.0. 26.1 29.5 22.1. 32.2
4500 6430 19.0 · 19.5 21.1 23.7 26.3 29.4 31.9 36.0 39.5 35.4

5000 7145 23.1 23.5 25.4. 28.4 31.6 35.2 38.2 43.1 47.2 41.0
6000 8570 32.2 32.5 35.0 39.0 43.3 48.2 52.2 58.7 64.2 49.7
7000 10000 42.5 .· 43.0 46.0 51.1 56.7 63.0 68.1 76.4 83.3 94.5
8000 11400 54.0 .55.0 58.3 64.6 71.7 79.4 85.7 . 96,0 105 118
9000 12850 66.7 68.4 71.8 . 79.5 91.2 97.5 105 118 128 144
I~ Ingersoll-Dresser
: . .. . .· • ... ·.
Pumps . . .
Cameron Hydraulic Data
Frlction Loss for Viscous . Liquids (Continued)
· · (Based on Darcy's Formula) ·

· Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe ·.

18 Inch (16.876"
·: .
inside
.
dia)
.
Sch 40 New
-.
...
Steel Pipe . ... : ...

·. Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
Flow

us Bbl
0.6
I 1.13
I 2.1
I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4
I 10.3
I . 13.1
1 15.7
I 20.6
gal per AP-Prox ·SSU visco$ity .
per hr(42
min . ·.gal) 31.5 33 35 .. 40 . . so . .. 60
. 10. .. 80 ..
100
..
·
800 1140 .24 .. 26.·
.

.29 . .31 .33 ·.·;38 .42 ., .44

1000 1430 .. 39: .45 .49
.36 .44 .46 .49 .56 .61
.. 55 .65 .66 ~12
1200 17.15 . .50 ~61 .64 .68 ·.77 .84 .90 .93 .98.
1400 2000 .64 · .. 73 .81 .. 85 .90 1.02
,. . . l.11 1.18 1.23 . 1.28
1600 2285 ·. .83 . 93 1.03 1.08 1. 14 1,29 1.40 1.49 1.56 .. 1.62
1800. .2570. . 1.04 1.16 1.28 1.34 1.41 1;59 ... . 1.72 1.83 1.92 1.99
2000 .I 2860. 1.27 1.37 1.55 1:55 L71 .1.92. 2.08 2.20 2.31 2.39
2200 3140 1.53 1.63. . · 1.79. 1.86 .. 2.03 2.28 2.46 2.61. 2.73 2.85
2400 3430 1.80 . ~l.93 2.JO 2,19 2.38 ·2.66 ·.
2.87 3.04 . 3.18 ·. 3.34
2600 . 3710 2.10 2.24. 2.43 2.53
. 2.75 3.08 .. ·.3.31 · . . 3.51 '· 3 -. 67 3.88
2800 4000 2.43 2.58 :' 2.79 isl .. 3.15. 3.51 . , .... 3.78 .. 4.00 4.1.8 4.45
3000 .. 4285 2.77 2,94 3~ 18 3.30 3.58 3.98 4.28. · ", 4.52 4.73 5.05·
3500 5000 3.74 3.94 4.24 .
:
. 4'.39 4.74 5.26
..
5.64 5.96 . 6.21 6.64
4000· 5715 4.84 . 5.08 -5.45. · 5.64 ·.6.06 6.70. 7.17 . 7.56 ·7.88 8.41
4500 6430' 6.09 6.37. 6.80 7.03 7.54 -8.30 . 9.34 . · ·. 9.73
. 8.87
.. 10.4
5000 . . 7145 . 7.48 7.80 8.30 8.56 9.16 .. 10.1 · 10.7 :
11 ;3· .• 11.8 12.5' .
. 5500 ·7955 9.01 9.37 9.94 .·. 10.2 10.9. i2.0· . 12.8. 13.4. 13.9 14.8
6000 8570 10.7 1.1.1 11.7 12.1 12.9 14.1 '•
1 ..5.0 15.7 16.3 . 17.3'
6500 . 9280 12.5 12.9 13.7 14.0 14.9 16.3 17.3 18.1 18.8 .·
7000 10000 14.4. 14.9 . 15..7 16.2 17.1 18.7
"
-19.8 '20.7 .. 20.0 ..
21.5 22.8
. .
. 8000 .1J400· 18.8 19.4 20.3 ·.20.8 . 22.0 . · 25.3
23.9· .26.4 . 27.4. 29.0
9000 12850 23.7 . . 24.3 25.4 26.0 27.5 29.7 31.4 32.8 33.9.
:
35.9
10000 14300 29.1 . 29.9 3.1.2 31.9 33.5 36.1. . 38.1
12000 17150. .41.7 42.7
39.7 ·. 41 .. 1. . -43.4
.44.3 .45.2 47.3 . 50.7 · 53:3 55.5
14000 57.3. .60.4.
20000 .56.6 57.7 · ·,59.7 -60.8 63.3
: 67.6 70.9 ·.·73.7. 76.1 . 80.0 ,.
••.,
..
.
Friction

••.•
.

Friction. Loss for Viscous Liquids (Continued)

•.•
· ·. · ' (Based on Darcy's Fo~mula) .

'; Loss In Feet of Liquid per ~000 Feet of Pipe .

·~ 18 Inch (16.876" inside dia) Sc. 40 New Steel Pipe ·

•••.
1.

Kinematic viscosi~-centistokes
Flow
•
··.,.
,1 us Bbl
26.4
I 32.0
I 43.2
I 65.0 108.4
l 162.3 I 216.5 I 325
I 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSI J viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

I
800 1140. .53 .55 .60 .68 .67 • 1.01 · 1.35 . 2.02 2.74 4.05
1000 1430 .78 .83 .87 .99 • . .86 1;21 1.67 '. ,.·2.51 3.38 5.02
1200 .1715 1.06 1.13 1.20 1.35 1.58 ·1.50". 2;09 ·.·;3,04 4.03 5.99
1400 2000 1.38 1.47 1.56 1.75 2.05 1.78 2.38 i."' 3.52 -4.75 7.13
1600 2285 . 1.74 1.84 2.03 2.20 2.57 :2.01. 2.66·. . :i~\'4:05.... 5.40 8.10
'2.95'. ~-~q'.i'11

l;~:~i!
1800 2570 2.13 2.26 2.48 2.69 3.13. 3.56 .•.t'4.i;. ·~ :. 8.04 9.07
. 2000 2860 2.55 2.71 . 2.97 3.23 ··3_75 4.25 3.42·: err 10.0
2200 3140 3.01 3.19 3.49 3.80 4.40 4.99 ,. . an . 7i41 . 1't2
, '12.1
2400 3430 3.51 3.71 4.06 4.42 5.11 5.77 6.33 8.38
2600 3710 4.03 4.26 4.65 5.07 5.86 6.61 7.24 .......;,;:;.~: ...•'.6:56
:·.:a..~ ...
8.94 '13.1
r-

2800
3000
3500
4000
4285
·sooo
4~59
5.18
6.79
.. 4.85
5.47
7.16
5.29.
5.96
7.78
5.76
6.49
·8.49
.6.65
7.48
9.75
i.50
. 8.43
11.0 .
8.20
9.21
12.0
~-r~:rtr.~
J 8.91
9.51
.1·~1
11:~·
'>··1~'.1
· :·1s.2
17.8
4000 5715 8.60 9.05 9.82 , 1.1 . 12.3 13.8 • 15.0 17.0 13.7 . 19.4.
4500 6430 10.7 , 1.1 . 12.1 .. 13.5 15.0 16.8 18.3 20.7 .1s.s .-22.7

5000 7145 13.0 13.4 .· 14.5 . 16.3 18.1 20.2 21.9 24.8 . 27.2 26.0
5500 7855 15.5 15.9 17.1 19.2 21.3 23.8 25.8 29.1 31.9 27;5
6000 8570 18.2 18.5 ·20.0 22.3. 24.8 . 27.6 . 29.9 33.7 36.9 . 30."8
6500 9280 21.1 · 21.3 23.0 25.6 28.5 31.7 34.9 38.7 42.3 32;4
7000 10000 24.1 24.3 26.2 . · 29.2 32.4 36.0 . 39.0 43.9 . 47.9. 35.6

8000 11400 30.6 31.0 . 33.1 36.9 40.9 45.4 . 49.1 55.1 . 60.1 68.1
9000 12850 37.8 38.6 40.8 45.3 50.3 55) 60.2 67.4 73.4 83.0
10000 14300 45.7 46.9 49.2 .54.5 60.5 66.9 . 72.2 80.7 87.8 99.2
12000 17150 63.4 ·. 65.7 66.1 . 75.2 86.0 92.0 99.1 110 120 135
14000 20000 83.6 87.3 89.7 96.8 113 121 130 144 156 176
 I~ .- lngersoH·Dresser Pumps. ·. · Cameron llydraulic Data .:

-·---· - :--~--:---Friction-Loss for Viscous.LiquidsJContinued)-.·.·

· · · . . · · · ". · .· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · · . · ·•·
Loss in Feet 61 Liquid. per 1000 Feet of Pipe
. 20 Inch (18.812'' inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel F>ipe ·
Kinematic viscosity-c-centistokes ; .

us
·Flow

Bbl
0.6 I 1.13
1 2.1 I 2.7 ••· 1 .: _4.3. I 7.4
I . 10.3
I 13.1 ·1 '15.7. J 20.6

gal.• per A;)prox·SSU. viscosity

per hr(42 ..
min· gal) 31.5 33 35 40 50.. 60 70 80 100
. ;

2000 2860 .7.4 .83 .91 .96 1.01 1 .14 1.24 1.31 .L38 1.43
. 3000. 4285 1.60 .· 1.71 1.86. .. 1..94 2.11 2.36 2.54 .2.69 2.81 .2.98
4000 5715. 2.7.9 2.95 ; 3.18. 3.30 3.57 .: 3.96 4.25 4.49. . . 4.68. 5.00 ·.
5000 7145 4.30 4.52. 4.84. 5.00 5.38 5.94 6.35 6.69 . 6.97. .
7.43
6000 8670 6.14 6.41 6.82 .. · 7~04 7.53 8.28. 8,83 . 9.28 . 9.66 10.3
. 9.13 9.41. 10.0 11.0 ... 11.7
..
.12.3 ·, 12.7 13.5
7000 .. 10000 8.29 . 8.62
8000 1HOO 10.0.· .: 11.2 • 1 i.8 .. 12.1 12.9. 14.0 ., .14.9' 15.6 16.2 17.2
9000 12850 13;6. . 14.0. .14.7 15.1 . 16.0 17.4. 18.5 .19:3 ·. . 20.0 . .: 21.2'
10000 1430d 16.7 ·.· 17.2 .. .· 10.0 18.5 19.5 21.2 22.4. 23.4 24.:f 25.7.
.11000 15700. · .. · 20.1 2_Q.7 .• 21.7 22;2 23.4 . 25.3 26.7 27.9 . . . 20:9 30~5

12000 17150 23.9 24.5 . 25.6 26.2, . · ·. 27.5 29.7 31.3 . . 32.7 33.8 35:7.•·
13000 . 18600 28.0 28.7 -. . 29.9 30.5 32.0 34.4 . 36.3 37:8 .. 39.1 '41.3
14000 20000 32.4 •. 33.2 ·_,34.4: 35:2 36.9. . 39.5 41.6 .· 43.4 44.8' .: 47.2 '.
15000 21400 37.l 37.9. 39.3 . 40.1 ;42.0• 4S.O ·. '47.3. 49.2 . :.. 50.8 53.5 . .
16000 22e50 42.1 43.1 44.6 · . 45.4 47.5. . S0.7 53.3 . SSA 57.2 ; 60.2
·• .
18000 25700 53.2 54.2 .··. S6.d . · !:)7.0 ·s9.'4'._· 63;3 66.3 .. 68.9 71.0 74.6
20000 28600 65.5 66.7 -55_7 69.9 .. 72.6.· 77.2 . 80:7 83.7 86.2 . 90.4
·22000 31400 79.1 . 80.5 82.7 · 84.0 ; 87.2 92.3 96.4 ' 99.9 103 108
24000' 34300 94.0 .9S.S 98.0 99.5 103 109 113 117 121' •. 126
26000 37100 110 112 115 116 ·120 127 132 136. .· ·140 146
. .
28000 40000 128 129 132 134. 1'39 .146 152 . 157. 'J 61 ·. ·..168
30000 42850 146 148 .·.· 152 154 1S8 · 166 . 173· 178 . 183 191
32000 45700 ,166. 169' 172 174. 179 188 195 201- .. 206 215 .·
34000 48600 100··· .190 f94 '. 196 •. ·202 211 219 . 225 ·231 240 ...
. . 219•
. :_225 ... 23S 244 .· ; 251 257
36000 51400 21() 213 211 267
 Friction

Frlqtion Loss for Viscous Liq1 ids (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 10110· Feet of Plpe
20 Inch (18.812" inside dia) Sch ~~o New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-l-centlsto kes

US
Flow

Bbl
26.4 1 32.0 l 43.2 1 ss.o 1 108.4 I 11i2.3 1 216.5 1 325 1 435 I 650
.gal per Approx SSU viscosity
per hr (42 1---------.,.-----.-----.-----.-+-----.,.-----.---.----.----
min gal) 125 150 200 300 . 500 '50 1000 1500 2000 3000

1000 1430 .47 .48 .52 .59 .53 .85 1.08 1.62 2.16 3.25
2000 2860 1.53 . 1.62 1.78 1.93 2.25 !2.56 2.11 3.38 4.39 6.50
3000 4285 3.09 3.27 3.57 3.88 4.48 15.06 5.54 4.76 6.34 9.75
4000 5715 5.11 5.40 5.86 6.39 7.34 l~.25 9.00 10.2 9.02 13.5

.
5000 7145 7:66 7.98 . 8.65 9.72 10.8 11'.1 13.1 14.9 11.1. 16.3.

6000. 8670 10.7 11.0 11.9 13.3 . 14.8 116.5 17.9 20.3 22.2 19.0
7000 10000 14.3 14.4 . 15.6 17.4 19.3, ~1.6· 23.4 26.3 28.8 23.0 .
0000·· 11400 18.2 18.3 19.7 . 22.0 ·. 24.4 417.1 29.4 33.0 36.1 41.0
9000 12850 22.4 . 22.7 24.3 . 27.0 . 30.0 ~3.3 36.0. 40.4 44.0 49.9
10000 14300 27.1 27.6 . 29.3 32.5 36.1. ,0.0. 43.2· '48.4 52.7 59.6

11000 15700 32.1 33.0 34.7 38.4 42.6 ~1:2 50.9 56.9 62.0 70.0 .
12000 17150 37.5 38.7 40.5 . 44.8 . 51.4 . ~4.9 59.2 66.1 71.9 81.1 .
13000 18600 43.4 .44.9. ·46.6·· 51.6 59.1 ~3.2 . 68.0 75.9 82.4 I 92.9
14000 20000 49.6 . 51 .. 5 53.2 58.8 . 67.2 ~1.9 . 77.4 86.3 93.6. 105 '
15000 21400 56.2 58.5 60.2 66.4 . , 75.8 . ~ 1. 1 . 87.3 97.2 105 . 118 .

16000 22850 63.1 65.8 67.6 . 74.4. 64.9 so.s 97.6 109 118 132
18000 25700 78.1 81.4 83.5 91.7 104 . 1' 2 120 133 144 162
20000 28600 94.6 98.5 101 111 126 1:~ . 144 160 173 194.
22000 31400 113 117 120 131 149 1$9 170 .189 204 228
24000 34300 132 137 140 153 173 115 199 220 237 265 .

26000 37100 153 159 162 177 . 200 2 4 229. 253. 273 304
28000 40000 175 182 186 202 · 220 2' 2. 261 288 310 345
30000 42850 199 206 211 229 257 215 294 325 350 389
32000 45700 224 232 238 . 257 288 3 9 330 364 391 435
34000 48600 250 '259 266 286 321 3! 5 367 404 435 483
· I~ lllge~soH·DresserPumps· C~meroh Hydraulic Data
Friction Loss for V.is·co·us L·iquicls;(Gontinued)
(Based on Darcy's Formu1ar ·
·_ Lossln Feet of Liquid per<1000 Feet of Pipe .
. 24 lnch (22.. 624" inside 'dle) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
,.

Kinematicvisccstty-e-centtstokes
Flow

us :
Bbl
0.6 I 1.13 -I 2: 1
I 2.7
I 4.3 1- ·. 7.4 I- 10.3
I 13.1
I 15.7
I 20.6

gal per . - Approx SSU viscosity

per _ hr (42-
min gal) · . 31.5 I 33 35 40 ·. 50 60 70 80 .- 100

-2000 2860 ;31 :34 . 37 .39_ Al - . .47. .. 51 · . ,55 . 57. .59 .

3000 4285 .63 .71 . 7B .82 .86- ;97 1.05 · . J.11 1.17 1.21 .
4000. 5715 1.10 1.18 1.28 1~34 1.45 1.62 1.,75 1;85. 1.94 2.07- .-
5000- 7145 1.70 1.79 1.94 2.02 2.18 .2.43 . 2.61 2.76 2.88 3.07
6000 8670 - 2.41 2.54 2.73 2.83 . 3.05 ·. 3.36 ;
.•.
3.62 . 3.82- 3.96 4.25··

7ooo
•'

10000 3.24. 3 .. 41 3.65 3.77 4.06 4.47 4.78 5.03 ·5.24· 5.58 ·'
. 8000 >..11400 •',4.21; 4.40 4.69 .4.85
•'
. 5.19 _5.7_1 •· 6.09 6.40 . 6:66 -. 7.08
9000 .12850 - 5.29 5.52 -. 5.86 6.04 . 6.46 7.08 7.54 . - .; 7:92 - 8.23 ': ·- .: 8.74.
10000 . - 14300 . 6.50 · .. 6.76 7.16 • 7.37 r.ss, 8.59.· -. 9.13 .- 9.58 . _9.95 ;
10.6
12000 17150 ·,· 9.29 9.62 . 10.1 10.4 • 11,0 . 12~0 -- .-- 12.7. 13.3 -_ 13.8 14.6
..
.
14000 20000 .. 12.6 . 13.0. .13.6 . 13.9 14.7 16.0 26.9 17.7 . : 18.3 19.3
16000
18000
:.22850 ' 15,3
. 25700 ·. 20.6
.. 16.8
. 21.2
.: 17.6
- 22.0
18.0
22.s
18.9
23.7
- . 20.4.',
25:5
· .· 21.6.·
·. --26.8
22.5
28.0
.-23.3.
. 28.9 _. ~~:~·,
20000 28600 25.4 -· :' 26.0 27.0. 27.6 ·28.9 ·. 31.0·. ·. 32.6 33.9 35.0' . 36.9
"
22000. ' 31400 30 -, 6. 31;3 32:5 33.t . 34.6·. 37.o· 38.9 1-· 40.4 41.7_·. 43.9
38.4'', I'
24000 34300. . 36.4 ' 37.1 39:1 40.8 _43.6 45.7 47.5 49.0 51.4'
26000. 37100 42.6 •' 43.5' .. 44.9 45.7 47.6 .-.50.6 - . '53,0 __ -. 55.0 -. 56~7 .59.5-
28000 40000 /49.3. 50.3 •. 51:8 ': 52.7 54:_8 ·. 58.2· .- . 60.9 63.1 . -·s5.0 _68;2 .
30000 . 42850 56.6 .57.6. ; . 59.2 60.2 52;5 66.3 . - 69.2
-- 15:1
.71.8. 73.9 nA
32000 . 45700. 64:3 .65.4 67.2 68.2 70..7 .74.9' · . 80.9 83.2 - 87.1 - -
.

34000 '45600 12.5. 73.6 .75.6 •. · . 76.7 . 79.5. 84.0' ·- 87.5 90.6 93.1 '• 97.4·'
36000 51400 . 81.2 82.4 84;5. 85.7 - .. . 88.7. . 93.6 . . 97,4 101 ·._ 104 ioa . '
38000 ·:. 54300 90.4 . 91.7 ." 93.9 95.2 - 98.4 104 108. 111 114 120. '
40000 .57150 100 101 ..' 104 105 109 114• . . .•119· -. _-_123 126 131
..
125 . '•
 Friction

Frictio.
· ·
n . Loss.~.o r Visc·o· us Li;uid... s (C.ontinued)
(Baaed on Darcy's For ula) . ·.
· Loss in Feet of Liquid. per 1 00 Feet of Pipe . '

24 Inch (22.624"inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

.

Kinematic viscosi ty-centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4
I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4 I 162.3 I 216.5 I 325 I 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSl viscosity

per hr (42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

2000 2860 .64 .68 .72 .81 .95 ;79. 1.03 1.58 2.10 3.13
.3000 4285 1.29 1.36 1.49 1.62 1.88 2.13 1.59 2.33 3.15 4.65
4000 . 5715 2.12 2.25 2.45 2.67 .3.07 . 3A6 3.79 .. 3.18 4.14 6.25
5000 7145 3.14 3.31 3.60 4.06 4.51 5.06 5.52· 6.28 5.25 7.64
6000 8670 4.38 4.56 4.95 5.56 6.18 6.91 7.52 8.52 6.37 9.31 .

7000 10000 5.82 5.98 6.48 7.26 8.07 ' 9.01 9.79 11.1 . 12.1 11.0
8000 11400' 7.45 7.57 8.18 . 9.15 10.1 .11.3 12.3 13.9 15.2 12.7
9000 12850 9.24 9.33 10.1 11.2 12.5 13.9 15.1 16.9 18.5. 14.3
10000 14300 11.2 11.3 12.1 13.5 15.0 16.7 18.0 20.3·· 22.1 25.1
12000 17150 15~5 15~8 16.7 18.6 20.6 22.9. 24.7 27.7 30.2 34.1

14000 . 20000 .20.4 21.0 22.0. 24.4 27.0 29.9 32.3 36.1' 39.2 44.3'
16000 22850 25.9 26.9 27.9. 30.8 35.3 37.8 40.7 45.4' 49.3 55.5
18000 '25700 32.0 33.4 34.4 37.9 43.4 46.4 49.9 55.6 60.3 67.8
20000 28600 38.7 40.4 41.5 45.7 . .52.2 55.8 60.0. 66.7 ·72.3 81.1
22000 31400 46.0 48.0 49.2 54.2 .61.6 66.0 70.9 78.7 85.2 95.5

24000 34300 . 53.9 56.1 57.5 63.2 71.8 76.9 82.5 91.6 99.0 111
26000 37100 62.3. 64.9 .· 66.4 72.9 82:7 88.5 94.9 105 114 127
28000 .40000 71.3 74.2. 75.9 83.2 94.2 01 108 120 ·.· 129 · '; 144
· 30000 42850 . 80.9 84.1 85.9 94.1 106 . 14 122 .· 135 146 163
32000 45700 91.0 '94.5 96.8 106 119 28 137 151 163. 182
..

34000 48600 102 106 108 118 133 47 152 168 181 202
36000 51400 1.13 117 120 . 130. 147. 163 168 186 200 223··
38000
40000
54300
57150
125
137
129
142
133
146
144
158
. 162
177
179
. 196
185
203
204
223
220
240
244.
267
160 172 193. :>14 221 243 262
 -,. '·. .
. .·. . .
. . . . ...
. .. . . .. . .' . .

I" lngersoll·Drt!sser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data.·

.- . ------Fris-tion- Loss for Viscous Liquids (Continued).-.
· (Based on·oarcy's Formula) · · · ·

. Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe ·.

30 Inch (28.750" inside di_a) Sch 30 New Steel Pipe
..
. . • Kinematic viscosity-centistokes ·

us
Flow

.Bbl
0.6
I 1.13.
I
2.1
I 2.7
I 4.3
I 1.4 · I 10:3 . I 13.,
I 15.7
I 20.6

gal. per Approx ·SSU viscosity . '

per hr (42. ·
min gal) 31.5 33 35 · 4o:: - 50 60 ..70· .. 80 100

3200 4570 .23 .25 .27 .29 .30 .34 . 37 .40 I . .42 A3
3400 4860 . . 25 · .. 26 ... 31 .32 ·.34. .38 .42 .44 .46 .46
3600 5140 . . 28 .31 .34 .36 .38 ' .43 .46 • . .49 .51 .53
3800 .5425 .31 .34 .38 .39 .42 .47 ,51 .54 .56 .59
4000 '5715 . . 33 .37 .41 .43 .56 .51 .55 .59 .62 .64

5000 7145 .51 .57 :62 .65 .68 .77 ~83 ·:61 .. 91·· : .97
6000 ·. 8570 .72 .77 .86 .88 .95 1.06 .1.14 .1.21 1.26 .' .. 1.35 .
7000 10000 .97 1.03 1.12 1.16 ', 1.26. . 1.40 1.51 .·. 1.59. . 1.66 l.77
6000 11400 1.25 1.33 .. 1.43 . . 1.49 1.61 1.79 .. 1.91.· 2.02 2.11 . 2.25
9000 12850 1.57 1.66 '. 1.79 1.65· 2.00 · . 2.21 ··.. ~:37. '2.49 2.60 2:77.,.
. ..
10000. 14300 1.92 2.03 . 2.18 . 2.25·· 2.43 2.66 . 2.86. 3'.01· 3.14 3.34
12000 17150 2.74. 2.87 . 3.07 3.17 .3.40 .· 3.73 . 3.98, 4;19. 4.35 4.63
14000 20000· 3:70 3.66 '4.11 . 4.23 4.52 4.95 5.27, . 5.53 5.74 , . 6.10
16000 22850 4.80 . 5.00 5.29 5.44 5.80 . 6.33 . 6.72. '7;04 .. 7.31 ·.· 7;75
18000 • 25700 6,05 6.27. 6.62 6.8Q 7.22 '7.86 8.33 8.72 9.05 . 9.57
..
. 20000 28600·' •· 7.44 7.69 .. 8.09 8:31 . 8.80. 9.55 10. 1 .. 10.6. .11.0 11.6.
22000 31400 8.97' 9.26 9.71 9.95 10.5 11 .4. < 12.0 12.6 13.0. 13;8 ..•. ·.
. 24000 34300 10.6 11.0 11.5 11.8 12.4 13.4 14.L . 14:0 ·15.3 .·· . 16:1 .
26000 37100 12.5 12.0 13.4 13.7 .. 14.4 15.5 · . . .16.4 17.1 17.7 18.6 . .
260()0 40000 14.4 14.8 15.4 · . 15.6 . 16.6 17.6 .. 18.8. 19.6 20.2 21.3 .:

. 30000 . 42850 16.5 16.9 . ff6. 18.0 16.9 . 20,3 r • 21.3 22.2 22.9 24.1
35000 50000 22.4·· 22.9. 23.7. 24.2 25.3 : . 27.0 28.4 . 29.5 30.4 . 32.0
40000 .· 57150 '
29.1 29.. 7 30.7 •. 31.3 32.6 . 34.7 36.4 -. . 37.8 38.9 . 40;8 ".
45000 62290 36.8··. 37.5 36.6 . · 39.3 .· 40.8·· .· 43.3 45.3 • . 47.o . 48.3 .· 50.7
50000 1f450· 45.3. 46.1 . 47.4 .: 48.2 50.0 52.9 55.2 . 57.1 .· 58.8 61.5
 ; ,I

Friction

Friction . Loss for Viscous Liquids (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per tHOO Feet of Pipe
30 Inch (28.750" inside dia) Sch 30 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosi y-centistokes

US
Flow

Bbl
26.4 1 32.o 1 43.2 1 ss.o I 1oa.4 I 162.3 1 216.5 1 325 1 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSll visaJstty

per hr (42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

E:
3200 4570 .46 .49 .54 .58 .68 .77 .65 .94 1.28 1.79
3400 4860 .51 .54 .60 .. 65 .75 .86 .69 .98 1.36 2.02
3600 5140 .57 .60 .66 .72 .83 .94 .73 1.10 1.44 2.15
3800 5425 .62 .66 .72 .79 .91 1.03 .n 1.13 . 1.53 2.29
4000 5715 .68 .72 .79 .86 .99 1.12 .81 U6 1.62 2.39

5000 . 7145 1.00 1.06 1.16 1.26 1.46 1.64 1.79 1.49 1.95 2.98
6000 8570 1.38 .1.46 1.59 1.73 1.99 2.24 2.44 1.83 2.43 3.65
7000 10000 1.81 1.91 2.08 . 2.34 2.60 . 2.91 3.17 3.60 2.76 4.14
8000 11400 2.32 2.42 2.62 2.94 3.27 3.66 3.98 4.50 3.24 4.64
9000 12850 2.89 2.97 3.22 3.61 4.01 4.48 4.86 5.49 6.02 5.48.
10000 14300 3.51 3.58 ·3.87 4.33 4.81 5.37 5.82 . 6.57 7.19 5.96
12000 17150 4.89 4.94 5.33 5.95 6.61 7.35 7.96 8.95 9.78 7.30
14000 20000 6.44 . 6.54 . 6.99 7.79 . 8.65 9.60 10.4 11.7 12.7 '14.4 .
16000 22850 8.17 8.37. 8.85 9.84 10.9 12.1 13.1 14.6 15.9 18.0
18000 25700 10.1 10.4 10.9 12.1 13.4 14.9 . 16.0 17.9 19.5 . 22.0

20000 28600 12.2 . 12.7 13.2 14.6 . 16.7. 17.9 19.2 21.5. 23.3 26.3
22000 31400 14.5 15.1 15.6 17.2 19.7 21.1 22.7 25.3 2i5 30.9
24000 34300 16.9 17.7 18.2 20.1 23.0 24.6 26.4 29.4 31.9 35.8
26000 37100 19.6 20.4 21.0 23.1 26.4·. 28.3 30.4 33.8 36.6 41.1
28000 40000 22.4 23.3 24.0 26.4 .. 30.1 32.2 34.6 38.4 41.6 4~.6

30000 42850 25.3 26.4' 27.1 29.8 34.0 36.4 39.0 . 43.3. 46.9 52.5
35000 50000 33.5 . 34.9 35.7 39.2 44.5 47.7 51.1 56.6 61.2 . 68.3
'40000 57150 42.7 44.4 45.6 49.8 56.4 60.4 64.6 71.5 77.1 86.0
45000 62290 52.9 55.0 56.7 61.5 69.4 77.0 . 79.5 87.8 94.6 . 105
50000 . 71450 64.2 66.6 68.9 74.2 83.7 92.6 . 95.8 . 106 114 126
I~. lngersoll·Dresser Pumps. . ·. Cai:neron Hydraulic Data
Friction Loss for Vissous,Liquids-(-ContinuedJ-::.~ -. - _ ·
· ·· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
. 36 Inch (~4.500" inside dia) Sch 30 New SteelPipe
.
Kinematic viscoslty-e- centistokes
Flow

us .B.bl
0.6 I 1 .13
1
. 2.1 I 2 .. 7 I 4.3 I 7.4 I 10.3
I 13.1 I · 15.7 I 20.6

gal per · -Approx·SSU·viscosity

per hr (42
min gal) 31.5 33.· .· 35 ., .40 '. 50 60 •.. 70' ·. BO 100

600.0 8670 .29 .33 .36 .37 .39 · .. 44 .4B .51 .53 '.56
7000 10000 .39 .43 .47 .50 .52 .58 .63 .' .. 66 .69 .74·
8000 11400. .so • .. 54 .60 .62 ·.66 ·.74 .80 .84 .88 .94
9000 12850 .. 63 .67 .73 .76 ... 82 .92 .98 '• 1.04 1.08 1.16
10000 . 14300 .77. .. 82 .89 .92. 1.00 1 .11 1.19 1,25 1.31 1.40 •.

12000 17150 1.09 1.15 1.25 1.29. 1.39 1.54 1.65 .1.74 1.81 1 ,93
14000 20000 '1.47 .· 1.55 1.66 .. 1.72 1.85 .· 2.04 .2.18 2.29 2.39 2.54.
16000 22850 1.90 ·2.00 2.14 2.21 2.31 2.61 2.78 2.92 3.03 . '3.22
18000 25100 .2.39 . 2.SO 2.67 ',• 2.75 .~.95 3.23 3.44 . .·3.61 3.75 3.98
20000 .28600 2.94 3.07 3.26 3.36. 3~58 3.92 4.17. •4,37 .: 4.54 .· ·. 4.81
·•.
22000 31400 . 3.54· 3:68 3.90 4.02 4.25·· 4.67 4.96. 5:20 5.39 . . 5.71
24000 34300 4.20 .4.36 ..4.60 .4:14 5.03 5.48 5.81 . 6.09 6.31 . 6.68
26000 37100 .. · . 4.91 .5.09 5.36 5.51 5.85 ·6.35 6.73 7.04 7.. 30 7.71 -.
28000 40000 5.67. 5.87 6.18 6.34 6,72 7.29- 7;71 .8.06 8.35. 8.82
30000 42850 6.50 . 6.71.· 7.05 7.23 7;65 8.28. 8.75 ., 9.14 9.46 . . 9.99

35000· ·50000 8.80 9.06 . 9.47 ·9.70 10.2 . 11.0 ·. 11.6 . . 12.1 '. . 12.5 . 13.2·
40000 . 57150 '11.4 11.8 12.2 . 12.5 13.2 ·. -. 14.1 14.9.• ' 15.5 .· 16.0 16.8
45000 62290 .14.4 14.8 15.4 I 15.7 16.4 17.6 .. 18.5 19.2 19.9. 20.9 •.
50000 71450 17.8 18.2 18.8 ·. . 19.2 .: 20.1 . · 21.4 22.5 23.4 24:1 25,3
55000 78570 21.5 .· 21.9 22.7 • 23.1 24.1. 25.6.· 26.9. 27.~ . 28.7 30.1
..

60000 857i0 25.5 26.0 26.8 27.3 28.4 ·. .30.2 31.6 32.8 33.7 . . 35.3
65000 • 92a50- 29.9. .30.4 31.3 .· 31.8 -. 33.1.· 35.1 . 36.7 . 38.0 39.1 40.9. ,.
70000 100000 34.6 35.2 36.2 36;8 .. 38.1 40.4 42.1' 43.6 44.9. 46.9
80000 114290 45.0 45.8. 46.9 47.6 49;3 . . 52.0 54.i 55.9 . 51:5 .· 60.0'
128570 56~9.· 57.7. 59.1 59.9 61.8 65.0 67.6 .· 69.7 . 71;5 '74.6 .
'•
90000
 Friction
',

Friction. Loss for Viscous Li1 ~uids (Continued) -·-··- . - .. --

(Based on Darcy's Fon nule)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 11 )00 Feet of Pipe
36 Inch (34.500" inside dia) Sch 30 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
Flow
' 162.3
us Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 43.2 I 65.0 108.4 216.5 1 325
I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SS U viscosity

per hr (42
min gal) . 125 150 200 300 .. 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

I
6000 8670 .58 .61 .67 .73 .84 .95 1.04 .86 1.13 1.73
7000 10000 .76 .80 .88 .95 1.10 1.23 1.35 1.00 1.33 2.02
. 8000 11400 .96 1.01 1.10 1.24 1.38 1.55 1.69 1.92 1.53 2.37
9000 12850 1.19 1.25 1.35 .1.52 1.69 1.89 2.06 2.34 1.74 2.54
10000 14300 1.44 1.50 1.63 1.83 2.03 2.27 2.47 2.79 3.06 2.91

12000 17150 2.02 2.07 2.24 2.51 2.78 3.10 3.37 3.80 4.16 3;45
14000 20000 2.69 2.72 2.93 3.28 3.64 4.05 4.39 4.94. 5.40 4.00
16000 22850 3.41 3.45 3.71 4.13 4.59 5.10 5.52 6.20 6.n 7.68
18000 25700 4.21 4.29 4.57 5.08 5.64 6.26 6.76 ·7.58 8.26 9.36
20000 28600 5.08 5.21 5.50 6.11 6.78 7.52 8.12 9.08 9.89 . 11.2

22000 31400 6.02 6.21 6.51 . 7.22 .: 8.02 8.88 9.57 10.7 .· 11.6 13.1
24000 34300 7.04 7.30 7.60 . 8.42 . 9:66 10.3 11.1 12.4 13.5 15.2··
26000 37100 8.12 8.46 8.76 9.69. 11.1 11.9 12.8 14.3 15.5 . 17.4
28000 40000 9.28 9.70 9.99 11.1 . .. 12.6 . 13.5. . 14.6 16.2 17.6 19.8
30000 42850 10.5 11.0 11.3 12.5 14.3. 15.3 16.4. 18.~ 19.8 22.2

35000 50000 13.9 14.5 14.9 16.4 18~7 20.0 21.5 23.9 . 25.8 28.9 -.
40000 57150 · 17.7 18.4 18.9 20.8. .23.6 25.3. 27.1 30.1 32.5 36.4
45000 62290 21.9 22.8 23.4 25.6 29.1 31.1 33.4 36.9 39.9. 44.5
50000 7.1450 26.5 27.6 28.4 30.9 35.0 37.5 40.2 44.4 47.9 53.4
55000 78570 31.5 32.8 33.9 36.7 41.4 46.0 47.5 52.5 56.5. 62.9
:
60000 85710 36.9 38.4 39.8. 42.9 48.3 53.5 55.3. 61 .1 65.8 73.1
65000 92860 42.7 44.4 46J 49.5 . 55.7 61.6 63.8 70.3 75.6 84.0
70000 100000 48.9 50.8 52;9 56.5 63.6 70.2 72.7 80.1 86.1 95.5
80000 114290 62.5 64.8 67.7 71.8 80.6 88.9 92.1 101 109 120
90000 128570 n.6 80.4 . 84.2 88.8 99.5 ! 110 113 125 . 134 148
.. ·I) Ingersoll-Dresser.Pumps• Cameron
.
Hydraulic Data - ·. : . .

Friction l-0ss··for-Viscous Liquids- ·(C9ntin uea):

- _ (Based on Darcy's Formula) - _ ._
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe -
42 Inch (42.0;' inside dia) New Steel Pipe·

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
Fiow

us .Bbl--
0.6
I 1.13
I 2. 1 I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4
I 10.3
I 13. 1
I 15.7
I 20.6

gal per _· f'pprox-SSU ~y

per hr (42
min gal)_ .31.5 .: 33 _ -• 35 40 so 60 70 80 100.

10000 14300 .29 .32 .35 .37 .38 ··.43 .46 .49 .sr .55
11000 15700 .34 .; .37' .42 '.44 .46 .51 .55 .58 .60 .65
12000 17150 .41 .43 '.48 - :so .54 .60 .64 .68 .71 .75
13000 18600 .47 .50 · .. 55 .57 .62 .69 .74 .. 78 ' .81. .87.
-.
,54 ~63 .66 .71 -. -. - .93
14000 20000
-- -- -
.58 -- -- -- - - -- --~79. .85·
-. .89 .~9
15000 21400 .62 .66 .72 ,75 ' .81 1-
'.89 .96 1m_ 1.05 1.12---_-_
16000 22850 .70 .75 .81 ._.84 .91 1.00 l.07 1.13 1.18 1.26
17000_ .24290 . 79 ' .84 .91 .94 '1 .01 1.12 ' 1.20 1.26 1.31 1.40 .
18000 25700 .88 :94 1.01 l.05 1:13 1.24 ''1:33 '1.40 .1.46 _.1.55
--
19000 27140 .98 1.04 1.12 1.16 1.24 l.37 - I
1.47 1.54 1.60 1.71

20000. -.': 28600 1.08 1.14 1.23 1.27 1;37.- 1.51 1.61 '1.69 -1.76 1.87
25000 35700 1.67 l.7_5 1.87 1.93 - '; -- 2.07 2.27 2.41 ' '2.53. 2~63 •' 2.79'
_-' 2.90
',

30000 42850 2.39 2.49_ 2.64 2.72 3.17' 3.36 3.52 3.66 3.87
35000 5ocioo 3.22 3:35_. 3.54 3.64' .-3.87 ' 4.21 4.46 .4.66 4.83 5.11
--
40000 57150 '4.19 - __ 4.34 4.56 .4:69 4.96 '.5.38 s.70 5.95 6J6 _6.51
''

45000 62290 5.28 -. 5.45 -. 5.72 ·5.86 I- - 6.19 6.70 7.q7 7.38 7.64 8.05'
.,' 7.16 ' 7.55 . 8.95 -9.25-
''

50000 71450 6.49 6.69 7.00 8._14 8;59 9.75

60000 85710' --- '.9.29 9.54 9.93 - . 10.2 . 10.7, 11.4 . 12.0 12.5 .12.9 13~6 '
70000 ··-100000 ; 12.6 12.9 13.4 13.6 _ ,' '. 14.3' 15.3 ,- 16.0. 16.6 17.2 18.0
80000 114290 ' 16.4 16.7 17.3 17.6' 18.4 19.6 20.5 , 21.3.- 21.9 23.0
90000 _128570 -- 20.7.
. 21.1' . 21.8 . - 22.1 23.o-·. 24:5 25.6' 26.5 27.3 28~6
100000 14286_0 25.5 26.0' .• 26.7 '. 27.1 . 28.2 - 29.8 -- -- 31.1 ,'
32.2 33.1 _- 34:7
110000 157_14b 30.8 '•_31.3 _- 32;2 32.7 33.8'' 35.7 37.2 38.5-- 39.6 41.3
.r
120000 171430 36.6 37.2 38.t 38.7 40.0 42.1 ' 43.9 45:3. 46.5 48.5
130000 185710 42.9 . 43.5 44.6 ' '45.2 _-_46.6'' - •.. 49.1 51.0 '52.6
 . Friction

Friction· Loss for Viscous Li uids (Contin_4ec:I)

(Based· on Darcy's For · ula) · · . - -- ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 00 ·Feet of Pipe

. 42 Inch (42.0" inside dia) Steel Pipe New
Kinematic vlsccs ity-centistokes ·

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4 162.3 I 216.5 1 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SS J viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

I
10000 14300. .56 .59 .64 .72 .80 .90 .. 98 1.11 .90 1.27
11000 15700 .66 .70 .76 .85 .94 1.06 1.15 1.30 .93 1.42
12000 17150 .78 .81 .88 .99 1.10 1.23 1.33 1.51 1.66 1.57
13000 18600 .90 .93 1.01 1.13 ' 1.26 1.41 1.53 1.73 1.90 1.72
14000 20000 1.03 1.06 1.15 1.29 1.43 I 1.60 1.74 1.96 2.15 1.87
-
15000 21400 1.17 1.20 1.30 1.45 1.61 1.80 1.95 2.20 2.41 . 2.02
16000 22850 1.32 1;34 1.45 1.63 1 ;81 2.01 2.18 2.46 2.69 2.05
17000 24290 1.48 1.50 1.62 1.81 2.01 2.23 2.42 . 2.72 2.98 3.39
18000 25700 U4 1.66 1.79 2.00 2.22 2.47 2.67 3.00 3.28 3.73
19000
.
27140 1.81 1.82 1.97 2.19 2.44 2.71 . 2.93 3.29 3.59 4.o8·

20000 28600 1,98 -, 2.00 2.15 2.40 2.66 2.96 3.20 3.59 3.92 4.45
. 25000 35700 2.94 3.02 3.19 3.54 3.94 4.36 4.71 5.27 5.73 6.47
30000 42850 . 4.08 4.24 4.41 · 4.88 5;60 5.99. 6.46 7.21 7.83 8.82
35000 50000 5.38 . 5.63 5.80 6.41 7.33 7.85 8.44 9.40 ·10.2 . 11.5
40000 57150. I 6.84 7.15 7.35 . 8.12 9.26 9.91 10.7 11.9 12.B '. 14.4

. 45000 62290 8.46 ·8.83 9.08 10.0 11.4 .12.2 13.1 14.5 15.7 17.6
50000 71450 10.2 10.7 11.0 12.1 13.7 1 :4.7 15.7 . 17.5 18.9 21.1
60000 85710 14;2 14.8 15.3. · 16.7 18.9 20.2 21.7 24.0 25.9 . 28.8
.70000 100000 18.8 19.6 20.3 22.0 24.8 27.5 28.4 -. 31.4 33.B 37.6 .
80000 114290 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.9 31.4 34.8 36.0 39.7 42.7 47.4
.
90000 128570 29.8 31.0 32.3 . 34.5 38.8 42.8 44.3 48.8 . 52.4 58.2
100000 142860 36~ 1 37.5 39.3 41.6 . . 46.8 . 51.6 53.:4 58.7 63.1. 69.9
110000· 157140 . 43.1 44.7 46.9 49.4 55.4 61.1 . 63.3 69.5 74.5 82.5.
120000 171430 50.5 52.4 55.0 57.8 64.7 71.2 73.S 81.0 86.8. 96.0
130000 185710 58.5 .· 60.6 63.8 66.8 74.7 82.1 85.1. 93.3 100 110
I) lngersoll·Dfesser Pumps · ·.Cameron Hydrm11i~ Data
.Fnctlon.Loss for Vis~ous Liquids (Continued)
· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · ·.
Loss in Feetof Liquid per 1000 Feeto.f Pipe
48 Inch (48.0'' inside dla) New StE!el Pipe
Kinematic vtscoslty= centtstokes · ..

US
Flow

Bbl
o.6 - 1 1.i3 I 2.1- - I 2.1 - I 4:3 - 1 · 7.4 I 10_3· I 13.i. i 1s.1 I 20.s

gal per. Approx·SSU viscosity •,

per hr (42
min - gal) '
31.5 33 35 40' 50 60 70 80 ' 100

14000 20000 ;28 .31 .34 .35 .37 .41 .44 .47 .. .49 .52
16000 22850 .36 .. 39 .42 .44 .47 .53 '·.57 '.60 .62 '.66 .
18000 25700 .45 .48 .52 ._54 ,. .59 •' .65 .. 70 .74 ' .77 .82
20000 28600 .55 .59 .64, ;66 '•' :11 .79 .84 •.. 89 .93 ... 99
25000 35700 .85 .90 .97 ', 1.00_ LOB 1.19 · r:21. ',_ 1.33 1.38 1.47
,• .
30000 42850 1.21 1.27 1.36. 1.41 ·1.51 . 1.65 1.76 1.85 1.92 '2.04 '
35000 '50000 1.64 1.71 '1.82 -. 1.88 2.01 2.19. 2.33 2.44 •''' 2.54 2.69
40000
45000
50000
.57150
64290
71430.
2.12-
-.2~67
'3.28
2.21
2.78
3.40
2.35'
2.93
3.59
2.42
3.02
·. 3.68 . ·.
2 .. 57
3.21
3;90
2.81
3.49
..• 4.23
.• 2.98'
3.69
4.48
3.12
3.86
4.68 4.84
!:~a .. 3.42
4.23
·.·.·• 5;_11

55000 78570 3.96 4.09 4.30 4.41 · 4.67 5.05 ' '5,34 5.57 5,76 6.08
60000 85710 4.70_ 4.85 5.08 '5.21 5.50 5.94 6.26 6.5_3 '6.75 -7.12
65000 92860 5.50 5.66 -5.92 '- -6.07. 6.39 , 6.89 7.26 I ' 7.57 ' 7.82 " . 8.23
.70000 100000 6.36 6.54 6.83 '6,99 .7.35 7.91 8.33 _8.67 ' •.• _ 8.96 9.42
75000 107140 7:28 1.48 7.80 7.97. 8.37 8.99 9.46 9.85 10.2 - 10.7 ,•

80000 114290 8,27 8.49 8.83 I 9.02 9.46 10.2 10.7' 11.f' ._• 11.4. 12.0
85000 .121430 9.32 9.55. 9.93 10.1 10.6 11.4 11.9 12.4 12.8' 13.4.
90000 128570 10.4 10.7 11.1 11.3 ' '11.8 12.7 13.3 13.8 . , 14.2 ·14.9
.95000 i35710 11.6 11.9 -12.3 12.6 13.1 14.0. 14:? 15.2 15,7 16.5
100000 142860 .12.9 13.t 13.6 '13.9 14.5 15.4 16.1 16.8. '17.3c- 18.1

110000 _157140 15.5 15~8- 16.4 .16.6 17:3 18.4 19.3 20.0 20.6' ·21.5
120000 171430 18.4 18.8 . '19.4 . 19.7 ' 20.5 '21.7 ,• 22.i , 23.5 24.2 25.3
130000 185710 21.6 .·_· 22:0 22.6. ', 23.0 23.9 25.3 26.3 27.3 -· 28.0 ·, 29.3
140000 200000 25.() 25.4 ··. 26.1 •'' 26.5' '• 27.5. 29.1 30.3 31.~ 32.2 33.6
160000 228570'. '32.6 33.1 33.9 34.4 35.5 37.3. 38.9' 40:2 '41.2 -, 43.0
 ·.Friction

Friction Loss for Viscous Li uids (Continued)

- · (Based on Darcy's Fo . · · · ·
1mula)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1:000 Feet of Pipe
48 Inch (48~0" inside dia) I ~ew Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscc sity-centistokes

US
Flow

Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.o I 108.4 162.3 I 216.5 I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx Sl iU viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

.61 . 1.15

I
14000 20000 .54 .56 .69 .76 .85 .93 1.05 1.09
16000 22850 .69 .71 .77 .86 .96 1.07 1.16 1.31 1.44 1.25
18000 25700 .86 .88 .95 1.06 1.18 1.31 .. 1.42 1.60 1.75 1.41
20000 . 28600 1.04 .1.05 1.14 1.27 1.41 1.57 1.70 1.92 2.09 1.56
25000 35700 1.55 1.58 1.69 1.88 2.09 2.32 2.50 2.81 . 3.06 3.46

30000 42850 2.15 2.21 2.33 2.59 .· 2.87 3.18 .. 3.43 3.84 4.17 4.71
35000 50000 2.83 2.94 3.06 3.39 3.89 4.16 4.48 5.00 5.43 5.12
. 40000 57150 3.60 3.76 3.88 4.29 4.91 5.25 5.65 6.30 6.83 7.67
45000 64290 ·4.45 4.65 . 4.79 5.28 6.03 6.46 6.94 7.72 8.36 9.38
50000 71430 5.38 5.62 5.77 6.37 .7.26 7.77 8.34 9.27 10.0 . 11.2

55000 75570· 6.38 6.67 6.85 . 7.54 8.58 9.19 9.86 10.9 11.8 13.2
.60000 85710 7.47 7.80 8.00 8.80 10.0 10~7 11.5 12.7 13.7 15.4
65000 92860 8.64 9.01 · . 9.25 10.2 11.5 12.3 -. 13.2 14.6 15.8 17.6
70000 100000 9.88 10.3 10.6. 11.6 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.7 18.0 20.0
75000 107140 11.2 .: 11.7 12.1 13.1 14.8 15.9 17.0 18.8. ·20.2 22.6

80000 114290 12.6 13.1 .· 13.6 14.7 .16.6 18.4 19.0 21.0 22.7. 25.2
85000 121430 14.1 14.6 . 15.2 . 16.4 18.5 20.5 21.2 23.4 25.2 28.0
90000 128570 15.6 . 16.2 . 16.7 18.1 20.5 22.7 23.4 25.9 27.8 30~9
. 95000 135710 17.2 17.9 18.7 20.0 22.5 24.9 25.8 28.4 30.6 33.9
100000 142860 18.9 19.7 20.5 . 21.9 24.7 27.3 28.2. 31.1 33.4 37.1

110000 157140 22.5 23.4 24.5 26.0 29.2 32.3 33.4 36.8 39.5 43.8
120000 171430 26.4 27.4. 28.7· . .· 30.4 34.1 37;7 39.0 . 42.9 46.0 50.9
130000 185710 30.5 31.7 . 33.3 35.1 39.4 43.4 44.9 .: . 49.4 52.9 58.5
.: 140000 200000 35.o·.· 36.3 38.2 40.1 44.9 49.5 51.3 56.3 . 60.3 66.6
150000 214290 39.7 41.2 43.4 45.5 50~8 55.9 58.0 63.5 . 68.1 . 75.2
. I) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Callleron Hydraulic Data.
Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids~4000 SSU ·to 20000 SSU · -
· - .· · .. · . (Based on Darcy's Formula).-. . · , ·· --·----., · · -·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per tOOO Feetof Pipe
· . 1Y4" to 6" pipe slzes-e-Schedule 40 _. _ .-
Laminar flow-Figures
. . . . ' .
suitable
~ .
for any. . interior
. .
roughness.
. . .

Kinematic_v1scosity-centrstokes ...

Norn Velocity
863 - I 1079 I 1295 I
..
1726
1 2158
I .2589 I 3021 I 3452 I - 4315
Flow pipe of Approx SSU viscosity
us ·size flow-
ft/sec 4000 5000 -. 6000 8000 . · 10000 12000 14000 16000 20000.
gpr:n in .
5 11/4 -1.07 749 937 1125 1499· 1874 2248 2623. '2998 3747
1112 . 0.79 405 506 607 .. 809 1011 1214 1416. .1618 . 2022
2 0.48 149 186 223. 298 . 372 447 .· 521··._ 596 744 ..
',

. 10 1 V4 2JS 1499 1874 2249 2998 3745· . 4496 5247 5995 '7494
.. 11/z 1.58 809 1011 1214. 1618 . 2023 . 2427 2832 3236 4045
2 - .0.95 298 372 . 447. 595 745 . ·593 ·•1042 1191 1489
. ..
15 11/z 2.36 ', 1213 . 1517 1821 2427 3035 . 3641 .. . 4248 4854 . 6068
2 1:43 : 447 558 670. ,893 . 1117 1_340 -· 1564 1787.' 2233
21/z 1.01 219 274 329. . 439 549 658.: 1sa·· 877 · •. · · 1097

20. 1Vz 3.15 1618 2023 . 2428 3236 4046 4854 . 5664- .~72 8090
2 1.91 596. .· 745 .... ·. 894 1191 · 1489 ' > 1787 2085: 2382 - •. 2978
..
21/2 . . 1.34 . 292· 366 440. 585. 731 878 1024 1170 1463
·.
25 2 '•
2.39 744. 931 111.7 - 1489· 1862 . 2233 2606 291s '3722.
. 21/2. 1.68 367 .-· 458 ·549 731 914 .· 1098 1280 1463 .·_ 1828
3- 1,08 .. 153 192 -··
230 301 383 -. 460 .•• 537 613 .. 167
.
30 2 2.87 893 1117 1341 -1787 2234 2680 . - .. 3.127 3573 4467
21/z 2.01 440 . 549. 659 · 579 1095 1315 . 1536 1755 2194
.. ·-737.
3 1.30 ··•· 184. ·_230 276 -: 368 461 5~~----. 643 920

40 2 3.82 ..
1191 1489 ··i787 2382·· 2979' . 3573 . 4170 . 4764 · . · 5956
2112 2;68 585 ·•132 878 1170 1463 1)55 . -2048 2340 : 2926
3 1.74. 245 . 307. 368 491· 613 736. .-859 .• sar • 1227
so 2 4.78 1489 1862 . 2234 2978• 3723 4467 5212 5956 7445
. 2112. _3,35 731 · •··. 914. 1098 ... 1463 1829 .2194 . 2560 -. '2926-. .· 3657
614' 767 920 1227'
.... ,
il
.
Friction

•',,
),\
·.

Friction Loss forViscous Liquids-400( 1

SSU to 20000 SSU (cont.)

.l,-~
-~, (Based on Darcy's For1 nule)

•··~
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 C 00 Feet of Pipe
3" to 18" pipe sizes-Sc ehedule 40

z:
Laminar flow-Figures suitable for a llY interior roughness .
Kinematic viscosi t y-cen tistokes

•1 -l I I I l I
I
l
863 1079 1 129s 1 1126 1 21 f)B 2589 3021 3452 4315
Norn Velocity
Flow pipe of Approx SSU viscosity
us
tt:· -1 gpm
size
in
flow
ft/sec 4000 5000 6000 8000 10( IOO 12000 14000 16000 20000
•.h· 175 3 7.59 1074 1342 1611 2147 26 84 .3221 . 3758 4295 5369

••• IJ
4 4.41 362 453 543 724 905 1086 1268. 1448 1810

••.}~.
6 1.94 70 88 105 14,1 1i76 2,1 246 281 352

.•<•.
200 4 5.04 414 517 621 828 10 35 1241 1449 1655 2069
6 2.22 80 100 121. 161 2p1 0:;241 281 321 402
8 1.28 27 34 40 54 Ji7 {,·:80. 94 107 ~34
.(.
·.- ...
250 4 6.30 517 647 776 1005 1~3 1552 '1811
. 352
. 2069 2586
6 2.78 100 -126 151 201 . 1 . ''•·301 402 502
;, 8 1.60 33 42 50 67 !84 1QO 117 134 167
300 4 7.56 621 776 931 1241 1~52 ·,1862. 2173 2483 3104
·'/.i j 6 3.33 121 151 .1a1. 241 01 362 422 482 603
, , .92 40 50 80

•••.r.
8 60 t01 121 141 161 201
··}!

.)~
400 6 4.44 161 201 241 321 4.02' 482 563 643 803
·:11 a 2.57 54 67 80 107 1i34 ·:161 1aB 214 268
! 10 1.63 22 2i 32 . 43 154·. t.e5 76 ·-
. 86 108
- 'J

·' 500 6 5.55 201 ·. 251 301 402 !02 603 .·703 803 1004
•\
. '·:
8
10
3.21
2.03
67
27
84
34
101
40
134
54
168
67
.:.201
81
235
94
268 335
135

•·•'·
108
v 600 6
a
6.66
3.85.
241
80
301
101
362
121
482
161
.
6,03
rn1
I
'. 723"
241
. 844
281
964
322
1205
402
·)
10 2.44 32 40 49 65 81 97 113 . 129 162
1.,
j 700 6 7.77 281 352 422 s62 ,.o3· ·.644 984: 1125 1406
~'~·:.:>' 8 4.49 94 117 141 188 : 35 281. 328 375 469
10 2.85 38 47 57 74 94 ··.113 132 151 189
 ~.· ' -. ' .· -. .
I . ff1 lngersoU·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

·Friction Iosses-~p.aper:stocK-flow· r'>: ·

Curves relating friction loss to. stock flowin pipes are shown on .
pages 3-91 to 3-101.. These curves are based on the University of
Maine's correlation of the Brecht and ·Heller data*. That data cor-
relation produced. a relationship between a pseudo- Reynolds N urnher·, '
"Re" and a friction factor "f" as shown on the chart on page 3-90.
The following equations are applicablehere;
' '· ' - ' '' . ' '

(1) ' 'pseudo-Reyn6lds

. ,' ' ' ' ·,,
N~mb~~
'
"Re"·' .· '
no~205 x v .x p
. c1.1s1 •'

(2) **friction factor "f" . ·•· . 3· 97 ·• ·.

Rei.636 · ..

(3) . ·. . average stockv~focity "'{'t •.• Q x~.$21 .· .•

·. . .· . -. ·. . · . · · . · · · . •.· . f x V2 x·L>< K
(4)',· ··.·.friction.
. . loss
. ''h"r... = . ··.··•. ·.. · · ..· .D· · .· · ...
. · ·.

·where:
A · Pipe flow cross-sectionalarea=-. square inches
' .c = %. stock. consistency-c-. oven dry ' ' '
D =Inside diameter of pipe-.-feet
 riction-Paper Stock . 'j
i

Given the pipe size, stock flow, and stock consistency, the stock
· velocity and Re number can be calculate · using equations (3) and
(1). The friction factor "f" corresponding to the calculated Re number
can be taken from the chart· on page 3-90 o calculated using equation
(2). By using the appropriate given and d rived values in equation
(4), the stock line friction loss can be calc ated, Friction loss values
shown on the accompanying curves were derived in the foregoing
manner for various diameters of schedule 4 steel pipe.
For pipe diameters other than those hown, it is necessary to
. calculate friction loss values as described a ove.
Although the Re number was originall derived on an .OD stock
· II
consistency basis, the friction loss curves s own here were calculated
· on the AD consistency basis, resulting . in somewhat larger loss
values and; therefore, more conservative
. .
r sults,
Stock temperatures between l8°C and 56C (65°F and 95°FJ will
.. not appreciably affect friction loss; higher temperatures. should give
· somewhat lower friction losses.
· · . For stock consistencies below 2.0%, ~se water friction values.
Stock velocity should not exceed 10 feet)s~c. for stock consistencies
of 3.~% or lowe.. r; for consisten.cies higher lhan3.0%, maximum stock·
velocity should be 8 feetisec. · .. . . . ·
. .
The 'friction loss curves are based on nbleached, ·unrefined soft-·
 I~ lngersoll·Dresser Pumps · Cameron Hvdraulic Data
.·· ·~ .

. ',, ' . . . . ' . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .

__ ....,_ - ~· -·- ... -. . ·-
·Friction .-Factors· .for. . Stock
.

·. .
Flow·
.,
in Pipes :

Friction
. . Factor~"f''
. . ·.

0
co
q
0.
It)
q
0
""'
0 .
0
(')'•
q
0
N
q
0
-ooo
"f"
qq qq q q
FACTOR
oim .... o·
co It)·~
o o
q
·
o
M
q
N
0
q -
0
q

I
....
It)

0
N -~

0
(')

....
..,l-+-~'~~~~--·+-~4---+--~~~,+.-+-~-+-+-:-+-+--+--+-·.·_..,.,~-+---"'-'--l ~·
.........:.: . 0
It)
It)

"'·
I. r-,.. .
co -.
0
CO;

. •' . ":I'-..... .
co 0

-
· .· -.......;,, 0
0 CD
z
..
z
'4.1
c::
0
.
' .........
.
.1
' ""'.:
....
0
0 ·11
a:
.. · r-<.. . •', .· . ~··· .
. :···'r--..,· ~
·.·"'-
0 0
N o. ....
.
N ..
i
-~·.···
0
.. i,
0 . !
C') 0
 •.. . ·.

•..h
. ~., .
, Fr ,· otion+Paper Stock
.. h,
,

•.•..
-1- .,. ---~·
Friction of Paper Stock (C~ ritinued) -
·-· .:.
--·-·---· -

'. ' ~ ·Loss in feet of water per 100 f~ of pipe

,.'
'.

. Basis unbleached sulphite pul~-air dry

;
31nch
tl'-. .
·:-~-,
I 1
I
r----~,~:fr~ M 4n pfµ~ • ": ~ t""i°~A" n

·(~.
···.,
: ;
:
-
· ..
ta' ·. .,
)
-:
i
90 1:

...(..
I •
-- ..
- } I.

•
!
A ~I
-· w
/ II'

. ~ ,,Et;
I

'-· .. ·'J
! /

·...·••••~.
80 / ~·/ ·v;~
.,{~
l

'Z • ,II:
'
I- I /. I !
:·
· -. LL .
0
--.,---+., ;
I
/
/
j

/
./ -· ...... ..,
81
'
'i
I·
) 1

" 970 / / I

•·1.
I
.'/
. ..
-

' r
./
./
... ~
- ... --
.;;> •• 1.1 M

.l•".))'
~ ·.
·~ i
./
•··"
u, :. / /
. 1.,"' I . ./ ! / / i I

•
U>60 :/ / / :

-·! U) / ! ./, »: ~ ~1 _,~ '¥. ! :

_.
0
:
/ r ' / -./' - !

.I
:3 . / / I
/ /' :
I' :
v v .
I

. . v-
-. "'
I :
" . 1

I 'Ji / /: ·/
50
I
'S
.(
j0.

} .. - I / ./ / ~ '
:
---:---
I/ I / i/ .,;,,r ;
'
''0·-~' l·J ·/ ·/ ~I""'
' .. 1 : :

· 11 r 1/; y. I ! '
11 JngersoH·Dresser Punlps · Came~on Hydraulic Dat~ ·

Friction ot Paper Steak (Continued)- ·._:

. Loss in feet of water per ftof pipe rec
Basis unbleached sulphite pulp.;..;.aird~
· · . 41nch ·

; J
4 .. "1r..M 4n1PI p.;; • ;4 n9f; r 1 n
i
! ·I
I

. 90 r--c.....;...._~_._----:'----'-'--:- __ ----,.--...,--j"---t----c--~-.,,......,,.·~:11\-1111·4
- ~,;_;_-
I-'--------.----· I . ~""' ' ", '

... ·---

- _ .

....

. .
·.
.
.
. ,··...

. ,; / / .' / 11' .: i --
,/ / / y / 1·· ,· :.;...,-i ~-·
..
._.
·,· ..···
-.
''•
: · . .· .. ··. · . · . .· · rictiori-Paper Stock

•·)
·~-;~
..

•>
• .h·'
Friction of Paper Stock (Cintinued)
·.
Loss in feet of water per 1 o o ft of pipe
.. ·.
1
I .
· .

Basis unbleachedsulphite pulp-air dry

61nch

I J
72t----c--'--t~----:-~~----r-~~hinrt:---,..-;r--h-=--:--~-+-~~
-·--·--+---
!
I .

. I- -i --- . '
""""'7 _

LL . 1·- ----
0 -i--·- -·-l----

256 i .
I-
' I
1--+----+----
LL. . -; -,-.-
.•(/) 48 r---.--'-.-'--H-'--,~---'-"'.l'f--'--~f-H__;..-~~it--ei--+-_;._---1
..
(/) . i

o:
...J
i
4Qt-7-;-7~f--~~~~~~~~~--+-----;.___;_+-~--l
!
 · I~ lngel'soll·Dresser . ; 4
. . . •. ·" c-
Pumps_·.· Cameron Hydraulic Data

---·-· ·- -------~---·:·: - -._ . Friction of Paper s·tock ·. . ·.: . . ~. - ,, ... - -.

----
Loss in feet of water pel' 1 oo ft of pipe ::. ·'. ·
. . . ti

,,
.·~·
Basis unbleached sulphite pulp~air dry··· .
8 Inch · .·4i

.
C'-.

I-
LL .
... ,· .

.. . . . .. ... ,·. . .
'. : ': l : : ;
: I

i'I,
g351--_;_--4~_;_~__;_~~~__:-+-~-,,,C.+---""--'--'-I--------- -~

' ·c>
i,..
..
. I-

J.
LL .
. '301---.---.---i.-4--'-"---A-_;__;_~~--.-~~--.-~~~~_;_~
(/) .
(/)
'. _.
0 ..

25L--_;_~~_;_~~~~,,c.___:~~-4--.-_;_~~~ ..
 ..·-~ ·' Frictiorr-Paper Stock

.) ~)
.

_ -,.- _. Eriction of Paper Stock Continued)

··.~.-··" "· . Loss in te·et of water per 100 ft of pipe .

• .
... ,
,) Basis unbleached sulphit pulp-air dry
•• 101nch

·-··~- _· )
36~~----~~~---+-~~~----+-~---+-~---i
V~L · .
I
! .

. 2e~~_.._-----~7'-c---+--,,,__+.1-~-+-......,,,....,.---+-~---i
. I ..

I ,

.·. ~·· 2 41----'----J--+-,--~~--+------~+-'----,,,,,ioO~

0
0 .. _
....... . . ----.- -·- - ..
t--20 .
LL
I
 I) lngersoll·Dresser Pumps··. Cam~rcm HydrnulicData . ·
Frictlonof Paper Stock (Continued)·--~----~--

Loss in feet of water per 1.00 ft of. pipe .

Basis unbleached sulphite pulp-air·dry.·
121nch

'
-, 1-
. ·.LL.

. •.fl
•••'. riction-Paper Stock

··.)·-~
' .

Friction of Paper Stoc_k ontinued)

.. . . . ---· ..

-·· .
.

..••.• '
.i. . ,
•
1·.
·~ Loss in feet of water per 100 ft of pipe
Basis unbleached sulphite · ulp-e-alr dry

.
141nch
25~-~~---~--.r-j~----+----~~~-~
·--. '
l
i
.. J4.~ SOH. ~40~ Rl.F!E~~-- -~-~-- -·--.-- . .
1·-
- -~-· -- - --- -----· --- - ... J
..
+-!-: _
I . I
··,
\)
~--~ ~ t3.·12"4- ti>: -

·-c-+----
I
'

,..... -
 ..-:-
. . . ' . . :. . .

I~ lngersoll•DresseJ' Pillltps Crimerm1 Hyd1'aulic Da~a .

·.
.
e.a··
..• ~
. -·

-- PrlctlonofPaper Stock.(Contillued)
. .
· · · ~:

Loss in feetof v'iater per 100 ft of pipe :.· ·

. . . . . . .
.
... ~·

. ·Ii•
Basis unbleached sulphite pulp-s-alr dry -~

161nch
25-.~~~~~~~~~---"-~-:---~~~~
:. ~ ~ ~. ~ . : : : : ; . : .:· ~ : : . : : .: f ~ .=-~.·~= . t ~ -. ~ ~ . •--·
·19
; . . . . . . . . . . . - - - . .• 1

~=.-:
...-
.J ..
. :. ·1~s-riH.-40-PIPE:-·1 s.:ool?t["O. -·.~· t- ~-- ... - ·. ·~ t .· ~ . ·~-.~-.· '"'.· .

20~---_;_ -f-'.- --~- '.~ :a·/Sfc-~;:~; ~-~f )Z- ~-;~-H- . .

. .
. l

-~
r. :
..
''.

·
. ~-

t-= . ~ . -" '. : .: . . ! ... .

._. ·.
:·· ·
..:. -'.
~·
&&.. [ __ .. ·--. - : .. . 1 ..
·- ~-

••
' j ..
0 -· . ' . ..
I

t·
Q ~,
~. I .

~-'----.--~--~~~-+-~~~-'---'---+.-'--~-+-__;._.~~.
' r- · - · ·- · - .;. '. · -- -'--:-1 · · · -
.....
"9 I I . .·
.
• "•

.
···-. -··--~·
...... :.

. -; .: !
I

: .
. · ..
.. .;·. '· .:·t(·
.
.
.
.
_·i
\
-. " .: .•. -.-··.- ·' - I .. . ···'

I 15~·~~~-r~-..-.~_.___,..~~~_,_,_-'--__,~~~ .. ~ : . :

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U). '
0 -·
...J - .
..
r ,

r- .
'
t .
l-t· . . ·.- . · ...
..
 .~

riction-Paper Stock

Friction of Paper Stock (C ntinued)

Loss in feet of. water per 10 ft of pipe

aasis unbleached sulphite. pulp-air dry
181nch

E.
. , 'i ---·--·--··
~ I
LL. .____
! -·-· ·-. ----+---+-
I . r----- --~-t----+
U)1s~:~~-+--~-+-~~-v:-~-+--+----=-~~~-+----'"~
U).
g ~--
-·-·---+---
 Il 1ngersoll·Dresser P~mps . Cameron Hvdraulic Data 4
_..
Friction ·of ·Paper Stq~k (Continaed)--<. -:.·. · - - -· - ·- - - - .· c:
••
..
Loss in feet of water per 100 ft of pipe
Basis unbleached sulphite pulp-s-alr dry ·. @-·.

_..
20 Inch -~

(
---
.i
I
! .
,.
I
i .

!
I

. <•···.· .......
. · . ·.·.· . ·.·.:_.,..:i

·•. •. > ("

~ ..•. ·.•..•. ·.·.· '. ·.·.·.i\ ••

. , . I .

--- - - - JO.~---·-_· __ ··_·. ·_

.....
u, .____ . --------~---~----- -!--:
. .' .· ... ·. -:.· . ·· .· /...,

0
......
·.·'~.
' • •' ' ' • ~ ' . • ,' I • ' :

·cct·'
0 ·

... . ··-

.·.. '

. I.
I• .
 ... '., ... ,
'
:; Friction loss in fittings-c- (paper stock)
riction-Paper Stock ·

'. To determine frictional resistance of pap r stock flowing in elbows

·\·-.
··••'\ · and tees use the chart on page 3-102; thes curves are drawn for 90°
short radius elbows. To determine the fric ional resistance for either

•••·>• 90° long radius elbows or 45° elb. O\VS, m.~::ly the results obtained

•..
from the chart by a 0.8 factor. To determi e the frictional resistance

•·; ~\
of a standard tee, multiply the results ob · ed from the chart by a
1. 7 factor. The following example demon tes how to use the chart .
)--)
,•
;ind t1he1·bfrictfiona910r0esis1t1ance
. in an. 8 in. sfch3~ ul~ 4d0, short. rtadius ..
•:~) 9 o stee e ow or · . ga ons per minute o vc air. ry consis ency 3
•>.,., unbleached sulphite paper stock. Entering he chart with 900 gallons

··.,}
e::L) per minute, move horizontally to the inter ection of the 8 in. curve.
Proceeding vertically to the intersection of he 3% air dry consistency

..~)~
' curve results in a frictional resistance valu, of 1 foot; · · ... · · · ·
,\..~.
' · . ~or fit~i~gs with internal diaim~~ersdiff~ent fro~ schedule 40 steel .
) fittings, it is necessary to determine the fi[w velocity. The chart can · .
! .).
then be entered . on the velocity scale and projected upward to· the . . ·.
- -- - -intersection 'withthe consistency curves:-T ·e-frictiorralresistance-can~ ----· -
.")
•.•·1
. i,
• .l
now be read as- before. For the· various . ypes of paper stock, the
1 .· ·
· K values from the. table on. page 3-89 shoul be used as multipliers of
)
I
the frictional resistance. · · · ·
See Page 3~103 for general information o Pulp & Paper Industry. ..
·,,;!

.!)
 .·.•·.
•· · <•
1 ·~ · lngersoll Dress~r Pumps 11 Cameron Hvdraulic Data •.'· .. ·

· Friction of Paper Stock (Continued)--· -~- :~- .. ----~~--

1"hrough900 Elbows·
..".
.:
.. % AIR .· DRY CONSiSTENCY
·c·
.. . . . · ....
. 6% . 5% 4 ~% ..
3.0 ./ ~ ,,
... ~ .. ~ .,,,.
~ ~ . •.
2.0
-- ~11
c·a~·
4%
........ ~~ --
.... .... -
I;.>~%

-
I ·'I
........... 3%

,,,,
·'-
I. 0
2~%
0.8
- ... ~ ~-
-- -- -
2 % ..·
---
a~
0.6 ..

o .. s
0,4 _..,._
.... ~
0.3

..
~· .

0.2
VELOCITY IN FEET PER SECOND.
·c· ·-.·,_
··.t . -:
I· I . I .

·~·.
-~-.\
I I ', I
I 2 ·3. 4 5 6 7 8 9.
.
0 I I

- 20 ._· i·:·.. :'

.·

_ .... - 1·1

- -"'"~ ........
8000 .. ..
. ·

... .... - -~
I8

--
6000 -.... ..... II
.
..
'
16

--
.'

~ II

.· -~· ·
. :-
5000 -c-

c·ft-:
. Iii
....
... - .... ,....... I•

-. . ~
4000 14 N
.... ....
II

.... ..- .... ... 1-i.

12 ti)
......
-
....

--
II
3000
......... .... ....... '°'."". .... ....
'...

"" ..... ..... "": .... ......... ..J

<
. ·• .
·i.,.o ··~

-
1011
2000 . -·v
",
'""" ....
..... i.,.lo"' ~ ..... ""'
........
... .... ........ ... .... ... i- ..... . .,...r ,_ ....i- .... z
"" ..... ~ ... .... ... .... """ ... ....... ....... ~
t .~
I' V' 0
~ ·.. ·,
 . ·.Paper Stock Data '. ·
i :

General Information-. Pulp and Paper Industry"

Definitions of Com monly Used Terms:
Fiber(s): Cellulosic cell structures erived from the origi-
nal plantlife source or fr m previously manufac-
tured paper products; norm lly considered as water
insoluble. i

Pulp: A composite mixture of cell losic fibers constituting I

the basic materialused for prper making. .

Stock: A designation of pulp (flbersl} in process flow. In this ~

I
Section, the terms "stock"fi!r "paper. stock" denote I

pulp (fibers) and water mixt res or suspensions. This

usage exclude:s the.~resence ·. ~ non-cellulosic materials
such as fillers or dissolved s ~hds. · . . .
Consistency: Equivalent to the terms "s spended solids" or "in- ·
soluble solids." In ..this S ction, "consistency" is ·
defined. as the fiber or pulp, content expressed as a
weight pe.rcentage. o··f· a p.apr.r .stock, pulp siurry, or
pulp cake (fiber-water mixtur·es). · . . ·
Oven Dry: Abbreviated as OD ~nd signifying a moisture-free
condition of pulp (fibers). ·
 IJ lngersoll·D.-esser Pumps . Callleron Hydraulic Data

"--- ·--- ._, --~-Notes~ (-1)-·-:-Use-.OD-consistencyvalue

. . . .
. '
to obtain. OD
pulp production rate.
Use AD consistencv value to . obtain AD
·pulp production rat~. - '. · · . .
. (2) The equation constant, C, was derived by·
use. of water density value of 8.34 lb!U.S~
. gallon, the density-value at 55°F;therefore,
the: equation . is accurate. only at stock
·consistencies of 0.19C or less, .·and at a
stock temperature ,of 55°F. . · ·
Solutions of the production rate equation for a normal
. range of. stock flow; and consistencies are. shown on - · . :
the charton page 3-109. : . . . . · · .
Example: . What is the flow in us_ GPM of 5.0% OD ....
•. consistency stock equivalent to- a produc- .
· ·. tion rate of 100 short tons of.Ol) pulp per
'day".
Solutio~: ·.·. Loc~te 100 TPD val~e ~~ Y~axisandfollow .·. ·
. horizontal lin~ until it i~tersects the 5.0CK .
-consistency· line. Fallo'\\· vertical: line from
. the point of intersection' to the X-axis and •..•. ·
read 333 · US. GPM ~ .. ·. as .. · the stock flow.. ·.

••
.· .~
. . . . . . . .
····equivalent; :
••
.· .: ·-' ·:
 Paper Stock Data . I

Commonly required weight-volume r lationships are ·listed in

· Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 along with values calc lated using the equations
shown in Table 1. Constants used are:
(1) 1.388 = 2000 lb/short ton
1440 minutes/day
(2) 7.48 =*U.S. Gallons/Cubie Foot
(3) 8.34 = **lb/U.S. Gallon o water@ 55°F
(corresponding t 62.39 lb per
cu ft.)
In using the equations in Table 1 the val es for Column E should be
determined first, then proceed alphabetical y starting with Column B.

.
Table 1.·
.
~xplanation _ of Equatio

. A=% 0.D. consistency A Lb of · .0. fiber in 100 lbs of stock .

· B = 1.388 . Gal of tock per min per ton of

8 · · . fiber per 24 hours
o.o.
E
C =Ex 7.48 C Lb of .0. fiber in 1 cu ft ot.stock

. 1 1
D= =- D Cu ft of stock having 1 lb of 0.D. fiber
Ex 7.48 C
. A
E=-xl . E Lb of .D. fiber in l gal of stock
 . . - . . .

I) · lngersOll·Dresser
. .·

Pumps .
Cameron Hydraulic Data
. . ·.··.. . ·. . .. , . ,. . . . ;

. W~ight-V~lurn~ Relationships-,

co
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•••
•.
.Paper StockData
'

• :."'\

(
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..

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 I~ lngersoll•Dresser PUmps Cameron. Hydraulic
. Data ', . .

Weig·ht•VolumeR·elationshios
O..-NC')
ll'l\l'l "'
a:i a:i ai c:O
ll)
M..,IOIO,.._

a:i a:i
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CD,.._IO . ..., C')N..-00

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C'\I .... 00> ~~"':."!~ ~"":"":~"! ·N ..-oocn
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Cl)
cicic:ic:ici ci ci ci ci ci 0 c:i c:i ci c:i ci ci ci ci c:i ci ci 0 ci c:i

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.....
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ll)\1)..,..,1')
ci 0 ci ci. ci
V)
II)
I')
ci
 Paper Stock Data

Pulp and~ Paper D ta .

Relationship of Pulp Production Rate to· Stock Flow

· · At Various Stock Consistr.ncies · · · .
(T ons of P up
I per 24 H ours V ers 's U • S G P M ) . . . .
PERCENT STOCK CONSISTE NCY
> l{)
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w ..... r-, ~
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 lngersoH·Dresser ~umps .: Cameron Hvdraulic
.. . .
Data
-- . . --· --·- ----- . . . Friction of_Water
Head LossesThrough Valves and Fittings.
Head losses (hr) through valves. fittings, sudden contractions and enlarge-
ments, entrance and exit losss can be expressed in terms of the velocity
head (V2/2g) by using theapplicableresistance coefficient (K) in the equations:
h - K y2 = K(0.0155)Vz= K . (0.00259)gpm2
r 2g . ·. :. ·. d' .
· Select applicable CK) from tables ori pa~es · 3-1.11 to 3-117; select (V) for .
average velocity in pipe of. diameter required ·to accommodate fitting; see
examples on page 3-119. · · .· . . : . . · . . . . . . . . . · . . . . ·· .· .
A second method of expressing head losses (hr) through valves· and fittings
etc. is in terms of'the equivalent .length of straight pipe that Will produce
the same loss as calculated by the Darcy-Weisbach equation for straight pipe. ·
(See table on page 3-120). · · ·
The applicable equations are: .
. :. ( L)·· V2· : ·. • · ·L· ·.. .KD
. · ht - . fD 2g ; K :;:: f D ; .· • L = -f-.
where . . .· . · .
= pipe diameter=- inches · . .· .
d .. '. . .·. -. .· .
. D = pipe diameter in feet · . . · . •. · · ·. .· · . -. . .' · . ·. · . ·. · ·
·.· f= friction.factor (from chart; Page 3-11) forzone of completeturbulence,
. g = gravitational constant.-e- 3~.174ft/se(!2 ..
. hr head lossin feet of liquid . '• . · .· . .; . • ·. . . .•..... · -. ·'.
K resistance coefficient (from tables on pages 3"-111to3-120) is based on

-
· .··. testdata,or extrapolated from test datarand depends on design .. size .
.· · and type of fitting. . . ·. • · . · .· ·. . . ·• .· ·. ·.· · · .. : · . . . ·. .· · .· .
L = friction loss· in pipe fittings in. terms of equivalent length in .feet of . \';':"

·.. · straight pipe (See table ·page3-120). · · . · ·. · . · . · . ·.• · . <, •••

:1
 · Friction · Wate1~- Pipe· Fittings

Friction of Water (Continued) .

·Friction Loss· in Pipe Fittings · .
Resistance coefficient K (use in formulr hr= K :; · ·i
..,
-
~ ,
....ci
0 co c

--
..,
N
I co II! Cl
co ci ~ 0

-...."'
U)

I
....0
c:i
v
-e
N
......
ci
It)
C7>
....
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-
0

..,
- 0
I
........
c:i
cc
-e-
......
......
c:i
....0
t'loi
0
ci

-
cc

U)
C\I
e--;
- (')
cc '"
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It)
0

-..,
ci ll'i ci c-.i ci

.., ..,
-
-
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. cc O'! It) 0
ci ll'i 0 c\j ci
ti).

·w ..,
-
N
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0)
0
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~ Cb c::i ci

-
0.
N
. :J ID c::i N.
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 j,.·4.: fie
. '• . . . ..
' . . ." . ..

lngersoll~Dresser Pumps · C~meron Hydraulic Data '..-.

'8i]j1
;I
Friction-of Water (Continued}-- . ·
Friction. Losses in Pipe Fittings
Resistance coefficient K .(use in formula hr== K V2
' ' 2g r ... ·-;··
0
M
c:i
N
N
d
IO
C')
0
.a:i
,...
C!
co
M
0
OI

d
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OI

! Ii
I ..
0

·"I ~e
c.o II) C"J en ....... en =r _.....-; . .• ,....
,I..,....
M N M ..... M··-N·· N'
N
I
c:i ci ci ..... ·ci ci ci _, ~

.....
0 M
(0
II)
N ...,
N c."!o ...,
N N
N
N
N
~~·
. I c:i ci ..... ci ci c:i

_,.
Cl) 0

,.._ ...,N·
"' ...,
Cl) II) II)
"!·· N
ci ""'-· ~,
_..
0 0 ci· ci

..., ~
,.._ ....M ~· M .... ......
"'! II) N
·.·.~
ci ci ci ..... ci ci
II>
-~Ill ...,
'II>
M
I
....
co
N
M II)
N
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N
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.:-.~
c.. ~ II> ci ci ci ..... ci ci ' c:i
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iii
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ci
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ci ci .... ci
. . . --.-+-..;...o_-:-_.;....
--:-· - -·-· --·:--·-1---.,._-_- - _-_::~+_-i
__ -_-_ __-O"""__...._-__ .....,.-_-_--+-co-
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.... cn ,.._ en ...... ,.._
 Friction-Water- Pipe Fittings

. · Friction of Water (ContinJed). .

Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings
Resistance coefficient K { use in formulla h, = K
. . . . . I. \12)
~·
0
(0
~~ ~:!:!~~g:~;~:5!2~~ ~..-r').,.....,
0 CD 0 CX) N

-
ci c:io ocicicicicic:icidiciooo c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i

cc
co
N
CIJ
,.._ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c~ :g ~ ~ ~ s S! ~ ~ ~ ~

-
I
N c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i ci o o c:i ct:i ci o o o ci ci ci c:i c:i· o

,...

II
0 0 CD ~
:: N ~ :8 ~

-
I
N CO
ID 0 ci ci ci ci c:i ci c:i

0 0
g ~ ~ '!J ~ In .~ $ ~ S.. ~ ~ F3 ~ f6 ~
-
M Ol N ~ ~
c:::) 0 ci 0 ci 0 ci ci c:i ci IP 0 c:i c:i 0 0 ci c:i ci ci c:i

It)
CX) ..,. CO M CD N
_N..,.CO~
0 ci ci c:i ci -

co
M q
CIJ
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1g ~ ~ ~ ~ :; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
c:i - c:i o ci ci o ci ci ci 4o ci c:> o o o ci c:i c:i ci -

~ ~ F3 ~ ~ ~
ci ci c:i ci ci ci c:i
:n :g .~ s ~ ~ ~ .·~
~ c:i c:i c:i c:i ~·
U)OlCD<O•
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0 c:ic:ioo-

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ci 0 0 ci ci c:i c:i ci c 0 0 - ci
~ ~. ~ ~ ~
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~ ~ re ~ ~ :g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
ci 0 c:i c:i c:::) c:i ci c:i c ci - - 0 c:i ci ci ci 0 -
-----...;..._-~-- --··
I) lngersoll·Dresse~PumPs . · ·.· Cameron Hydraulic Data
- Friction of Water (Continued).
Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings
Resistance coefficient K( use in formula h,:::
: . .. . . . . . . . ·. . .. . .
K: ) · .
g
'<f
:
(\I
·1 ~
...,. "". N ' c.t?
co N '<f M

IO
I
(\I IO c.t?. 0) ,.....
N

N lri N -e. 'C')

....I
0
c.t? CD Ol ..
<'!
IX)
LO C\i. .'¢ '<f

0 0 M In
IO
u:i M .n '<f

QI ~ co ""'.. 0 .....
N u) (') u:i lri
·;;;
QI
c. M
·111
. .u

'a
Ci
I
~
(\I
::)
'.Ci
>
,..
<'! co
M
M
u:i
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iri
0·

c:
·e0 ::a.:::
.. ,.... ,....
z (\I
~··
..... Cl:!
M u:i iri ...
.,.~. : ..·.... '

~ ""'.
a>
N
..t
'<f
.,...::·
(')
u)
·'·
..<'!.. . . -·
; :·· ..

Cl:! "". ~·
'$. ...... ·c.t?
~ a>. '<f ID

('! u;i' ...cD en

(7) '<f. u:i ..

co ..
Ill
·~ ... ii> cD ,...:
 . FrictlOn~~ater~ Pipe Fittings

Friction of Water (C~ntinr d)

Friction Loss in Pipe Fitt ngs
ResistancecoefficientK (use in formu a hr = K V2 . )
..
2g .

- g
'<t
""
U)
C\I C\I
"! ,...N
: tJ;)
IO
I "! "": 0
co ll'i
,,__

-
U)

-
~
L/') C\I Ol
,... ~ ~
- ...
IO CX! ":
I
ll')
C!
N .ri
- 0 0 ,...
-
CD

co
·I
"": ": ""a:i "": ~ "": "!
ll) ...
-:
...;....

-
ll')

~.
M 0

...
- ....CX!
Co "! "": 0 ~ M -:
ai cO

ii>
.·f~ll '."" "':
......
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c:i
N
ci
··'<t
"!
Cl)
~ q
C\I
...,.... ...
t"?

GI
' a.
,__
ii>
-·
M
...
::I N
co
...
CX!. C! N.
....
Q. I Ol
'iij "': CD
"":
co.c. ,__ > ~ 0 ci c..i ,...:
N
~
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'2
0

-
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......
··
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......
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~

.. ,...
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c-.i.
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a::i ... ,·

,__
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N .. N
c-:i
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~· . ·.·
M
m ...
"':

-
t"?
N ...
C"! CQ
M
-
<"'!. ,....
ai ...
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· ·I l 1nge~SolM)resser Pump$ · •Cameron Hydraulic Pata ·
• ••
••
,..-··
-..
. ~
. Friction. of Water (Continued).~- . -·· ~-·---:- -·- . ·. •·
. Friction Loss in Pipe_ :Fittings '. .. .

••
'. · Resistance coefficient ·.· (use in fo~~ula hr= K V2
. ·. ·.. . .· 2g
,. ·.
(·
·All pipe sizes .

Fitting . · . . Description K value ·. .!:

Pipe exit . ..;J..
' . -
• -~ .• _.;_J . p-t-oje·ctrng ·
"sharp edged
. :. 1.0
.· .~,
ti:
-,-.· --,··. rounded ·

(·
.. ·· ·~

·. ·i·"
inward '. · 0.78

c
Pipe entrance . · .J..._ ·.
.·. p.rojecting .·
·,-- . ' . .
. ' . . ~ :.

Pipe entrance flush · · · · sharp edged · Q.5

... · ~ t/d ;::.; 0.02 0.28 . . ...-'

Ii .:
··- ... · _.
i---~. - .......~,....-.......;.-r:--~....;.;.. . .:. . . . .;. .......,·. .;._, ,;_;,;, ,_;,_. . r •~
·. rid · = 0.04 · 0:24 -; · · ·

··.·.rid = 0.06 0.15. ·

. rid =0.10 0.-09

. . . . . rid =.a.is & ~P o.o- ! ('·

· From Crane .Co. Tec_hnic~IPaper 41 O. ,. i . ~--

.:
....
. ,· · 1-
.: ·
.: .
:
: : ..
. .: : i .:
 · ··-··- --···

Friction- ~'~ater-.Pipe Fittings

Friction of Water (ContinuE d)
>.

"°
--
Cl)

·uo_ c.
II) c) N
~ ~ ~ g ·~
:::J
~
~o~
> ~

Q)

.
·-c.
Q.
C"l r-- N O'I r-- r-- CO 0 ll"l r-. IXl CO co ,... CO

-
N~o-:-:C'! <"=!"":<'!"':C! wcnwr--~.,,

-t -
¢ - -N~cO~ci

--
Q)

=
E
a; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
...... C'\i..,u:j.,...Q
-...,
•
en U')

-::s >-
c:i
"'C .5 MCOOCOM

=
,... - IXl .... C\I

-
~ O O - -: N ~rooco...,.,,
0 .- N -.i ll'i o o ~

-om->
VI
c
C"' 0
·- CJ
~.- ~N m<? :.,;:; ~oi ~c:i
-
...I 0 0

I
·~

c
0
o
Q) c UJ ~..;,..c?.,,,..:c:i
8? :: ~ ~ ~ cCl)
Q) 0 c 't)
't)
LL "C ·,co :::>
...
VI

I ~ . Cl) ;:: r--inMONll)

0

~=
~ ~..,, U')C\I C\I
u.
·"'C u .-NMIOc:i

·- a::J "C ca ....

(/J ::s .... M
"?
.N
-:
IO
·~,... U1
N CD CO
Q) en c .- N
~
. ...,
~
0

·-
Q.
0.. 0
0 II)

-
N N CO C7>
~· M M C!
c: . ..- N " \

Q)
F========l==:t:===l==l=~==F=f:::i:::::l=l==:i===l===F==F===#===t:==F==F==l===l=~·~1~·

--,
C) -0.;.:· ~ ~ ~ ~ :g :!"! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .... ..,, g:
...... N l")c0oii?..,:o
c: ... C\I
ca
.c: N N ..., N
~
 IJ lngersoll·Dresser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data .
. . . . .
..
·.·I
: _..
(

"'.~¢
,·--
·---··. __Frict.ioo_ of Water (Continued) :. '. .: -, .
· · Formulas for Calculating ,·'K" Factors ·

.-.
for Sudden and Gradual Contractions and Enlarg~ments
. . . . .. : .. .. . . .. · .• ~

(K values are for: v~lodty

.
in the small pipe). .
.

Gradual Contraction (Based oti velocity in sm~Upipe) <~

· c·
--·,.a.., ,.
,.
·1
I
.

.
'
d, . :f"\
I ".
31
.
'

I
I·
.
.
.. ·~ ,.·_
. . ·.· ~··
·.·

-~
~~
.·~··
~··

.~ . I
-~·
.. ·• /

. } . ··~· .J .
.t
·~ . : -r-
.: :t . .

1) 8<45°. . K . ·. · 0~8 ~irl 82·•(· 1- :ddi:)• . . : · .. :,

.· _.•. · ..... ·. ·•·.·.· -.' · .. 2··•.. . . .J .· ·-~·

~,0=- 5 2T =:»:» 45~~-~o~K-4;t.

. .
0

.. . · -. ·. . · . .: ·. . .... · . · · · . V ~
__ ~<!i3j_~ti-:~,_
d22 I · 2
----i/~ (.· c:
. . · . . · ..'. · . . . -~ '; ·._ . . -..:

·~1· t:
Gradual Enlargem~n((Based on y~locity.in ~malfpipe) .· ·
. · ·. i1'· f
 Friction- ater~Pipe Fittings
Friction of Water
Friction Loss . in Pipe Fittings

yz
Resistance coefficient .K ( use in form la hr= K -)
' . '2g

The K factors in the table below are given for use i , making estimates of friction
loss for fittings not covered in the preceding pages.

Type of fitting K value

· Disk or wobble meter 3.4 to 10

Rotary meter (star or cog-wheel piston) 10
Reciprocating piston meter . 15
Turbine wheel (double-flow) meter 5 to 7.5
Bends having corrugated inner radius. 1.3 to 1.6 times value
for smooth bend

Exainple: · Determine L (Friction. loss in ·. ipe fittings in terms of. . I·:

. '

· equivalent length in feet of straight pipe). A sume a 6" angle valve-

Schedule 40 pipe size. Select. K from table on page 3-111; select D.
· and f for schedule 40 pipe from table below here D is pipe diameter
- -:- +in-feet.: -- -- -- - - -- -- - - - ::. - - - '--- ,. . -:-- -· ~ - - - - - - -- - - - - -·- - .- ·- - ·- - -- --- ~- ·- - - -

Pipe Pipe Pipe

size· size size Pipe
inches D inches D inches size ·o
sch. 40 Feet f sch.40 Feet sch.40 inches Feet . f '

Y2 0.0518 0.027 21i2 0.2058 0.018. 10 '0.014 24 1.8857 0.012

3 0.2557 0.018 12 0.013 30' 2.3333 0.011
~. 0.0687 0.025 4 0.3355 0.017 ' 14 0.013 36'.
.: 42•
2.8333 0.011
1 0.0874 .0.023 5 0.4206 0.0.16 16 0.013 3;3333 0.010
 I~ . lngersoli·D~sser Pumps( Cameron Hydraulic Data
.····., .. · · ·.·· ... ·... ·· ,.

M MM - N' ("'JO).;: .:c, o..,-

'C 0 0 N ·in.o vi 0 0) 11> vi 0 ll'i ..,·"' M 0
c: 0)
- - - N· N M M \11 \11 IC I' CO .O'I - ""
iii

.
LJ
iii
coa:: . . .
cc CZ) "" (') -
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c\iC"ic-ill'iiO
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N ..
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N c-i ..f
N vi
~~~~re
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ll'l N- -- -M,....Ola) 0 ..... .., ,.... ......
M"'IOuJcD o MiD ai -
---.-N
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. . .N
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e
-as>
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tr
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..,
0 .
0 ·. -.
C"'l

e.e-
U) (1.) .:
ai- .. .·· :-·
· ..

... c..
-
,..._ M,..; M - CO Cll.<of M . .-. ·co ID·. . · .
,..; o <-i ,..; ci .Ocia:ioc-;:
NM M.on CO
<n-oilll
.1'(7)N"'C0
Cll<of CD. 0 ·.,,M
··· ·.
0
-·-- N . .- .,.... .. CO - MCC If)
Cl). -
- .c: .:
. "':'. N N·N

·-e ·-en c: cc IC ..,.

...
tDo;.,,,--

·- -
.- ·co ,...._ "' ~ . Ill C"'l cc ,.... .,,..
U)
en-
~
.:-"'5 iiig. N 10 Ill.IC -
o 11'.l M ""M ·· ooC\lo

·-=c: ...en0
.,.; u:i a:i - c-i ,....ciiriC"it'.i C"i,.. oi . ..f c\i a:i «i. - ... oU'>
-.NNM . .., &l'IM..,..,I() co o,,.. ,.._en ~II; II

;:· ... 0)1"),..;_&l'I

..·a...
in "" M ,.._ ,..._ COMC:OcDO· MMCtl"-1' ll'>M"'M
a:i ci N ·u; ...: o
.·-.., co°'
NM..tll'lu:i ltlM...:.oi.., C\i
--
(1.) (1.) CD-.i,._ N,,._·N
c:. - - - C'\a':. 'NC"'J"lf."lfin I0 ........ 0)-

-
(1.)

I - I

·-c:·-
.-
.-
N ·I() 0 Ill
.;.. N Ol .0- MM·(').- 'N MO>-,....U>
._
0.., _ . ...J
~- _M ..,,..; u:i a:i ol'illiolli 0 oi .ci oi .ti •.0-<i..,C'?O
Qi. I
. ---NN MM in .Ill 10 ,..._·CD en.-
. . .... <of

.. "
.. ',
. Friction Water-Pipe Fittings
·.)- ~
~-

Friction of Water (Conti11ue )

..•·""
·--·,
.. ..,,,
. !
Resistance of Valves and Fitti~9 to Flow
of Fluids in Equ~a!e~tLengtti\ f Pipe

•..
· .· :-r. . Exampl : The dotted line shows
_;
. t\i that th . resistance of a 6-inch
;==.\ ·
·'_-·",-:
:Li
Standar · Elbow is equivalent to
............... ~ approxi ly 16 feet of 6-inch
··;. Stan Pipe .
.. :i' ; :> o'. Note: F r sudden enlargements or

··-'\·
.)
' . · sudden· contractions, use the

·--
-~· Globe Valve, Open __ Gare v3Jn: smaller diameter, d, on the. pipe

·!·~~)
cu±('' _1_. M ClosrJ sizes le ...

•·:_:.:. n .-- ·- Closed

I/> . .
.'~~~Closed
···.· ,..--,-- Fully Open

. -lfBd- -so

.
• . ?··
•::;·
e::~
.,)
}
.
· . ·
!/
i· .
I
Standard Tee

- :
,: Square Elbow
.

UI3 . . 30----t-30

•b . . · . ··.~/1 1-I/ 20.

100·
Swing_C_h_e-ck- . Valve,'
/ · ·.
j;·f_E~
. 11 . ~.: &;
14
. foully Open . · Borda Entrance 50 ~ ·
12
I .' -; t ...
/i +df ot- JO.~
"v JO
.c
.-
c. 9
-IO ;
...c..e
 Il 1ngersoll·D~sSer Pump$.. ·. Cameron Hydraulic Data .1·-: ,.
·Friction Losses=-Yalves and.'..

•
·~
Fittlngs-s-Yiscous Liquids . ·•·
. ·. ·. . . '• . . .·.. .· .::' .·. ' ... . .

Very little reliable test data on losses through Valves and Fittings
for viscous liquids 'is available. In ~the absence. of meaningful data
.some engineers assume the flow is turbulent and use the equivalent
r· s
·P
..
length method; i.e. wherefrictienIosses through valves.and.fittings J

are expressed in terms of'.equivalent length ofsttaightpipe (see . ~!A

. pages 3-120 and 3-121). Calculations madeon the basis ofturbulent 'f' . _.
i. c
·•·.flow will give safe results since.friction losses.for turbulentfloware
higher than for laminar (viscous)·. flow. - ·· ·
'j .et
. > >· . .

f i~
. Miscellaneous Forh).ula~
.1· 1· '· 41t,
.,.,
l;:
.Discharge of.fluid through valves and fittings:· . -. ·? · ,_ .
. . gal per min . 19.65 d2 ~

. This equation may be used for determining the· flow in a system if' - '
. K is the sum of all the .resistances in the system 'including entrance / ft .
and exit losses. · · · · · · · · .
I \
I

SECTION 4 -
PROPERTIES OF ....
~ .
LIQ:UIDS :: t ;
.
!
i .

:,·. .
I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps '. Cameron H. ydraulic Data . !• • •ti-
t fl
CONTENTS OF SECTION 4 ~·j·-.=·
·.1-c:
. Properties of Liquids .}~
!" . ..

Density information· .. ; ; -
Page
-. 4-3
1_-. ·f·t. ·.!;· ·~
4. 4 f ti
·re
Propertiesof water ·
Density= specific gravity data ·.·
- AP l seal es . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . ·~ ~ .. ; ; . . . . - ~ · ~ . • ~. . . . . . . . . . . . 4~6
· · Properties of sodium and calcium chloride . • 4 .. 10 · .·If•: .
.·~- •C"
. Properties. of caustic .soda ~ ~ .. ., •· 4~11 :. . . ..

·.· ...

Densities of sugar solutions· . : > •.•.. ·~ · ~ .••..... 4-.13 . · '

Specific gravity ofpetroleum vs. temperature . ,: ....•...... 4-.14
Specific gravity of hydrocarbons· .. ~· ·. < •· . ·~ . : 4~15
. Specific gravity of miscellaneous liquids·
Specific gravities of aqueous solutions ....• ~ .. _
~ · •..... ; .. 4'-16
4-17
'~:·
Specific gravities:
.
. . .
. .
of refrigerant. liquids
Vapor pressure information -
Vapor pressure of gasolines
.

~
. '·
. . '

. .

·~·
.
:.
.....• ;
..

. . . ",
.

~· ~ ~ .,
. .
·. ~ ~
..
4-J8 · _
.

4:..19 .
·11:.,
.Vapor pressure of hydrocarbons · .• , .•. • ...•. ; . -. · _. 4-~0. _ .. ' 11~
 Ploperties _of Liquids

Density Informati ·
The DENSITY of a liquid is the amount o mass of that liquid Ob,
kg, g) contained in a unit of volume (ft3, g . , m", cm", etc.). Thus,
the units of density are lb/ft3, Ib/gal., kg/m3, /cm3, etc.
Because gravity exerts a force called "w ight" on a given mass,
. the terms "weight density" or gravity of a li4uid are often used.*
. The SP~CIF_IC GR~VIT!'.of a liquid is it' density relaiiue xo that
of water; 1.e., its density divided by that of water. The water tem-
perature for this purpose is usually 60°F {l$.6°C) where its density
· is 0.9991 g/cm3 (Page 4~4)·. ·· · 1 · · · ·

For some purposes a water temperature of 39.2°F (4°C) is used

·as a base of reference which is its point of m ximum density, namely·
1.000 g/cm3; for other purposes ·a water temperature of 68°F (20°C) ;

may beselected as a base of reference .. The ~ase temperature of 60°F . i

I

. (i5.6. ~C).is ?ften specified t.ogeth. er .wi.·t·h.th~t.otthe li~u.id whose specific I·.
gravity is involved. Thus, 140°F water with density of 0. 9832 g/cm3
of
. has a specific gravity at 140°/60°F 0.9841 ( 0. 9832/0.999°I)~

_· .· It.· can. bes. ~epthat

t~es~ec . ifie.d gravi. t·y o~ ~. liquid.· is about.· numeri-
cally equal to its density m g/cm3 -. Measunfg methods have led to
": other density units, such. as degrees .API o . degrees Baume, which
· 1 ~- lngersoll·Dres~er Pumps . Cameron Hydraulic Data

' '

Properties of Water a~· Vari.ous Temperatures

Pressure
of . : ... :··. Density· Tempera-
saturated · Specific volume specific wt .Conversron Kinematic ture
Temp vapor. factor viscosity
F lbtin2 abs W'tb gal lb fb:ft' ·g1cm' lt;tb·in' centrstoxes ' 'F ~c
32 0.08859 ,' 0.016022 o.i199 '62.414 o.9998 2:307 1.79 .;. 32 0
33 0.09223 0.016021 0.11.98 '62.418 0.9999 2:307 .,
. ', 1.75 33 0.6
34 0.09600 0.016021 0.1198 .62:418 0.9999 2~307 1.72 34 . 1. 1
35 0.09991 0.016020 •' 0.1198 . . 62.420 0.9999 2.307 .·. 1.68 35 1 .7
-.
36 0.10395 0.016020 0.1198' 62.420. 0.9999 2.307· 1.66 36 '2.2
37 0.10815 0.016020 0.1198 · ·. 52;.ii20. '0.9999. '• 2.307··· ·1.63 3i. 2.8
38 0.11249 0.016019 0.1198 .· 62.425 1.0000 ···2.307' -. 1.60 38 3.3
39 0.11698 .: 0.016019 ; '0.1198 .· 62.425 ' ', 1.0000. -2.307 ,.·
1.56 '··.·· 39 .3.9
40 0.12163 0.016019 O.J 198 ' 62.425 ·.·_.·. 1.0000 ' 2.307 1.54 ' 40 ', 4.4

41 0.12645 '0.016019 0.1198 62.426 1.0000 2.307'

'
1.52 . 41 5
42 0:13143' 0.016019; 0.1198 62.426. .1.0000 '. ': 2.307 1:49. ., ·. . 42 5.6
43 0.13659 0.016019 0.1198 62.426' ··1.0000·· 2.307'· . .:'. 1:47> ,' ' 43 · 6. 1
44 0.14192 0.016019 ' 0,1198' 62.426 ·. .1.0000 .. 2:307' 1.44' ... '·44 .·. 6.7
45 " 0.14744. 0.016020 0.1198 62.42 '0.9999' 2.307 .: t.42 ·•.45 · 7.2
''

46' 0.15314 ; 0.016020' '0.1198 . ·. 62.42 0.9999 .•.•. 2.307•• 1.39 46' 7:8
47 0.15904 0.016021 0.1198 •. 62.42; ,' > 0.9999 ' 2.307 .. 1.37 ·.; ', 47 .8.3'
48 0.16514 '0.016021 0. 1.198 .62.42 0.9999 .· 2.307 1.35 .· . . · 48 8.9
1.33 .". ·. ·
',

49 0.17i44 ; 0.016022 0.1198' 62.41 .0.9998 2.307 49 9.4

50 0.17796 0.016023 '0. 1199 ,' 62.41 . 0.9998 2.307 ' 1.31 so 10
"
',· 2.307
51
52
' 0.18469 '
0.19165
0.016023
0.016024
·.
0.1 t99
o. 1199
'62.41
62.41
'0.9998 .•
0.9997 · 2.307 . ,• 1.28
' 1.26 .:
' 51
52
.10.6
'11.l
53 0.19883 .· 0.016025 0. 1199 62.40 0.9996 2.308 '., 1.24 .-· . ,' 53 ' 11. 7
54 0.20625 0.016026. 0. 1199 62.40 0.9996 2.308' 1.22' ' 54 12.2
55 0.21392 • '• 0.016027 0 1199' 62.39. 0.9995 '2.308 '1.20 .· . 55 '12.8

56 0~22183' 0.016028 0:1°199 . ,62.39 0.9994 ,' .• 2.~08 1.19 '•

56. 13.3
57 0.23000 · 0:015029_ .· 0.1199 ·. 62:39. .0:9994 '· -. · .' 2:308 ; 1. 17 57 ,13;9
58 0.23843 '0.016031 0.1.199 ' 62.38 ' 0.9993 .i: ·2.308 1.16 58 14.4
0>1199 ' 0.9992 .:
~: ··•1'·:·1:_: · . .
. r.:1-71 ;r '" ·r

.
'!p roperties
,.:, : ·.· -'.

of Liquids
•. ~J·
'
, .

... l
:
· ..

-:.~f •.
"
:
- ..

•.
.
Properties of Water at Various Tempe ratures (Continued)

•rJ
·~.~<~,
Pressure·
';. of Density
saturated Specific volume specific wt. · Con,.~;o" Kinemati'c Temperature
·'.·,:.'~ Temp· vapor fact r viscosity

~=
F lb1in2abs ft3/lb gaf!fb lb/ft3 ·g1cm" ft!lb/ln2 centistokes "F . ·c
200 , 1.526 0.016637 0.1245 60.11 Q..9628 0.31 200 93.3
210 14.123 O.CTl6705 0.1250 59;86 D..9589 0~9 210 98.9 .

•n
•< ·,,
·'·:-' 212 14.696 0.016719. . 0.1251 . 59:81 0.9580 212 100.0
~b 220
230
17.1'BD
20.n9
0.016"5 0.1255
0.016849 -, . 0.1260
59.61
59.35
0.9549
0.9507
2.4 6
2.4 >6
220
230
104.4
110

.-~:;
.. •. .,
240 24.968 0.016926 . . 0.1266 .·59.0B 0.9464 2.4 7 240 115.,,6 •

'2' 250
260
29.825.
35.427
0.017006
0.01-7089.
0.1272
0.1278
58.80
58.52
0.9420
0.9374
2.4• 9
2.411
0.24 250
260
121. 1
126.7
•. !'": 270 41.856 0.017175 0.1285 58.22 0.9327 2.413 270 132.2
....
,
A
280
290
49.200
57.550
0.017264
0.01736·
0.1291
0.1299
57.92
57;60
0.9279
0.9228
2.4$6
asec
.·280
290
137.8
143.3 :

·II!
,. :
300 67.005 0.01745 0:1305 57.31 0.9180 2.5 3 0.20 300 148.9

·j·.
'v •

. 310 77.667 0.01755·•· 0.1313 . 56.98 0.9128 : . 2.5:>7 310 154.4.

..,,
·)· 320 '89.643 0.01766 0.1321 56.63 . 0.9071 . 2.5•+3 .· 320 .160
•,.
330 . 103.045.· 0.01776 ': 0.1329 56.31 . 0.9020 .. 2.5;7 . 330 165.6
()··. 340"• 117.992 0.01787 0.1337 . 55.96 0.8964: 2.5 , -.3. 340 . 171. 1
~·· .
·. .
~ . 350 134.604 0.01799 . 0.1346 55.59 · o.8904 0.17. 350 176.7
- .. 2.5?1
;} 360 153.010 . 0.01811 0.1355 '55.22 o:sa45 2.6(18 360 182.2 ·"

·~y
•,:_; . . · 370 173.339: 0.01823. 0.1364 . 54.84 0.8787 370 187.8
. ,,, 380 195.729 54.47 2.~5 4.
. 2:
0.01836 0.1374 0.8725 I 380 ·. 193.3
)'.
6"~.:
.
390 220.321 0.01850 0.1384 54.05 0.8659· 2. I 4 390 198.9
.>' 400 247.259 0.01864· 0.1394 . 53.65 0.8594' .· 2.6~4 0.15 400 204.4

..·l·
410 276.694: 0.01878 . 0.1404 s3:25 0.8530 2.704 410 392.2
' - . ;,;i: . 420 . 308.780 0.01894. 0.1417 52.80 0.8458 2.727 . 420 215.6
•"f. . . 430 343.674. 0.01909. .0.1428 52.38 0.8391 2.7~9 .· . 430 221.1
.., 440. . 381.54 ., 0.01926 .
..
·0.1441. •' 51.92 ·.D.8317 2.173 440 226.7
~·.1" 450. 422.55 0.01943 0.1453 51.47 .0.8244 2.7~8 0.14 450 232.2
.... :~ . 460 466.87 .. 0;01961 0. 1467 '50;99. 0.8169 2.sg4 460 237.B.
. . 514.67.
•'

' 470•. . 0.01980 . 0,1481 50.51 . 0.8090 2.8~1 . 470 243.3'

·'
I
. ..

••
·~
..

~ lngersoll·Dresser ·Pumps Cameron Hydraulic

., Data 6i
. : . ·. . . -·

4
.. :
:

Pounds per gallon. and. specif.ic gravities corresponding

to degrees API at60°F · ..

ti
·'

141.5 ...
Formula~sp gr=
131.5 + 0API
•c:·
,.

Deg
Tenths of Degrees··
tj

.:·
API 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 :
8 9 ·.··~
10 8.328 8.322 8:317 8.311 8:305 8.299 .8:293 . 8."287 . 8.282
1.0000 8276
.9993 ~9986 .9979 .9972 ·.9965 .9958 .951 . ,9944
11 .: 8~246. ·. · .9937
8.270 8.264 8.258 8.252 8.241 8:235. 8.229 . 8:223.
. ~9923 s:210
.9930 .9916 .9909 .9902 . .• 9895 . ;9888 .9881 . ;9874 .· .9868
.I''
c:
12 8.212 .' 8.206. . 8.201 . 8.195 . 8.189 :• 8;183 8.178 8.172 .
'••

8.166 .8.161
.9861 .9854 .9847 .9840 .. 9833 .9826 .9820 .9813 :9806
13 8.155 .9799
8.150 8.144 8.138. 8;132 8.127 a.122 8.116 .. 8.110 8.105

••.~
.9792 .9786 .9779 . 9772 .9765 .. · .. 9759 .. 9752. .·.9745 . . 9738 .. 9732
14 · 8.099
.9725 •'
8.093
.9718.
8.088
.9712
.8.082 8.076 8.071 aoss 8.061 8.055 8.049
I
I·
.9705 .. 9698· .9692 .9685 '•:' .9679 :9672 : .9665
•·
8.044',
15 ·8.038 ·. 8.033 8.027 a.021: a.Q16 . a.on. ·a.cos

._.
~.000 7.995
.9659 .9652 ... 9646 .. 9639 .9632 .9626. .9619 . . 9613 .9606
16 7.9a9 7.984' 1:918·. .9600
7.973. ':7.967 .· 7.962 7.956 · . 7.951 .· 7.946 :.• . 7.940
.9$93 .9587 •. . .95SO .. 9574 .9567 · . ;9551 .. 9554 ·.9548
I
.9541 .9535 ii

•c
17 7.935 7.930 7.925 7.919 7.914 7;909 7.903 .
7.898 7.893 7.887
.9529. .9522 .9516 .9509 .. .9503 · . . 9497. .9490 " ,.9484 .. 9478
I
18 7.882·.··
;9465.
7.877
.9459
7.871
.. 9452 .:
7.866.
.. 9446
7.861
.9440
7.856
.. 9433
: 7.851
·: . . 9427
7.846.
.9421
i.84 t .
.9415
.9471
7.. 835
· .. 9408
.I I
' .~··.

19 7;830 7.825 .: 7.820. 7.814 7.809 . . 7.804 •.· .7.799, . · . · 7.788.

:
.>, 7.793 '7.783 .. I.
.9402 .9396 .9390 .9383 .9377: .937L

-
· .. 9365 .9358 . 9352 .9346
20 7;778. 7.773. 7.768 7.762 .7.757 . 7.752
J
7.747 . 7.742 7.737 7.732 I
:9340 .9334 .' .9328 .9321 .. 9315 · .. 9309
21 7.727.·.•. 7 .. 122 -. · 7.117 7.706 .
<9303 .9297·· .9291 .• .·.9285 I
.7.711 7.701 1.696 7.691. .· 7.686 7.681
.9279• . . 9273 . 9261 . ;9260 . .. . . 9254
!
.9248 . ;9242 .. 9236 .... 9230 . . '.9224.

I
22 7.676. 7.671 7.666 7.661 7,555 7.651. 7.646 . .7.641 . 1.636 · .. 7.632
. 9218 .9212 . .9206 .9200 .9194 . ·,: .9188 .· .9182 : ~9176 .9170 .
23 7,627 .
" .9165
7.622 7.617 7.612 . . 7.601 '·t.602 7.597. 7.592 . 7.587 I
.9159 . : .9153 .7.583 . I
.9147 -. 9141 .9135 .9129 .9123 .9117 .. 91 li -'. .9106
\,0 .•\

24 7'.57.8. 7.573 7.566. 7.563 7;558 . ·.· 7 -:554 .. 7.549 .· 7.544 ., 7.539 7.534 . I
:
.9100:
25 7.529
.9094
:' 7.524
. 9088
7.519 7.514
.9082 .9076 ..
7.509.
.. 9071
7.505
· .. 9065
. 7.500 7.495'
.9059 .9053 .
7.491 .,
.9o47
7.486
! .ta
. '

26
:9042. .. 9036
1:481 ... ·.. 7.476
.9030 . 9024' ~9018. ;9013 •. 9007 . .' .. 9001 ''.8996 .8990 i
7.427 7.467 . 7.462. 7.458 ·. .. 7.453· . · 7'.448 ·. 7.443 7;438
•6J '
.,
· truperue:;
I . ·.
01. LHJ.Uiu:-:s
.
ft1 ' --._I
' . ',- . ,• .

•. I ,I
.,.
~~: Pounds per gallon and specific graiities corresponding
to degrees API at 60°F ( ·ontinued)

~·I of Degrees
!)•!
Tenths.
Deg
API 0 , 2 3 4 5 6 7

.,.-~l
8 9
42 6.790
fll-i
6.786 6.782 6.779 6.775 6.771 6.767 6.763 6.759 6.756
.8155 .8151 .8146 .8142 .8137 .8132 .8128 .8123 .8118 .8114
43 6.752 6.748 6.744 6.740 6.736 6.732 6.728 6.724 6.720 6.716
~-, .8109 .8104 .8100 .8095 .8090 .8086 .8081 .8076 .8072 ..8067
44 6.713 6.709 6.705 6.701 6.697 6.694 6.690 6.686 6.682 6.679
' ) .8063 .8058 .8054 .8049 .8044 .8040 .8035 .8031 .8026 .8022
45 6.675 6.671 6.667 6.663 6.660 6.656 6.652 6.648 6.645 6.641
l_)J .8017 .8012 .8008 .8003 .7999 .7994 .7990 .7985 .7981 .7976
46 6.637·. 6.633

•••.,~
I
6.630 6.626 6.622 . _6.618 6.615 6.611 6.607 6.604
.7972
~I
.7967 .. 7963 .7958.

•·'")
'"" ! .7954 .7949 .7945 .7941 .7936 .7932
47 6.600 ·S.596 6.592 6.589 6.585 6.582 .6.578 6.574 . 6.571 6.567
.7927 .7923 .7918 .7914 .7909 .. 7905 .7901 .. 7896 .7892 .7887
48 6.563 6.560 6.556 6.552 6.548 6.545 6.541 6.537 6.534 6.530
.7883 .7879 .. 7874 .7870 .7865 .7861 ·.7857 .7852 .7848 .7844

II·
49. 6.526 6.523 6.520 6.512 .

·~·. ·
6.516 6.509 6.505 . 6.501 6.498 6.494
.7839 .7835 .7831 . .7826 .. 7822 .7818 .7813 .7809 7805 .7800
•) -·.· .
50

51
6.490
.7796
6.455
6.487
. ;7792
6.451
6.484

·6.448
~nee
6.480
.7783
6.445
6.476
.7779
. 6.441
6.473
. · .7775
6.437
6.469
.7770
6.434.
6.466
.7766
· 6.430
6.462
.7762
6.427
6.459
.. 7758 .
6.423
. 7753 .7749 .7745 ,7741' . . 7736 ~7732 .7728 .7724 .7720 . .7715
•. J
52 6.420 . 6.416 6.413 .. 6.410 .6.406 6.402 6.399 6.396 6.392 6.389
. 7711 .7707
.,') .7703 .7699 .7694 .7690 .7686 .7682 .7678 .7674

.).,.~·
53. 6.385 6.381 6.378 6.375 6.371 6.368 . 6.365 . 6.360 6.357 .· 6.354
.7669 .7665 .7661 .7657 . .7653 .7649 .7645 .7640 .7636 .7632
;:~ 54 6.350. . 6.347 6.344 6.340 6.337 6.334 6.330
I·
6.326 . 6.323 6.320
.7628 .7624 .7620 .7616 .7612 .7608 .7603 .7599 .7595 .7591
55 6.316 6.313 . 6.310 6.306 6.303· 6.300 6.296 6.293 6.290 6.287.
.7587 .7583 .7579 .7575 .7571 .7567 .7563 .7559 .7555 .7551
.' 56 6.283 6.280 6.276 6:273 . 6.270 6.266 6.263 6.259 6.256 .6.253
... 'j 57
~7547
6.249
.7543 .. 7539 .. 7535 .7531 .7527 .7523 .7519 .7515 .7511

:'.
6.246 6.243 6.240 6.236 6.233 6.229 6.226 6.223 . 6.219
.7507 .7503 .7499 .7495 .7491 .7487 .7483 .7479 .7475 .7471
58 6.216 6.21'3 6.209 6.206 6.203. 6.199 6.196 6.193 6.190 6.187
.7467 .7463 .7459 .7455 .7451 .7447 .7443 .7440 .7436 .7432
59 6.184. 6.180 6.177 6.174 6.170 6.167. 6.164 6.161 6.158 6.154
:~ 60
.7428
6.151 .
. 7424 .7420 .7416 .7412 .7408 .7405 .7401 .7397 .7393 .
6.148 . 6.144 6.141 · 6.138 6.1~5 6.132 6.129 6.125 6.122
.7389 .7385 .7381 .7377 ,7374
 Il 1ngersoll DresSer ~ulllps · Cameron Hydraulic Dafa
0

·- 1-:·
.~ ..~..
Pounds per g~llon and specific gravitie·s corr'esponding. .
· to degre.es API at _60°F (Continued) · · «:
~~y
1s
0
5.703 -, 5.101.
2
5:698
3
5.695 ·
T~nths of D~grees · ·

'
5.693 ·
5
5.690
6
5.687. ·
7
5.685.
•
5.682
.9
5.679
·fra
2.. .

76 5:~~2
.6819 .
5:~;9
.6816
s:.6813
~6 5~~~~2
· .. 6809
5:=9
:6806
. s1~ 6
.6803.
5::ii2
. ;6800
5::~9
.6796
5::~6
'. 6793
· 5.~~~3 .
.6790
·~
~~
77 5.i>49 5.. 646 5.643 5.641 . 5.638 5 635 . . 5.632 .: · 5.630 5 627 5 624
.6787 · .6783 .s1so .6n1 . · .6n4 :6110 .. ~ .6764 :67s1 . :6757 . . -. . .
10 5.622 5.619 • 5.617 .· 5.614 5.611 5.608 ..... 5.606 . 5.603 -, · 5 . 6670208·• 5.598 :: . a.
79 5 :~;~2
.6754 .6751
5:~~~9.
.. 6748
:~~;3
.6745 :6741 .6738 .· .6735 . .6732 :6725 ..

=
5:~~~6 5 5:~~69.

80 5.568 . 5.566 5.563 . 5.561 5.558

5:~~~6

5.556
~:~~g3
5.553 .
. ·5:~Voo ·
5.550 . ·
5:~~~7
5.548
·
5:~~~3
5.545
'· ·-.·~-

.6690 .. 6687 .. 6684 .6681.. .6678 .6675 .6671 .. 6668 :6665 . . .6662 .·.· . fi

. 81 5.542 . 5:540. . 5.537 5.534 5.532 5.529 5.526 . 5.524 ,·. 5.522 ' 5.519 .~ . '.
i. . .
fP
.6659 .6656 .6653 .6649 .6646. .6643 .6640 . · .. 6637 .. 6634 •. 6631
· ·82 5:~~~8• · ~:~~~5 •. 5:~~~1 5:~~~~ 5:~~~5 ·. 5:~~~2- .r 5:~~b9 5:~~g6: · s::~~
3 ·. · 5:~o 1 <

s::~r ·
83 5.491 5.489 5.486 . 5.483. 5.480 5.477 . 5.475 .5.472 .• . 5.470 5.467 .~
5::~~ 5::~~1 .' 5::;:8 5::~~4 5::;;1 5::~~8 . 1 ::;~5 · 5::~~2 5;~~9 . : . ;· · · · ,
1·
84 4
.6566 .. 6563 · .. 6560. .6557 . '.6554 .6551 .6548 .6545 .6542 .6539 : . ....
BS 5.440 5.437 .. 5.435 5.432 5:430 5.427 5.425 5.422 5.420 5.417 ....
. 6536 .6533 .6530 .6527 .6524 .6521 .6518 .6515 .6512 .6509 '
86. 5.415 5.412 5.410 5:4ci7. 5.405 5.402 5.400 . '5.397 5.395 5.392 '
.C _ _ _ _ ~6..5.0.6. _ · .6503 .6500 . .6497 .6494 .6491 .6488 .6485 .6482 .6479 I

87 . 5.390 -5:-38-r - -5:-385- · "5:"3e'2 - - ·5:3acr - - 5.377": - - 5-:315- - - 5:372- ·- -5;a10- - --5;-36-7 - - · - - - - +. - - -· _
;6476 .6473 .6470 .6467 .6464' . .6461 .6458 .6455 .6452 .6449 . ;
ea 5.365 5.363 • . 5.361 · . 5:35B · . 5.356 5.353 5.351 5.:J48 5.346 5.343 . . .. .
.6446 .. 6444 .6441 .64.38 .:6435 .. 6432 .6429 .6426 .6423 .6420 -
89 5.341 · 5.338 · 5.336 · . s.334 s.331 · 5.329 . 5:326 5.324 5.321 · 5.319 · · , · r1
.. 6417 .6414 .. 6411 .. 64o9 .·_· .6406 _· .6403. ._ .6400_ · .:.. 6397 .6394 . _ · :6391 f.=. _··.-c. · __

.~· ·
90 5.316 S.3i4 5.312 .·· ·_ . . _.5_ ..3631080 5.307 5.305 ... 5.302 .. 5.300 5.297 . 5,295 . . .
. . 6388 .638$ .6382 ~ . • ~6377 ' .6374 :6371 .6368 .6365 . .6362 . ;
· · 91 5.293 5.291 5.288 .5 . . 268365·1_ 5.283 5.2EP . 5.278 . 5.276 . 5 .. 274 -. . 5.211 di._
. 6360 . ' .6357 . .6354 .6348 .. 6345 ' .6342 .6340 .6337 .6334 .. ,
92 5:~~~1 . 5:~;8 5:~~~s 5:~;~3 5:~~~ 0> 5'.~~~1 s:~~~/ s:~;~1 f\~~g9 5:~;~ :. .:
 P operties of Liquids
. . I .
Pounds per gallon and specific gravir•e.s corresponding
to degrees API at 60°F (Co t1nued) ·.
. .
. .

·-ll·.::,·,1 · Deg
API 0 1 2 3
Tenths of Degrees

4 5 6 7 8 9
108 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.9' 4.91 4.91 .91 4.91 4.90 4.90
•·;;,.-;} 109
.5908 .5906 .5903 .5901 .5898 .5896 .5893 .5891 .5888 .5886

'()I
4.90 4.90 4.90 4.89 4.89 4.89 •t.89 4.89 4.88 4.88
.5884 .5881 .5879 .5876 .5874 .5871 I .5869 .5867 .5864

r~·s
110 4.88 4.88 4.87 .5862
4.67 4.87 4.87 4.86 4.86
•r;,1 r-87 4.86

•hi
.5859 .5857 .5854 .5852 .5850 .5847 .5842
111 .5840 .5837
4.86 4.86 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.84 4.84 4.84

·(~
•.. I .5835 .5833 .5830 .5828 .5825 .5823 .5821 .5818
112 4.84 .5816 .5813
4.84 4.83 4.83 4.83 4.83

r~ ~
·r·): .83 4.82 4.82 4.82
.5811 .5909 .5806 .5804 .5802
-t-'·<:
.57-99 .5797 .5794 .5792 .5790
113 4.82 4.82 4.82. 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 4~80 4.80
. 'i .5787 .5785 .5783 .5780 .5778 .5776 [.5773 .5771 .5768"
114 4.80 .5766
4.80 4.80 4.79 4.79 4.79 4.79 4.78 4.78

.,
.5764 . 5761 .5759 .5757. .5754 .5752 . .. 5747 .5745 .5743
er'.::) 115 4.78
.5740
4.78
.5738
4.78
.5736
4.77 4.77 4.77 .77 4.77 4.76. 4.76
,,r) 116 4.76
.5717
4.76 4.76
.5733
4.76.
.5731
4.75.
.5729
4.75 . .75.
.5726 .5724
4.75
.5722
4.75
.5719
4.74
.5715 .5713· .5710 .5708 .5706" . .5703 .5701 .5699 .5696
~- 117 4.74 4.74 . 4.74 4.74 4.73 4.73 4.73

I
' 4.73 4.73 4.73
.J .5694 . 56~2 .5690 .5687 .5685 .5683 t.5680 . 5678 . .5676 . :5674

. r~,._
·"'~ 118 4.72 4.72 4.72 4.72 4.72 4.71 .71. 4.71 4.71. 4.71
. 5671 .5669 . .5667 .5665 .5662 .5660

'~
.. 5658 .5655 .5653 .5651
···) , 19 4.70 . 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.69 4.69 4.69 4.69

·~)'
.5649 .5646 .5644 ·. .5642 .5640 .5637 I
120 - -4,59 -
.5633 - .4.67
,_5~31 - - ._5628 -·-~r-·
. -l

r·,
. 4.68 . 4.68 - - - 4:68 - 4.68"" - . 4.68~ t- .. 67 .. ··4~67 . . 4.67 .
.)\ .5626 .5624 .5622 .5620 . 5617 .5615 .5613 · . ;5611 .5608
. ·· . ..' 121 .5606
4.67
f

.,
4.67 4.66 4.66 4.66 4.66" . 4.66 4.65 4.65 4.65
.560.4 .5602 .5600 .5597 .5595 .5593 .5588 .5586 .5584.
• .}) i
122 4.65
.5582
4.65
.5580
4.64
,5577
4.£>.1
.5575
4.64
.5573
4.64
.5571 .5569
4.64
.5566
4.63
.5564
4.63
.5562
i
123 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.62 4.62 4.62 .62 .
•. I.) .5560 .5558 .5556 .5553 :5551 .5549 .5547
4.62.
.5545
4.62
.5542
4.61
l
124 .5540
4.61 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.61 4.60 .60 . 4.60 4.60 I
4.60
·~~
·-:~. .5538 .5536 .5534 .5532 .5530 .5527 .
.
125 4.59 4.59 4.59 ' 4.59 .4.59 4.59
.5525
4.58
.5523
4.58
.5521
4.58
.5519 .
4.58
l
. 1··~· . Cameron HydraulicData
lngersoUmDresserPumps .. ,
.:'
.--..
. '*
., .

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) and: So~iu~ .. ~J1lo.ri~~ (~-~-~IL · .. ·

-
..

c: .
Cl

-----
0 cc co NOii.ONO> ;.... .., 0" ·~·oc:i:>\OM .:..om·r:O,.._
·-N ·-c: II) (')
c\i c:i cri ,...: IC 111c-le>i...:ai a:ir..:cci-ic-l c-i...:oia:i,...: i.ciiric.;C\i...:
Q) 0: U. M (') N N C\I NNC\IC\I -
~ c.

·!:
u.

-5c:0.
<:a= .;,ai<C~ MMt--COC\I ,.._'<fNOOI minNom ccr--,....coco .cc . o-.

Ii
•• m·- cc (C Ill .., MN-00 O> ·O> O> O> co CCO'l·O-.- .. NM..,.<C,.._ CD.,... IO
Z oi:i ·O..-NM -.tll)CO,.._cc como-N (':!"':~,....~mo-NM •coco
.L:i ..;o 0 c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i c:i 0 ci...;.....:.;...: -.------ ....:NNNN C\ic-.ic-.i

<•••
..J Ql en
c.

0
- - - ..-
. .-
N (')..,. ·· .\0 Co,..._ a:i OI
~ -·-:- ..... ---~

-·-
COcO•N
........
o(")....:...:iri
oi,..._&nMm
cxi c\i c6 or?
~NNMM
'lllMNNO
,..: ...:·c,; air? ·'lO<C(C<C
·.M..,...,.-.t\O
CC <C..,
u>o..;.cx;...:
.....
N ·oi Ill ~ 0 .oi O')
.,; a; r> u> c:i
:r-- ,..._CC CD·O'l
,... Ill
...;. a) c:i
OI O'l.O
e
·a...-·
~
'·•·
·"s'
(J
as .

-·
. ..,. ,.... Cl) co . ,.... ,.... co-.t-- .·o01 co o M ...,. .. ..,.co ,.... ,.._ co
........... - . . .......
0000 oooo co· CO ,..._ CO · · · lO ..,. (") N ..-
0 o...:.c\i . ri<ti
a1·
iii cO,..: a) a:i oi. c:i..: N (") · · '..i ll'i cci,..: a:i

..· · :.;.
. . . ..... _

cu.
·~
· -.:0 ·=(J=- ___ M . -' .-oicoco• N.-..,..

---~~
0,..._ll)NCJ) <C.;, ~ O> IO OHO ..,. .·· · . .,.. O'l ·,.,.: \0 (")
8.......
.0.-NN
.C!C!C!C!
.........
M..,. \0 \0 CO
.... .-
C! C! C! C! . C! .·~ ~ ~ ~··~ .. ;: :: ~ ~ ~. ~~~.
................~~·~ ··.~~~
- ftS ..... ..- ........... ..-
·i)·~·
"'"""'.

E cu
·-.2
'DI

...:..E
c ..... _..,.IOCO ..... C0ll)(")."CI). (? ,;._ .,... .M (').. N II) CO t-- ""Ol·IOCO~ CC CONN..,.
:J ·-· c: N...:ooia:i . ....:c0.0--ic-i ...: oi a) IO;.,: .·.Nc:i;...:..;....: ·.;.:.~a)..;,....: . ...:,..:c\ioic6..;.
~.·c;l;L- (?(")MNN. NNNNN. C'.'1--- .: ~.,.. I· I I."""'. .... NNMM""lll
0 ! Q. .· I ! i. I I I I I ·~.· ··
u. .
CU· :C

'
.. ·.

(J (J
...
o Cl)
E
:I '• =
Q).

.c
II>
Q)
a;
E .·~
. ~ ;s·
0
. e-g_:
 r_ ••.';>: •• ·• •/.-._,~~

· · P operties of Liquids
· 1

Specific Gravity of Caustic So. a Solutions · '

15°C (59°F) by Lung~
One gallon
contains
Specific Degrees Degrees Per cent Pe:r cent pounds pounds
gravity Baume Twaddell NaOH Na20 NaOH Na20
1.007 1 .0 1.4 0.61 0.47 0.051 0.039
1.014 2.0 2.8 1.20 0.93 0.101 0.079
1.022 3. 1 4.4 2.00 1:55 0.170 0.132
1.029 . 4.1 5.8 2.70 2.10 0.232 0;180
1.036 5.1 7.2 3.35 2.60
.
0.289 0.225
1.045 . 6.2 9.0 4.00 3.10 0.345 0.26d
1.052 7.2 10.4 4.64 3.60 0.407 0.316
1.060 8.2 12.0 5.29 4.10 0.467 0.362
1.067 9.1 13.4 5.87 4.55 0.522 0.405.
1.075 10.1 15.0 6~55 5.08 0.587 0.455
1.083 11.1 16.6 7.31 5.67 0.660 0.512
1.091 12.1 18.2 8.00 6.20 0.728 0.564
1.100 13.2 20.0 8.68 6.73 0.796 0.617
1.108 14.1 21.6 . 9.42 . 7.30 0.870 . 0.674
1.116 15.1 23.2 . 10.06 7.80 0.936 0.726
1.125 16.1 25.0 10.97 8.50 1.029 0.'797
1.134 17.1 . 26.8 . ',
11.84 9.18 1.119 0.868
1.142 -. 18.0 28.4 12.64·· 9.80 1.203 0.933
1.152
. 1.162
.. 19.1
20.2
30.4
. 32.4 .
. 13.55 .ro.so 1.301 r.ooa
14.37 11.14 1.392 . 1.079
,·,.·:
1.171 21.2 34.2 15.13 11.73 1.477 1.145
1 .. 180 22.1 36.0 -15.91 12.33 1.565 1.213
1.190 23.1 38.0 16.77 13.00 1.664 1.290
1.200 24.2 40.0 17.67 13.70 · 1.768 1.371
1.210 25.2 42.0 18.58 14.40 . 1.874 1.453
1.220 26.1 44.0 19.58 15.18 1.992 . 1.554
 I .I lngersoll-l>l-esser PumPs . Cameron1Iydraulic Data
--•
"'.
. . . . .

. __ Unite.d States _Standard Baume Scales

. . '• . . .· .: · .". · .. ,• . ·. '. . . . . (
Relations between Baume degrees ·and specific gravity
. Liquids heavier than water. .
' '·, ': 145 ' . ....

._.
. Formula-.sp gr=
.1e~ ~
· .· .
. . •. · 145- 0 Baume

.c
Bau me Sp Gr Baurne Sp Gr Baume Sp Gr Bau me ·Sp Gr
degrees 60°-'60°F degrees· 60°-:6crF degrees 60°,.-60°F degrees 60'-60"'f
0 ..... 1.00000 . .....
''

20 ·• •·•.•. .1:16000.' '40 .1.38095 . 60 . .... 1.70588

.....

•c••
1 ' .. : .. 1.00694 21 1.16935 41 1.39423 61 ..... 1.72619
2 . .1.01399 22 . .... 1.17886 42' 1.40777 62 . .... l.74~99'
·. 3 .. 1.02113 23 . .. . . 1.18652 43 . .... 1.42157 63

.•
1.76829.
4 .. 1.02837 "
24' ..... 1.19835 44 . .... ., ' , 1.43564. 64 ; .... 1.79012 •

5 . 1.03571 :
25 1.20633' 45 . ; ... 1.45000 -. 65 ..... 1:a1250
6 . 1.04317' 26 . . .. 1.21849 46 ~ .... &6 . ....
7 ' '1.05072 27 1.22881 47 ......
1.46465
'1.47959 67 . ....
"•
1.83544 .· -
1.85897
'8 .. : .. 1.05839
''

28 .. .. . 1.23932.· 48 ... .. . 1.49485 68 .....

9 ; : ; ~. ' 1.06618 '· 29 . . .. . 1.25000 49 ..... 1.88312

· ·~I·~
1.s10-i2 69 ..... 1.90789
10 ... : .. 1.07407 30 .... ;. 1.26087,. so ..... 1.52632 .:
"
'·•10 '1;93333.
31 ..... 51 ...
-~
oio

1.08209 '• 71 . ....

0 I
.
11 .: ' 1.27193 •,•, 1.54255 ' 1;95~6. '
12 .. 1.09023 32 . . .. . .. .. . : 72 . . .
· . ft·
1.28319 . 52 ,1.55914. ·. 1 :98630 '
33 . .. . . : 73 . .....
;

13 .. 1.09848 '1.29464' 53
''

1:57609
.14 . ~ ... 1.10687 34 . . . .. 1.30631 54 ..... .•. 74 . .....
2.01389

. : i·
1.59341 2.04225
.. ·.· :

15 . 1 .11538 .· · 35 ... .. .. 1.31818 55 1.61111 75 . .. 2.07143

.· . . . . •.•.
. ..• ..

' 16 . ; ' 1.12403 36 :. .: 1.33028 56 "1.62921' '76 . .... :

2.10145:
17 . 1.13281 37 ,·; .... '.1.34259 ,' 57 . · 1.6,4773 '• 77 2~ 13235 " · ... · ; -
. .. .
'•

18 . 1.14173 ·' .......

''
38· .....
"
1.35514 58 ·. 1.6f3667 .,
"
''

78 2.16418 . := .:...
. .
19 . 1.15079 39 ..... '1.36792 59 ..... •.• • 1.68605 79 . . .. 2.19697:
·"'":"· -

(
..,. .
.

,
'

·. . •,

Liquids· lighter than \Yater

•' ' '. ·. 140 : ' ." .··~·
. Formula-.sp gr= · .. · . • • ·

. . ... · . . . . ·. . '130. + · . . Baume

'
0
.
.'.r:<·
· '..... ...... ·"· .
 "roperties of Liquids. .!.
"·'.'·
I
I
I

. · · .·. Specific Gravities ofSugaJ Solutions . ·

Per cent sugar (degrees Balling's or Brix) wi 'h corresponding specific

gravity and degrees Baume. Tern erature 60°F

~.L
Per cent Per cent·
sugar
Balling's
I sugar
Balling's
Per cent
sugar
Balling's
or Brix Specific Degrees · or Brix Specific or Brix Specific· Degrees
SOCF- gravity Baume 60"F- gr.wity 60°F- grawtty Batrine
15.56°C 60"/SO°F 60°F 1S.S6°C 60'"/60'°F 15.S°C 60"/60"F 60"F
0 1.0000 0.00 34 1.1491 18. 1 68 1.3384 36.67
1 1.0039 0.56 35 1.1541 69 1.3447 37.17
19.~
2 1.0078 1 .13 36 1.1591 19. 70 1.3509 37.66
3 1.0118 1.68 37 1.1641 20. I 71 1.3573 . 38.17
4 1.0157 2.24 '38 1.1692 20.fa 72 J.3636 38.66 '
·5 1.0197 2.80 39 1.1743 21.~2 73 1.3700 39.16
6 1.0238 3.37 40 1.1794 74' 1.3764 39.65
7 1.0278 3.93 22.~

Iii.
41 1.1846 22. 0

gi
75 1.3829 40.15
8 1.0319 4.49 42 1.1898 76 1.3894' 40.64
9 1.0360 5.04 43 1.1950 77 1.~959 41.12
10
'
1.0402 5.60 44 1.2003 24. 0 78 1.4025 41.61
.. I

11 1.0443 6.15' :45 1.2057 24~ ,4 79 1~4091 42.10

12 1.0485 6.71 46 .1.2110 25.26 '80 1.4157 '42.58
13 1.0528 7.28 47 . l.2164 '25.$0 81 1.4224 '43.06
14 1.0570 7.81 48 ' 1.2218. ·26. 2 8:? 1.4291 '43.54
15 1.0613 8.38. 49 1~2273 83 1.4359 ., '44.02
16 i.0657 8.94' 50 1.2328 84 1.4427 : 44.49
17 1.0700 9.49 51 1.2384 85 1.4495 ' 44.96
18 1.0744 ,. 10.04 52' . 1.2439 86 1.4564 . 45.44
19 1,0788' 10.59 53 ' 1.2496 at 1.463-3 45.91
20
21
1.0833 11.15 54 1.2552 ' ' 29. Ba 1.4702' 46.37
1.0878 11.70 55 1.2609 89 1.4772 46.84
22 1.0923 ' 30.!°

"f '
12.25 56 1.2667' 30. 3 90 1.4842 47.31
23 1.0968' ' '12.80 57 ' 1.2724 '31. 5 91 ' 1.4913' 47.77
24 1.1014 13.35 58 1.2782 92 1.4984 48.23
25 1.1060 13.90 59 1.2841 32. 8 ' 93 1.5055 ' 48.69
26 1.1107 '14.45. 60 1.2900 32. 0 94 '1.5126 49.14
 . . . .. . . . . . ·.

I~ . lngersoll·Dresser Pumps ·.
'..

. . . . . . ·. . . .
Cameron Hydraulic Data .

-. .: Specific Gravity ~nd Temperature Relations ·

of Petroleum (Approximate)
 ..Itoperties of Liquids. l.
.
I ; . .
i
~-
Specific Gravity of Hydrdcarbons

I I
-·--..---+--·-·· -·
; I
~----+--- .....
-
i

. ;_I -+---, -,--; --, -·

I '
---"--+--,-,-I,--,
--+----- : !

•·:. . I ' I

•;•.
I i
.'c·) !
-'-----4----+~,.....+---..-·---t,----...,,--

)
•'")
.'.:)

.\.)
•1.) - >-
..... 601--i-'~
~
0::

•.
.) ~ 55~~-------------._._----.- ~--t

,
--
u .
LL.
---t--'k--'lr---:rit--1~--.~--:---'-+-~__...,,-+-~-+---T-~~---1

. -) u
&LI
•) Q...50~...----1t---~~---"t--"~....,__~-+-,...or--...r
en
I,) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

· Specific Gravity-1\iiscenaneous Liq~ids

...-----'-~-.,.....;....-..,....-~-.-----r----'..,.......,.-'--...,....---,----......----...--------.U')
0
----------ii----~-- - --.·-- .. -··-· -· I'()'
---~----,- ----· - ---·--!---
·-· - - _.._ __+--~~-.,-,.
----+-- ----
- .

·-~-· -·:- -·· .:..:,.<( .. - -

0 ".'.'''

- ----~-----·
It')
----+
. I
---·. -· ---·-·-·--'--4----<J----+--
··--····-
I ~ -4- _-1-3..,q.. ';--:" 0
.J-,.-.........;._;__,.-!---'---t----.....-~-----:--+--~iN-+--+------l~~~·..,....j . U') :ii-·

·~--r- ;. ·- .. -- ·r- · ~---....... _..: t\l "-' .

.. _. ... _.:._,-~ -- -:--~
I
--- . . ·---
I ' . ·:' .::+
0 . .
..
~·· ..

. 0. ---;,- . -
I •

. . I •
:· -· . . ·!~:,._ ; .

--·:·-. . .
~- f
. . ~:1 ! .
-··•.

·~
.
-. ·;
0 ··.~·
It) {

0 : i.
• . . . ·~-
J.t·
.··-'-~·
·.-·
" .

0
e··i ....
P~operties of Liquids
I.

: ·~r .
..,
'1 .

. I:
---------------!---------
•·· -,
·,

.. ~

•"') I

··...·_;
I I H2SO!- ..

... v
I

I ! Ag~03
-,
l .8 ' v
/
i
•:"1 ' I
.() 1.7
! I J
II'

e:) i
I I
I
J
v
•
!~
- \. . ..i''
I
I
I v
1.6
I
'I

Na OH v
v v
~
;

/,
'
I
Ill
/1 l/ / . . ! .

I /k
> 1.5
v
I
'
..... . KOH. I /
.

.··l
. 5-
··. I··

~ l .4
·11/ .v
. (!)
·. znso, ;'l ~~~N03
/
v
I
v/
)
. ·'_~:~,"). . o ··. v/,·. ~ ~-- ~VS"UGAR 'i

t r- ·.: Y
•'
. ' t -.
~ 1.3 i.
'•,/''

.....
o
.)
!;
l'{. L&J
. i> i
v
v
y
•. i..v : Cl. ~ HCL. ·1
en I .2 t~ ~ I
v
.). ~V/ k
17'
~
•.:J e::;,v1
~ ~~~ . .
I. I ~v· -KCL .
\ l£~ . . '·
I

I~ e-
.I
!:"'.

·. 1.0 -...;;;;::
r--
i
I
 ·•
---
. .

l~ lngersoll-l)resser PUmps . . . Cameron Hydnn1lic Dat~

.fe.
· · · · Specific. Gravityof Refrigerant Liquids. ·.· .· ·. ·•---
_.-
.··~' . e:
·.

'• oc .. ·
-40 ..;.30. -20 -10 0 10 .
I
20
I
30 . 40 50
t
60 : . 70
\

.P
l.7i.--4--·++--+-.;.· -
. -+--+--+-'--+---t--,-+--,-+--+--+--t---ir--+--+--+--l--"--1---1
. ·. r--....._
.
-;

;.

'.
.:
: ...~.·
..
--·.-
4 '
j·. -~
·.·.·;~.~ .·~ '
... ,

~··. . .'.,.ci
··.··~ . . '. ..~)..
.

·: .. ~ .
. . !;, .. · . ··
' .· ... : ~
·;~ I . . .
.. 1
. '.f I
I >6.'
. . .·~·f.! ;i
. . ~ !
·1. ·.' .
...

:1 . ·~c. ·
. ;,

0 1----1---=.·+"""-:::::·~~_f..-:;.~~----t--l---l----l-.....;,..+.~~~i__:_.\..,_~~'"4-l
,;___j•

1· . · .
I . : ~~~~-- . ·• .,::~ .. ....
·.· ''
 Pj°perties of Liquids .

Vapor Pressure of Gas_ lines

10

I
. I

~§:
•• 11 I

..: ii;'.
i:: :i ::::j.:~~
•,,•I,•,• I

'I,,
: ; i :
«) : : : :

••• I
: : : :I
I 1.:::
·•.
I . ..
: : : : ; : .. ! >.::
I·••'

5
i
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~
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II I
l
· 1

;
.
<
:::>
0

~ 10

~ '
$!
..; •
s::I
f 71
• I
~>
 . .. . .. . . .

.1-~-
' '

lngersoll~Dresser
· Pumps. CameronHvdraulic ·Data

· Vapor Pressure of Hydrocarbons

.. : :· ,.

TEMPERATURE CELSIUS °C
-40 -20 0 20 50 100 150 200
1000
. 800
.
: I
I
600 I
, ......
I -.
I ..,... . I y_,.., ''

400
i ! .
I I· : ./Y I /·Y. .v . . !

I.LI .
10
a: 8
:::> 6
(/)
(/) v
I.LI
a: 4
0.
/
 Properties of Liquids

..
Vapor Pressure of Various Liquids

0
8-r-T""'l".........-r"""'M'"T--l~i-.--r-~~~l""T"-..--~-r-""T"-"-T""..+-r~~......,....~--,~~~
N-H-~r-H-t-t--+-t-+--t-~--t-1-t---+--i-+--1---+-+-+-+-+-+-it-++~-+--+---t ~

o I r-, ;-..."' o
~;.+++-+-+-r++-+-+-+--+-~,~-+-'~,:+--1-+-+--+---+-++-+-+-+-HM-+-+-+-+--+O
- ,....._ 1""- r()
.... ....
0
~
N

0
0 ;
N

• .1

I
I
!
!i
I·
 . . .

I) · lngersOH-Dresser Punlps • · Ca~eron

..
HJdraulic Data . .. . ·. .. ,. . '· . .

Vapor Pressure.of .·R.efrigeraQt.Liquids_ · ·.

0 -0 . ·
I{)
'.
' ' ', 'I ' I·
' 0
.
' I
. 'l .. '
I I
! ' ....... ' I
' ' ! I
!.
,.
r<">
~
'I
' t

' . "' I" ! ' '

l t
I

0
'
~ ""O ·' '' I I \()
N··
M-~-~
' I ..
' '
.0
0 ! v I'\ j
I"-.!
·.""\...
o·
~ <,
"' '
. I I ! ...
I
~ -~---· ;
! 0
')\.
'i.... C\J.-·.·.
~-- I'"-
~-~

·~~-.,~
~
. ~
Y' I '. I\ I'
.. ,

·u0·
\
\
I\
\
\.
\.
'\.
\. " .

.
0
'I\.
I\\ ' '\
'.
~
,, ' I'\ ' -, .. ~"~='' r-,
(/) I{) ~- \I\ \
,, I'.\
'\ . .
t\.. .
·".
I
~ -~

\' . - ~"'
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~ . .· ~"' ·. -.· .\ ~a
~\ \.K Q,l,L .
Ci)
_J
o •.. ..
w ~f\~~ .: -~~,
u ··. '\ ·. \I\ ~--· . ._ . .
o . . . .. ~ ' .... . .LU
I'
.· :v· ''o~
·.
..s~~~;..~
. 0:
·o I
. ~ ~
,.
·. 'i\ ~~~~r~
· ... · ',
.· ::)'.
WN ' · '~ \Kt>J, 11c,~~\. · \. ~--
a: ·.··< i:t:·
' ?-s! · . \))~-- . · 1' · ' i\:
--~
ct
a: . '{ · 1\1'
1\1\0- . ·~
\)'\\ I ·._,_I\
I ' ·-1'··
0 LL.I .· .
It) Q. .· .
:e
w
a. 0 -µJ_~~ f\r\~1Kl~f\l~~- [\ · . f\.
I
.....
LL.I
. .· f\[\Y''I f\.. f\, ·.I' \.· .· . \'' 'r\. ,.
· -~ ['\
.r r :
. -~-
···1 ,.,
. I
w · . I\ .
,, i
~-
t i :
......
"\1 ~I\ \ 't·I·\·
.
I ~·0\ -I\ 1\1\ '.
I\ f\ f\
~~
I'·. l'I . '
\[\ '. 'I·.
 P operties of Liquids

Viscosity-c-Oeneral Information

·~··.::~
. . .

· . The viscosity of a fluid (liquid or gas) is. th t property which offers

_re~istanc~.: to ~ow due to. t.h. e exis. t.ence of i.nt[rnal fri~tion wi. thin t~e
,.'

r
fluid. This resistance to flow, expressed as coefficient· of dynamic

•.•..
..
(or absolute) viscosity is the force required t · move a unit area a unit

..
")·
•.
distance .
.)
, .., There are two basic viscosity parameters; i e. (1) dynamic (or abso-

··).
. ,]
':").
lute) viscosity; and (2) kinematic viscosity. . ese two parameters are
•"
· related since the kinematic viscosity may be btained by dividing the
.. · dynamic viscosity . by the mass · density, (See note on page 4-3 for
.•.,~·
',-:, .
~ ~)
definition of mass density.)
r:.. , ..

e). · (1) T~e unit of dy.namic ·(or, absolute) 'jscosity in th~ E~lish
·•· .· . .
•::J · system is measured in pound seconds per s~uare foot which is nu- . . . . · .:
•1) .·. merically identical with the slug per foot seco~d .. The unit of dynam.ic
•Ji.: . · · viscosity in metric 'measure is .the. dyne-second per square centimeter
•:J. . . called 'the. poise, ·, which .is numerically iden~ical with the gram per
e' .; · · centirn:ter-se~on?. It is usually more co?v~nif nt to express ?umerical
f/.i values m centipoises such that .100 centipoise equal one poise. · ·
.'.'>
~·· . The dimensions of dynamic (or absolute)vis osity are: force le~;~ a .

•h,.
. ,. ·.. : . .. . .· ... . .
 ·I ) · lngefsoll·Dresser Pulftps · .· · .Cameron. Hydraulic Data .··
.
1
!
"'
..,_
. flt
-- --· --- Wh€n--·Engli-sh· system units-are used in converting. from dy~amic· .· ·- -· 4··
to kinernati~ viscosity the density-: (or mass density), rather tha.n . ·. · . ;
1
the specific gravity must. be .used where w is the weight in lb/ft3 and
g is the acceleration of gravity (32.174 ft/sec2). · .: · . ·. . . · . ti

..cIi
When the metric system terms centipoises and· centistokes are fl
. used the density is numerically equal to t~e specific gravity .
. . ·, . .' . . . . . ·. .

The relationship· between the dynamic .andkinematic viscosity units

.i1.~
with their proper dimensions must be carefully 'considered so that
. · the correct· parameters Will. be· used . as required in friction loss and . · · · ·
. other calculations .

. : ... h• o
Various typ~ds 1f instdrubm.entshar8eavbai1I'.1h~etod~terffih·i~ehviscosity, . . .·
t e one most wi e y use · emg t e . ay o t viscometer w ic . measures ·
· ·the time in seconds required fora liquidto flow from a.filledcontainer · •.
·of specified dimensions ·through' orie <of. twoorifices inthebottom of ·
the container; ... ·
· .. . _· · '
·. C''
· The tel"III SSU ·(Seconds Saybolt Universal) refers to the time '. .. .
required for the smaller of the two orifices, and the term SSF (Seconds
Say bolt Furol) the time required for the larger- orifice. The smaller
·.1 .
· .·• · •'

· .. · · . -,
orifice. (SSU) being used for the lighter oils and. the larger. orifice
(SSF) · for the heavy oils.. The efflux time hf seconds ·is converted . ·. 41t.
•.
.,." '
-
'
.. '
.,
"

Pre•perties. of Liquids I

••
I
·I
"'s.· !

..,,•;
''·
- - -~-
'

"-· ··-· -- ····-- ·-

.,
Approximate Viscosity Conv1erslens
···"'• ',1

•·
Seconds Secor ds
··.seconds Seconds Red- Red- Kine-
Saybolt Kinematic viscosity Saybolt wood 1 woo~ 2 matic
·-··i
•..'
Universal Furci Stand- Ad~ Degrees Degrees centi-
ssu centrstokes ft2tsec ard Engler Barbey sto«es

····,
SSF mira~y

}. 31 1.0 0.00001076 29 1.00 6200 1.0

•.."".!;,
, 31.5 1:13 0.00001216 29.4 1.01 5486 1.13
.... /
'·\
32 1.81 0.00001948 29.8 1.08 3425 1.81
·;-) 32.6 2.00 0.00002153 30.2 1.10 3100 2.00
33 2.11 ' 0.00002271 30.6 1.11 2938 2.11
·.=:} ' 34 2.40 0.00002583 31.3 ' 1.14 2583 2.40

-~•....)'
,,
... ~~ 35 2.71 0.00002917 . 32.1 1.17 2287 . 2.71
'36 3.00 0.00003229 32.9 1.20 . 2066 3.00 .

II
'
"
. .:". '38 3.64 0.00003918 33.7 1.26 .1703 3.64
,.· .',. . 39.2 '4.00 0.00004306 35_5· 1.30 1550 4.00
40 4.25 0.00004575 36.2 5. 0 1.32 1459 4.25
. ):~, 42 4.88 ' 0.00005253 38.2 5.:15 1.36 1270 4.88

·r·•·.,.:.'·:~~·;·
'') 42.4 5.00 0.00005382 38.6· s.ze 1.37 1240 5.00 ..
":'I ' 44 5.50 0.00005920 '40.6,. 5.: 9 1;40 1127 5.50
45.6 6.00 .0.00006458 41.8 5.' 1 ' 1.43 .1033 6.00
46 .· 6.13' 0.00006598 '· 42.3 5. S4 1.44' 1011 6.13
'.\· .. · .
46.6 7.00 0.00007535 43.1 5. so 1.48 885 7.00

.}.l.!-, '
. ') 50 7.36 0.00007922 44.3 5. S3 1.58 842 7.36
e>).·
'

52.1 8.00 0.00008611 46.o·· 6.1)3 1.64' '775 8.00

55 8.88 0.00009558 .48.3 6. ao 1.73 698 8.88
1.74 689 9.00

·r
•·:}, 55.4 9.00 . 0.0()009688 .'48.6 6.~4

.)
58.8 10.00 0.0001076 51.3 1.83 620 10.00
60 10.32 0.0001111 52.3 6. 7 1.87 601 10.32
) . 65 11.72 0.0001262 56.7 7. 9 2.01 529 11.72
70 13.08 60.9 7. 0 . 2.16 474 13.08
'
0.0001408
431 14.38
' :..~·~
75 14.38 0.0001548 65.1 8.p2 2.37.

'1•: ·,,
'
BO 15.66 . 0.0001686 69.2 2.45 396 15.66
I~ lngers~ll·D~sser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data ..
..--~.
.·..<C-l!
Approximate Viscosity Conversions
. . . .
(Continued)
.
. :

Seconds Seconds
Red-. Red-· ·.·
Seconds Seconds •'
Kine-
Saybolt Kinematic viscosity Saybolt wood 1 wood 2 matic

·_..4· e-
Universal Furol ·stand~ · •Ad- Degrees Degrees cenn-
ssu centistokes · . tt2/sec SSF .. ard miralty Engle.r Barbey stokes

1200 259.0 0.002788. 122 . 1016. . . 111 . 35.1 23.9 259.0

1400 302:.3 0:003254 143 1185 . .: 129 40.9 . 20.5 302..3
1600 345.3 0.003717 163 1354 148 46.7 18.0. ·. 345.3

.C
-·1t -
0;004182 183 1524 166 .: 52.6 _· 15.6. ..
.1800 388~5· 388.5.·.
2000 431.7 0.004647 204.· 1693, .· 185 58.4 . 14.4 ·. 431.7

2500 539.4 0.005806 •. 254 2115 . 231 73.0 .. 11.5 539.4

3000 647.3. 0.006967. 305·. ·. 2538· 277 87.6 9.6 647.3.
3500 755;2 0.008129. 356 2961. .. 323 102 · 5_21. 755.2
4000 863.1 0.009290 408 3385 369 117. 7.18 .863.1

·~C-'
4500 970.9 0.01045 458 3807 '415 ' 131 ·. -. ·.6.39 970:9.
..
.5000 1078.8 .. 0.01161' 509 . 4230 461 •· 146 v .5.75 . -. 10.78.8 ·. · ._:>_: A:.'"'
610 . 5077. 553 175 •. 4.78 .• 1294,5·
.,i .

6000 1294.6 ·0.01393 - ·.-:.~;·

7000 1510.3 0.01626 712 5922 646 ·. 204 .·· 4:11. . 1510.3
8000 1726.1 0.01858 . 814 . 6769.•.· . · 738 .·-, 234. 3.59 . . 1726.1 ·..
sooc . 1941;9 0.02092. ' · ·916 7615; 830 . 263 .. .- 3.19 1941.9
..
.
.0.02322 1018 .. 8461 922 292 .. 2.81·· . . -2157.6

· --l
10000 2157.6
15000 3236.5 0.03483. 1526 •. 12692 438.· l.92-. 3236.5

u
20000 4315.3 o . 04645 .2035 . 16923 584 1.44" 4315.3

. Visco~ity :rel~tio~ships .· _ .

·. K' · •. · ·t· · · · .. : ·.t . (. · .·.·t t k· ').·

.
tnema IC VISCOSI y . cen IS 0 es
· · . . . . ·',· . · · -. · '
tt2/s~c
•.. ceritlstokes
>
= ... '
absolute viscosity (~entipoises)
. . . .: ·. . . ·. . . . .
·.•· . ·. . dens1ty,(g/cm3)*
= centistokes x: 1.07639 x 10-s
= ft /sec
2 x 92903.4'..'
. . .
ll-·,.,>
. j·

....
•
 j roperties of Liquids .

Viscosity-Unit Conversions

Kinematic. Viscosity

Multiply by to obtain

ft2/sec 92903.04 · centistokes

ft2/sec 0.0.92903 sq meters/sec
sq meters/sec 10.7639 tfl·Jsec
sq meters/sec 1000000.0 centistokes
centrstokes 0.000001 sq meters/sec
centtstokes . 0. 0000107639 ft2/sec

See previous page for conversions in SSU, Redwoo , etc.

II
Absolute or Dyna111ic Vis osity

I bf-sec/ft2 47880.26 centipoises

· I bf-sec/ft2 47.8803 Pascal-sec
cennpotses 0.000102 kg-sec/sq· meter ·
centipoises 0.0000208854 . lbf-sec/sq ft* .
·. centipoises · . 0.001· Pascal-sec
Pascal-sec 0.0208854 ·. I bf-sec/sq ft
Pascal-sec 1000· centipoises

• Sometimes absolute viscos.ity is given in terms · f pounds mass. In. this case-
centipoises -x 0.000672 = lbrn 'ft sec. ·

. . . .
'
. . . .

. Absolute to Kinematic Vis osity ·

 . . . : . . .. .. .. . . . .'

· 1 J · 1ngersoU·Dress~rPumps·. · . Cameron Hydraulic· Data . ·

Viscosity of Crallkcase Oils

''

0 VISCOSITY ssu
0
o·
0
0
0
0
Oo 0000
0 0 0
c5 0 0 o_ o ooo 0 · 00000· o.
--a>·'° in~ ,,.,
0.
0 6 c5 coo 0 00000 0 o· 0
0 0 0 0
IO Q I() ~ c5 .~ri N. N CD (D IO

.I
0

0
o-

~-

~- ' ~.

,.._-
·.·O

0
(D

u
D ~- · .. :.;
th .. ·~
::::>
iii o_ :;.r-
~-~
_J v
w
.U

:c·,
w Q_
a:: r<1
::::>
~ ! ' w
a:: I
R
· .,
w
CL.
~- 7· / 17' ) / ' I/ i Q:
:::> ''t ..
.6.
~ //11"/ /.)' 0 I- ·.'.~·
w / / )II J' I 1.·. (0 <[
a:
I-' )1: / j , I
I ' , , j . ! .· I 'I ~.L·. ·.
 l
.Brqperties of Liquids
l ·,
i
•'

i'
Viscosity· of Turbine Oils

0 VISCOSITY SSU
0
0
0
0
o_
0
0
0
g~ g0 ooo 0
coo 0
0
0 0 . 0 ooo 0
00000
00000
0
0
0.
o.
0 0 0 .Ov"',() rJ
I() - I()
N Q• -"«I~ inv rt') N
 . . . . . .

· · ·I ) · 1ngersoll·Dresser
. .

Pumps · . Cameron HydraulicData

Viscosity of Fuel Oils:.

VISCOSITY SSU · .
g
0 g_0 0
00 go· g ooo 0
ooo o .
., 0
ob o oo o o · o
0 0
_ 0
o" 0 0
...
0
· .~
0
Q
0 C) 000 0.
ri-it'i N
'00000
·--u> ID"'"
0 · 0 0 · 0 •• N
8
::::i-:·
• _~.;._ :
in in N ·- ..... "' . - Cl) ID . in '. "" .... .... .

g"' -i-----.-_;__.,.;,. -_-=.1:;,.-:.1';_':::::::.::.::..,..:I,_"'"'+;':-:.:-:.:-:.::-:_:-:.::~::':.:::~::1:~·

; .1 . . i
:::-:.~::::~:_.,.J_1...,+1::_;
i I i· <tJ

.,
0 I·
!!!
0
in
i I ·. i i .. ·:
 Pr1perties of Liquids '·I

viscosity-Tempera_ture Relations of Petroleum Oils

..
3
.·~.~o~-~
;> eo o :::>
- ~:::o
-. ~00
c
0 o og o goo
Cl -a ~ VISCOSITY. FUROL sSF
:> ..&J.,:~ N
- ,/
.S
.
';'
:
I/' I
IJ I )
-
. )
I 'I . v :
IJ I v , r/ I/:;:
IJ I' v I/ /
~
~

.
JO

J ,'I ,'/ ~
/
~":,
,/ ,,
J n
)
,;. "
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ft

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 .•.
. I~- Ingersoll-Dresser
.· . . .

Pump~
· · Viscosity of Misc~llaneous--Liquids
. . .

Cameron Hydraulic Data ~·. .: ,_,ic_..·

..

.
; .•_&=--·
-:;:~

i
,

,
'
Tj ..:·
o 10 20 30 _4o
TEMPERATURE
so 60
CELSIUS
10 so
~C
· 90 100 110 120 ·130 140 iso ·· 160 110 100

.·
. ; I
~-:

;
.:l
..=
~-

~1 ti
ill<
!i ,_.-

II

· ·~,·
.' ,~'~.
~-.

.tt··
·C
>"·!
c. '·
 P. I operties
. . of
. Liquids
I
·-· ··- - - . Viscosity. of Refrigeran · Liquids.
TEMPERATURE .· CELSIU'> oc
-30 -20 -10 0I 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
1.5 I I
' I
' I I

! !
i

-- ---
I
I

__.....
!
1.0 F,13
~~-- ·- - - _,_
!
Q.9 I
""--
Q_8 -·
,_ __ -I"-- .... '
0.7
0.6 f'. ""--
r--. r---.
Cl)
w
0.5
~ /:",,,
t::::S.!.~ r--.
i
i
i
I"--
~~ ......
~ .......
-- .....
-
r--... ......._,
I

---
o· r-, I :---,_
,..., ill::: ..
0.4 F~2~
- '"""
- -- -
..... r--... I"-- t:!~ ..... r-.. r--..:._

r-.... --
~AMMON A·
r. . . .
~
-
Cl)
.....
0.3 rM-P:~x~ [krc,Ri~:--- .......

---- -- - - --~--- --
·z ,..._ j'...,.

~r:.~~+-·- ·-'- -- --- .:;_ :--~

·w ~

- - rh- -
u ....... r- .......
- • I"--
r-
I
,..._ ~ ~

--
-/2
>-.
t: ~~
I
. i :
'

-
~~ . - -1-
--..
. r--.:=r-. -l: I .,. •. ~~L__PHUR
-
Cl)
~i-- '""""'-
0 ~ "'"....;·. >10><10
u -~ f

-- --- -
Cl) 0.2 I
.
> I I
.
I
I
u
..... - !
. ~ 0.15
I
__.___.__
i
UJ
z - I

·! I
.·-~
i
I
I i.

CARBON DIOXIDE
0.10 .
-
. . . . . . . :

1 rl1 lngersoll·Dresser P.umps Cameron Hydraulic Uata · ·

' ' '

Viscosity of-Suerose-Solutions
0C.
. · TEMPERATURE CELSIUS

-20 ' -10. 0 10 .20 30 40 50 60 70' 80

'. "
: I
.' I
I : : I r- . J .. I ! I_

!
I
.I
I ! I

I I
I l I

! !. i
I ..
I !

~
...,,
' '

'

'
'" -.

10~-+-+--+-+-i--+--t-r+-t-+-1r.T '4'c-->t-t-T"."t-t-T"'l~~:t-t-+-t-t--.-"1~~'~-~&'--t--+-"'-:'t--'--+.,-1
9 ~ - -- - - -+--+·-+--+--+'' ._' ... -~-1~~· ..:.. .. ..:. ~ -·~_,_t-t'-t-1-..,.__.,...,..
1

---'-~
,..60 - >-
....
.... ...... .
''.
'.' " .....
,.

1
·,
BO ::>
Ill
Ill

.Ao I' . ·"\.. .

8.._.._,_-+-+-+··-+--l-+·-+-~·-+-1-~r-+--+-+-+-~""*"·+-+-~-~1~-+-1~+--+---.---+--l60%~-·r--1,_._. iii·
S sci 0
u· ''

I "
"
~ .7 . ~ Ill i•

§u 6 . \,. r'\ -. I" ?. J

t
,..-
....
'
.5

4~ ..
'
+-+-+--+-~l\.-+-t-t--+-t--to..,rl--l~+-+-t-t---..1'----;'-+---+---+----+--4

.... , ·'\.. ', 40 · . l=

·1- -~ - -r-r-r . I\.'. ·
- i..---- -- .. ·~'

iii I ' ' '\ \ I ' _· "\

0 ~l_·.

l
u
If') 1 " sox ' 'K
s 3~·~'-+--t-1-
~-~--+-+-+-
: I ~~-~'"!.-l-+--+--+-t-+-"r---;f--+---+-...-...;_,..;l.·___._--+---1
~~-t--+-t-+'---~'-.+~-+-+'...--~++-+.-t-~~~----.--+--+--."""----+---1
-U ; \. I '\. ' 35 ·
I ' I ~ ' I\. .... - I\.' -
~ i----+. --.--t--1·-1-'"LT"""-t-' T-t· r: I\. ' .: , '\
 ·Properties of Liquids
: .
Viscosity Blending hart ·
. Many liquids designated by such names a asphalt, molasses, oil,
varnish, etc., are actually blends or cut-backs and have lower vis-
cosities than th e un blen de d liQUI· ds 0 f th e same name. ·0 n Fig below,
1

let oil, A, h ave the higher viscosity and of , B, the lower viscosity.
Mark the viscosity of A and B on the rig ht and left hand scales,
respectively , and draw a straight line conm Wing the two as shown.
The viscosity of any blend of A and B will be : shown by the intersection
.
of the verti cal line representing the percen ~age compositi on· and the I
I
line thus dr awn. Viscosities of oils A & B ·mt lst be plotted. at the same
'
It
temperatur e. I
3000 3000

2000 2000
1500 1 500

.....
.... 1000 1 000 ~
z z
w
w
z 750 750 z I

I
0
2~ 500
0..
~ l.
o· 0 '
u . .coo u
~ I
ii;
300 0
.,,
u
s
200 %
e
.. ·
- ,, 150 ·.
x
w

,__. - ~.
.
,, "
./
I/. :x:
c
<
· I) lngersoH-Dresser Pumps · Cameron
-
---·
Hvdraulic
-"' - -
Data
- - - ' - - -

.; _ Petroieum Temperature-volume Relations -

8QQ1r-----~-+--"--..-...,...;..-+-_;_;_,.~-+-~~-:-7."~~:...-.~~~,,j....ili!l!==---L..I
- 35° _ -_ -
1----------+-----+-.;.__,.....:_.__r-----tl'--r-t-~~~~~-----+-c--
- 40° -

-_LL:_ .·i.
·---:-----
1- - 60 0'+------"-'---+----~'--'"+-+-?'"-T-~~~r+~~....._i---.;.;..;__,;;_;-+-.+---:-__:.~
-
_J
0
- LL. -
·o
 P operties of Liquids
. ·I .. .

.. --· .. . _Spec.ific _Gravity and Viscosit, of Liquids 1

Boiling Specif re gravity

oomt
I visccsrty

at Temp based T emp

atm on water
Liquid press •F "C = 1 at 60°F OF ·c centistokes ssu
Acetaldehyde CH.CHO 69F 61 16.1 0.788 61 16.1 0.305 36
20.8C 68 20 0.762 68 20 0.295
Acetic acid-5°10
= vinegar CH3COOH 59 15 1.006
10°/o ...... · ......... 59 15 1.014 59 15 1.35 31:7
so0:0 ............... 59 15 1.061 59 15 2.27 33
80°10 .... ; .......... 59 15 1.075 59 15 2.85 35
'
Conc.-glacial ....... 244F 59 15 1.055 59 15 1.34 31.7
118C
Acetic acid anhydride
(CHiCOO)!O ....... 139C 59 15 1.087 59 15 0.88
Acetone CH3COCH3 .. 133F 68 20 0.792 68 20 0.41
50.5C 77 25
Alcohol
allyl ............ ; ... 207F 68 20 0.855 68 20 · 1.60 31.8
97:2C 104 40. · 0.90 cp
butyl-n ............ 243F 68 20. 0.81 68 . 20 3.64 38
117C 158 70 0.78. 158 70 1.17'. 31.5
ethyl (grain) C2H!OH 172F
78.3C
68
104
20
40
0.789
0.772
68
100
.. 20
37.8
1.52
1.2
31.7
31.5
I
methyl (wood)
CH30H .......... 151F 68 20 0.79 59 . 15 0.74
64.7C 32 0 1.04
propyl ......... .' ... 207F 68 20 0.804 68 20 2.8 35
-·-·- -- -s1-:-sc- -32- ~o- -~-o:8H-· -'· -i-22 --so-- --:1-:-4--- -·-·3 n- - -·
Alu.minum sulphate'""'.'"
· 36% sol ............ 60 15.6 1.055 68 20 1.41 31.7
IJ lngersollaDresser. Pum~s Cameron Hvdraulic Data
. .;

Specifi~Gravity and Viscosity-of-·liquids~(Continued)~-~---·- ··· ··

Boiling Specific gravity ·. Viscosity·

poinl
at .·Temp based. Temp
atm on water.
Liquid press.
,•

'F "C = .1 at so-r OF· cc centistokes ssu

,,
Automotive crankcase oils
SAE-SW ............... 60 15.6 .. 88-.94 0 -17.8 1295 max 6M-max

60 15:6 .. .88-;94 0 -17,8 1295-2590

SAE 10W .............. 6M-12M

SAE 20W .............. 60 15.6 .88-.94 . .

. 0 .' -17.8 2590-10350 12M-48M
.·
SAE 20 ........ · ........ 60 15.6 '.·.
.88-.94 ..· ·.· 210 98.9 5.7.-9.6 45-58

SAE 30 ........ .: ....... '· 60 15,6 :88:-.94 I 21Q 98.9 9.6~ 12.9 58-70

SAE 40 ................ 60_ ., 15.6 .88-.94 210 98.9 12.9-16.8 70-85

.

SAE 50 ................ 60 15.6 .8.8-.94 210 98.9 16.8-22.7 SS.,: 110

Automotive gear oils·

.... ..,.
60 15.6 ..88-.94 210
r
98.9 4.2min 40min
. ,
SAE 75W ...... : .......
'.

SAE BOW ... : .......... 60 15.6 .88:-.94 210 98.9 7.0min 49 min

SAE BSW .............. . . .. 60 15.6 ._sa.-..94 210 98.9 .. 11.Ci mln, 63 min
·.
SAE90 ...........•.. ,.·.· 6.0 . 15.6 · .. 88-.94 210. 98.9 14-,.25 . 74:-120
..
. SAE 140 60. ·. 15.6 .88-.94 210 .9a.s 25-43 120:-200

SAE 150 ............... 60 15.Ei ;88-.94 210 98.9 ·43 min .

200 min ·-l

..... · ............... ..
Beer 60 15.6 1.61 68 20·' ·.·YB: 32(est)
.
·.
~
Benzene (Ben:Zol) CHHK ... 176F ·. 32 0 o.899 32 0 1.00, 31
8o.4C: 60 15.6 ·0.885 68 20 0.744

Bone oil .... , ............ 60. 15.6- 0.918. 130 .. ···54_4 . 47.5 220.· . -~
... .···
212 .100. · 11.6 65 .1 .
 Properties. of Liquids
. '

Specific
.
Gravity and Viscosity of Liquids (Continued)
. . ..

Bo1l1ng Soecrnc gravity viscosuv

point
at Temp based emp
atm on watei
Liquid press 'F !c = 1 at 60'F :F ·c cennstokes ssu
Carbon tetrachloride
CCI, .............. 170F 68 20 1.594 68 20 0.612
76.7C 100 37.8 0.53
Carbon disulphide
cs~ ............... 115F 32 0 1.293 32 0 0.33
46.2C 68 20 1263 68 20 0.298
Castor 011 ........... 68 20 0.96 100i 37.8 259-325 1200-1500
104 40 0.95 130i 54.4 98-130 ·. 450-600
'
China wood 011 .•...• 60 15.6 0.943 69 20.6 308.5 1425
10C 37.B 125.5 580

·a:
Ohtorotorrn .. : ...... 142F GB 20 1.489 68 20 . 0.38
. 61.2C 140 60 1.413 14C 60 0.35
: .
Cocoanut oil ........ 60 15.6 0.925 100 37.8 29.8-31.6 140-148 I.
130 54.4. 14.7-15.7 76-80
Cod oil ............. 60 15.6 0.928 10C ·31.8 32.1 150·
13( 54.4 19.4 95
Corn oil ............ 60 15.6 0.924 130 54.4 28.7 135 .. :· .. '
21~· 100 8.6 54 L.
I

Corn starch solutions

22 Baume ........ 60 15.6 1.18 7( 21.1 . 32.1 150
. 10( . 37.8 27.5 130
24 Baume ........ 60 15.6 1.20 7( 21 .1 .129.8. 600
101 37.8 95.2 440
25 Baume ........ 15.6 1 .21 71
' 21.1 303 1400
60
10t 37.8 173.2 800
Cotton seed oil •.• ... 60 15.6 .88-.93 101 37.8 37.9 176
13~ 54.4 20.6 100
Creosote ........... 60 15.6 1.04-1.10 . 61· 15.6
13) 54.4
Crude oil
48' API ........... 60 15.6 0.79 61• 15.6 3.8 39
I·~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron ·Hvdraulic Data ·
.'. . . ..1 .· . : .

- . Specific
.
·Gravity
. .
·c. md~Viscosity
.
of. Liquids
.
(Continued)
. . . . .. . .

Bo1hng - Specific gravity Viscosity

point ~--'------.-----+--------'----'-_;.,._.__ _
at . Temp - based Temp
atm .,._ _, . on water
Lrquic
,'

press ·F 'C -: 1 at 60 F 'F ·cenllstokes · ssu·

Ethyl bromide
C~H-.Br . 101F 59 15 1.45 68 20 0.27 -
77.2C
Ethylene. bromide. 269F ' -_ 68 20 2.18 68 20 0.787
131.7C
Ethylene chloride . 183F· 68 20,: 1.246_' 68 .·• 20' 0.668
837C
Ethylene glycol •. 60 15.6 1.125 21. 1 17.B - 88.4.'
Formic acid
10°·0 .... ..... "
68 20·' 1.025 68 20 -· 1.04 31
50~~ ..... ... .. 68 20 - 1.121 - 68 ' 20 L2 31.5 .. -
ea•,~ . ....
.. • 68 20 1, 186 68 20 1.4- 31.7
Cohc. 60 15.6 1.221-- - 'ss -· 20 - 1.48 3U .. .
·
,'77 _- 25 1.57cp
Freon
-H ...... ·: .. ~
• -', 70 - 21.1 0.21
''-12 :70' 21.1 0.27
- 21- ... ·,• : ; ... ~ : 70 ·-·. 21.1 1.45 31 .7 '
' -.
. Furturol ~. - 68 ·- 20 1.45 31.7 . '
77 25 .1.49cp
Fuel oils
1 - . .' •... '

2_ ' : .', ..

-SA ,. · .
•.•
•••
•··\
-.
. ,
)

. . .
P1operties ofLiquids-
. I
'
I

•
SP-~~i,_i~ Gravity and Viscosityof Llqu ids (Continued)

·~•
••• Boiling
point
at
atm
Specific gravity

Temp based
on water
Temp
Viscosity

••-·;'~_~
'· Liquid press 'F 'C = 1 at 60°F eF ec centistokes ssu

•.•<
Honey ....... · ....... 100 37.8 73.6 340

Industrial lubricants
Turbine oils
685 ......... .. 60 15.6 647 3000

•.
.'
\' SSU at 100°F ... 200 [93.3 14.5 77

............
•<
420 60 l1s.6 367 1700 ~
ssu ........... ; 200 . :93.3 11 63

;
·-..••~•.
I

315 0 o O

ssu ............
O O O 0 I 0 0 0 I 60
200
i1s.6
193.3
259
8
1200
52 ,,
~ .

II·
•. t'
·:·· .
... ••.• ......
I
215 60 115.6 151 700
ssu ............ 200 ·193.3 7.3 48
. -~ 150 . .......... 60 115.6 99 460

·r•••·
t:

•.
. '~ • ·SSU ....•..•.... 200 j93.3 6 45.5
l;
··'~ . I•

I
Machine lubricants II

# 8 ............ .88-.94 ·100 t37.8 · 23-34 112-160

) 130 54.4 13-18 70-90. .
:)
e-r. #10 ... · ........ ·. .88-.94 JOO
130
37.8
54.4
34-72
18-25
160-235
90..:120 tl
e: .. .
.,)
. J
\

·~;
·'\
#20 ............ .88-.94 . · 100 37.8 72-83 235-385 t
130 54.4 25-39 120-185

-~•., .
.:

#30 ...... ·..... ' .88-.94 100 37.8 75-119 350-550

130 54.4 39-55 185-255 !
\

;,) Cutting oils I

I
 ..
' ·.. : . . .. . ' ·. . . .

I ti Ingersoll-Dresser
_ Pumps Cameron Hvdra.ulicD~ta.
., . . .~- . - ----
~. . -~'
·J _·&.:-·
,:;,

l
Specific Gravity andViscosity of .-Liquids-(-Continued) .

Boiling Soecinc gravity viscosuy ._

c~-.-
point
at
atm
Temp based.
on water
·Temp fa:.
Liquid press :F ·c = 1 at 60'F_ :F =c . centistokes ssu
Methyl acetate ...... 135F 68 20 0.93 68 20 .· o.44

; !:
572C 104 40 0.32cp

Metnyl iodioe ........ 108F 68 20 2.28 68 . 20 0.213

.42.6C 104 40 0.42cp

Menhadden 011 . . . .. 60 15.6 0.93 100 31.8 29.8.' ... . .

140

(
130 .54.4 18.2 90

...
:
"
Milk ......... : ...... 60 · 15.6 1.02-1.05 68 20 ·. l.13 31.5

Molasses
A. first ........... 60 15.6 1.40-1.46 100 . 37.8. 251,...5010 - .. 1300-23500.
.
. '

f:
130 54.4 151-1760 700-8160

B. second ........
.. ..
60 15.6 · . 1.43-1.48 100 . 37.8 1410-13.2M -· · . . 6535.;..61180 .
. .. r
130 -_54.4. -· 660.:.3.3M -. 3058_;15294

C. blackstrap 60 . ; 15.6 1.46-1.49 100 37.8 2630'.""55M 0-·· .--12190-255M

130 54.4 1320-l6,5M S120-76.5M
.·

Naphthalene ... ·.... , 424F· 68 .20· . .. 1.145 176

.· .
80 0:9 .t
.
_ .· .
.:'.

218C 212 100. ·- .•. 0.78cp •,

.
:
Neatsfoot oil ........ 60 15.6 o.911 100 37.8 49.7. 230
.. ...
130 ... 54.4 27.5 130 - ~-
Nitrobenaene ........ .412F 68 ·. 20 1.203 68 20 - .
'1.67 31.8
·~···
,,
210.9C 59 15; 1.205
. ·'·t-·-~-
Nonane-n .......... I 302F- . _· 60 · 15.6 0.7218 0 -,17.8 1.728 32
150.7C 68 .· 20 .: 0.718 100_ •' 37.8·. 0,807
·.
•••
.
'1
· P1Joperties of Liquids iI··

··• · ,
I

l
Specific Gravity and Viscosity of Liquids (Contin_ue~)

.,••"
) .

' 801hng · Soecrlrc gravity Viscosity

·' point
at Temp based Tem1~

••...
atm on water
i
Liquid press 'F I =c = 1 at 60'F. •F ·c cenustokes ssu
•.
Rapeseed oil . ...... 681 20 0.92 100 37.8 54.1 250
130 54.4 31 145
,

•·•••_;
·l

Rosin oil . .......... 60 15.6 0.98 100 37.8 324.7 1500 !

•.•
' ) 130 54.4 129.9 600
:
Rosin (wood) ....... 60 15.6 1.09 avg 100 37.8 216-11M 1 M-50M

•··~,",'\
•.·-·.
·200 93.3 108-4400 500-20M j -
Sesame seed oil ....
i
':: 60 15.6 0.923 100 37.8 39.6 184
i

•...~)
130 54.4 23 . 110
) I.
~..,_ Sodium chloride
.: 50,o ............•. 39 3.9 1.037 .· 68 .20 1.097 31 .1 '
'J '
25°10 • • .. •. •. • .. • .. 39 3·_9 1.196 60 15.6 2.4 34
) .60 15.6 1. 19
.;-' .

;). Sodium hydroxide

•·)
(caustic soda)
20°10 .. · .......... . 60 15.6 . 1 .22 65 4.0 39.4
i,
I 18.:3

30% ············ 60 15.6 1.33 65 18.3 10.0 58.1

.J...
··) .· ~
·:·.:.,
.

400,o·., ........... 60 . 15.6 1.43 .65 18.3 . 110.1 !

··~·)
.;J.
Soya bean oil .... '. .. 60 15.6 .924-.928 100 137.8 35.4 165 .
i

130 . 54.4 19.64 96

.. ., Sperm oil . ......... 60 15.6 1.35-1.44 100 37.8 21-23 110

;.) .130 54.4 15.2 78
·;·y'
:

Sugar solutions i
Corn syrup·
 .C_.:
.· . ' ·.·. ·.· . . '• . . . . ·: .

I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps 'Cameron Hydraulic Data

-- .. ·s-p~ciflc-Gravity· and Viscosity of LiqUids·(Continued)

Boiling Specific gravity Viscosity ".

.
,,.
.• ~. . _;_-
.

pomt
at Temp based .. ·Temp.:
·.6!.• ·
"
atm on water
liquid press 'F =c .·= lat 60'F 'F 'C·· centistokes ssu
72 Brix ......... 60 15.6 1.36 70 21. 1 595 2700
100 37.8 138.6 640

74 Brix ......... 60 15.6 1.376 70 21.1 1210 " 5500

,•
100 37.8 . · 238 rioo
•·
76 Brix ........ : 60 . 15.6 1.39. 70 21., 2200 1 oooo
100 37.8 .· 440 2000

Sulphur ............ 444.6C

Sulphuric acid
100% ............. 68 20 1.839 68 20:. 14.6 76
140 60 7.2cp
..
95°/a' .......... · ... 68 20 l.839 68 20 14:5 75

60°10 ............. ,. 68 20 1.50 68 20 4.4 41'

.
2~o ............... . 68 I• 20 .. 1.14 ·.·.

,. .
Tar. coke oven ...... 60 ·.15.6 ·U2+ 70 21. 1 600-1760. 3M-8M
100 '31.8 14.1-308. 650-1400 •' .
.
"

Tar, gas house ..... :: 60 15.6 ·.1.16-1.30 70 ·.·. 21.1 3300-66M :15M-300M
100. 37.8 440...;4400 2M-20M

Tar, pme . .. . . . . . . . . 60 . 15.6 1.06~ 100 37.8 . 559 ·. 2500

132 55.6 108.2 ·. 500
..
·. :
Tar. road-
· RT,2 ... , .. .... •.• 60 15.6 1.07... .. 122 50 43.2..;.54_9 200-300
212 100 8.8-10.2 55-60
 ·Properties of Liquids ·

Specific ~ravity and Viscosity of 1.iquids (Continued) 1

Bo1lrng · Scecrnc gravity vrscosny

point
at Temp based ,emp
on water
I
atm
Lrquid · pres!! CF 'C =- 1 at 60•F CF 'C csnustokes ssu
Water
distilled .......... 60 15.6 1.00 68! 20 1.0038 31

tresh ............. 60 15.6 1.0 6( 15.6 1.13 31.5

13( 54.4 0.55

sea .............. 60 15.6 1.03 1.15 31.5

Whale oil ........... 60 15.6 0.925 10~ 37.8 35-39.6 163-184 .

13 i 54.4 19.9-23.4 97-112

Xylene-a ........... 287F 68 20 0.87 ss 20 0.93

142.7C 10~ 40 0.623cp
.

.Centrifugalpump performance with viscous liquids

. . . .
Since pump performance characteristic curves are basis water, cor-
rections .(per charts in *Fig 4-2 .and 4-3). ust beapplied when han-
dling viscous liquids. The following two xamples will illustrate the
use of these charts. · ·

Example A-performance correction: I . · · · ·

Given: Characteristic curve (F.ig 4-1) pt•. ·e 4-46 'for pump handling ·.
. I) lllgei'soll·D~sS~r Pumps
. :

Cameron Hydraulic Data·

. . . .

· .
..ce
~·

can be determined by use of the 'formul~:

. . ·.· . ·. ·. . •. . . '. ).·. capac.ity (viscous) x head (viscousrsp gr
Estimated bhp (viscous = . .· ·
· ·
· · . · · .
3960 x Efficiency (viscous)
.. f
·c
· .~.·.···

I
l
. I
I
t
' l
l .!
I
I

Fig. 4-l Sample performance chart ' . ~ of Hvdraulic

. Courtes~
' .. . .
; . l~titute,
. .'.. : .
..
••····-·'\; · · P 1operties
' '
·of Liquids
' '.,

•.·~
. . I ' . 1.·.
' ' ' v
Viscosity Corrections for Small Pumps (Continued)
~ · Between I 0 to 160 GPi · · •. ·
.:.'\

•·•·11'
.-w~,. i
•.
.')

,,
}
i

z
....0u-
W·
'

a:
a::
8

. · .• 11
I~ · lngersoll·Dresse'. Pumps . · Cameron Hydraulic Data ·
. -viscosity Corrections torla~ge·Purnps(Continued)
· · · . . Above 1()0 GPM · · .
. . . . . .· .
. .

-, PERFORMANCE CORRECTION CHART

Cl)
~I
cc 6Q-l---..:.--J~4---t----l---l--.+-+--+-i~-+-+-'-""""-4---+--+-+......+.::-1-+-+-4·
0 >
t) o 100-·t--~===+-~t--+-+..;.~i=t:::Jr+-~+--+;..._;_-+---+~-r--+-t~
< 2
LL; !!:!
I
. . (.) .1
z .u::
0 &&.
~ w
frlcc Q
2
a: <
.0
u ...
> -
. 60-~.~-4--+~---+--,.-+-+-+-+-1-H~~~-'.,,-f'---l~~~t-+++i
c:;
·~
·.< (.)

I I
20~·--__._ +---1-1--+;...;,...+.4'-1-+-~-t--1~+-...,..;;.;.;..+-.l..-+-----+-+~t-"
 . . . · P loperties of Liquids
· Example B-· selecting a pump: . · .· .·· I ·. . . ·.
Selecting a pump· for ~iscous liquids is. trte re~erse of ~~rrecting
for water performance; 1. e. take the desired design conditions and
divide by the applicable correction factors to obtain the equivalent
design conditions on water. For example: sblect a pump to deliver-
750 gpm.·.-at 100. ft .w· hen handling a liquid ht vinga viscosity of. 1000
1

SSU and specific gravity of 0. 90 at pumping t mperature. Enter chart

at 750 gpm and follow the same procedure in Example A except
for this calculation use CH from curve markkd 1.0 x Qn (capacity at
best efficiency point-hep)
CQ = 0.95 CE = 0.64 CH 'for" .0 x Qn" = 0.92
Equivalent water conditions obtained by ividing the viscous con-
ditions by the above correction factors_will ~ 790 gpm ~~ 108.7 ft. ·
If the pump selected for these 'equivalent water conditions has a
11:
water efficiency of 81 % the viscous efficiendy will be 0.64 x 0.81 or
about 52%.

.
E stimate · .· 0.· · x 10.· 0 . x· 190
d bhp ~ 75· . =. 32 . 8
3960 x 0.5' ·. .
Note: Correction charts ate approximate and apply onJ to Centrifugal pumps of con-
ventional design with open or closed impellers and adeq ate suction head to force liquid
into impeller; not good for axial or mixed flow pumps o . non-uniform liquids. ·
Correction factors for flows 100 gprn and below (Fig. 4-2) are basis (bep).
· For a more detailed discussion of these correction fac rs referenceshould be made to
 ' . . . . . .

. I) . Ingersoll-Dresser
'

Pumps· ., Cameron Hydraulic Data .· · ti

"Slurry Infor~ation : · -·---- -- :---- ---- ~,
The abrasive nature of some slurries is clearlv a consideratiol\ in ·:
'selecting and designing slurry pumps. Excessive Wear of wetted pump·
parts due to abrasion has limited operational life in some instances to .
two weeks. Abrasive wear is inconclusive and difficultto predict even
though many studies on wear testers have been performed. Abrasive
c-It
·~·

considerations are the . abrading mineral . .itself, abrasive 'hardness.

·particle velocity, 'density, · dir.~~tions, ·.sharpness, ·shape, size . and . . (',
. corrosiveness. . . · :: 41ti
Pump components· exposed to abrasion, L~. impellers, casings and . ~
·. suction covers; are made from. abrasion resistant materials such as . ·. ·... --.·•·,~
Ni-hard and rubber. · . . . .·
. . · . ·. Experience has shown that for abrasive· handling pumps, the pump · ·: . · .,
· RPM should be kept . as .low as possible, A guideline in showing . · ~~

· !~~r:!~~t:fy ~~~h~n~:::r 0;st~!ei{;~tio\v!!1:t~w~;~nH:~:

since RPM is related to pump developed pressure, high head ap-

.•.
· I
:

- - --plicafions--wnr wear nilrcn-more:raptdly--ihan-towe·r-h~e-ads.-Also; it-can- - - - - - - - -- ·,

generally be seen that pump part hardness is inversely proportional . .

c·:
toabrasive wear-· wear a 1/BHN;* and wear also varies directlv with . ~·
· particle concentrat.i~n-: wear a G\·· . - , . • . . •. ·. · . ·. . . . .· '. • . ·. . . . . . . ·.
. ~oth syn~hetic ~n? natural x~b?.ers.ar~ _use~i?l slu:ry .Ptl~ps for. . 1
·t.-
1
 Properties of Liquids
f

.~•..
• '!
Sediment Terminolo y

•••
Scale of Particle Sizes

U.S .

··.~,
,~ Tyler screen standard
,. mesh per mesh per
· inch inch Inches Mier· Class

:-·-, 1.3-2.5 33,000- 3,500 Very Coarse Gravel

.. ·' .6-1.3 15,200-33,000 Coarse Gravel
2.5 .321 8,0, O Medium Gravel
5 5 .157 4,0 'O Fine Gravel
9 10 .. 079 2,0 0 Very Fine Gravel
16 ' 18 .039 1 ,0 O Very Coarse Sand
32 35 .0197 5 0 Coarse Sand
60 60 '.0098 2 0 Medium Sand
115 120 .0049 1 5 Fine. Sand. · '·

250 230 .0024 62 Very Fine Sand

i

400 .0015' . ~7 Coarse Silt

.0006- .0012 16-~1 Medium Silt
8-~ 6 Fine Silt
4-~ ,Very Fine Silt
2-~ Coarse Clay ·

· . . .. . · · · · . . , . . . ~5-t . · Fine Clay

1-2 Medium Clay .
. . '.
,
:

-·--·-------. "·---·· Moh;S~~~;ri;~~~~ne;s,-~:~i~1~d-. _··-

: _. -----~- . -,---~--
... · .··. -. . . · (Trans. Am~ Electrochem Socie!y, 1933)

Talc 1 Soft to Medium

· Gypsum, Kaolin Clay, Anthracite ·. 2·
. 3
·I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data
. . . . .

Slurry rheology, -viscosity

Terms.
. · Rheology-s- study of deformation and flow of su bstances. ·.
Fluid-i- a substance which undergoes continuous deformation when :
subjected to shear stress. . -. .
Consistency (apparent viscosityr-c- . a· slurry' s resistance to deformation
· when subjected to shear stress. This term is 'applied to differentiate
from . absolute . viscosity
' . . . ..
which is. used
. . .·
in conjunction
. . .·.
with Newtonian . .
.
fluids.·
· Kinematicviscosity-i- -. =absolute viscosity (consistency) divided by the·
mass density" of the fluid.
Fluidity-s- inverse of viscosity. · . . .· . . · . .· '. · .'
. Plasticity-s- property of a fluid which requires a definite yield. stress ·
. to produce a continuous flow. . . ·; · . ·.. · ·. ..... · · .· . · . · · ·. • ... · .
· Rigidity-s- -consistency of a plastic fluid in.
terms of stress beyond the
yield. ". ·. . .·. · '. _, . · .. · . . '; · .' . . · .: ·. . . ". · · .
· N ewtoniari fluid-· a fluid whose viscosity is constant and is independent·
of shear rate, and where shear. rate .is 'linearly proportional to· ..
' shear stress .. (water, oil, etc). ' ' • ' '• ' .• ,·' ' ' •·. ''
· Non-Newtonian (complex) fluid-·· a fluid whose consistency is a func- .· ·
tion of shear stress, .and the shear rate--,· shear. stress .relationship
is non-linear. · · ·
For either. Newtonian. or Non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity (or con-«
 ·. . Properties of Liquids

in consistency with increasing shear rat~. These fluids have the

property of increasing their volume wh1n stirred. Examples are
starch in water, quicksands and beach sa · ds.
Thixotropic fluids - a fluid which exhibits decrease in consistency
with time to a minimum value. at any sh eat
rate. ·It will break down
. I

when stirred but rebuild itself after a ven time. Examples are
drilling muds, gypsum in water, paint.
Typical flow diagrams (rheogram) for v ous fluids:

. "'
"'"'
-
"'I!
en
.•
!
u;
•
s:
en

· '. ·. . · · · Shear R•te & Velocity . · · . I Shear R•te

NOTE: . Shea: stres~ is_ proportional_ to pre~sure or total head; shear

. rate is proportional to velocity or flow.
 I;) lnge'5oll-l>resser Pull1ps • Ca_meron Hydraulic Data
·. c·.
.
•

_. l .: •

.
·c-·- -·

·.-.
!
~
s-
0
1.3
s, ----
i---------.--
,e .

?:' -~
•.
>
~ 1.2...._--hl-,_~-'--r-l-"'"'----:~--"71'"":------1r.------+----+--'----t----i
,C
:.~
.~
u
•
Cl.
en

!<C:
E 1.1 ~'-#-..,,f--.....-,~"--~~--+----t---.,-----1---+------,-+----+----I
en

1·00 • =-----,o-._:...;..2..i...o-;,.,..: .....3.._o _ ___..40-.--s~o-- ..-"s'-o ......--~10-..·--,"'-o

. ......· ', -....190--.· ---'100 l··~
'l·'
Pefc:e"tage by Volume or by Weight c, or c, '

. ·•. · From Centrifugal Pumps byA~ J. Ste~anoff with permission of John Wiley & Sons .. ·.·••.· •· . .I ·. '
I . -
-. I·.-·. ·r:
. . . Critical Carrying Velocity ·ot Slurries in Pipes · . ·.i~'
-. ·c··
Asa slurry is conveyed by turbulent flow in a pipe, particles have · ., . ::.

a tendency. to settle. The critical velocity of a slurry flow in a pipe :is ...' .
'that velocity below which particles start. forming a.sliding bed on the .· .
. ·: t -.--·

i'',
bottom of the pipe which will causethe flow _to become unstable and
the pipe will eventually clog. General slurry pipeline practice Js to
design the pipe velocity to exceed the critical velocity by at least .!, .~
30 percent. _. · · · -. . . · ·.
! ' " ..,
•.••• :. Pr perties of Liquids

.)·'·-.~
. I . . . .
1

. . . . . I . .
As a very approximate guide for slurries with particle sizes under

••• 50 microns,· a minimum velocity in the range~ f 4. to 7 ft. ·per second

1

se. cond is requi~ed, p~ovided ~his velocity giv.. s turbulent conditions.

.
~
., .. ! For larger particle size slurries (over 150 rm rons) and volume con-
•:) centrations up to 15 percent,· a rough guide or minimum velocity is
14 times the square root of pipe diameter (ft.], (Durand's equation) .

•'•. J
-,

e>) There is no general method or formula tol

determine the critical
velocity of all slurry combinations, therefore, if a precise critical
~::
·-. ~}
. velocity is required, results should be obtainef by experimentation .
·j··

.. .)
"'
}· ,.. _i

)
Slurry Head Correction-Pipe Friction Loss
For a given solid throughput and pipe diameter, the lowest
. pressure. loss is ob.tain.·ed att.he transi.tion. bet'1'e.en.· laminar an.d turbu- ·.
· lent flow. Although this minimum pressureJ loss is also the most
· )

1·

I
I
.
:.
.
I
I

..)
I ;
.). I
.:.) ' econ~mica. 1 running poin. t .(pow7r p. ~r. P?und 9~ solids), .. the operating (
e1' velocity must be kept above this critical carrying velocity.
. · . . ·. . . . . I
·.
.· .. . ·.
'i
!·

··.)~
:.::.)• .·
. As with critical carrying velocities, 'many Jextensive studies have
been done with pressure grad~ent~ o.f solid I?i~tures~ A~ain, a general
purpose formula for all slurries is impractic ll to predict. However,
e:) certain guidelines can be followed. ·
,,
When the slurry contains particles unde , · 150 microns and the ";j
•'3 concentration ofthese particles: is low, and \ e fluid velocity is high
.,
•'i) ·!.

:t
enough to ensure uniform particle distribution in the pipe-under t
·. I) 11.gersoll~Dl'esSer Punlps .' Cameron Hydraulic Data·
. . . ' . . .. . . ' ·' . ..

the pressure loss is the sameas th~water-frictforiloss~ ~hich can be -

. calculated from the friction ldss charts in a previous section: (Pages.
3-3 to 3-48)
. . . . .. ·. .. ·. ..

Friction loss is also dependent onpipe roughness, ·In slurry pipeline.

design, a rough pipe design will yield a higher pressure loss capability.
Using a "C"* factor pipe. of 100 will result in a pressure loss capability
.about 100% greater than design with a 'clean-steel pipe, however ·
"C"* values of 140 are not uncornmon.with certain types of slurries.
Although slurry-pipe. friction. can be higher than .water or New-
. tol1ian fluids, many slurries have negligible head correction and can be .:
treated witha correction very nearlythe sameas clear water. Avoid
' large corrections, unless tested, since overcapacity can cause pump
problems. ·· · · · · · · · · · ·

In c~lcul~tingand/or ·est~rnating pipe friction losses.·forslurries,jt _·._

. has been common practice, for many years, to use the Hazen and · ·
·.Williams empirical formula discussed on pages 3~7.and 3:8. ·This
. formula is convenient to use and experience has shown, Jhat · with
, the selection of th~ .proper friction factor ''C" willproduce reli3.ble
results. · . . . . . . ... . .

. Both the Darcy and Hazen-William~ formulas can be .usedfor

slurry pumping with appropriate experience correction factors:The >
Hazen-Williams formulais moreconvenient .inthatt'C" values can . '
•··:····.·1·. I.

..
•··
• !~~ .
·.-- \.
. ,.

····~·,
'\.

•·. ·.
I \
r
, .. ,
: ... .-'
SECTION 5 -
..-•'>,
•( ':)

. . :C,
• : .}
:
. -,
j.
STEAM DATA

' .
.
"
.·

/ .
·.· .

. .
. I .
.

I .
 . . . .

1:,.
.
. .

1 rl lngersoll·Dresser Pumps •. · Cameron HydraulicData · ·•· . : .

·::
: ..

',"..

.. .

. . . t!t
•.
·-.:
,,
··.

; na·
CONTENTS OF SECTION 5

-s.~.
1 .......;
. .
,, :

Steam Data
·.Page
. .

Notes on Steam
.
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . · . ~ . . · . . . . ~ 5'"3 -.' · ·
. .- . .·
·1·~
Enthalpy and E~tropy-Definition . ·~· ', ; .~ .......• ', ·.. ~ . . . . 5,.4 · · f _..

Mollier Diagram · . . . . . ~. . . . . . . . . ~ . . . · ';". ·. . . •. . . . . . 5~5 ! • • • • ; • ·: c··,.

. ,\

Pressure-· enthalpy chart .. ; ... : . ~ . · .... : .. ; .. · . ~ ....... ·. . .. . 5~6

·tt·

t
. . . '· ;.:· . . - ,.· . .

Steam Tables: · . . . ; :

Temperature Data (to 7o5.4 7°F)., . ·~ ..... .. ..... ~ . ~ . : ... •· ..... 5-7
Pressure Data (in Hg Abs) .. · •· .. · -, . o.· .........• · ... 5~14 · · ~< ~ ._.
Pressure Data Imm Hg
. .
Abs) .. ; ;
. . . . .
~ > ·~
.
· ..
; .. 5-17·. ·c.:
Pressure Data (to 3208.2 psia) : 5-19
·.~
. ' .

· Superheated
.
Steam. Data
. .
.. ·. ~ •· . ~ .... . •· .....
.
~ ..
.
-: · .. ·~· ..... . · ... ~ .. ·. 5-21. .·
·, '.·
.L.. .
.

,
.,

.
. """'·":
,
Steam Data

Steam Data No es
Steam is the term usually applied to the [apor-phase of water when
this phase is reached by boiling water. Thd term vapor describes the
gaseous state of any substance, below its critical condition, from
which it can be reduced to a liquid by comp~ession. But water vapor is
usually thought of only in a mixture with air, while the word steam
has a much broader meaning. In a certain range of (low) pressures,
the terms steam and water vapor are used interchangeably.
"Boiling point" is the temperature at wh~ch a liquid boils-that is,
changes rapidly and violently into vapor, ;(or steam, if the liquid is
water), through the. ap.pli.·cation of heat.. Wh~. en the p.ress.ure e.xert. e.d
upon the liquid is 760 mm Hg or 14. 696 lb per sq in abs., the boiling
point of water is 212°F or l00°C. The te perature.at which water
boils varies, however, with the pressure; ~ ater may· actually ·boil at.
1

fre.ezing. t·e.mpe~a.. ture (32°F). p~ovid~d the.· ·pressure. ~s held· down. to

. 0885 lb per sq in; on the other hand its ma imum boiling temperature
(the critical temperature), is approximately 705°F, under a pressure m
of some 3200 lb per sq in: . . . I · · mi(
Steam, or water vapor, is invisible. On~· through partial conden-
sation do:s i~ appear as a.mist. S.te.am m.a r exist either in saturated
form, while in contact with water, or as superheated steam, after
separation from the water from which it was generated and further
heating. Saturated steam. may
.. . .
be dry . orlI wet; in
. .
the latter
.
case -It
. . - . . . : . . .

. I ~· Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data·

1 cu ft of dry air weighs 0.08073 lb, and TIO.of dry air occupies .
12.387 cu ft at pressure of 14.696 lb per sq in absolute and a temper-
ature . of 32°F.
.. ~ .. . . . . ..

·The amount of heat requiredto transform a· liquid into its vapor,

the temperature remaining constant, is . called the latent heat of.· '
vaporization. The value of the latent .heat varies with the .pressure ·
under whichthe liquid is caused to vaporize.
The latent heat of vaporization of water to steam· is 970.3 Btu per· ~
~ .. '

lb at atmospheric pressure .
. · The Btu .(British thermal unit). is equivalent to 778.0 ft-lb.. which
is the heat energy required to raise the temperature' of l lb of water ' '
1 °F in the range from 32 to 2l2°F. In the metric system use is made ·
· of the term calorie (cal) or gram-calorie which is the heat required ·•
to raise. the temperature of I: gram of water i-c
within the range
0. to lOO~C .. The· kilogram-calorie or large calorie is 1000 gram- .
· calories.Jn modern practice the Joule .isused as· a measure of energy .. · . ·
It is equivalent to 0. 7376 ft-lb. · · .·. -. .
-. .. : ·

The output of a steam generating plant is often expressed in · ·. j

· pounds ofsteam delivered per hour. Since the steam outputmay vary. · · :t
-. in temperature and pressure, .theboiler capacity is more completely . · ··,' :J
expressed-as the .heat transferred. in Btu per. hour, Boiler capacity . . ~;
is usually expressed as kilo Btu (kB)/hour which is iooo Btu/hour.'
.--,
....
,,
Steam Data

•·'···,:
-'~\

-~•.:.
Mollier Diagram for Steam

··~.

.
Entropy. B!u/lb. F
1.0 I.I I 2 1.3 l .£ 1.5 I 6 1.7 I8 1.9 2.0
1650,
I
&'-,
1600
,'--,
' '
1550

1500

rt·
14501 . .

1400 1-400

1350 I 1350

1300 1300

11·
I
!!!
1250 I I 1250
.e
:I
iii I ·1
:I
iii
......
,.;.
...~ 1200 1200

~
I ...c
&.
~
115(1
! 1150
I
i I
1100. 1100
I

1050 !
I
I~ Ingersoll-Dresser
. . . . . . . .

Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data

· · Pressure-enthalpy Chartfor Steam

.,·,
. :\
...
~
•'· . f, ·.
l.
=~ .
. 700

. . ;ii
.·_.· ·j
,· ft
 Steam Data
t·
l
'
Properties of SaturatedSteam-TeJperature Table
Vacuum
in Hg Specific Total heat or enthalpy
ref to volume Btu/lb·
Absolute Pressure 29.921 in sat vap
Temp bar. at ft3/lbm water . evap steam
F in Hg mm Hg
I lb/in~ 32F v. hr h,•. h.
32 0. iB03 4.581 i 0.08859 I . 29.741 3304.7 . -0.0179 1075.5 1075.5
32.018 0.1805 4.585 0.08865 29.741 3302.4 0.0003 1075.5 1075.5
33 0.1878 4.77 0.09223 29.734 3180.7 0.989 1074.9 1075.9
34 0.1955 4.96 0.09600 29.726 3061.9 1.996 1074.4 1076.4
I
· 1073.8
35
36
0.203
0.212
5.17
5.38
0.09991
0.10395
29.718
29.710
2948.1
2839.0
3.002
4.008 1073.2.
1076.8
10n.2 l
i!
37 0.220 5.59 0. 1081.5 29.701 2n4.4. 5 013. 1072.7 1077.7
38 0.229 5.82 0.11249 29.692 2634.2 6.018 1072. 1 1078.1
39 0.238 6.05 0. 11698 29.683 2538.0 7.023. . 1071.5 1078.5

40 0.248 6.29 0.12163 . 29.674 2445.8 8.027 1071.0 1079.0

41 0.257 6.54 0. 12645 . 29.664 2357.3 9.031 1070.4 1079.4
42 0.268 6.80 0.13143 29.654 2274.4 10.035 1069.8. 1079.9
43 0.278 7.06 0.13659 2191.0 11.038 1069.3 1080.3
! .
29.643
44 0.289 7.34 0. 14192 29.632 . 2112.8 12.041 1068.7. 1080.7

45 0.300 7.62 0.14744 29.621 2037.8 13.044 . 1068.1 1081.2

46 0.312. 7.92 0.15314 . 29.610 1965.1 . 14.047 1067.6 1081.6
47 0.324 8.22 0.15904 29.597 1896.5 15.049. 1067.0 1082.1
48 0.336 8.54 0.16514 29.585 1830.0 16.051 1066.4. . 1082.5
49 0.349 8.87 0.17144 29.572 . 1766.2 17.053 1065.9 1082.9 -.
so 0.362 9.20. 0. 17796 . . 29.559 1704.8 . 18.054 1065.3 1083.4
51 0.376 9.55 0.18469 29.545 1645.9 19.056 1064.7. 1083.8
52 0.390 . 9.91 0.19165 29.531 1589.2. 20.057 1064.2 1084.2
53 0.405 10.28 0. 19883 29.516 1534.8 21.058 106i6 1084.7
54 0.420 10 67 0.20625 29.501 1481.4 22.058 1063. 1 . 1085.1

55 . 0.436 11.06 0.21392 29.486 1432.0 23.059 1062.5 1085.6

56 0.452 ' 11.47 0.22183 . 29.470 1383.6 24.059 1061.9 1086.0
57 0.468 11.89 0.23000 29.453 1337.0 25.060 1061.4 1086.4
58 0.485··. .12.33 0.23843 .· 29.436 1292.2 26.060 1060.8 1086.9
59 .: 0.503 12.78 0.24713 29.418 12491 27.060 1060.2 . 1087.3
 .•
-·(-
__
I~-Ingersoll-Dresser I
· .'

Cameron Hydraulic Data

·
Pumps

Properties of Saturated Steam~ TemperatureTable ·'(e-ont.)

·Vacuum
··in Hg Specific Total heat or enthalpy
i ·. --
.,ti-.
ref to volume Btu/lb \
~bsolute Pressure 29.921 in sat vap ~
. · 1
Temp bar. at ft3/lbm water· evap steam
F in Hg mm Hg lb/in2 32F Va h, . htR h,

e
80 1.032. 26.21 0.50683 28.S89 633.3 48.~037 1048.4'. 1096.4
81 1.066 ·._ 27.08 0.52364 28.855 614_ 1 49.035 1047:8 1096.9

.--
82 1.101 27.97 0.54093 •. ZB.820 595.6. ·50.033 1047.3. 1097.3
83 1.138 28.89 0.55872. 28.784 577;6. 51.031 1046.7 1097.7
84 1.175 29.84 0.57702 28.746 560.3 52'.029-
. 1046.1 1098.2

.<~
85 1.213 30.81 0.59583 28.708' . _543.6· 53.027 1045.6 1098.6
86 1.253 31.81 0.61518. 28.669 527.5 54.026 1045.0 1099.0
87
88
89
1.293.
·1.335··
1.377
32.84
33.90 -.
34;99
0.63507
0.65551
0.67653.
.. 28.628
. 28.587
. · . 28;544 ·.
511.9
'496.8
432:2
55.024
. 56.022
57.020
1044.4
. ,1043.9
1043.3 .
1099,5
1099.9
.·.1100.3
...
~- . <. ·.
90
91
1.421
1.467
36.10
• 37.25
o.69013
0.12032
28.500
.. 28.455
468.1
· . . 454.5
-. 58~018
59:016
1042.7
1042.2
1100.8
1101.2 ft
92 1.513 . 38.43 0.74313 . 28.408 441.3 .. 60.014 1041.6 '.
104~ .o
1101.6
.
.
· - c-·--. .

••
93 1.561 39.64 0.76655 . . 28.361 428.6 61.012 11p2:1 .
94 1.610. .. ·_ 40.89 0.79062. 25:3;2 416.3. -· 62.010 ·. . '1040.5. 1102.5 ~-
. ~-
95 1.660. 42.165' I Q.81534 · · .· 28.261 404.4 . 63.008 1039 .. 9 ... 1102.9 .

96 1.712 _43.478 0.84072 25,210>· 392.9 . · 64.006 1039.3 . 1103.3

97. 1.765 . 44.826 0.86679· >20.151 381;7 ·.,65._005 103B.8 _-· 1103:8
.·.· f._'

'.(·••
98 1.819 . . 46:210 . 0.89356. . . 28;102 370.9 .··.· . .': 66.003 . 1038.2 . 1104.2
99 '.' . 1.875 47.631 0.92103 28.046 360.5 .: 67.001 . . · 1037.. 6 1104.6.

100 1.933 49.090 0.94924 27.989 350.4 67.999 .1037.1 _.· 1105.1
101 1.992 50.586 ... 0:97818 27.930 .. 340.6 68.997 : 1036.5 -. . 1105.5
102. 2.052 52.123 . 1:00789. 27.869. 331.l 69.995 . . 1035:9 1105.9
103 2.114 53,700 . 1.03838 27.807 . 322.0 . 70.993 .• 1035.4 1106.3
104 2.178 55.317 . 1.06965 27.743 . 313.1 71.992 1034.8 1106.8_

io5 . 2.243 56 .. 976 .· .1.10174. .: 27.678 ·.. 304.5 . 72.990 . · 1034:2 .· '1101.2
106 2.310 58.681 -1.1347 27.611 73.99 _.·_. 1033.6 . 1107.6
296.18 ---·~
107 2:379 60.424. 1.1684 27.542 . 288.11 · ·-· 74~99 1033.1 .. , 108.1
 Stearn Data

Properties of Saturated Steam-TempE rature Table (cont.)

Vacuum
in Hg Specifiic Total heat or enthalpy
I
ref to volume Btu/lb
I
Absolute Pressure 29.921 in sat vap
Temp bar. at ft3/lbn; water evap steam
F in Hg mm Hg lb/in~ 32F v, hr hr .. h~
130 4.526 114.96 2.2230 25.395 157.3' 97.96 1019.-' 1117 8
131 4.648 118.06 2..2830 25.273 153.4"! 98.95 1019 3 t 118.2
132 4.n3 121 .25 2.3445 25. 148 149.6E 99_95· 1018.7 1118.6
133 4.902 124.50 2.4074 25.020 145.9E 100.95 1018.1 1119. 1
134 5.032 127.82 2.4717 24.889 142.4 101.95 1017.5 1119:5
135 5.166 131.23 2.5375 24.755 138.94 102.95 1016.9 1119.9
136 5.303 134.70 . 2.6047 24.618 . 135.5-i 103.95 1016.4 1120.3
137 5.443 138.26 2.6735 24.478 132.29 104.95 1015.8 1120.7
138 5.586 141.89 2.7438 . 24.335 129.,, 105;95 1015.2 1121. 1
139 5.773 145.61 2.8157 24.188 126.0i 106.95 1014.6 1121.6
'
I
140 5.882 149.41 2.8892 24.039 123.0Q 107.95 1014.0 1122~0
141 6.035 153.30 2.9643 23.886 120.01 108.95 1013.4 1122.4
142 6.192 157.27 3.0411 23.730 117.22. 109.95. 1012.9 1122.8
.143. 6.351 161.32 3.1195 23.570 114.4$ 110.95 1012.3 1123.2
144 6.515 165.47 3.1997 23.407 . 111. 7~ 111.95 1011.7 1123.6
145 6.681 . 169,71 3.2816 . 23.240 109.1· 112.95 1011.1 1124.0
146 6.852 174.04 3.3653 23.069 106.5!~ 113.95 1010.5 1.124.5
147 7.026 178.46 3.4508 22.895 104.1 114.95 1009.9 1124.9
148 7.204 182.97. 3.5381 . 22.718 101. 7~B 115.95 1009.3 1125.3 .
149 . 7.385 187.58 3.6273 22.536 99.3!b . 116.95 1008.7 1125.7
150 7.571 192.30 3.7184 22.351 91.or 117.95 10oa;2 1126.1
151 7.760 197.11 3.8114 22.161 94.84 118.95 1007.6 1126.5
152 7.954 202.02 3.9065 21.968 92.68. 119.95 1007.0 1126.9
15.3 B.151 201.04· 4.0035 21.770 90.57 120.95 1006.4 . 1127.3
154 . 8.353 212.16 4 1025 21.569 88.5*. 121.95 1005.8 . 1127.7
155 8.559 217.39 4.2036 21.363 86.5~ 122.95 1005.2 1128.2
156
157
158
8.769
8.983
9.202
0
222.73
228.18
233.74
4.3068
4.4122
. 21.153
20,938 ·5i
84..
82.6
123.95
124.95
1004.6
1004.0
1128.6
1.129,0
• 4.5197 20.719 80.8 125.96 1003.4 1129.4
 .

I~ Ingersoll-Dresser
·. . -.. .

Pumps ·camerori Hvdraulic.Data. . J . . , . eII

Properties of Saturat~d -Steam~ Temperature Table (co.nt.) . -e_·
..

vacuum ~
. in Hg··· Specific Total. heat or enthalpy .. ·~·
ref to . volume Btu/lb

(
·-.,,_.-,-
Absolute Pressure · 29.921. in sat vap·
Temp bar. at · ft3/lbm water evap steam
F in Hg mm Hg lblin~ 32F v~ hr hra h~·

180 15.293 388.42 7.5110 14.629 50225 148.00 . 990.2 1138~2 ..

181 15.635 397:12 7.679 14.287 49.194 149.00 . ·. 989.6 1138.6
182 15.983 405.96 7.850 13.939 . 48.189 · 150.01 989.0 1139.0
183 16.339 415.01 8.025 13.582 47.207 .151.01 988.4 1139.4 ·.
' 13.220 ·.· 46.249 152.01
184 16.701 424.22 8.203·· 987.8 1139.B

185 17:070 "433.58· 8.384 12.851 45;31;3 .,

153;02 987.1 1140.2 .
186 17.445 443.09 8.568 . . 12.477 44.400 . . 154.02· 986.5 1140.5
187 17.827 452.81 8.756 . 12.094 . .43.508. 155.02 985.9 1140.9 ··:.

lBB 18.216 462.69 8.947. 11.705 42.638 ·. 156.03 ·.·985.3 1141.3 .

"_.C.·:
189 18.611 : 472.72 9.141 . · .. 11.:31_0 41.787 . 157.03 984.7 1141.7. . .. -,

190 19.016 483.02 '9.340 .· i0.905 - 40.957 .· •. 158.04 984.1 1142.1

191 19.426 493.41 . 9.541 .• 10.496 r,
40; 146 ,. 159.04 983.5 1142.5
192 19.845 . 504.06 ·. >9.747 ,. "
·,
10.076 . 39.354 160.05 · 982,8 ... 1142.9 .
193 20.271 514:87 ~.956 .... 9.651 38.580 161;05 982.2 1143.3
194 20.702 ;525.84.
"
.10.168 ·; . 9.219 .37.824 . ,· 162;05 981.6 1143.7 ..

I,
l
.. I.
.195 2r,144 53·(06 10.385 8.777 . 37.Q86. ., -163.06 . 981.0 . 11.44.0
196 21.592. 548.43 10.605 ',.
8.329 .36.364 . . 164.06 980.4 . 1144.4
197 22~050 '560;07 10.830 .·. . 7.871 35.659 . 165.07 .: 979.7 1144.8
198
... - 22.·5·1~~· 571.86 . 11.058 - ·. i.407 ·- 34·.970. . ·. -166:08- 979.1· .·1-145.-2
199 22.987 583.86 11.290 i 6.935 . 34.297 167.08 979,5· • 1145.6

200 23.467 596.06 11 .526 6.454 33.639 168;09 977;9 1'46.0

II
201 23.956 608:48 11.766 5.966 32.996. .169.09 ,. 977:2. .1146.3 . I ·.'~.
202
203
204
24.456
24.960.
25.475 .:
621.15
633.97
647.05
12.011
12.259
12.512
5.467
4.962
4.447.
32.367
,'. ~1.752
31. 151
170.10
171;10
172.11
976.6
976.0
975.4
1146.7
1147.1
, 147.5
,._.·Cc:
v,

.•
205 26.oOO. 660.40 .. 12.770 3.921 30.564 173. 12 974.7 .. 1147:9
206 26.531 .673.89. . 13.031 3.390 : 29.989 '174.12 974,1 i 148.2
207 27.073 687.65: 13.297 . . 2~848 . 29.428 175.13 .· 973.5 .1148.6 · .. :, . l ·•
 ,,.
Steam Data.

·Properties of Saturated -- Steam~TempJrature Table (cont.)

Entropy,
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Btu/lbm x F
Specific
Abs volume Sat Sat Sat Sat
Temp press ft3/lbm liquid Evap vapor liquid vapor Temp
F lb/in2 v. hr hr, hi Sr s .. F

212 14.696 26.799 180.17 970.3 1150.5 0.3121 1.7568 212

213 14.990 26.307 181 17 969.7 1150.8 0.3136 1.7552 213
214 15.289 25.826 182.18 969.0 1151.2 0.3151 1.7536 214
215 15.592 25.355 183.19 968.4 1151.6 0.3166 1.7520 215
216 15.901 24.894 184.20 967.8 1152.0 0.3181 1.7505 216

220 17.186 23.148 188.23 965.2 1153.4 0.3241 1.7442 220

224 18.. 556 21.545 192.27 962.6 ,1154.9 0.3300 1.7380 .224
228 20.015 20.073 196.31 960.0 1156.3 0.3359 1.7320 228
232 21.567 18.718. 200.35 957.4 1157.8 0.3417 1.7260 232
236 23.216 17.471 '204.40 954.6 1159.2 0.3476 1.7201 236

240 24.968 16.321 208.45 952.1 1160.6 0.3533 . 1.7142 240

244 26.826 15.260 212.50 949.5 . 1162.0 0.3591 1.7085 244
248 28.796 14.281 216.56. 946.8 1163.4 . 0.3649 1.7028 248
252 30.883 13.375 220.62 944.1 1164.7 0.3706 ·. 1.6972 252 i.I
256 33.091 12.538 224.69 941.4 -. 1166.1 0.3763 1.6917 256
I

260 35.427 . 11.762 . i

-·
228.76 938.6 1167.4 0.3819 1.6862 260
264 27.894. 11.042 232.83 . 935.9 1168.7 0.3876 1.6808 .264
268 40.500 10.375 236.91 . 933.1 1170.0 0.3932 1.6755 268
272 43.249 9.755 240.99 930.3 1171.3 0.3987 1.6702 272
2-76 ~46.147 - - - 9.180- .. -.245708 - - -92-(:-5 - -1-H2.5 - - -0;4043. - - -1:6650 - - - 276 -

280 49.200 8.6439 249.2 924.6 . 1173:8 · o.4098 1.6599 280

284 52;414 8.1453 . 253.3 921.7 1175.0 ·.· 0.4154 1.6548 284
288 55.795' .. 7.6807 257A 918.8 1176.2 . 0.4208 1.6498 288
292 59.350 7.2475 261.5 915.9 1177.4. • 0.4263 • 1.6449 292
296 63.084 . 6.8433 265.6 . 913.0 1178.6 . 0.4317 . 1.6400 296

300 67.005 6.4658 269.7 910.0 11.79.7' 0.4372 . 1.6351 300

304 71.119 6.1130 273.8 . 907.0 1180.~ 0.4426 .1.6303 .304
308 75.433 5.7830 278.0 904.0 ·1162.' . . 0.4479 1.6256 308
312 79.953 5.4742 282 1 901.0 1183. . . 0.4533 .1.6209 312
 ~

1 ·~· l~gersoll·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

Properties of Saturated ·Steam-Tempetature

.Tabl~ (cont.)···.·.·
Entropy,
Enthalpy, Btu/lbrn Btu/lbm x i=
Specific
Abs volume Sat Sat .. Sat Sat
Temp press ft3/lbm liquid Evap vapor liquid vapor· Temp
F lb/in2 VR .hr •'
htg h, Sr s, F
400 247.259 1.8630 375.1 825.9 . 1201'.0 0.5667. 1.5274 .• 400
404 258.725 1.7827 379.4 822.0 1201.5 0.5717. 1.5234 404
408 270.600 1.7064 ·. 383.8 818.2 ·1201.9 -: ·o.5766 1.5195 408
412
416
282.894
295;617
1.6340
. 1.5651 "
388.1
. 392.5.
..
. 814.2 .
810.2 .~~~~::· . 0.5816
. 0.5866··
1.5157
1.5118··
412
. 416

420 308.78 . . 1.4997 396.9 806.2 1203.1 •· . 0.5915 1.5080 420

424 322.39 1.4374 401;3 802.2 1203.5' .· . · 0.5964 .: 1.5042 -. 424
428 336:46 . · 1.3782 405.7 798.0 1203.7 0.6014 1.5004 428
432 . 351~00 .. 1.3218 4i0.1 793.9' 1204.0 . '0.6063 . 1;4966 ·.· 432
436 366.03 1.2681 . 414.6 . 789.7 1204.2 .0.6112 . . 1.4928 436
..
440 381.54 1.21687 .: 419.0 . 785.4 1204.4. 0~6161 1.4890 440
444 397.56 ., 1.16806 423.5 781.1 1204.6 • 0.6210 L4853 . 444
448 414.09. 1.12152 428,0 776.7 .1204.7 . 0.6259. "
1.4815 448
452 431.14 ·' 1.07711 · · ·432.5 ·772.3 1204.8 . 0.6308' 1.4778 >.452
. 455 448.73 -. -. 1.03472. 437.0 767.8 1204.8 ·. . 0,6356 1.47.41. 456
. 460. · . 466;87 0~99424 441.5 ... ·. 763.2 12o4.8 . 0.6405 1.4704 ., 460 ·.
. 446.1 . 0.6454
',

.464 485.56 . 0.95557 ·.··758;6 1204.7 : .1.4667 . .464

· 1204.6 ·o.6502 .: · . 468
,•

·468 504.83 0.91862 .450:7. 754.0. 1.4629

472 524.67 0.88329 455.2' 749.3. · .. 1204.5 • 0.6551 . 1A592 .472
476 545.11 . 0.84950. 459.9. • 744.5 '1204.3 ,. 0.6599 · 1.4555 476
.·
460 566.15 . •. 0.81717 .464.5 .739.6 1204.1 0.6648 1.4518 . 480
484
488
587.81
610.10
0.78622
0.75658
469.1 .
473.8 ·.
734.7
729.7
1203.6
. . 1203.5
. 0.6696
. o,67'45
. 1.4481
i.4444 .
484.
.·. 486 .·. .
-.
492 633.03' 0.7.2620. 478.5 .: 724.6 1203.1 0.6793 492
496 656.61 0.70100 '.483.2 719.5. ·. 1202.7 0.6842 · .: · r.4401
1.4370 . · •· . 4$96 .·
..
500 680.86 0.67492. 487.9. ·, 714.3 1202.2 0.6890 ··· 104333 . 500
504 705.78 0.64991 '' '492.7 709.0 1201. 7 .': 0.6939. 1.-4296 504
508 . 731.40 .• 0.62592. " 497.5 .703.7 .· 1201.1 . 0.6987 . l.4258 .. 508 .
 Steam Data

ropertles o . aturate team- empera ure a e con. ---·- -

Entropy,
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm. Btu/lbm x F
Specific
Abs volume Sat Sat Sat Sat
Temp press ft3/lbm liquid Evap vapor liquid vapor Temp
F lb/in2 v, hr h,i h, s, s~ F

600 1543.2 0.26747 617.1 550.6 1167.7 0.8134 1.3330 600

604 1589.7 0.25757 622.9 542.2 1165.1 0.8187 1.3284 604
608 1637.3 0.24796 628.B 533.6 1162.4 0.8240 1.3238 608
612 1686., 0.23865 634.B 524.7 1159.5 0.8294 1.3190 612
616 1735.9 0.22960 640.B 515.6 1156.4 . . 0.8348 1.3141 616

620 1786.9 0.22081 646.9 . 506.3 . 1153.2 0.8403 1.3092. 620

624 1839.0 0.21226 653.1 496.6 1149.6 . 0.8458 1.3041 624
628 1892.4 0.20394 659.5 486.7. 1146.1 0.8514 . 1:2988 628
632 1947.0. 0.19583 665.9 476.4 1142.2 0.8571 1.2934 632
636 2002.8 0.18792 672.4 465.7 1138.1 0.8628 1.2879 .: 636
..

640 2059.9 0.18021 679.1 454.6 1133.7 0.8686 1.2821 640

644 2118.3 0.17269 . 685.9 443:1 1129.0 0.8746 1.2761 . 644
648 2178.1 0.16534 692.9 431.1 1124.0 0.8806 l.2699 648
652 2239.2 0.15816 ·700.0 418.7 1118.7 0.8868 ' 1.2634 652
656 2301.7 0.15115 • 707;4 405.7 1113.1 0.8931 1.2567 . 656

660 2365:7. 0.14431 714.9 392.1 1107.0 0.8995 1.2498 . 660

II
664 2431.1 o. 13757 . 722.9 . 377.1 1100.6 0.9064 1.2425 664
668 2498.1 0.13087 731.5 . 362.1 1093.5 0.9137 . 1.2347. 668
672 2566.6 0.12424 740.2 345.7 1085.9 0.9212 1.2266 672
676 .'
2636.B 0.11769 749.2 328.5 1077.6 0.9287 1.2179 676

680 2708.6 0.111.17 758.5 310.1 . 1068.5 0.9365 1.2086 680

684 2782.1 0.10463 768.2 290.2• ·. 1058.4 0.9447 1.1984 684
688 2857.4 0.09799 115:e 268:2. 1047.0 0.9535 1.1872 688
692 2934.5 0.09110 790.S 243.1 1033.6 0.9634 , .1744 692
696 3013.4 0.08370 804A 212.8 1017.2 0.9749 1.1591 . 696

'160-- +-c--3f)~<1:3- ----o-;o75.,-9-- >---922:-r-·-· 1n:-r- ~9s:z--:- l--0~9·901 1.1 "lfU · 700
.701 . 3114.9 0.07271 828.2 159.8. 988.0 0.9949 1.1326 701
702 3135.5 0.06997 835.0: 144.7 979.7 1.0006 . 1.1252 702
703. 3156.3 0.06684 . 843.2 126.4 969.6 1.0076 1.1163 703
 . . .

I)
. _. .

Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hvdraulic

.. Data · ,;

' . . . . . . ..

··properties Of ~~lurated SteSm-PressUre; in Hg Abs ·

Absolute Absolute Absolute
pressure Temp Sp vol pressure ·Temp Sp vol pressure Temp Sp vol
in Hg F cu It/lb .. in Hg F cu ft lb <.in Hg .F cu ft.lb .
. 05 5.43 11200 . .so 58.80 ·. 1256.5 1.00 79.03 652.3
. 06 9.03 9400 . .51 59.35 1233.6 . i.01 79.33 . 646.4 ·.
. 07 12.11 8300 . .52 59.90 1210.9 1.02 79.64 640.4
.08 14.83 7250. .53 60.43 1189.5 . 1.03 79.94
. 09 17.24 . 634.4
6500. .54 60.96 1168.3 1.04 80.23 628.7
.55 61.48 1148.4 1.05· 80.·s2·· 623.1
.10 19,44 5860 .. .56 62.00 1128.6 1.06 130.81 617.5
.11 21.42 5320. .57 62.49 1110.2 . 1.07 81.10 612.0
.12 23.25 . 4960. .SB 62.99 ·. . 1091.9 1.08 81.39 606.7
. 13 24.94 4520 . . 59 63.47 . 1074,6 1.09 .
. 14. 81.67 601.4
26.53 4210 .
.15 . 26.00. 3950.
.60
.61 .·
53,95
64.43
.
·.
1057.3
1041.0
1.10
.1'11
81.95 596.2
..
(t·
C
82:23 59(2
.16 29.39 3730. :62 64.90 .: 1024.9 1.12
. 17. 82:51 586.2
30.72 . 3500 . .63 .· 65.35 1009.7 1.13. 82.78 .· 581.3 .;
. 18 .· 31:96 3310 . :64 65.81 . 994.7 . .eaos 'f:
1·,.
1.14

·1·
S7G.5
.65
.66·.
.. 67
.. 66.26
66.70
67.13 -;
980:3
966.3
952.5
. 1.15 .
1.16
. 1.17.
83.33
83.60
83.87
571.8
567;1 ·ft-:
562.5
.68 . 67.56. 939.4. 1.18 .. 84.13 558.1 . .;.~.·=
t .·

,.,
.1803. 32.00 3306. . 69 67.99 926.3 . 1.19 .· ! ·.· ·. ·. . ·
84.39. 553.7
. 19 3J.28 .·· ": 3147. . ..
~1 '
. 20 ·· 34_55·· 2997 ..' . 70 68.40 914.0. 1,20 .84.65
.21 . 35.78. 286i . . if . 68".82 . ·. 901.7 .: 1.21 84:91'
.'. 549.3
544.9
-~
-
;..i..
f
'
., •

. 22 .. 36.96 2736 . .72 .. . · 69.23 .· 889.9 1.22 ·.'.~ .· . .

85.17 540.7
. 23 38.09 . 2624 .. .73 . . 69.63' .· . 878.4 1:23 85.43. 536.6
.24 39.18 2520. ·. .74 .. 70.03 867.1 . 1.24 85.68 532.5
:r·· . •.
' ·'.,
. 25. 40:23 . 2424 . ;75 70.43 . ·856.1 .•. ·"·f . ·. L :
i.25 85.93 .•. 528.4.···
. 26 ii

;; l
41.23 2336 . .76 70.81 845.5. · .. L26 86.18
. 27 ·524.5
.26
42.22 .
. 43.17
2253.
2177.
.77
.78 .
71.20
71.58•
835.t
825.0
· 1.27
1.28
86.43
86.68
520.6 ~: l .. ---
~
.29 44.08 516.7 -~'
2106 .. ·. . 79 71.96 815.1.· 1.29 86.92 .. 512.9
..
.30 44.96 2039 . · .80 72.33 805.6 1.30 81:11 .· 509.2
.31 45.83. 1976.8.
.32 46:67
.81 72.70 796.2.· 1.31 87.41 505.6 ,,..,
·". ,\. t
1917.9 . . 82 73.06 . . 786.9 .: 1.32 .87.65
:33 . 47.413 .: . 502.0 ·::;r
1863.Q . 83 .·.·· 73.42 778.0 . 1.33 . 87.89.
.34. 48.28 •. 73.78 498.4
1810.9 . .84 . 769.2 1.34 88.12 . 494;9
.....
._:
. Steam Data

•.•:.'..-.. ,
-.

• ...
i., . . .. . . . I .
) Properties of Saturated
.. Stea~-Pressure; In Hg Abs
(Continued)

.)•;
•••
Absolute
pressure
in Hg

1.50
Temp
'F.

91.72
Sp vol
cu ft lb

445.0
Aosolute
pressure
rn Hg

2.00
Temp
·F.

101.14
Sp vol
cu ft.'lb

339.3
Absolute
pressure
in Hg

2.50
Temp
"F

108.71
·Sp vol
cu ftllb

274.9
1.51 91.93
•··'"':
442.2 2.01 101.31 337.7 2..51 108.84 273.9
1.52 92. 14 439.5 2.02 101 .47 336.1 2.52 108.98 272.9
··'') .•
1.53
1.54
1.55
92.35
92.56
92.77
436.8
434.1
431.4
2.03
2.04
2.05
101.64
101.80
101.97
334.5
333.0
331.4
2.53
2.54
2.55
109.12
109.25
109.39
271.9
270.9
1 .. 56 92.98 269.9
428.7 2.06 102.13 329.9 2.56 109.52 268.9
1.57 93.19 426.2 2.07 102.30 328.4 2.57 109.66 267.9
1.58 93.39 423.7 2.08 102.46 326.9 2.58 109.79 266.9
1.59 93.60 421.2 2.09 102.62 . '325.4 2.59 109.92 266.0
1.60 93.80 418.7. 2.10 102.78 . 324.0 2.60 110.06
1.61 265.0
94.00 416.2 2.11 · 102.94 322.5 2.61 110.19
. 1.62 264.0
94.20 413.8 2.12 103.10 321.1 2.62 110.32
1.63 263.1
94.40 411.4 2.13 103.25 319.7 . 2.63 . 110.46 262.2
1.64 94.60 409.0 2.14 103.41 .,
1.65
1.66
94.80
95.01
406.6 2.15 103.57
318.3
. 316.9
2.64
2.65
110.59
110.72
261.2
260.3 .
404.3 2.16 103.73 315.5 2.66. 110.85 259.4
1.67 . 95.20 402.0 2.17 · 103.88 314. 1 2.67 110.98 . 258.4
1.68' . 95.39 399.8 2.18 104.04 312.8 2.68 111.11 257.5
1.69 95.59 397.S 2.19 104.19 311.5 2.69 111.24 256.6

•
.
1.70 95.78 395.4 2.20 104.34 310.2 2.70 111.37
1.71 255.8
95.97. 393.2 2.21 104.50 308.8 2.21 111.49 254.9.
1.72 96.16 391.1 2.22 104.65 307.5 2.72 111.62
1.73 . 254.0
96.35 389.0 2.23 104.80. 306.2 2.73 111.75 253.1
1.74 96~54 386.9 2.24 104.95 304.9 2.74 111.88
1.75 252.2
96.72 384.8 2.25 .105.11 303.6 2.75 112.01 251.4
1.76 96.91 382.7 2.26 105.26 . 302.4. 2.76 112.13
1.77 250.5
97.10 380.7 2.27 105.41 301.1 2.77 112.26 249.7
1.78 97.28 378.7 2.28 . 105.55 299.9 2.78 112.38
1.79 248.8
97.46 376.7 2.29 105.70 298.7 2.79 112.51 248.0
1.80 97.65 374.7. 2.30 . 105,85 297.4 2.80 112.63 .:
97.83. 247.2
1.81 372.7 2.31 106.00 296.2 2.81 112.76 . 246.3
1.82 98.01 370.8 2.32 106.15 295.0 2.82 112.88 245.5
 . .

I°") lllgersoll·Dresser P11mps . · Cameron Hvdraulie

. "' ·.
Data. . ;

(Continued)

Absolute· . Absolute Absolute

pressure Temp .. Sp vol pressure: Temp Sp vol pressure "Temp Sp vol
in Hg . 'F cu ftllb . in Hg
.,F cu ftllb · in Hg<·. "F . cu ft lb
3.00 115:00 231.5 4.20 127.22 166.8 12.00 169.3 . 63.0
3.05 . 115.64 · 228.0 4.30 128.10 165.1 12.50 171.1 60.7
3.10 116~22 224.5 4.40 128.95 161.5 .13.00 172.8 58.5
3.15 116.79 221.2 . 4.50 129;79 . 1.58.2 .. 13.50 174.4 56.5
3.20 117.35 . . 217.9 4.60 130.61 155.o 14.00 . 176.1. 54.6
3.25 111:90 214.8 4.70 131.42 151.8 14.50 177.6 52.B
3.30 118.45 211.8 4.80 '132.22 148.9 · is.oo . 179.1 51.1
3.35 118.99 2QS.8 4.90 133.00 146.0 16.00. 182.1. 48.1
3.40 119.52 '205.9 5.00 133.B 143.3, '17.00 184.8 45.5
3.45 120.04 · 203.o 5.50 137.4. 131 .0. 18.00 187.5 . 43.1
3.50 120.56 140.8 120,7 ~·
200.3 6.00 19.00 . . 190.0 41.0
3.55 121.07 . 197.7 6.50 143.9 112.0 .20.00. 192.4 ' 39.1
3.60 . 104.5 ~· .
121.58 195.1 7.00 146.9 21.00 194.7 ..
37.3
3,55 122.09· . 192.6 7.50 .149.6 97.9 . . 22.00 196.9 35.7
3.70 122.57 190.1 8.00 152.2 92.2 za.oo . 199.0 34.3 ~
3.75 123;06. .. 187.7 8.50 154.7 .87.0 24.00 . 201.t 32.9
3.80 123;55 . 185A ·9.00 ·.· 82.5 25.00 203.1 3i.7 .
3.85 124.02 . 183.2 9.50 157.1
159.3 ·•· 78:4 . 26.00 205.0 30.6
. 3.90 124.49 .181.0 ·.10.00 . 161:5 74.8 27.00_.··. ;.
206.9 .29.5
3.95 124.97 178.B 10.50 163.6 71.. 4 28.00 208.7 28.5
.. .
a.oo 125.42 176.7. 11.00 . 165.5. . 68.4 29.00 210.4
..
27.6
4.10 126.33 172.6 11.50 167.4 . ss.e 29:92 212.0 26.8 .
Values trorn .05 to . 1 sos in Hg reproduced by permission from Chemic:alEngineers Handbook ~y John H. Perry. -
i
published by McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. · . · ·• · • .· . • · · .· ··• · · · · · ·.· .· · · ·.· . ··
Values from .1803 to 29.92 iri Hg calculated graphically by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps by permission of the authors
and publisher from data in "Thermodynamic Properties of Steam" by Keenan and Keyes. · · ··
For correction otobserved vacuum arid barometer to stariciardcondition see pages 7-5 to 7~10, .
 ·Steam Data lt
I
!
. Properties of Saturated Steam-· P~ssure· mm Hg Abs
'
Absolute Absolute Atisolute
pressure Temp Sp vol pressure Temp Sp •_ol pressure Temp Sp vol
mm Hg OF cu ft lb mm Hg 'F cu !~/lb mm Hg 'F cu ft1lb
1.5 8.73 9700. . 25.0 78.55 66~.3 50.0 100.61 344.4
2.0 14.50 7300. 25.5 . 79.15 65~.o 50.5 100.94 341.2
2.5 19.09 5920. 26.0 79.74 63~.2 51.0 101.27 338.0
3.0 22.91 4950. 26.5 80.33 62 .8 51.5 , 01.60 334.9
3.5 26.19 4250. 27.0 80.90 6151.B 52.0 101.92 331.9
4.0 29.05 3780. 27.5 81.46 605!.3 52.5 102.24 328.9
4.5 31.62 3380. 28.0 82.02 594.9 53.0 102.56 326.0
28.5 82.56 58S.2 53.5 102.88 323.1
29.0 83.10 575..6 54.0 103.19 320.2
29.5 83.63 566.5 54.5 103.50 317.5
4.579 32.00 3306. 30.0 84.16 55~.5 55.0 103.81 314.8
5.0 34.17 3042. 30.5 84.67 54 .0 55.5 104.12 312.1
5.5 36.55 2779. . 31.0 85.19 540.5 56.0 104.41 309.5
6.0 38.77 2558. 31:5 85.68 53~.4 56.5 104.72 306.9
6.5 40.82 2372. 32.0 86.18 524.6 ·57.0 105.02 304.4
7.0 42.75 2211. 32.5 86.66 516.9 57.5 105.31 301.9
7.5
8.0
44.55 .
46.25 .
2070.4 33.0 87.15 soas 58.0 105.61 299.5
1946.8 33.5 87.62 50~.4 58.5 105.90 297.1
8.5 47.86 1838.0 34.0 80.09 49 A 59.0 106.19 294.7 .·
9.0 49.37 1741.8' 34.5 88.55 48ft.6 59.5 106.47 . 292.4
9.5 50.83 J654.4. ..
10.0 52.21 1576.1 35.0 89.01
I
48~.o 60.0 106.76 290.1
10.5 53.55 1504.7 . 35.5 . 89.46 475.6 60.5 107.05 287.8
11.0 54.82 1439.8 .36.0 89.91 46fi.3 61.0 107.33 285.6
11.5 56.05 1380.1 36.5 90.34 463.3 61.5 107.61 283.4
12.0 57.22 1326.0 37.0 . 90.78 .45~.4 62.0 107.88 281.2
12.5 58.36 1275.8 37.5 91.21 . 451.7 62.5 108.16 279.1
13.0 59.45 1229.5 . 38.0 91.63 448.1 63.0 108.43 . 277.0
13.5 60.51 1186.2 38.5. 92.05 44d.6 63.5 108.71 274.9
14.0 61.54 1146.1 39.0 92.47 43~.3 64.0 108.98 . 272.9
14.5 62.54 1108.6 39.5 92.88 64.5 109.24 270.9
43J'O
15.0 63.50 1073.6 40.0 93.29 42 .0 65.0 109.51 269.0
15.5 64.44 . 1040.7 40.5 93.69 42d.o 65.5 109.77 267.1
16.0 65.35 1009.8 41.0 94.09 415.1 66.0 110.04 265.2
16.5 66.24 . 980.8 41.5 94.48 410.4 66.5 110.30 263.3
17.0 67.10
 .:
I~ Cameron Hvdraulic Data
·-<-
.·.
lngersoU·Dresser Pumps .I .

. ' . . . . .• . . . '

•
Properties ·ofSafurate·dStearn~" Pressure; mm· Hg Abs (cont.)'·

·.~·ee
Absolute Absolute Absolute.
pressure. Temp Sp vol. pressure Sp vol.' .pressure Temp Sp vol
mm Hg eF cu fUlb mm Hg cu ft/lb mm Hg 'F cu ftlo
···.·· .
75.0 114.50 235;1 101.0 . 125.21 .. 177.7 135.0 136. 1 135.3
76.0 . 114.97 ·.· 232.1 102.0 ' 125.57.'. 176.0 ·. 140.0 . · 137.5 130.7
77.0 115.43 229.3 103.0 125.93 . . 174.4 145.0 138.8 126.5
78.0 115 .. 89 ·. 226.5 104.0 126.28 . 172_8 . 150.0 140.2 122-6

<
. 79.0 116.34 . 223.8 105.0 126.64 171.3 175.0 146.2 106.1
. 80.0 116.78 . ·. · 221.2 '. 106.0 126:99 169.8 . . .• 200.0 .151.6 93.6
81.0 117.23 . . 218.6 .· · . . 107.0 127.33 .·. 168.3 . .: 225.0 156.4 83.8

·f<-·
82.0 117.66 . . 216.1. · 100.0 127.68 166.8 250.0 '160.8 75.9
83.0 118.10 213.7 '.109.0 120:02 .165.4 . 275_0 164.9 69.4
84.0 1. i8.52 · . 211.3 110.0 128.36 '. 164.0 . ·300.0 168.6 . 64.0

85.0 .·
86.0
.: 87.0
. 88.0
89.0
·118.95
119.36
119.78
. 120.20.
120.60
209.0.
. 206:7
204.4
202.2
· . 200.1 .
111.0
112.0
. 113.0
114.0
115.0
., 128.70 · .• . . 162.p
·. 129.03
1~9.36 .
. 129.69
130.02
·. 159.9
i61.2 ·

·. 158.6
157.3
. ·325.0
350.0
375.0
400.0
450.0
172.1
175.3
178.4
181.5.
. 186.7
59.4
55.4
51.9 .
48.7 . ·
43.8 . l
~ .... ...
-..

•(,
90.0 121.01 • 198.0 116.0 130.34 .156:0. . 500.0 191.6 . 39.7
~
91.0 121.40 .: · 158.o · 117.0· ·. 130.66 .· · · ·154.7 . •. 550.0 196.1 36.3
~.
~-·
r
r-·C·
92.0 . 121.80 . 194.0. · 118.0 130.99 . 153.5 600.0 '. 200.3 . . 33.4
93.0 . 122.19 . 192.0. ·.·119.0 · 131.30 .152.3 650.0 . 2o4.2 . 30.9
94.0 122.58 '190.0 120.0 131.62 .151.1 700.. 0 ·207.9 . 28.9

95,0 122.97 ' . 188:2 121.0 131~93 ·. 149.9 760.0 .214!.0. · 2s.0 . -~
. 96.0 123.35 . 186.4 122:0. ·' 132~24 .. .'. 148.8 .
97.0 123.73': . 184.6 . 123.0 -: 132.55 . 147.7 .•
· . 98.0 124.10 . 182.8 124.0 132.85 146.5 ':
99.0 124.47. 181 .1 . . 125.0 133.16 . . 145.4 .
. · 119.4
100.0 124.84 .130.0 . 134.7 · '. 140.2 . · ;:.t .......,
.. ·

Values from 1.5 to 4e579 mm Hg calculated from data in Chemical Engineer~s Handbook by John H. Perry, pubhshed ·! ~
by McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. . .. . . . . . ~ • '
Values from. 4 -: 579 to .7_ 60 m_lTl Hg. calc.~lated gra~hic.ally by l.ngersoll·Dres.ser Pumps by permission of the authorS · ~ ·,
and publisher from data m "Thermodynamic Properties of Steam~by ~eenan an.d Keyes.. ~:
-· -. -.·-· - :-· ·- -:-· --·.- - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - -· - - - - - - ·- - - - ~ -- -~ ·- - - - - - - - -~ ' -f - - -~ ~
. ' i :_ .It
·t .· .,,,.,
.,. ·~ Steam Data
•·• ·~ )I Properties of Saturated Stea.m-·
. ·~ressure Table

••·>
.

.•.··-1
soecmc vciume Enthalpy Entropy
ft··1om btu/lbm btuInm « F
Abs Abs

)
press
lb/in~
Temp
=.F
Water
v, I Steam
v•
Water
h,
Steam
n.!'
Water.
s.
Steam
s.
press
lbiin~ .

.08865 32.018 I 1015J5 ·

0.016022 I 3302.4 0.0003 0.0000 2:1e12 .08865
0.25 59.323 0.016032 I
I 1235.5 27.382 1067!4 0.0542 2.0967 0.25
:'·"\
. I
0.50 79.586 0.016071 i 641.5 47.623 109613 0.0925 2..0370 0.50
'
1.0 101.74 0.016136 II 333.60 69.73 1105J5 0.1326 1.9781 1.0
3.0 141.47 0.016300 I 118.73 109.42 1122J6 0.2009 1.8864 3.0
6.0 170.05 0.016451 I 61.984 138.03 113412 0.2474 1.8294 6.0
10.0 193.21 0.016592 I 38.420 161.26 114313 0.2836 1.7879 10.0
14.696 212.00 0.016719 I 26.799 180. 17 115oj5 0.3121 1.7568 14.696
15.0 213.03 0.016726 26.290 , 81 .21 1150J9 0.3137 1.7552 15.0
20.0 227.96 0.016834 20.087 196.27 1156j3 0.3358 1.7320 20.0
25.0 240.07 0.016927 16.301 208.52 1160;6 0.3535 1.7141 25.0·
30.0 250.34 0.017009 13.744 218.9 1164!1 0.3682 1.6995 30.C
35.0 259.29 0.017083 11.896 228.0 116711I 0.3809 1.6872 35.0
I
40.0 267.25 0.017151 10.4965 236.1' . 1169)8 . 0.3921 1.6765 40.0
45.0 274.44 0.017214 9.3988 . 243.5 117210 0.4021 1.6671 45.0
50.0 281.02 0.017274 8.5140 250.2 -. 1174 1 0.4112 1.6586 50.0
55.0 287.08 0.017329 . 7.7850 256.4 1175 9 0.4196 1.6510 55.0.
60.0 292.71 0.017383. 7.1736 262.2 .· 1177J6 . 0.4273 1.6440 60.0

65.0 297,98 0.017433 6.6533 267.6 1179[ 1 0.4344 1.6375 65.0

70.0 302.93 0.017482 6.2050 272.7 1180l6 0.4411 1.6316 70.0
75.0. 307.61 0.017529 5.8144 277.6. 1181f 9 0.4474 1.6260 75.0
80.0 312.04 0.017573 5.4711 282.1 1183i 1 0.4534 1.6208 80.0
85.0 316.26 0.017617 5.1669 . 286.5 1184f2 . 0.4590 1.6159 85.0

90.0 320:28 0.017659 4.8953 . 290.7 1105L3 .0.4643 1.6113 90.0

95.0 324.13 0.017700 4.6514 294.7 11861.2 0.4694 1.6069 95.0
100.0 327.82 . 0.0.17740 4.4310 298.5 1187!.2 0.4743 1.6027 100
105.0 331.37 0.01778 4.2309 302.2 110S:.o 0.4790 1.5988 . 105
110.
- - - - .. 334.79
·- --
0.01782
- - - ·- - -·- ·-- - 4.0306
-~-· - - - -- -305.B
- -·-· ·-· -
11--·-1
aS:.9· •. , _o~~- - ~ !.:~~§Q_ .. .: J1Q

~~~~::
_I
115. 338.08 0.01785 3.8813 309.3 0.4877 1.5913 115
120. 341.27 0.01789 . 3.7275 312.6. 0.4919 ·1.587.9 120
125.
I) . Ingersoll-Dressel' Pumps Cameron Hvdraulic.Data ·.
. ~.. .
•

-~-
• •• •
·.9'
•• •

Properties of Saturated Steam~Pressure Table (cont.)·

ff41
--
. . ,
< •
Specific volume Enthalpy · Entropy
lt'ilbm btu.tom btu.lbrn · F
Abs
. Water. Abs
f'I
<•
press Temp Water ·Steam. Water Steam Steam
lb11n~ press
'F v, .. v.:. h, h. .s, .,. s • lb·in~ .'
260 411.07 0.01880 1.65049 367.1 1202.3 0.5805 1:5166 280
290 414.25 0.01885 , .59482 390.6 1202.6 o:s844 1.5135 290
300 417.35 . 0.01889 1.54274 394.0 1202.9 0.5882 l.5105 300
310 420.36 0.01894. 1.49390 397.3 1203.2 0..5.920 1.5076 310
t!
.,·Cc:J
320 423.31 0.01899 . 1.44801 400.5 1203.4 0.5956 1.5046 320
330 . 426.16 . 0.01903 1.40480 403.7 1203.6 ·.o.5991 1.5021. 330
340 428.99 0.01908 . 1.36405 406.8 1203.8 . 0.6026'' . 1.4994 340
350 431.73 0.01912 l.32554 409.8 1204.0 .. ·. 0.6059 1.4968 350
360. 434.41 0.01917 1.28910 412.8 1204.1 . 0.6092 1.4943. 360
380 439.61 0.01925 .. 1.22177 418.6 1204.4 0.6156 1.4894 380

•cct
400 444.60 O.Q1934 1:15095 424.2 1204.6 . o:s217 1.4847 . . · 400
450 . 456.28 0.01954 1.03179 . 437.3 . 1204.8. . .•. · 0.6360 1 .4738 450.
500 467~01 0.01915 . 0.92762 449.5 1204.7 .0.6490 1.4639 . 500
550 476.94 0.01994 0.84177. 460.9
47. 1.7 1204.3. 0.661 l l.4547
". ,. 550
600
0

486.20 0.02013 -. 0.76975 . 1203.7 •. . 0.6723 1.4-t61' 600·

.
. 650 '494.89 0.02032 0.70843 ,• 481.9 1202.8 · . · 0.6828 •. -1.4381 650
700 50.3.08 . · 0 .. 02050 •.· 0.65556 •.· 491.6 .: 1201.5·· 0.6928 1.4304 700.

.....
750 510.84 0.02069 . 0.60949 . '• 500.9. : .1200.7 . 0,1022 -. 1.4232 750 ·.
:
800 518.21. .: 0.02087 0.56896 509.8 1199.4 ... .,
··. 0.7111.
850
.. .. 1.4163 .. 800.
.· .. 525.24 0.02105 0.53302 • .. 518.4 1198.0 . · 0,7197 1.4096 850 .
.. 'IP'"

Cfl·
.. ..
900. 531.95 0.02123 0.50091 526.7 ': .' '1196.4 .. o.7279 '·. .· 1.4032
950 !~00 .
538.39 0.02141 0.47205 534.i. . 1194.7 0.7358 .· 1.3970 950. ·.··. ·..
.

1000 544.58 0.02159 0.44596 542.6 1192.9 0.7434 1 .3910

1100 1000'
556.28 0.02695 . 0.40058 .557.5 . . 1189.1, . 0.7578 . l.3794 1100
1200 567.19 0.02232 0.36245 571.9 1184.8 0.7714 . ·• 1:3593. 1200

t.·.
1300 577.42 . 0.02269 0.32991
..
. 585.6 ~- .
1180.2 0.7843 1,3577 1300
1400 587.07 0.02307 . 0.30178 590.a·. '1.1753 0.7966 . 1.3474 1400 .
1500 596.20 . . 0.02346 . 0.27719. 611f ·,·1170.1 .• 0.8085 ' 1.3373
1600 1500
604.87 0.02387 .·. 0.25545 624.2'' 1164.5 0.8199 L3274 1600
1700 613.13 0.02428 0.23607. ·. 636.S ·. 1158,6 . . 0~8309 1.3176 . 1700 .: _..
1800 621.02 . 1152.3. . '·
0.02472. o.21861 · · 6_48.5 -.' 0.8417
 •.,,•·= \
· Steam Data
-
.

·~•
!

..
Properties of Superheated steam

.;•.•··-.\
.,
i
•. , I Abs
·. I press
lb·in' Temperature-1 ~egrees Fahrenheit
(sat Sat Sat
temp-F) water steam 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1 Sh 191:.26 298.26 398.26 418.26 598.26 698.26 798.26

(101.74) v 0.01614 333.6 452.3 511.9 571.5 1131 .1 690.7 750.3 609.8
, 1241.8 1288.6
1105.8 1195.7
. )
I r. 69.73 1136.1 1384.5 1433.7 1483.8

·-)
s 0.1326 1.9781 2.1152 2.1722 2.2237 2J2100 2.3144 2.3551 2.3934

•··~'
I

5 sh 137.76 237.76 337.76 4~7.36 537.76 637.76 737.76

•·.:,")
) (162.24) v . 0.01641 73.53 90.24 102.24 114.21 1 ~6.15 138.08 150.01 161.94
h 130.20 1131.1 1194.8 1241.3 1288.:? 1 ~35.9 1384.3 1433:6 1483.7
s 0.2349 1.8443 1.9369 f9943 2.0460 2 0932 2.1369 2.1776 2.2159

10 sh 106~79 206.79 306:79 406.79 506.79 606.79 706.79

.-••~
(193.21) v 0.01659 38.42 44.98 51.03 57.04 63.03 69.00 74.98 80.94

•>·;
.:• h 161.26 1143.3 1193.7 1240.6 1281.8 1i33s.5 1384.0 1433.4 1483.5
s 0.2836 1.7879 1.8593 1.9173 1.9692 2~0166 2.0603 2.1011 2.1394
•c:1. 14.696 sh 88.0ci 188.00 288.00 sss.oo. 488.00 588.00 688.00
(212.00J v 0.0167 26.799 30.52 33.963 38.77. ~2.86 46.93 51.00 55.06

..·-~·\
·.,I'
h 180.17 1150.5 1192.6 1239.9 1287.4 1j335.2 . 1383.8 1433.2 1483.4
·s 0.3121 1.7568' 1.8158 1.8720 . 1.9265 11.I 9739 2.0177. 2.0585 2.0969
) .. I
20. sh 72.04. 172.04 272.04 ~72.04 472.04 ·. . 572.04 672.04
'·' . (227.96). v 0.01683 20.087· 22.356 25.428 28.457 . ~1.466 . 34.465 37.458 40.447

•
h 196.27 1156.3 1191 4 1239.2 1286.9 li.334.9 _ 1383.5 1432.9 1483.2
::~. 0.3358 1.7320 1.7805 1.8397 1.8921 1.9836 2.0244 2.0628
1j.9397

.,.I,
·S ..
) 40 sh 32.75 132.75 232.75 ~32.7s 432.75 532.75 632.75
et\ (267.25) v 0.01715 10.497 11.036 . 12.624 14:165. 17.195 18.699 20.199
.1·).: )
h
s
236.14
0.3921.
1169.8 .
1.6765
1186.6
1 6992
1236.4
1.7608
1285.0'
l.8143
r685
333.6
.8624
1382.5
1.9065
1432.1
1.9476
1482.5
1.9860

I
]°"'"
) 60 sh .. 7.29 107.29 207.29 407.29 507.29 607.29
(292.71) v 0.1738 7.174 7.257 -. 8.354 9.400 0.425 11.438 12.446 13.450
J h 262,21 1177.6 1181.6 1233.5 1283.2 332.3 1381.5 1431.3 1481.8
e:)· s 0.4273 1.6440 1.6492' 1.7134 1.7681.· f .8168
I
1.8612 1.9024 1.9410

60 sh 87.96 187.96 287.96 387.96 . 487.96 587.96

e:) I
 . : . . . . .·. •' .

1 ·~ lnger~oHsDresser Pumps Cameron HvdraulicData .; .

. Prop·erties· of· Superheated-Steam ·(c·ont.} .:

Abs _.

press
lb/In: Temperature-degrees Fahrenheit
(sat Sat Sat
temp-F) water steam .600 700 8.00 900 1000 .1200 1400.

180 sh - 226.92 326.92 "

426.92 526.92 626.92 826.92 1025:92
(373.081 p 0.. 01827 2..5312 3.4093 3.7621 4.1084. 4.4508 4.7907 5:4697 6.t363.
h 346.19 1196.9 1324.0 1375.3 .: 1426.3. 14n.1 1529.7 1635.9 1745.3'
s 0.5328 1.5543 1;6900 1.7362 1.n04 1.8176 1.5545 .1 ..9227 .1.9849 ..

200 sh 218.20 318.20 418.20 518.20 ·- . 618:20 818.20. 1018.20

(381 .80) v . 0.01839 2.2873 ._
3.0583. -. 3.3783 . 3,6915 -· • 4.0008 4.3on 4.9165 ·5:5209
h 355.51 1198.3 1322.6 1374.3 .·· 1425.5 - 1477.0 1529. r 1635.4 . 1745.0
S· . 0.5438 1.5454 . 1.6773. 1.7293 .·.• 1.7663 . .1.8057 1.8426 1.9,109 1.9732

220 sh 210.12 310.12 410.12. 510.12 .610.12 810.12 1010., 2

(389.88) ·v 0.01850. 2.0863 2.7710 3.0642··- .·,·3.3504: 1.6327 3.9125 4.4671.. .··5.0173
h 304.17 1199.6 .1321.2 1373.2 1427.7 1476;3 1528.5 1635.0 .1744.7 '.
s 0.5540 1.5374 ., 1.6658 1.7128 1.7553 1.7948 1.8318. 1.9002 1.9625
.
:
240
:
sti ·. 202.61 302.61 402.61 ·, •· 502:61 . 602.61 •. 802.61 - · .1002.61
(397.39) v · .· .· 0.01860 1~9111·· 2.5316. _. 2.8024 3.0661 . 3.3259 3.5831 4.0926- : 4:5977 _.

h. 372.27 . 1200.6 . 1319.7 1372.l . 1423.8. 1475.6 . 1527.9 .r 1634:6. . 1744.3

s ·- . 0.5634 .1.5299 l.6552 1.7025 ,1.7452 . - 1 :7848 . 1.8219 : 1.8904·_ ·. 1.9528-.
..
. 260 sh' 195.56 ·295.'56'. 395:55··. 495.56. .· 595.59 795.56 . :955.56
·. (404'44) .v .0.01870 1.7742· 2.3289' 2.5808 •.2.8256'· 3.0663 · ". 3.3044: . . - 3.7758 - 4.2427
h 37'.9.90 . ·1201 :5. 1318.2 1371.1 >1423.0 _.·• 1474.9 1527.3 1634.2··· 1744.0 .
s 0:5122 - 1.5230' 1 ,6453 - .. 1.6930··. 1..7359. - 1.7756 .1.8128- 1.8814. .1.9439-
280 sh 188.93 . 288.93 .· 38S.93- . 488:93 . 588~93 . 188.93 .· 988:93
(411.07) v . · . 0.01880··· 1~6505 :
2.1551 2.3909 2,6194 . . 2.8437 3;0655 3.5642 - . 3.9384
h 387.12. .1202.3 1316.8 1370.9' 1 ~22.1 1474.2 · 1526.8 · 1633.B · 1743:7
s 0.5805. 1.5.166 1.6361 . 1.6841 1.7273 . 1.7671. 1.8043 : 1.8730 .1.9356

300 sh .. 182.65 282.65 .. . 382.65 482.65 582.65 '782:65 .' 982:65

(41_7.35) 'II 0.01889 1.542'7. 2.0044 2.2263.·. .2.4407. 2~6509 .· ·- 2:0505 3.2688. 3.6746 .
h 393.99 1202,9 1315.2. 1368.9 .1421.3 1473.6 ·. 1526.2 1633.3 · ·- 1743.4
s 0.5882 1:5105 1.6274 1.6758 1.7192 1.759i 1.7964 J.86'52 . 1.9278

350 sh 168.27: 268.27 468.27 - 568.27 ., 768.27 <968.27

.\•·:· Steam Data

•'•··~· : Properties of Superheated Stf am {cont.)·

.I•·.:.'\ Abs
press
lbiin;
i
I Temperature -degrees Fahrenheit

•·.~••!~· :
(sat Sat Sat
temp-F) water steam 700 800 . 900 1000 1200 1400 1500

.•··:
800 sh 181.79 281.79 381.79 481.79 681.79 881.79 981.79
(518.21) v . 0.02087 0.5690 0.7828 0.8759 0.9631 1.0470 1.2093 1.3669 1.4446
h 509.81 1199.4 1339.3 1399.1 1455.8 1511.4 1622.7 1735.7 1792.9
s 0.7111 1.4163 1.5484 1.5980 1.6413 1.6807 1.7522 1.8164 1.8464
~-"\
' :' 900 Sh 168.05 268.05 368.05 468.05 668.05 868.05 968.05
(531.95) 0.02123 0.5009 0.6858
.:<\
v o.n13 0.8504 0.9262 1.0720 1.2131 1.2825
h 526.70 1196.4 1332.7 1394.4. 1452.2 1508.5 1620.6 1734.1 1791.6

.)
s 0.7279 1.4032 1.5311 1.5822 1.6263 1.6662 . 1.7382 1.8028 1.8329

•") 1000
(544.58)
sh
v 0.02159. 0.4460
155.42
0.6080
. 255.42
0.6875.
355.42
·0;7603
455.42
0.8295
655.42
0.9622
855.42
1.0901
. 955.42
1.1529
I .
h 542.55 1192.9 1325.9 1389.6 1448.5 11505.4 1618.4 .1732.5 1790.3
s 0.7434 1.3910 1.5149 1.5677 1.6126 1.6530 1.7256 1.7905 ·· 1.8207
.i)
1200 sh 132.81 232.81 . 332.81 432.81 632.81 832.81 . 932.81
.!.':)
. .. (567.19) v 0.02232 0.3624 0.4905 o.sers 0.6250 0.6845 0.7974 0.9055 . 0.9584
h 571.85 ·. 1184.8 1311.5 1379.7 1440.9 1499:4 . 1614.2 1729.4 1787.6
s 0.7714 1.3683. 1.4851 1.5415 ". 1;5883 1;e298 1.7035 1.7691 . 1.7996

1400 sh 112.93 212.93 312.93 412.93 612.93: 812.93 912.93

(587.07) v 0.02307 0.3018 0.4059 0.4712 . 0.5282 0.5809 0.6798 . 0.7737 0.8195

•
h 598.83 1175.3 1296.1 1369.3 · .1433.2 1493.2 1609.9 . 1726.3 1785.0
s 0.7966 1:3474 1.4575 1.5182 1.5670 1.6096 . 1.6845 1.7508 1.7815
1600 Sh 95.13. 195.13 295.13 395.13 595.13 795.13 895.13
(604.87) v 0.02387 0.2555 0.3415 0.4032 0.4555 0.5031 0.5915 0.6748 . 0.7153
h 624.20 1164.5 1279.4 1358.5 1425.2 1486.9 1605.6 1723.2. 1782.3
s 0.8199 1.3274 1.4312 ·1.4968 1.5478 l 1.5916 1.6678 1.7347 1.7657

1800 sh 78.98 178.98 . 278.98 t 378.98 578.98 778.98 878.93

(621.02) . v·
h
0.02472
648.49
0.2186
1152.3
0.2906
1261.,
0.3500
1347.2
0.3988
1417.1
I .10.4426
480.6
0.5229
1601.2
0.5980
1720.1
0.6343
1779.7
s 0.8417 1.3079 1.4054 1.4768 1.5302 1:5753 1.6528 . .1.7204 1.7516

2000 sh 64.20 164.20 264.20 364.20 564.20 ·. 764.20 864.20

(642.76) v 0.02565 0.1883 0.2488 . 0.3072 0.3534 . 0.3942 0.4680 0.5365 0.5695
 '<
. ' . · . . . . .

I' Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps CameronHydraulic Data

.• tit.
Abs
press
1o·in~
Propertles of Superheated Steam ·(cont.)·.· .:
·.

Temperature-degrees Fahrenheit.
··---~·-

· . ·· f.l:·
<
(sat
ternp-F) 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

5000 v 0.0338 0.0591 0.1038 0.1312 0.1529 · 0.1118 0.1890 · .: 0.2050 0.2203

tit
h 854.9 1042.9 12529 1364.6 1452.1. 1529.1 . . 1600.9 1670:0 1737.:

s
s 1.0070 1. 1593 l.3207 1.4001 1.4582 1.5061 1,5481 1.5863 . 1.6216

6000 v .0.0298 0.0397 0.0757 ... 0:1020 0.1221 0.1391. 0:1544 . . 0.1684. 0.1817
h 822:9 945.1 1188.8 . 1323.6 1422.3 1505.9 1562.0 1654.2 1724.2
s . 0.9758 1.0746 .. 1.2615 1.3574 1:4229 1.4748 . ·1.5194 l.5593 . ·. 1.5960
. .
v 0.0334·· ·.0.0573 . 0.0616 0.1004 ·. 0:1160 0.1298 .. ·0:1424. . 0.1542
· tt
7000 0.0279
h 806.9 901.6· 1124:9 1281.7 1392.2 1482.6 · . 1563.1 . 1638:6 1711.1
s 0.9582 1.0350 1.2005. 1.3171 1.3904 '1.4466 1.4938 1.5355 1.5735

8000 v
h
0.0267
796.5
0.0306 •. .
.. 879.1
1 .0122
0.0465 -. 0.067t.
1074,3 .. 1241.0
1.1613 ..1.2796
0.0845 •.
. 1362.2
. 1.3603
0.0989
. 1459.6
1.4208
0.1115
.: ·.·1544.5 ·
1.4705 .
o.1230
1623: 1
1.5140
0.1338
1698.1 ·.C
s 0.9455 1.5533
· 1.•'

l!,.,
.. . .
9000 v 0.0256 0.0288 0.0402. .• 0.0~68 0:0724 0.0858 0.0975. 0.1081. 0.1179
h' 789.3 864.7- 1037.6 . . 1204.1 1333:0 . 1437.1 1526.3 1607.9 1685.3
s 0.9354. · '. 0.9964 1.1285 .· · 1.2468 1.3323 . 1~3970. 1.4492 1.4944• -1,5349·.

10.000 'ii 0.0251 0.0276 ' 0.0362

..
0.0495 .: 0.0633 •. 0:0757. 0.0865 0.0963 . •. · o: 1054
h 783.8 . 854.5 1011.3 1172.6 : 1305.3 1415.3 1508.6 .1593. l•. .1672.8
. s· 0.927o . 0.9.842 1_.1039. 1.2185 1:3065 . 1.3749 1.4295 1.4763 1.5180.

·c·I
-. .
11.000 ·v 0.0245 0.0267 . 0.0335 0.0443 .. 0.0562 -. 0.0676 0.0776. ' 0.0868 0:0952

.-.
h . . 799.5 846.9 . 992.1 1146.3 •.. 1280.2 1394.4 1491.5 .. ·. ·. 1576;7 . . 1660.6 . . '
s o.9196 0.9742 1.0851 1.Hl45 . ' 1.2833 1.3544 1.4112 1.4595 1.5023.
.
~..
12.000 v 0.0241 ' 0.02.60 . · 0.0317 0.0405 . 0.0506 0.0610 0.0704 0.0790 .· 0.0869·' -. ..·

(
h 776.1 ·841.0 977.8 1124.5 1258.0 1374.7 1475.1 1564.9 1648.8·
s 0.9131 . 0.9657 .. U)701 1.1742· ' 1.2627 1;3353 (3941 1.4438 . ·1A5n·
.' '
13.000 v 0.0236 o.6253 -. ·. 0.0302·· 0.0376. · ·o.0466 0.0558 0.0645. ·. 0.0725 0.0799 .I
!
ti 773.5 836.3. : 966.8 1106.7 1238.5 1356.5 . . 1459.4 1551.6 16~7.4 ·t
s . . 0.9073 0.9582 1.0578 1.1571 1.2445 • 1.3179 .•. 1.3781 1.4291 .: 1.474, I
.•.. !
•·••-· -,'
.•·
Steam Data

,'., Theoretical Steam Rates, Condensing for Engines and Turbines

·~•··1
.
.
· · lb per hp-hr
,' '

. I
Exhaust pressure-in Hg abs

••·-·,
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
\i
• Initial
temp 150 lb gage 175 lb gage
•• OF 365.8°F saturated steam 377.4°F saturated steam
. ~~
365.8 8.35 8.13 7.85 7.53 7.14
377.4 8., 1 7.89 7.64 7.34 6.97
400 8.17 7.95 7.67 7.36 6.99 8.00 7.78 7.52 7.23 6.87
450 7.92 7.70 7.44 7.15 6.78 7.74 7.53 7.29 7.01 6.66
500 7.67 7.45 7 .22 6.93 6.68 7.50 7.30 7.07 6.80 6.46
550 7.42 7 .22 . 6.98 6.72 6.38 '7.25 7.07 6.84 6.59 6.27
600 7.18 6.98 6.76 6.51 6.. 18 7.02 6.84 6.63 . 6.39 6.08.
650 . 6.95 6.76 6.55 6.31 6.00 6.79 6.62. 6.43 6.19 5.90
700 6.72 6.53 . 6.34 6. 1 1 5.82 . 6.58 6.41 6.23 . 6.00 5.72
200 lb gage I · 250 lb gage
387.8°F saturated steam ! 406°F saturated steam

387.8 7.92 7.71 7.46 7;19 6.84

406.0 7.62 7.43 7.20 6.95. 6.62
450 7.61 7.41 7.17 6.90 6.57 7.39 7.20 6.99 6.74 6.43
500 7.35 7 .16 6.95 6.68 6.37 7.15 6.97 6.76 6.52 6.22
550 7.12 6.94 6)3 6.48 6.18 6.92 6.75 6.55 6.32 6.04
600 6.90 6.72 6.52 6.29 5.99 6.69 6.53 6.35 6.13 5.85
650 6.67 6.51 6.32 6.10 .5.81 6.49 6.33 6.15 5.94 5.68
700 6.46 6.30 6.12 5.91 5.64 6.28 6;13 5.96 5.76 5.51
750 6.25 6.10 5.93 5.73 5.47 6.08 5.94 5.77 5.58 S;34
300 lb gage · 1· ·· 400 lb gage
421.7°F saturated steam . 448.1 °F saturated steam.
 . . . . . . . .

. ·I ~ Ingersoll-Dresser Purn.ps
. . '

Cameron Hydraulic Data

. . ..

Theoretical Steam Rate-s; Condensing: for--E'.nglnes. and. torbfnes

. lb per hp".ht

Exhaust pressute=- in Hg abs . · · ·

3.0 2.5 2.0. 1.5 1.0 ·' 3.0 ' 2.5 2.0
Initial
temp · · 1000 lb gage . 1200 lb gage
aF 546.4~ saturated· -steam 56'8~8°F saturated-steam ·

700 5.51 . . 5A1 5.28 5.15 4.97 . · ··

4.80' 5;27 5.17 ' .5.07, (77
•'

750 5.31 5.21 5.10 4~97 4.94

BOO 5.14 5.04' 4.93 4:81 ·. 4,65 5.08 4.99 4.89 4;77 4.:62
850 4.97' 4.88' 4.78 4.o5 4~50 ' 4.91 ·4.83 4.73 4.61 5.46
900 . · 4.81 -. 4.73 4.63 ', .4.52 4.37 ,4.76 -. , 4.67 4.58 4.47 4.33
950 4.67 4~59 '·4.49 4.38 4.24'· .. ·. 4.61 ' 4.53 4.44 4.33 4.20
1000 4.52' 4.45' 4.36 4.26' 4;12 .5.47· 4.39 4.31 4.21·.· 4.08

..
'.
··.

Theoretica I Steam Rates, · N on-con densi ng

''

lbperhp-tu ·.·.
:
 Steam Data
. . . . . . ... . I . . .

Theoretical Steam Rates, Non-Condensing

for Engines and Turbines-lb1 per hp-hr
150 lb gage, 365.8°F saturated [steam
I
Initial temperature, °F

Exhaust
365.8 400 450 500 550 600 I 650 700 750 800

press Initial superheat F

lb/sq in
gage 0 34.2 84.2 134 184 234 284 334 384 434

0 14.4 14.1 . 13.6 13.1 12.5 12.0 11.5 11 ;0 10.5 10.0

5 16.2 15.7 15.1 14.6 13.9 13.3 12.7 12.1 11.5 11.0
10 17.9 17.4 . 16.7 16.0· 15.3 ' 14.6 13.8 13.2 12.6 12.1
15 19.6 19.1 18.3 17.5 16.6· 15.8 15.0 14.3 13.7 13.1
20 21.3 20.8 19.9 19.0 18.0 17.1 16.2 15.5 14.8 14.1
25 . 23.2 22.6 21.6 20.5 19.4. 18.4 17.5 16.7 15.9 15.3
30 25.0 24.4 23.3 22.1 20.9· . 19.2 18.8 .· 18.0 17.2 16.4
35 27.1 26.4 . 25.2 23.8 22.5 . 21.3 20.2 19.3 18.5 17.7
40 29.3. 28.5 27.1 .25.6 24.2 . 23.0 ·21.8 .·20.8 19.9 19.0
45 .31.7 30.8 29.3 27.7 26.0 24.7 23.5 22.3 21.4 .. 20.5
50 . 34;3 33.3 31.6 29.7 28.0 ·26.5 . 25;2. 24.0 22.9 22.0
60 40.2 39.0 36.8 34.6 32.6 30.9 29.3 28.0 26.8. 25.6
70 47.3 45.8 43.2 40.5 38.2. 36.2 34.3 32.8 31.4 ·30.1
. 80 .... .... 51.2 48.1 45.3 42.9 40.8 38.8 37.2 35.6
90 .... .... .... .... ff If 51.7 49.2 47.0 44.9 43.0

200 lb gage, 387.80 F saturated1steam

Initial temperatur e, °F
 . .

I) ln!fersolM>resser Pumps ·. ·. Cameron Hydraulic Data

--- · · -- ·- Theoretical Stearti Rates, Non~Condensillg.
· for Engines and Turbines ·
.
250 lb gage, 406.0°F saturated steam

:
·Initial. tempera tu re, OF
406 450 soo: 550 600 650 700 750· 850
Exhaust
press -lnitial superheat, °F
lb/sq in
gage 0 44 94 144 194· 244 294 344 394 444
'.

0 12.1 11.7 .: 11.3 10.9 10.4 .10.0 9.6 9.2 8.8 8.5
5 13.3 12.8 12.3 · -11.a 11.4 10.9 . . · 10.4 10.0 9.6 9.2
10 14.4 . 13.9 13;3 .,
12.8 12.3 11.7 11.2 10.7 .10.2 ,' 9.8
15 15A 14.9 14.3 13.7 13.1 12.5 .11.9 11.4 10.9 ' 10.4
:

.13;2 .ras
''

20 16.5 · 15,9·.-· 15.3 14.6 13.9 12.0 11.5 • 11.0.

25 17;5 16.9' 16.2 15.4' 14.7· 14.0 .•· 13;3, 12.7 12.1 11.6.
30 18.5 17.9 ' 17'.1 '16.3 15.5 '14.7 • 14.0 13.4 12.8 12.2'
40 20.7 ',
19~9 ' 19.0 18.1 17.2 . 16.3 '-15.5 14.7 :, 14.1 .• 13.5
.50 22.9 22.1 21.0·· 19.9 .: 18.9-· 17.9 17.0 16.2 15.5 . 14~6
60 25.3 24.4 23.2 '21.9 -. 20:7 :19$ 18.6 17~8 17.0 16.3
:
10 . ·' 27.9 26.8'' 25.4 : 24.0- ·22.T 21.5 20.4 -. · ···19.5 .18.6 17.8
80 30.7 29.5. 27.9 26.3. 24.8 1·
23.6 22.4 21.3.' 20.4. J9.5 "

90 " 33.8 32.5' ,· 30~7 ·28.8 27.2 25.8 2.4.5: '23.3 22.3 21.4
100 '37.3 35.8' 33.8 '31.7 29.8 28,3·· 26.9 '25.6 24.5 23.5
120 .· .· 45.7 ,'• 43.7. _··41.0 .· 38;5._ 36.3 34.4 32.7 31.2 29.8 ·, 28.6

300 lb gage;_421.7°F saturatedsteam

Initial temperature,/F ·• >

·:·~! · .!
Steam Data
• • !

::-~, -~--T-h-e-or-e-ti_c_a_l S_t_e_a_m_R....a-te_s_,_N_o_n_-C_.-on_d_e_n-+1~-in-g-.-(C_o_n_t-in_u_e_d_)__

-•.~\
•· :
•·""":

)
1
. for Engines and Turbines · .:
400 lb gage, 448.1°F saturated steam

Initial temperature, OF
·

••
.)···;~ 448.1 500 550 600 650 700 1750 800 850 900

.:~
•. '"! Exhaust I
press Initial superheat, jF
lb/sq in
gage 0 51.9 102 152 202 252 302 352 402 452

:~1·~·.~:\,;
i
I
• . •. •
.o 10.6 10.2 9.8 9.4 9.0 '8.7 8.4 8.0 7.7 7.4
5 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.1 9.7 '9.3 8.9 8.6 8.2 . 7.9
10 12.2 11.7 11.2 . 10.8 ' 10.3 9.9 9:5 9.1 8.7 8.4
20 13.7· 13.0 12.5 11.9 11.4 10.9 10.4 '; 10.0 9.6 9.2
30 15.0 . 14.3 13.7 ·13.1 ,' 12.5 11.9 11.4 10.8 10.4 9.9

.•-.)"'~
40 16.3 ' 15.6. 14.8 14.1 . 13.5 12.8 12.2 11.7 . 11.2 10.7
•·.)· 50 17.6 16.8 16.0 15.2 14.5 13.8 13.1 12.5 11.9 ' 11.4
•:.-·j 60 18.9. 18.0 17.2 16.3 15.5 1.4.7 14.0 13.3 12.8 12.2
.) 80 21.7 20.6 19.6 18.5 17.5 ·16.6 15.8 15.1 14.4 13.8
100 24.7 23.4 22.2 20.9 19.7 18.7 17.8 17.0 16.2 15.6
·~· :::;. .
120 27.9 26.5 25.0 23.5 22.2 21.0 .20.0 19.1 18.2 17.5

·~•>. .
140 31.6 29.9 28.1 26.4 24.9 23.6 22..4 21.4 20.5 19.6
•';: 160 35.8 33.8 31.7 29.7 28.0 26.5 25.2 24.1. 23.0 22.1
180 40.7 ' 38.4 35.8 33.5 31.7 30.0 28.5 '27.2 26.0 25.0
200 46.6 43.7 ·'40.6 38.1 36.0' 34.1 ·32.4 30.9 29.6 28.4
,,
) 600 lb gage, 488.8°F saturated i~team
~)
lnitial temperature, °F .
 . . . . . .

I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps ·. Cameron Hydraulic Data

Approximate Turbine Efficiency*·~ Rankine-Cycle .. ·

..3600
· .·rp m . · ·
~so~· ....._-'--..---..--..----r-....,_.--r--r---.---...---....----------.
I
>-
u
z·
~10---~---+----'-+---1f--+-+-t--~
<..)
u;
u,
w
6Qi-o----li---;....--1~.4-.:....,.,..i•£......1f.-.-:-l-:7"~;_____;,_-+-__,..--1----'--_._;;__--1-~
w·
....J
·~ .150 l)sig TURBINE RANKINE CYCLE EFFICIENCY
u SO 300 psig FOR . APPROXIMATIONS ONLY
W . . . CONDENS.ING
.· ~ 600 psig II . · ... · . .: . . .
2 Hg Abs, Exhaust -100° F Superheat
. ::=ie::
Z
.
. . .
3[00 RPM .
4d "-.--........__........__.___.___..__.__-.__~--'---'---'----'--__;._-'-'--.--'-I
<t
a:: 200 300 40.0 . 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 .
. TURBINE HORSEPOWER o;.1343 -".

~
I
>- .
U70f----'---+----+--,.,..--+--+-"'1'-~---+-::~;__6,..oo<=..+---~~---'--i
z
w
u
.: '. I Steam Data
•. ·< ------.-. -.-----. -.-- ..~ ..~. -. ~.-.--"!"'I-.---------
. ". Corrections to Rankine.Cycle Effi~iency Curves
•
· · · · - Superheat Corrections · ·

....
•:'··,
•.. i

Single-stage ·
)
Multi-stage
Non-condensing
Type of turbine Non-c bndensinq Condensing
Add or subtract
'.

Correction method to or from RCE Multiply Multiply

I

·Superheat
0°F add 0.6 J.963 0.977
·100°F - ~.000 1.000
. 200°F Subtract 0.6 .012 1.018
· 300°F Subtract 1.2 .015 1.034
'

. . .
Speed Correction Mul!1pherfor S~eeds Other Than
r1

· .· . 3600 rpm Multi-stage Turb1 es Only . .

Non-condensing . Condensing ·

RPM. .·3000 5000 7500 10,000 ssoo I 5000 7500 10.000

•
I
BHP I
500 1.000 1:030 .1.036 1.018 .1.000 . 1.000 1.000 1.000
.1000 1.000 1.013 1.006 0.982 1.000 1.000 1.000 • 1.000
2000 1.000 1.001 0.980 0.940 1.000 1.000 1.000 .0.957
3000 1.000 0.997 0.968 0.920 1.000. 1.000 . 0.984 0.929
5000 1.000 0.994 0.959 0.902 1.000 . 1.000. 0.955 0.895

EFFICIENCY
. Page 5-30 gives approximate Rankine cycle efficie: cies (RCE) for single-stage·
 I~ lnger~oH•Dresser Pumps Cameron HydraulicData a•
••
l ..t)i .
--..
.. - .. . .· ·. . . . .. . ·.

.· ..

For flow problems involving gas ~)1' vaporthe Darcy formulae are: . ·
.'le
er:
DVp .• = dY = 6.32 \\" _ 22785 Qp __ 3-_,8_'.9_q_p .1 •

e:.t!
R= 12v .· dz dz i - .
32.174 u
. · . fLV~s.1
I
I.

hw _:_ 0. 0027 45 . . < i .

ct
,(
· ·.·. . fL v-:. fLV2p 43. 53 fLQ2p
hp= 0.001295· dw - gd - ! -·
.•l· .·c-.
24

••.,
.

· ... .. .)'

' i ..

- - - - - ~ ·.- n - - i~t~;~a1 ~i ~rt - - - - - - -. - - - - - : - - - ·- - .; - - ·- - - - - ~ - · - - - - - ~ · - -_ .; ·c~.

Symbols . . .:_.:,

I'
~e--ai~
d .· in~e~nalpipe dia- ': in . ·· ... ! . -
f .· · friction factor (page 3--11} · (
g . acceleration du.e to gravity • .· · · .
· -32.174 ft/sec"
hw =pressure drop .· . . · '. · •.'.
•.•.. '.
~.
Steam Data
:· ~ -- __-_T_h_e_D_a_r-c.-,.-f-01--~-. u_l_a_c-·a-n-.
n_o_t__:b-e-. _-ap_p_l_i e_d_1_'_n-d-is-c+-ln-.m_i_n_a-te_b_· _t_O_\_ra_p_o_r_o_r

• ·' gas flow because it does not take into account thkl affect compressibility
•:~. has on velocity and density. · I

:~ 1. When h0 is less than lO'k of upstreaml pressure, reasonable

•· ,

•n
e;,.~.. 'I I

I
· accuracy is obtained. Base p and Von either upstream or down-
Stream Conditions.
2. When hp is between 10 and 40Ck of upstre
al
pressure, reasonable
.[~,
.,:~
accuracy is obtained by using p and V Based on an average of
upstream and downstream conditions. 1 .· ·
·...-~~;
er. . ,~ · 3. When hp is over 40Ck of upstream pressur divide the total length ;
; .
•" ,1 into shorter sections and add the pressure! drops for each section. i

'i
,.-,
i''

·•~s~
• . . . 'I
. . FRICTION OF STEAM INFIPES ..· i· .
. . . Use of tables arid charts, pages. 5-34 tt 5-37 and 5-39 ... · .· · '. ·• ·.· .1 ·
r·.

flow. of. 30,000.·:.lb/hr of steam at 125 lb/in' gage and l00°F of . n_·. '
•Y-)

E.~:~i!~ea. ·
.•·.:-~~
.,.·; superheatthroughBofifeetof 8~inch pipe-with two 90° elbows and one- -mllllll:
e::., . gate valve. What is the friction loss? ·
;··:
:~:)

:o/~~!~~ -;;t 125 lb/in' gage pressure will be Jpproximately 125 + 15 .1

.;!.·,
.. ·I
atmospheric pressure= 140 lb/in" absolute ~ressure. ·
•·n· • From the table on page 5-19, the temperature of 14'0 lb/in2 steam
 . . . . ·~ .

I .I lngersollaDres_ser Pump$ Cameron Hydraulic Data·

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co N !') co co. .., ccco ~en c
5 co .... C') Ill
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,. .., co co Ol IO ...... 0)
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..... .... co (') IO ll) IO IO CD co ...,. ID Ol .N IO <O N 0
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0
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 I) • lngers;oH·Dresser Pumps -. ·. · Ca~e~on Hydraulic Data ·.
. - .
- -.- FrrcficinEosstot Steam "' - ·
Based on Y2 lb gage pressure. See page 5·34.
· · · to convert to other pressures -.

FLON POUNDSI HOUR

o a· o o o o 8 0
0.
8 ·a
. 08o·g0o O·
N c<l V "1 IO CO· - N "1. V oO <O ·I& 9

o.4 FLOW OF STEAM -r---1---:--r-----J~-r--t-'-H::~-t--+----+---1'---+-1.1~-"'--l--

oa IN STANDARD .
WALL ·PIPE

0.06 +---'+----t--r.-,.~~~'"-----r-+--T--...,,..,...:.-r-.-r-HHT:t-:----:---l-+--r--,.,~.:+-.~--1-
0.05.-r ----'--+-~-t-r-:---:-t-"P'l~--,-+-r-~r--t-,.-r-t-HH----J'-t------,_+...;..-1-t-~~___;.-4'

~04-t--+----f.":--t--+-iH-1'!-t--~-t--..c.+--rt-.-r--t-7'H-t----f-""+---1---+--iR-+-....;..-J~

~03-;--,-"'r+~-+--t-+-H----J'-1-~~.,.....--r..,....,..-rr:-i--:-r-~--:-+--'-1--+-~.;...;......-J.-~
. Ii! ·.·.
a:
u,
0.02 -r--r,-,--r-~f-..,-'--:,;---j'--~--r-;-----'.-~f-r--r-1r-M,........,....---rl---+--+--+-~----:.-1-
0

§
i...
"· O.Ol -.,--r----1r-~~,..+-:-f---
~ aooe~;-......,......---+t~--,-r-r~..,...,,f-----i--f--"--:-~¥-T~-t--1---1.--~-F---1-;...;..;/...-_:...;.;.
Cl. . !
0 0.006 :,--:-~--;:---r---+-t-t-~-r--~_,..,---,--T--t-"-t-r-H-:i~--J'-t---:--"-1L-:--t~l-+---.-A-
.l5 . 0.005 +.,.-.-J~-r---r--r-t-t-t-~--t--T-:-:-:-~-yr.-t-~t-t-:;f-.,,--,~+-~r--....r--:.:~+.:-;.,;,..../...+
~. 0.004 -r---~t---t---+-:r-"-i-r:-t'--'--.:.......-1---t--;l:ff--';'"":'-t-+-i~r-"-'-f--+--+--+1--+-,...~~-I-
 Steam Data
I
I
Friction Loss of Steam (Contirued) i .

l
Based on 1/2 lb gage pressure. See prge 5·34 ;

to convert to other pressures ·

FLOW POUNDS/ HOUR

2.000 3 4 5 6 e 10.co: 2 _ "' 5 6 a 1 5 2 3 4 5 6'/\105
' !
: Q5
. 0.4
r
Q3

If Q2

0.1

· -·_.1_·~---'---___.j~-..,._!-4--t-.---'<;~--4/--.+---HL-l--l--l'>...4-+4---J.----J-_..j...-J,..;__,U.____;..---4._ 0.08
• :") i .

_,__--1------+-----+-1---..-.---...+-4-~-,_____.__,,__,_.......~--I- 0.06
/II . cos
··:~ ... ·• f,...... -· __

·)·;i .
~·1·; 0.03 ...

1111
::1'
• ;)...;!1_'-11,___-+---1--<r--J.:_..;...._4+...;-~---6-,/--..l.--4'--+-...++J~+-h,--/---J~-l--+-~---'--+-t 002 . ~

1--<;----r--_,__--r-,---+---+--+h--..---~~--+--~1--+.....+--1-~-+c-~r::+-1--~---
;---~-----r-~,.___,_.----.._..___.__-l--.j,L--4--+-- _......~----~
f
0.01
0.008
§
'i
LL.

: . I
--+----i~-+---.....;.-+--'--lr-+-t---+----.;.-F-----1--+-lf-+-if-+..,..._+-+-*--'----.,__ __ l--4---~Q0060..
_,_ ,,____ -w----~-1--1--------J.---___.j,,___.f-#.--+-~.......-....-_,_ I I o..
1---_,_~,---aooso
·1 ,. . a:
-r-..:.--,f---+---~--+--l-+-t--+---~--+-t--r-!1--f++-¥-T-h~-+c-..;._-1----t--i.---: 0.004 c .
 Ingersoll-Dresser
~ . . . .
Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data
0
Ill

0..,. .., w· o 0 (")(")

,... 0 0
U) C\I .., C\I ..
0 (")-
Ill CX) .., (")
C\I.
C")
C"l -q
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on
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(.·.

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0 \l)
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M CO C'> ..... «i
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,..... ...-. U') Cl .
,.....
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co
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C\I.
0
M LO ,..._. CX) C\I .
..- N

0
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M·..-·v
CO CO .........
o·
C\i
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"O ..... ,_ C'\I:. "l:f ,....., ..-

Cll .
(I)
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I
Steam Data

••..
"\ M('""IM-N <'>cn-,..._co Oi'<t -
OC'.;.r,o.0 c:) O> c:i oi ll'i .Q...,: ..f
'O
c
0
m ---C\IC\I (') (') '° \() <O r-..: ex> m
M 0
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.,_ ~

.•.•
co::::i ...
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eo !O

--
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Nt": .:") .0 (ci r-.:aie\i...,:.c
,...
aij ..: c-; ai
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'°
,..._ ,..._ M \0 ,..._ a:J I
, G) o 00 0
'°
ooiocn.- O!OlCO<D

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c <'i (\j t.C,...: 0.....: M .Q u) ai t'li a:J

--
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ec·~, ii 3:
- 0
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ca
a..
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.
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jC\IN.-
ti)
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t'lioioi..tai ..:!.noi~
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I
-
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c

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,.._M~M...-

11:
Cl)O)~('),...; CD CC
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.tio:ocir>
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iri ai .,., en ..,.
N '<f .......
<0 0
It).

. .
c
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g>tj i
ca c

-
->
Q) - CX) <O ...
·- Q) > - Q)
3: .c: <ii .2 cc.
.-cot-.i.o
iri<Da:)....:C')
... "' CD
i..:oiric?C\i
U')' U> ._ ii) M .a) ;....,..._
cic-;·..:oi..t
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. .- .- "' C\I M '<f IOM..,...,.IO (P, ..... ,..._Ol
:J !· !

I
C"
w
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lO V·M,...;
t'li ro; v' iri i:ci.
t-. ;DMma:JO
ai 0 '° . :
---N C\I
MMa:J,.._,..._
iri('".),...;o)...,:
N M ..,...,.\ll

Cl)

...
E ,.. N IOOln
.,...,...._NmO
Mviri<cia)
MMM·,.. C\I
ci "' .0 ci iri
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d.., ...
uJ..f..iMO 0
~ .-.- - N N MMIOln<O NCDO> ... '<t <D
I~ lngerSoll·DresSer Pumps Cameron .·Hydraulic Data·

UO/0 ,.._,,WO"! -•JI An/ft. JO "fl!•/i\

"'!'"'0-'!V
~· ~ ! ~ ! ! ~ ~· § i SR

.:
~~~~~~l
. ·..

'i----J.-_,....~Prll-lo.(· ;t,.1-.,1-W-_.;..i~..,11
.·I
R r
·. J ,'
~l.J,t.l~~4-¥+1-:f;l..4W-,J-+1;~
ID ·c

·!
•••
.,••i
·Steam Data
.~
I .

• \----------~------------+--------- ..

Psvchrometric Cha . . . .

•·.·--·~
Examples showing ·use of chart on page 5-40 ·
. CONDITI01VS: 95° dry-bulb and 75° wet-bulb : ·

••
:,
Relaiiue humi~it~: ~t interse.ction of 75° wet-bulb a".d 95° dry-bulb
the relative humidity is read directly on the purved lines as 40 per
•('~· cent. I

•.
Dew point: At intersection of 75° wet-bulb tnd 95° dry-bulb lines,
...••~""1, the dew point is read directly on horizontal tefuperature lines as 67°.
. ..
:.- •'
"
,,:~
1•;.;.l
· :· Vapor pressure: At intersection of 75° · wetf bulb and 95° dry-bulb
lines, pass in horizontal direction to left of chart and on scale read
. the vapor pressure as 0.33 lb per sq in abs. · I · . . . . . ·
! .
. Vapor pressure in inches, Hg (at 32°F) .· 2.~36 x lb/sq in .abs .. i
I
' . ·. ·. . . . ·. . .· . . i . ' I
' .
Vapor pressure in millimeters, Hg (at 32°F)i~ 5L71 x lb/sq in abs. i
.

Total heat above 0° in mixture per lb of dry air: From where wet- .· .
bulb line joins saturation line, follow 75° wet-bulb line upward to its
.

11: .ll: ..:.

. intersect.ion with s. lanti~g- sca~e at left·. of.· ·.c.·ha.m 1. rea.? 3.8c 5 Btu per !b . .
1 j
·.of dry air satur. ated with moisture. -Th e use· of this scale .to obtain ·
total heat in· the mixture at any wet-bulbtemperature is a great con- . :1·
venience, as the number Btu requiredof to1'
heat the mixture and
humid~.fy, ~s well as the·· r~frigeration ~.equir.ed ~o cool an~ dehumidify I

the mixture, can be obtained by taking the : ifference m total heat '.
 I) . lngersoll·Dresser Pumps .· . Cameron Hydraulic Data
. ... ·-· . --. . .. , '.~
Requirements
.· .
·'in .-u.s.' ... ·
gpm
.. ·.
fof Be>ne·r·
. . .
Feedin·g
. .
·.

Boiler hp gpm· lb per hr ·.Boiler hp gpm . lb per hr

50 4 1,725 2,500 172 86;250

75 5 ·. · 2,587 . 3,000 207 103,500
100 7 . :3.450 . 3,500 242 .. 120,750 .· '•
.150 10 5,175 4,000 276 138j000

175 12 .6.037 4,500 310 isszso

200 14 6,900' . 5,000 345 172~500 .
225 16 . ·. 7,762 . 10,000 ...
· 689 345,000
17 8,625 15,000 · 1,()34 517,500
. 250 ,·
. ,.
. .
20,000 • .
"
9,487.
,.

275. 19 1,387 690,000.

300 21 10,350 -. · 25,000 ,'•

1,723 . 862,500
350 .
400
24
28
12,075
·'.13,800
: 35,000
.
40 000.· . .·
.. • .·
,. . 2,413
2,759
.. 1,207,500 .
'1,380,000

500 34 . · 17,250 .. · . 45 ' 000

. . .
3,102 •
1,550,000
750 53.· . · 25,815 . 50,000 ·.3,447 . ·. 1,72s.ooo .·
·.-•· so.coo
"

1,000 69 . 34,500 4i136 2,070,000.

t.500 104 .. 51;7~0 ·: . 80_,00() -.'. . 5,515 . 2,760,0QO
2,000 13.8 .69,000 ··. · . 100;000 6,894 .·• ·.3;450,000

. Note: (a) gpm is given to the nearest whole nu·niber.. . . . . . . . .·. . .

· (b) The above water. quantities 'are based on 34.5: lb of Ylatefevaporated
per. hour from and at 21.2 deg F; The.·weight of .one gallon of water
is 'taken as being ·equal to 8.34 lb at 60 deg F.lntermediate water quan
tities in. gal per min 'are obtainable by multiplying the boiler hp by .069:
(c) In seiectirigboiler.feed'p~mps,.·the fact thatbouers are'otten runtwo
or three hundred percent of rating should_ be .taken ·into consideration.,
 . '

.·.
'
I
.,
''

I
'
". ·--·-

1·
I
I

......
, I
I
I
I \
I

..,_
SECTION 6

--
'
'I

.,_
ELECTRICAL DATA I!
I : I ,
I
iI

-
'I
: i :
f' '
I
'·
I i: !
I
. I iI
! ''
' i I

7
" Ht ~
I

,.

''

'·,

/l
.· i.
·I
'

. ''
'' ·i:
I
..
I
"

!'
i

''
. I) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps • Cameron Hydraulic. Data
. ·. .

'I ,.,
g•<
•

c•
.·te
.:
.~a:
·.··

. . . .

CONTENTS OF SECTION 6

.·c.!-
. •·
Electrical Data·
·.Page . ._.
..:·
Summary of Electrical Formulas : ~· ..". .' .. · ..... ·, ... ·.. · .: .. : -. : .. :
Motor Sele~tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .: . . · . ·• . . . . . . . . . .. ' . . . . . . . 6-4
6-3
e·-·
ii,,.
. Motor Efficiencies ~·· . . . , . . ~ . ·.· .'. . . . . . .· . . . .~·. . . . : . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

. ~~~o:~a~:: : :i:;M~fur~. .. : : . :·. i'.:. ·: : > : ·: .: : '.· : :· : . · ::::

·Motor Wiring .. · ~ ; . , ~· • .. : ;, ::·. •· O·: . , .:.· .' . 6-9 .· · · . ,·

MotorBranchCircuit Protection ; • . :· .i.:'. · .' 6-11 · · .. ~~

~-I

Properties of Conductors ..... - •. '. : - ; .· ..". ~ .. • · .. 6~12 11.

Carryil1gCap~cityof Insulated Wire:> .. ; . ; >~ , : .. 6-14 ~;

Effect of Voltag~· and Frequency Variation } . : . : : .·

··.)

6;.lfi · .
. .. •'• ~,
... Allowable Voltage and FrequencyVariations .• ·.... ; - .. 6-16 ·.
 · Electrical Data . J

[.

.~....•.
e: ·' Electrical Data
••• · Volt · (E) is the unit of electric pressure or electromotive force. It
of
•.
is the potential which will produce a current 1 ampere through a
~.)
resistance of l ohm .
;
-, Ampere (I) is the unit of electrical current ( · oulombs per sec) .

.•(""
·-:·-,, Ohm (R) is the unit of electrical resistance volts/ampere.
eu,,,: ...
Watts (W) and Kilowatts (KW) are units ofelectric power.
\_..) Kilovolt-amperes (KV A) is a measurement of a~parent electric power .

·'~)
kiliJwatt hour (K whr) is a unit of electrical enef gy or work performed ..
•
• -v-,

···'
Joule (J) metric unit of ene~gy =watt per SfC. . . I

1 Kwhr = 2,655,000ft-lb - l.341hp-hr- 3413Btu · 3,600,000joules L :

Ohm Law Relationships (direct current) ·. I . · . '·.

:

i' · ..
. . I . . . I
E =IR ~ W/I = .VWR W = PR = E2/R = El ·
I= E/R = WfE·- VWffi .. R ~~/I.· W/12 = E2/W I

Electrical Formulas Symbols as abovejplus

eff = . efficiency (expressed as a decimal) .·
pf= power factor (expressed as h decimal)
hp= horsepower output .· I
Alternating current
I . .
·
Direct . 'I
 . . .

· Il lngersOIM)resser Pumps Cameron .Hydraulic Data

"Motor selection
Motors operate successfully where . voltage . variation .. does . not
exceed · 10. percent above or . below. normal or where frequency vari-
ation does not exceed 5% above or below normal. The sum· of the
voltage and frequency variation should not. exceed 10%. . . . ...
It should be noted that such variations will affect the operating ·
characteristics, such as full· load 'and starting current, starting and ·
breakdown torque, efficiency and power factor, -, •
. .
. .,. . ·.

Standard motors are available to

meet a Wide· variety of conditions.·
In addition, special motors may be built to meet unusual conditions.* . . .
It is wise tc) go to the motor manufacturer. with the conditions of
. operation .. .: .
Information required will include: ·
Voltage ;nd: frequency of curr~nt (including probable variations •. ·
. in frequency and voltage), · · . · · · .· . . . . . .. ·
· Horsepower requirement of the driven machine ..
Whetherthe.load is continuous, intermittent or varying ...
The operating speed or speeds. .· . · · ' .. · .·
· Meth()d of starting the motor. . .
. · Type of motor enclosure=-· · such as drip-proof, splash-proof, totally· ·.
enclosed, weather . protection, explosion proof dust-ignition proof .:
or other enclosure, > · ·.•·· . •. · · · . · ·• : · . .· . · . , • . · · · ··
..
•·••••' \' ...
Electrical Data

.~.···;~.
-:
. , '
;_,..
•, 5 . 70% of full load "torque for 3600 rpm motors and 80% for . 1800 rpm .
motors.
It. is important to check the starting and accelerating ·torque
'
/'\
. requirements of the driven machine in orderl that a motor may be
selected with adequate torque e .

Manufacturers can build motors with special torque characteristics

if required.

Motor Speeds.
The synchronous speed of AC motors is det . rmined by the number
of poles and frequency.

. . . ' 120 x f
Synchronous speed==: 1where
. ·. ' . P· I .,

f .• frequency in Hertz <i4)-(cycles)

p = number of poles ·. . I . .

Induction motors will have full-load

synchronous .speed. . . ·. · · .· · . . . l. .
speedl 2% to 5% below the
· D-C motors have full-load base speeds whe : hot of 500, 850, 1150;
 . . . . .

· 1 • ingersoll·DresserPumps · i..amercn .rtydraunc uata · ·

·. · Typic,a_l Mot9r ~ha_rapt_~ristif:.~_ · . . ---·.

Single-phase~60 Hertz

Amperes~230
. .
volt
. . ·. '.
-
Approx torque=-lb-tt
Approx NEMA
.: full Typical locked NEMA Locked· . Breakdown·
Horse- load full rotor code Full rotor full-load
power rpm load (max) letter -lcad (min) .. ·.(min)
'

Y2 3530 3.5 25 N 0.75 2.3 2.0

.1730 4.0 L 1.52 5.3 3.6
.·1'140 . 5.5 K 2.30 . 6.3 , ... 5.2
¥4 3520 4.8 35 L 1.12 ·, 3.1 2.8
1735 5.5 K 2.27 7.4 5:2 .·. '
1135 7;3 L .3.47 8.0 6.9

1 3520 . 6.0. 35 K 1049 · 3.8 3.6

1725. 7.3 3.04 9.0 ..
.· 6.8.
1155 8.4. 4.55. 9.5. 9.2
. '

-
1V2 3500 8.4 50 J. 2.25' 4.5 4;5
1715 . 10.4. ·"
4.59 12.5 10.r
1150 12.5 .. ·~ 6.85. 13.0 13.8

2 3495 10.8 65 J 3.00- . 5.5 '"

. 6.0
1745 · .. 12.0 .: s.02 . "16.0 . 13;0 .·
. 18.o·
·.:· " ·.
'1155 15.2-·, "
9.09 16.0

3 3510 15.6 90 H ·. 4.49. "

7.5 8.6
·1730 17.0 .
·.9.10 22 19.0
13.6 ..
1155 17.5 -',' 23 25.8.
.,
. . . ..
.5 ., ':;
3500 22 <135 " G 7.5 11 <13.5
·1740 23 15.0 33 30.0
"• . ·:: 1145 22 22.9 .33 >40.5

7Y2 3500·. 31 ..... . 200 G . 11.2 ·.. 16 . 20.0

. . 1750 ·30 .·22:s· 45· .. · .. 45;0
. .· . .· .
.,.
 Electrical Data
.. I .
Typical Motor Characteristics (Continued)
. '
- . '
I '

Three-phase_:60 Hertz (NEMA desig~ B)

I
Amperes-460 volt I Approx torque lb-ft
Approx NEMA (Starti~t
full Typical locked NEMA · Lock Breakdown
Horse- load full rotor code · FL II rotor full-load
power speed load max letter loid (min) (min)
I

5 3500 6.7 ~.o J 7.5 11.3 16.1

1745 7.1 11).0 27.5 33.8
1155 8.1 ~.7 34.1 48.B
7Y2 3510 10.3 63.5 H '
1i1.1 15.5 22.2
1740 10.4 2i2.6 39.6 48.6
1165 11.2 ~.7 50.6· 69.1
10 3515 13.2 81.0 H 1~.9 20.1 29.8
1740 13.6 30.1 49.7 60.2
1160 15.3 45.3 68.0 90.6'
J
'
15 3505 20.1 116 G ~2.4 29.1 44.8
1750. ' 21.1 ~5.0 72.0 90;0
1170 . 21.3 7.1 93.9 134
20 3540 25.7 145 .F 24.7 ., 32.1 ·49.4
1755 26.2. G $9.8 89.7 119.6
11~0' 26.5 G. ~9.5 120.8 179.0
' ..
25 ' 3540 31.3 182.5 F ~7.1 48.2 74.2
1760 31.6 G .4.4 •' 111.6 148.8
.. 1175 33.9 F 111.8 150.9 223.6
'
30 3545 32.0 217.5. F 44.4' 57.7 88.8
1760 37;5 G $9.3 134.0 178;6
1175 39.8 G 1~.o 181.0 268
40 3550 47.8 290 G. $9.2 80.0 118.4'
1no 54.4 F 1t8.5 166.0 . 237.0
1175 52.5 G 179.5
I
242.0 359.0'
I
50 3555 60.4 362 F 73.9 88.7 147.8
1770 64.8 G. 1f.9 . 207 295.8
1170 64.0' G• 2 3.0 ' 301 446.0
'
I
60 3555 72.5 435 G ~6 106 1n:2
I;) lngersoll·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hvdraulic Data .I

Approx full Load Current of Electric Motors·

Three-pnase-e-AC motors Direct current motors

Amperes Amperes
Horse- .Horse-
power. 115 v 230 v 460 V. 575 v 2300 v power '90 v 180 v. '
240 v 550 v
1/2· 4.0 2.0 ,. 112 6.8 3.4 2.7 -
-
'•
:\-4 5.6 2.8 3/4 ·9.6 4.8 3.8
1 7.2 3.6 1 :8 1.4 1 12.2 6.1 4.7 1.8

1112 10.4 5.2 2.6 2.1 1V2 8.3 6.6 2.6

2 13.6 6.8 '3.4 2.7 2 ' 10.8 , B.5 .
3.4
3 9.6 . 4.B. '3.9 .: 3 16 12.2 5.0
..
5 15.2 7.6 6.1 5 27 20 8.2
7V2 .:
''

7'12 22 11 9 29 12
10 28 14 11 10 - 38 16
•,'

15 42 21· 17. 15 56 "'

· ... ·.23
20 54 27 .22 20 ''•
74 ''
31
25 68 ' 34 27 25 92 ', 38

8ci 40, 32 30
30
40 104 52 41 40
I' 110
146 . 46
61
50 130 · 55· 52 50 180 ·. 75 ..

60 154 71 62 16 ' 60 215 .·' 90

75 ' 96. 77 20 '75· . •'
268 . J11
100 · 124 99 26 .· · 100 '" :··' 357 148
"

...
125 156 125 31 125 ' 443· 184
150 ,180 '. ,144 37 150. 220
200 240 1_92 49 200 295
;·
''
.:

' Synchronous type AC motors

Single-phase-ACriiotors_ · · unity power. factor· ·

Amperes ·. Amperes
Horse- Horse-
v .· v v
,',

power 115 230 power 220V 440 I 550 V 2300 v

 ii · · Electrical Data
I.

. . I.
. · . . · M ot or W 1r1ng I . · .
· Not more than 3 conductors In raceway, c~ble or direct burial
Based on ambient temperature ofl30C (86F) .

Branch circuit

Approx full-load
current, amps
Minimum wire
size, type THW
orAHWAWG I
protection
Iaverage settimg-

amps
. I
Horse- Horse-
I I
.i ~.
power x1.0
I x1.25 Cu Al iFuse Breaker power i
I
115 volt-Single-phase lnductio~ Motors ~
I
i

I.
V2 9.8 12.3 14 12 30 15 Y2
~ 13.8 17.3 12 10 40 30 ~
1 16 20 12 10 45 30 1
1Y2 20 25 10 10 I 60 30 1Y2. ~
2 24 30 10 B
I 80 30 2 .
3 34 42.5 a 6 -. 110 50 3
5 56 70 4 3 150 :100 5
1V2. 80 100 3 1 100 7Y2
10 100 ·125' 1 2/0 !i ~~~
.
150 10
.·

230 volt-Single-phase lnductio~ Motors

. . I

Y2 4.9 6.1 14 12 15 15 Y2
~ 6.9 8.6 14 12 I
I 20 15 . ¥4
1 8 10 14 ·12· I
I
! 20 15 1
1Y2 10 12.5 14 12 30 15. 1Y2
2 12 15 14 12 35 15 2·
3 17 21.3 10 10 50 30 3
I;) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps CameronHydraulicData

Motor Wiring (Cohtinued) - ----

Not more than 3 conductors in a conduit, cable or raceway _ -
- Based on ambient temperature of 30C (86F) - · -,

Minimum Branch circuit

-.wire size protection
Approx full-load typeTHWor - average setttnq-«-
current, amps RHWAWG _amps
Horse- Horse-
power - x1.0 _- - xt25 _Cu - Al .Fuse Breaker power

-460 volts=-Tnree-phase Squirrel Cage Motors· -

1 1.8 2.3 14 12 15 - 15 1
11/2 2.6 - _3.3_ 14 12 15 15 - 11/2
12,
,,

2 --3.4 4,3 14 --
15 15 2
3 --- 4.8 6 14 12 .15 -- 15 3
5 7.6 9.5 14 - .12 25 1_5 5

71/2 ·11 13.8 14 12 35 , -

15 71/2
-_.10 ,_-30
--
10 14 17.5 12 45 10.
15. • ai 26.3 10 8 60 30.- 1S ,,

20 27 33.8 8.-- _8 80 - 50 20
25 -34_- 42.5 --
8 -· s .110 50 25

30 40 50 6 6 150-' - 50 , 30
40 • 52 65 , 6_- -- 4 -- '·175 - 100 -, _·40
--- 50
,

50 65 81.3 4 2_ 200 , - 100··

60 77- ._-._3 -•. - •. -225 100
--

96.3 1 .- -· 60
75 96 120 1 300 75

100 J24, 155 2/0 350 100

.-125 156 195 ,,
3/0_ _- _- 400· ·125
 . Electrical Data I
!
I;

Motor Branch Circuit.· Pro~ectiJn

. I
Devices.
If
Maximum rating or setting
I

Percent of full-load current

.
Non· Dual lnstan-
time. element taneous Inverse
delay . (time-delay) type time·
Type of motor fuse fuse breaker breaker

Single-phase, all types

No· cede-letter •............................•............ 300 175 700, 250

All AC single-phase, and poly-phase squirrel cage and

synchronous· motors with full-voltage, resistor reactor
starting
No code letter and codes F to V ....•.........•........ 300 175 700 250
Code letters B to E .................................. 250 175 700 200
Code _letter A .••.......................•... · ......•.•.. 150 150 700 150

All A_C squirrel cage and synchronous· motors with auto : i;

transformer starting . .
i
I

Not more than 30 amps-no code letter· .••......••... 250 175 700 200. . I

Over 30 amps---no code letter ........ ~ ..... : ..•.••... 200 I . 175 700 .' 200 . ! .
·Over 30 amps-codes F to V ......................... 250 175 700. .200.
Over 30 amps-codes B to E •. ; ...................... 200·· 175 700 ·. 200 ~. i
Over 30 amps~codes A ······················ ....... 150 I 150 700 150
I
High-reactance squirrel cage motor
' Not more than 30 amps- no code ...................... 250 175 700 . 250
Over 30 amps-e-no code . • • ......... . . .
• ........... ~ ...... ... ' 200 I 175 700 I
200

Wound-rotor
No code letter ..••...•...........•. · •...••••.• : •.. ·.. ·, ..• ' 150
!! 150 150.
i
700

Direct-current motors . .' . · i

:
:
. Not more than 50 hp-no code ....... , ............. ·.... 150 150 250 150
I
..
Over 50 hp7no code ....•• : : ............ : .. ~ .......... 150 150 175 150
· From National Electric Code-1975~ . · · · · · -1 · · ·. · · · ·
• Synchronous motors of the low-torque. low-speed type (usually 4SO rpm or lower) which start unloaded
do not require a fuse rating or circult-breaker setting in excess of ~00 percent of full-load current. Such
.· .
motors are often used to drive reciprocating compressors, pumps. et~. · .
. .i· ·
. . .
 .:
I~· lngersoll·Drt!Ss~rPumps Cameron .Hydraulio Data
-·e
-··· . -~Properties

Concentric lay .
of Conductors
.. .• :

-:.
conductors . DC resistance or1ms/M tt
Bare conductors · at 25=c (77°F)

i-c~
Diam ... -~
Area
Size
AWG
Area
Cir No.
each
wire· Diam sq
Copper
Alum1- · .
MCM. mits wires inches inches inches· Bare Tm'd num

18 1620 ·.0403 .0013 6.51 6.79 10.7

.-.
16 2580 .0508. .0020 4.10 4.26 '. .6:72

14 4110 -. .0641 .0032 .: 2:57 .: 2.68. 4.22. ·-.

12 6530 .0808 . 0051 1.62 . 1.68: 2.66
.1019 . 0081 1.018 1.67

·1· . ·
10 10380 .1.06 .
8 16510 .1285 .0130 ,6404 .659 ..
1.05
.. . .
' A10 .
6 26240 7 .0612 .184 .027 .427 .674 · '. · ..
.042 . .
4 41740 7 .0772 .232 . 259 .269 .424 .. .\

7 ... 0867 . 260 . 053· .. 205 ... .213 .. 336

3 52620
6636o 7 .0974 ·.. 292 .067 ;162. .169 .. 266
. fl .
2 ..
'•'· '•

1 83690 19 . 0664 ..· .332 .087 ;129·. .134 ~.211

105600 19 . 0745 .372; .109 .102 .106 . . 168

0
00 . 133100 19 .0837··
.0940 .:
.418 .. · .
.470
.137
. 173
.0811
.0642
.0843
.0668
;133
.· .105 •..
· c.·-·;
000 167800 . 19 ..
. 528 .. ..•. 219 · .. 0509 :0525· .0836

,).
19 .. 1055
· ·>· ·-· .
0000 211600
..
37 · .. 0822 .575 .260 . 0431 .0449 . •. ~0105·

· ·t_•
250. 250000 ..
. 630 . 312 . .0360 .· .Q374

'\
300 .. 300000 37 .09.00 .0590
350 . 350000 37 ·.0973 ...
.681 .364 .0308 .0320· .0505
400 400000 37 . .1040 .728 A16·· · .0270 .0278 . . .. 0442
500 500000 37 :1162 .813•· .519 .. 0216 .0222. .. 0354

I
600 600000 61 .0992 .893 .. 626 .· .0180 .. :0181 .. 0295
700 700000 61 .1071 : .964 .730 .0154 :0159 :0253
750 . 750000 61 .1109 .. 998 .. · .782 .
.0144. .0148 . .. 0236 .
. .,. .l
800 ·800000 61 . ·.1145 1.030. ·.833 :0135 .0139 ·. :0221:·
900 900000 61 .1215 1.090 .933. ..0120 . .0123 .. .0197 . '

1000 1000000 61 .1280 i.iso · 1.039 . .. .0108 .01,, •. .0177 -~·

1250. 1250000 91 .1172. •. 1.289 . 1.305 .· .00863. . . 00888 .0142:
1500 1500000· 91 . 1284 1..410 1.561 .00719 .00740 .0118. . ·1····. .~
 Electrical Data
I!
Multiplying Factors for Conv~rti·n~- Resistance -to
so-Hertz AC Resistance
- -- - I -
These apply to table on pagr 6-12

Multiplyincl factor
I

For nonmetallic For metallic sheathed

sheathed cables in air or cables or all cables
nonmetallic conduit in metal! ic raceways

Size Copper Aluminum · Copper Aluminum

Up to 3AWG 1. 1. 1. 1.
2 1. 1. I 1.01 1.00
1 1. 1. 1.01
I 1.00

0 1.001 1.000 j - 1.02 1.00

00 1.001 1.001 i
., ' ' 1.03 1.00
000 1.002 .' 1.001' 1.04 1.01
0000 1.004 1.002 .·
I 1.05 1.01

250MCM 1.005. 1.002- 1.06 - 1.02

300MCM 1.006 . 1.003 I - 1.07 1.02
350MCM - '1.009 1.004 I 1.08 1.03
j
400MCM 1 .011 1.005 .· 1 .10 1.04
SOOMCM. ·_ 1.018 1.007 -. 1.13 1.06
•.
I
600MCM 1.025 1.010 I 1.16. 1.08
700MCM 1.034 1.013 1.19 1.11
750 MCM 1.039 1.015 1.21 1.12
800 MCM 1.044 1.017 1.22 1.14
I
1000 MCM 1.067 1.026 1.30 1.19 '
1250 MCM 1. f02 1.040 I 1.41 1.27
 .

IJ lnger-olM>resser Pumps· .
. . . . ' . .

Cameron.Hydraulic Data . ·· .'·

Not more than three conductors in raceway cable or direct burial
· · (Based-on amblenttempratureot 30C (86F) .. : . - ---- ·-... - · ·· ·

Temperature. rating .o! conductor.

60C 75C 85-90 C · -. 110C 125C 200C ·

140F 167F 185-'-194 F . 230F. 257F 392F

· Types of insulation·

i~I · · . -
RH .V ,
RHW. · AVB· . . ·
RUH TA.SA.
RUW THW TBS
·. T THWN . RHH
Size AWG TW XHHW. THHN. ·AVA Al A
orMCM . UF USE.· .. XHHW . AVL. -AIA ·AA··

16 . .... ·: 22·· · · ··
25t .· ..
".· ...
14 . 15. 15 30 .. . . 30
. 12 ... 20 20 . 30t .: ' _.· 35 . 40
10 30 30
.
40t
..
45 so.
8 40 .45 so ..
60 65.

6 55 65 70
,.·
80 85 . 95 .•
4 · . 70 .•· . 85 90 105 115 -, ·•120•<.
3. 80 100 105 120 130 ·. 145
2 95 115 120 135 145 ·1ss
. .. 1 110 .. 130 140 160 · 170 . · . 190 .• _ -. ·

1/0 125 150. .. 155 190 . 200. 225·· . . ·

·. 210 145 175 .· 185 . ·.· 215 ·.·.·. ·230• ·. 250- ..
3/0 165 200 210 . 245 265· ··. 285"
4/0. 195 230 235 -•275 310 ... ·. 340
.•
 Electrical Data '. r
r
I
I

General Effect of Voltage and Frequency Variation on

Induction Motor Charactedistics" ·

...
It)

...
'<t .

...
M

a: ,__
U)
w ____.. ....... ___ >
CJ
N
+
zw
~ ::)
>
0 r-----1---t------r-----l----+-"~-H--+~,.._~t--_...-+----+----+-----4
ffi
+
0
w - a:
IL.

g
::)
r-----+----t----:+--.,...-t-----r-----:; 0
~
w
a:
u,
CJ
z
.... :c
<

~---------·
ffi r----t----+-----t-----> I

i N
...z
0

~ I w
s~
0
IL.
tt; r----.--- M
I

..,.
I

.,;
I

(D ~ N 0 N i 1.~ CO.
I
g
:

a
30NVWl::/O:U:f3d~OJ.OW NI 3~NVHO J.N3dH3d
I
i S!
+

co
+

co '
+
 · 1 ~. lng~r~oll-l>l't!s$er Pumps· . · · C~e;on Hydra\llic Data·. ..••.. ~-·

-~•·-
~'
- Allowable Variations from Rated- - ·.. ._
· _ Voltageand Frequency - _ - . ; . ,.

-~e
-,
. . . . ..

- Motors will operate successf~lly under the following conditions of

voltage and frequency variations, but not necessarily in accord~ce . ·- ~ -
with the standards established for operation at normal rating. -
Where the variation in voltage does not exceed 10 percent above or
...
--
.below normal (6percent·for small poweruniversalmotors) .. ·-_ _
Where the frequency- variation does not exceed 5 percen t above or _.
below normaL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > _-. _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ .
Where the sum of the voltage and frequency variation does .not ·- - -: · ,_
~- - .-

-. !
.

exceed 10 percent (provided the variation in frequency does not ex-.-_ . :

- . ceed 5 percent) above or below normalratings as stamped on motor .
· nameplate. _ . _- . .-_- . _ -_ . -. _ _ . _- - -_ ._ - - _- .. · .. ·.:· .. :
. .
The charts show:the_ approximate - effects of variations in voltage -· . : . . : '. . . - _·' · __

· and frequency on motor characteristics. These values should in ·no -• • - .:

-way be considered as guarantees. ·.· -

Motor Speeds ·
. -.

i -~
._
. ..\

AG-Motors. The synchr_orious speed of.a-c ~notorsis determinedby _ - . 1·- :

. :'•
,

the riumber of poles and frequency. · - · - · -· ·

_ _ Synchronous.speed = 120 x f
 .
·Electrical Data I

Full-Load Speeds of Synchrdnous

· Motors I

I II
I. !
Full-Load Speeds of Synchronous Motors
No. of
poles Hertz (Hz)
25 3f) 40 45 50 60 100.
2 1500 1800 2400 2700 3000 3600 ....
4 750 900 1200 1350 1500 1800 3000
6 500 600 800 900 I I
1000 1200 2000
8 375 . 450 600 . 675 i f 750 . 900 1500
10 . 300 360 480 540· ! I
600 ·720 1200
i
12 250 300 400 .450
i 500 .soo 1000
14 214.3 257 343 386· I 428.6. 514.2 853.2 l
16 . 187.5 300 375 450 750 !'
225 :337.5 I
18 166.6 . 200 266.6 300 I 333.3· ·400. 666.4 . I
:

20 150 180 . 240 . 210 I· 300 360 600 I

II
.

l
I
Induction motors~ have full-load sp~ds of from 2 to 6% less I
than the above, average 4% less. . / . !
i I
. . ·. . . . . i ; i
. · D-CMotors will have standard f~ll-load fpeeds, when hot, of: 575,
850, 1150, 1750, and 3500 rev per min (rpm)' · .

At normal temperature, rated load and voltage the variation above

or below the above full-load motor speeds may not exceed 7%o/o in I

motors upto 7% hp at 1150rpm,and 5o/o in motors larger than 7% hp . I

. I
I
· l)1n9ersoH·DresSer Pumps · · CameronHvdraulic Data
•.. . ..: · .·. .. .' ·.. . ·. . .•
· ti
- ·. (ft'
. . . .. > .• . . - -- - -- - -~.~-.-
!-". . . . ... ..
"<CJ) . . . ..

Et D .· .• . . . ·'. ll_,_.·
. ~ ·. -~·:J.·J-- .
____...........-----r----l
x.
s
..
' -
.· . ·. t . . (II
· ·C'
·-:.
. o
.
.. I'::""
\f )) .
'-"=A .
.

·E]I:
·+-I . ·.:
il ft
C:6.~
I .-.;........,
I

·' • t.~'
·'
.1 '

: ~-
.. I ..
 Electrical Data

II

!i (/)~:
<
~5; ;;
::t
:coco·--
........... ' .., ~ ~a:
M-
oen
M- I MCO 'MCO
oen: o~·· ON
<0•1../.
,...c.o 1•
M-
ocn
.QOU'l;
,....tO 1
M-
0:1l'OCJ>loc;,
M-•M-
II
X'.2
- _,
WW: NM
.
I•
z; w l r..C\I. "''"· NM:N~IN~ ~llNU'llM<C M<C:McO!M<C I:
. :
. --
I:
..no .r.c co co I 011> 1 o"' o o. , oo 1 .,.,.,., .r. .n • P.nln I &I) II':

~:-~~.::·::::::::
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:~;:~:::
O~IOU'l'N~
-~~:~~I~~
OOtOO•OO

: <: t: : ~~ ~~I~~
<~I,..... ...... ; C'\lf'\I ,.... .....
IJi\l')
e-, "'
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i U'hn
............
"1 ..n ~
I
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N,...:
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...... i' ............ II,.._,..._
VJ\() l.tl"'
-m:
:• ~~ t

. UJ'J::Crmco --!MM a:>- i "COM· COM -c:a;i t"':M Mt"1. MM I ("JM

~~:~~,~~
?_1tn •CO--·-- -N•-N·-N Nt"\li!NC'\11 NM '°"M, C'\I~ I t\a~

~N·~~ ~~.~~;,.._~I~~·
~~'"'~·,.._N
U")ml~m.
~~ ~J:~~i1l'Jo
NN.INNI~~
I

M~ M~ MU'l MU'llMll>~MU'l ·~~·~:•CO eC0•1'Cl)!..,.a;

1.

--t::
VJ

t:. Ii < . ~I :· ,. I ..· '• I ! .... l;

en L~~: :;; i ;; · ::g~
i
~~I~~ l ~~; ~~: ~;o I a;;n ;;a; i ~;;
.c 'j :I:~ ~~ r ~~ ~~ -~~ a)CC

·u; 0
li
j ~
-
m5100100
::t I :
oo;oo
.
oo·oc oo .. 001oo!oo•otj100100
.· I .I . !! . I
ooloc;i
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co

c
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s
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-~ . C\IN, NN NC\I
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ci:·· 'ffi•

-~ i.'"10 IO~ OU'!

I) lng~rsoll-l>reuer Pumps • Cameron Hydraulic Data · . ·. • .· . · •. . .Z:
.· :.4
. . . .. . .. ~:

-·w ·-
s
CJ)

. _J
. 0.
·I
. (9
.. c
0
w
a.. . ~-- -<(___;.---1...i
a.. ·.
· ~-·····:
.·' ·.. < .... ~

!. ·t
.· .. ·~

·I
w~--w
_____.____,,,_. . . ·. . . J_ .. :: ..

.' . · . . .• · .: ·. · .· .· ·•i. ...

·.· · u.:
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H.l.-NEMA fype.C Face-Mounted

Motors Standard Dimensions . '¢
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The following dimensions were developed jointly by NEMAand the

the Hydraulic Institute and are the same. as· those given m NEMA ~·
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. . - . - . •'.
•.
. .
Data · :

HJ.~NEMA Type .HP and HPH

Vertical Solid Shaft Motors·

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I
SECTION 7
~

. CAST IRON.~D .· I
.
.
'
I

· STEEL PIPE
. . FLANGES
. . I
Ii
I

AND FLANGEFimINGS
f
I
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'
.
I .
I
 . I) lngersoll·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data c·-., -
.

. CONTENTS OF SECTION 7
. .
.. ·:··.· .

·i···.
. -

. -
. -....

. .

· ·. CastIron and . ·
c
. ~~

Steel Pipe Flanges ...

and Flange Fittings It.
Weights of Flanged Cast-Iron Pipe. .•..... .: ..... :·-: .... : .· .
Page
7~3 !'
-. Weights of Flanged Cast-Iron Fittings · ...... .•........
· Dimensions of Cast-Iron Flanges ... ; .. ·: . .- . .. , . • ....
: ·. 7-4·
7;.5 . 1·
·C••"·
> ... , ., . ,
·. Pressure-Temperature Ratings - .. ·~' ~· · ~ , . : .... ·. -. _.- ..... :· ~ .· - ; ·~- ·7-6
. Dimensions ofCast-Iron Flanged .Fittihgs ..... ~ . •. ~· . : · · 7~7 .
.. Dimensions andWeightsof ~tee! Pipe .' ···,. : . ,• ... < .. )7-Bfhi-u'l-12.. . . . . ·. . •.

_ .. ~:;;~~:~~Z~Fia~g~~-~.•c~;-•~'.,·.·• .•· · :~·· ·c;, :-1~· .t~~:;~~·- ~.~-.· · ---t:

. Flange Ratings-300 lb.· : : . , ~:·; · '. ~ .: . · .. 7-17 · . . . t)~:
·. FFllaannggee RRaatt11~nnggss .·• 460000 llbb.·.·.· . · ~·' ·.· .. ~ ; ·; . .; '. ·• .-. : . ·7-18 . - ..
. . . . . . . . . ' .. ·• . ·;. ·~ .. ; > .. .7-19. ..It.
6
: :•.· . • FF.•llaannggeeR
Raatt1~nngg. ss. ·. 9105.00-. olblb·.· ..· ·· : -: · ...•..... ~· . , . ·7-20 . ·····1·
·;.
 -.

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·Flanges and Flange. Fittings

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lngersoll·Dresser Pumps· .: Cameron Hydraulic Data

·-.
.- ... -.~·. ·-··, ----"'-··~-- -
Approximate Weights 125lb Standard ..

· Cast Iron Flanged Fittings

•
All weights given in pounds . ~:-

·~.·
-·c~
Nominal 90< Com-.. Std
pipe 45: 90' LR Red Re- pan1on: gate
srze ells .eus ells Tees Crosses Laterals ells ducers · flanges· valves

·. -·!
1 4 5 7 9 .11 10 2 19

._
1V• 6 7 9 11 15 13 2 23
1 '12 8 9 .11 15 . 19 17 ... 3 . 27
..

2 12 14 16 21 2B 25 5 31
2112 17 19 23 30 .. 39 36 7 . 40
3 . 20 24 28 37 48 44 t ...
22 19 8 54

. ...
.•. 49 59 28 . ·24 . 11 -, :· .
27 . 31. 37 63 .. 67 •

....
3112 .·· . . .~
4 36 . 41' 48 64. 82 I . 75 ·37 31 .14 84
. 39 · .
5 45 52 62 81 105 96 ·48 i7 110 .
,. ·-
6 60 68 65 105 135 125 . so .. 50 22 . .· 140 . y-~
210 210 . 90 . 77·· 31: 240
8 94 110 145 165
10 .· 145 '175 230 270 330 340:• 150 .·. ,i20. ..• 45 ', 380 ·~.;

12 220 250 350 380 470 .. 520 .. ·. ·. 220 .reo 63 590

14 270 350·· ... . 470 . 530 : 650 680 .··320 250 82 .,' 770 . ~·
16 360 470· 670 700
.. ·.550 950 420 ~o .:105 1100 . . .
. .1·. · ·
·.
.··
-: 540. ·430. 120. . '
18 420 580 840 860 1040 1150 .• 1300
20 540 740 1060 1100. 1330. 1480' 680 520. .. 150 1900
2080 .. · .· 760
•.' I

24 800 1160 16.40 1730 '·2080 1010 220 2800

·c-:
I.

·c~
30 1430 . 1850 .· 2800 2710 3210 . 3600 '•. ·.4950
36 2280 2800 4450 4050 47_50 . . .. .. . 8700
42 3380 4010 6610 5790 6710 .. ...
48 4680 5400 9250 . 7620 8740

. · Pressure-Jemperature
.
Rating~ of. . . - . .
Cast . . .
Iron Pipe
. .
Flange.
~ s ... ·
. '
e.·
 . ---- .-- . ~--. -----, . . , . . . . . .,__. . . --- -r-
Flanges[and Flange Fittings
.I
,·
' i '

I
Dimensions
. . of Cast. . Iron ., . . I Flanges . I
:
!
II
American National StandarcI i
I
dimensions in inches : I
l
I
25 lb standard
i
i 125 lb standard i
Nominal Dia of No I
pipe Dia of bolt of Flange Bolt Bblt Flange Bolt Bolt
sizes flange· circle bolts thickness size lenQth thickness size length
'
1 4.25 '3.12 4 0.44 0.50 1.75
rn 4.62 3.50 4 0.50 0.50 2.00
1'!4 2.00 3.88 4 0.56 '0.50 2.00

2 6.00 4.75 4 0.62 0.62 2.25

2~ 7.00 '5.50 ' ·4 0.69 '0.62 2.50
3 7.50 6.00 .4 0.75 -. 0.62 2.50
I
!
3~ 8.50 '7.00 8 ' 0.81 0.62 2.75
4 9.00 7.50' 8 0.75 0.62' 2[50 '0.94 0.62 3.00
5 10.00 8.50 8 0.75 ·0.62 2l50 . 0.94 0.75 ·3.00
i
I
6 11.00. 9;50 8 0.75 0.62 2~50 1.00 .· 0.75 .. 3.25
.'

I
8 13.50 11.75 8 0.75 '0.62 . 2L50 1.12 0.75 3.50
10 ,. 16.00 14.25 12 .0.88 0.62 '
z.75· ·. 1.19 .· 0.88 . 3.75 I·
I I
!
12 19.00 17.00 12 1.00 0.62 3.00 ·. 1.25 0.88 3.75
14 21.00 18.75 12 1.12 0.75 3.5o 1.38 . . 1.00 4.25
16 23.50 21.25 16 1.12 0.75 . ~.50 1.44 1.00 4.50
I

18 25.00 22.75 16 1.25 0.75 3.15 '1.56 1.12 4.75

20 27.50 '25.00. 20 1.25 o.rs 3.75' 1.69 1.12 '5.00
24 32.00 29.50 20 1.38 0.75 1.00 1.8$ 1.25 5.00
!
30 38.75 36.00 28 1.50 0.88 4.50 .2.12 ' 1.25 6.25
 . . .· . .. . ·.·

(''
' ·.

I~- Ingersoll-Dresser
------Dimehsioris
Pumps;· .Carneron Hydraulic Data
of Cast iron Pipe Flange~ (Continued)
American Natione1IStandard
- · ·~·(:.: -·
~·

1:
dimensions tn inches
.....,
250 lb standard' · 800 lb standard ·

-c-·
-
Flange Flanqs'
Nominal Bolt Bolts Bolt Bolts
pipe thick- circle thick- circle -:-
size d1a ness d1a no size I dra ness dta no size
-
0.69 3.50 4 . 0.62

·. .•"·(·'·
1 4.88 . ',
11/4 5.25 0.75 3.88 4 0.62 ...
..
H2 6.12 0.81 . . 4.50 4 . 0.75

2 6.50. 0.88 s.oo 8 ·0.62 6,50 . 1.50 · .••.5.oo.•· . 8 o.sa

. I~
2112
3
7.50
8.25
1.00 .
1 .12
5.88
6.62
8
8
0.75
0.75
7.50 '
8.25··
1.62
1.75
5.88 1·
6.62
. 8
8
. o.rs
. 0.75

, .19 7.25 0,75 '· . Q;88

·· .. · ~
.3\·2
4
9.00
10.00 1.25 7.88
'.88 0.75
9.0.0
.· · 10.75.
1.88
2. 12 -:
7.25
8.50
8
8 .·0:08
5 11.00 . 1.38 9.25 8 0.75 · 1:3.00 2.38 .10.50 8 1.00
:
5· 12.50 1.44 10.62• 12 0.75.·· 14.00 . ·. 2.50. . 11.50 . 12 1.00

.__'
8 15.00 1.62 13.00 .12 0.88 .· :· ". 16.50 2.75 13,75 12 1.12
10 17.50 · 1:a0 · 15.25 16'·• 1.00 20,00 3.12 17.00 16 ·1.25
...
12 . 20.50 2.00. 17.75 .: 16. . 1.12 ·. 22.00 3.25. 1.9.25. 20 . 1 ..25 •.
14 '23.00 2.12 20.2s·· ·.20· , .12
.
16 25.50 2.25 22.50 20 1~25 ..
18 28:00 2:30 24.75 24: 1.25
· · ·.!' . . _,
, .• I

20 30.50' 2.50·. .. 27.00' 24 1.25 ·,'. •.

1.50 ..

l••
24 36.00 2.75 32.00 24 . .

30 43.00 3;00 39.25 28 1.75

36 50.00 3.38 46.00 .. I 32 a.oo ... ,.. '
42 . 57.00 3 69 52:75 36 2.00 . · ..
48 •. 65.00 4.00 60.75 40 2.00 .. •

. 250 lb flanges (Class B) have non-shock pressure rating of500 psi in.t to tz" sizes, 300 psHn 14 to 48" sizes up to 150"F.
· . 800 lb flanges have non-shock hydraulic pressure rating (not steam) of BOO psi up to 150"F. · ·
 f
'-"'"""U". -4...a. '-J'.L.L ...... JL..&.~ ..._,"-"""".A. .a.· .L .t' '-"
Flanges nd Flange Fittings

I
Dimensions of Cast Iron Flanged Fittings
25 lb and 125 lb American Nation~I Standard
dimensions in inches [

'o- E*
A B c G:f:
45° Le teratst 'F
I
·Elbows, Long 45° Gate
Nominal tees, radius elbows I short Reducers ·valve
. size: crosses . elbows · c to f · c to f i
!
· c to f . f to f f to f

r 3.50 5.00 1.75 5.75 i 1.75

1Y4 . 3.75 5.50 2.00 6.25·! . 1.75
1V2 4.00 6.00 2.25 . 7.00 2.00.

2 4.50 6.50 2.50· 8.00 2.50 5.0 7.0

2V2 5.00 7.00 3.00 9.50 2.50 5.5 · 7.5
3 5.50 7.75 3.00 10.00 3.00 6.0 8.0

3V2 6.00. 8.50 . 3.50 11.50 3.00 6.5 8.5

4 6.50 9.00 4.00 12.00 3.00 7.0 9.0
5 7.50 10.25. 4.50 13.50 3.50 8.0 10.0

6 . 8.00 11.50 . 5.00. 14.50 I 3.50 9.0 10.5.

I·-, c·
-
.lngerSoll~Dresser Pumps. 'Cameron Hydraulic• Data
. . . . . . . . ..

Wrought Ste~JPi"pe ·c.:·

-c
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I
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 Ingersoll-Dresser. Pumps Cameron Hvdraulic Data
·seamte~·s-·w~ought Steel Pipe.(Continued)
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Flanges and Flange Fittings
I
Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe (Continued)
I . . . . I .
~~~~~~~~~~
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-C· '.
Cameron Hvdraulic·
•' .
.
Data · . .
-,

·· .
Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe (Continued)· .

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 Steel Pipe Flanges American
.
National
l
Standard

Out· "Ftanqe I Length thru hub in

Norn· side thick- Th~eaded

mal Flange flange · ness Diameter slip-on
pipe rating d1a (mm) boll socket Welding
size psi in in circle welding Lapped neck
I
I
Yz 150 3.50 0.44 2.375 0.62 0.62 1.88
300 3.75 0.56 2.625 (o.88 0.88 2.06
400 3.75 0.56 2.625 i0.88 0.88 2.06
600. 3.75 0.56 2.625 :0.88 0.88 2.06
900. 4.75 0.88 3.25 11.25 . 1.25 2.38
1500 4.75 0.88 3.25 , 1.25 . 1.25 2.38
2500 5.25 1.19 3.5 1.56 1.56 2.88

't:C 150 3.88 0.50 2.75 0.62 . 0.62 2.06

300 . 4.62 0.62 3.25 1.00 1.00 2.25
400 4.62 0.62 3.25 1.00 1.00 2.25
600 4.62. 0.62. 3.25 1.00 1.00 2.25
900 5.12 1.00 3.5 1.38 1.38 2.75
1500 5.12 1.00 3.5 1.38. 1.38 2.75
..
2500 5.50 1.25 3.75 -.
1.69 .1.69 3.12

1 150 4.25 0.56 3.125 0.69 0.69 . 2:19 i

•. 300 4.88 0.69 3.5 1.06' 1.06 2.44 !
400 .4.88 0.69 3.5. 1.06 1.06 2.44
600 4.88. 0.69 3.5 1.06 1.06 2.44
900 5.88 1.12 4.0 1.62 1.62 2.88
1500 5.88 1.12 4.0 1.62 1.62 2.88·
2500 6.25 1.38 .4.25 1.88 1.88 3.50

. 11/• 150 4.62 0.62 3.5 0.81 0.81 .· 2.25

300 5.25 0.75 3.875·' 1.06 1.06 2.56
400 5.25 0.81 3.875 1.12 1. 12 2.62
600 5.25 0.81 . 3.875 1.12 1.12 2.62.
900 6.25 1.12 4.375 1.62 1.62 2.88
1500 6.25 1.12 4.375 1.62 1.62 2.88
2500 7.25 1.50 . 5.125 2.06 2.06· 3.75

1 Y2 150 5.00 0.69 3.875 0.88 0.88 '2.44

 :c·
-.-·-·-
.

I
-
•.

~·
Ingersoll-Dresser Pu.mps. Cameron Hvdraulic Data .I

·. - ·-' si-eel Pipe · Ftac_n·ges· ·

..
American National Standard ·(cont.) . er.
Norri·
Out-
side
Flange
Length thru huo in
c
·'c:
. .thick- Threaded
rnal Flange . 11.anage · ness Diameter slip-on
pipe rating dra (min) bolt socket

··c-·
Welding
size· psi in in· circle welding Lapped neck
3 150 7.50 0.94 6 1.19 1.19
I
2.75
300 8.25 1.12 6.625 1.69 1.69 3.12
400 8..25 1.25 6.625 1.81 . 1.81 3.25
600 8;25 1.25 6.625 1.81 1.81 3.25•
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· ---·-
a.<:t:a"' aiNcici cn cn
~g:~M ..,MCOID
C")C')NN
MN-O
NNNN
a)oCI)

ID IDO,.._en MNIDCO \l'llDOl 0 OU>OlO· ·coco-,..,.·M O'lNOOt>i !

c._ M...:...:o
. .· i::iaSC\i;.;,; ll'i
QI
r-.:ceriri· .Ori'«i.O ~;t~~gj I
o,.._Ul_ o
t?°M -OL()N
..,..,MM.
Ol .... lDltl
NNNN
~~~.·~· NN-O
NNNN ·"'-..--.~
ID ID,._CIO OU'>-CD ·Mai..,· Ol -<rNOCIO.' : MMOIDU> (OU')~~- l.

r?aSor-i c0;.,:C\iC'i ...:co(.Q M ...:,.;.cJi...:

---
Cl)..,
. C.o .... aiai...:• OlCOOM,.._
t?'M -cn~o
'Ol"C')C")C")
.... LC') . ..,(') MNNN N-OlCO IDMOCO ID """MMN-
NNNN NNNN' NN--.·
· ltl ,..._ a>-·M·ll'l cQcD..,O
'"'...: c?aic0...:. r?ai...:ai
Ol CO. U>-NCO"lf Olltl..,N
N N :-.N"'-~
ll'l ID COOlll'lM. ~"ll:f'U')..-
.;' .··
,...; ,..;_ .: 11'i.oc0,...; ..;.,: ,..;.n
 1- --
'

I
I \
r
SECTION 8
-
- MISCELLANE_QUS !
i
·r· .
!
·i·. 1-
.·~~·~::;:=::::::::======;:::::=;;::::::;:::::i=:::;:=·~·.
k 1·

. I
. I
I

II
I
. !
i

i
. I :
------- .. ·- . .

I~· lngersoll·Dre~ser Pumps · .... Cameron

.. . .

Hydraulic Data
·;IC;
~··
.c·-
·-·c
CONTENTS OF SECTION 8
·-~
Miscellaneous Data . ·
Page . · ··..••,.·:
-.
~'

Decimaland Millimeter Equivalents .• .. : .: ; . ; . . . . . 8-3 '

·1- •
Arithmetical
. and Geometrical. Formulas
. . . . . . . 8-3
.

Approximate Altitude and Barometer Reading

. . . .
: .
·. . 8-4
>: ;~.· ~ -~
l.·a.
Barometer Reading Corrections . 8-5 to 8-9
. w~ightand Dimensions of Copper Tubirlg C1Ild Pipe . ' .'. S-10 .
· Volume in Partially FilledHorizontal Tank~ . ': : . : . .. · 8-11. · ·
Capacitiesof Cylinders and Tanks ~ . : 8-12
· . !:,.· .
-
· . Displacement Per Stroke of Plungers : · :; ~ . • 8-13 ·. · . :

'!
Areas ofCircles . ~ · ". ~: .". . . . 8~14 . ' . .

"Herdness Conversion Table · .. :> · ...•............. 8-15 . :

 Miscellaneous
. . I
Decimal and Millimeter Equ:ivalents
- ··-· ·····- -.-
I ·.

M1lh· M1ll1·
meter
equrva-
I meter
equiva-

· . . .L
·lent lent
Decimal of trac- Decimal ol trac-
equ.va- uonai equiva- uonal
Fraction lent mcnes I
tent inches

1164 0.015625 0.397 33-64 0.515625 13.097

1/32 0.03125 0.794 17132 0.53125 13.494
3/64 0.046875 1.191 35164 0.546875 13.891
1/16 0.0625 '1.588 9/16 0.5625 14.288
I

5/64 0.078125 1.984 i 37/64 0.578125 14.684

3/32 0.09375 2.381 I 19/32 0.59375 15.081
7164 0.109375 2.na 39164 0.609375 15.478
118 0.125 . 3.175 518 1· 0.625 15.875

9/64 0.140625 3.572 41/64 0.640625 16:272

5/32 0.15625 3.969 121/32 . 0.65625 16.669
11164 0.171875 4.366 43164 0.671875 17.066
3/16 0.1875 4.763 11/16 I 0.6875 17.463
i
13/64 0.203125 5.159 45164 0.703125 17.859
7/32 0.21875 5.556 23/32. 0.71875 18.256
.15/64 0.234375 5.953 47/64 0.734375 18.653
· 1/4 0.250 . 6.350 3/4 0.750 19.050

17/64 0.265625 6.747 49164 0.765625 19.447

9/32 0.28125 7.144 25/32 0.78125 19.844
19/64 0.296875 7.541 . 51/64 0.796875 20.241
5/16 0.3125 7.938 13/16 0.8125 20.638
I'
21/64 0.328125 . 8.334 I: 53164 0.828125 21.034
11/32 0.34375 8.731 27/32 .· . 0.84375 21.431
23/64 0.359375 9. 128 55164 0.859375 21.828
3/8 0.375 9.525 7/8 0.875 22.225

25/64 0.390625 9.922 57164 0.890625 22.622

13/32 0.40625 10.319 29/32 0.90625 23.019
27/64 . 0:421875 10.716 59.64 0.921875 23.416
7116 0.4375 11.113 15/16 0.9375 23.813
.• ) lngerSoll·DresSer Pumps Cameron HydraulicData

Approxirt1ate Atmospheric Pressures and: Barometer

Readings at Different Altitudes -

Barometer Equivalent Boiling point

Altitude· Atmospheric head of ot water
Inches of Mm of pressure ' water (75°F)
Feet Meters -rnercury mercury lb/in2 ·Feet · OF oc-
-1000 -304.8 31_02' 787.9 1.5.. 2 35.2 213-.8 .-101.0
-500 -152.4 30.47 773.9 15.0 34.7 -- 212.9 100.5
0 0 .. . 29.921 760.0 - 14.7 34.0 212.0 100;0
29.38 746;3 14.4 '33.4' 211.1 -_· -99_5--
500 152.4 _- - 32.8 ',
1000 304.8 .28.86 733.1 14.2 210.2' 99.0
'

1500 457~2 .. 28.33 719.6 '' 13.9 32.2·- '209.3 _-_' 98.5_
2000 609.6 : 27.82 - '706.6 1.3.7 31._6 '• 208.4 98.0
2500 762.0' 27.31 693.7 13.4-' .- ·31.0 207.4 -· ·-97.4
3000 914.4 26.81
' '

681.0
I
13.2•' _- 30.5· I- 206.5 - 96.9
3500 1066.8. 26.32 '668.5 '' 12.9 29.9 . 205.6 - 96.4'

4000 1219.2 ' 25,,84 : 656.3 12.7 29.4' 204.7 95.9'

12.4 '.
,,

4500 1371.6 I - 25.36 -

,.
644.1 28.8 • · 203.8 95.4
5000 1524.0 - 24.89 ·- 632:2 J2.2 28.3 202.9 . 94.9
5500 1676.4 ' 2 4.43 620.5 '·.
-12.0 ·- ' , - _- 27;8 201.9 . 94.4
6000 1828.8 . 23.98 609.1 11.8 ' 27.3 •• '
20_1.0 ..--.93.9
,..
-.
6500 1981.2 - 2:3.53 597.7- .' 11.5 26.7 - 200.1 93_-4
7000 2133.6 '23.09 - 586.5 11.3 ''
' 26.2 199.2_,_ 92:9
7500 2286.0 22.65 _-_ 575.3 , 1.1 . 25.7 198.3 '92:4
-. ·22.22 564.4-•· 10.9 ,,• - 25;2.-.- ·_
-.,
197.4- : 91.9
8000 2438.4 --
8500 2590.8 -. 21.80 '' 553.7 -10.7 24.8 - 196.5 91.4
,,

- 9000 2743.2 • 21.38 -s43.1 10:5 -, 24.3 _ 195.5 · 90.8

9500 2895.6 20.98 532.9 10.3 ... 23.8 '194.6 90;3
10000 3048.0_ ·_20.58 522.7 10.1 . ' . 23.4 193.7 89.8
15:ea 428.8 8.3 .: _ - 19.1 - ~a4 84.4
15000-
20000
4572,0-
6096 13;75 ' ·349.3 -6.7, 15.2 -- ,
 Miscellan eous
Barometer Corrections

Miscellaneous
1
Other barometer corrections include those for latitude, altitude
and difference in elevation between barocleter and datum plane.
These are given on the following page. I
Table I, III, IV and V apply to mercurial ~arometers.
Table V applies to aneroid barometers. '
Table II applies to small-bore, single-tube mercury columns.
U-tubes and manometers, in which both legs have approximately the
same bore, and large-bore, single-tube columns do not require
capillarity correction. The temperature correction from Table I
applies to . any mercury column when brass scales calibrated in
inches at 62°F and a density factor for mercury based on 32°F
are used. . . · . . j · .
Tables III and IV apply to all mercury columns in which a density
factor based on 45° latitude and sea .level altitude is used. The
corrections are small and are usually ignored ·or taken into account
by using a density factor based on the latitude and altitude of the
datum point. i ·· ·
In general, aneroid barometers are not. satisfactory for accurate
j .

testing. If one is used, it should he compensated for temperature and

frequently calibrated against a standardmercurial barometer, as a
violent knock or shaking may introduce a sh.bstantial error. .
I~ lngersoll•Dresser
.
..

Pumps . 'C~ ameron Hydraulic Data. . . . .

..
Correction for Relative Expansion of Mercury and
Brass Scale to 32°F Standard
Table I

Observed. reading of the barometer. m inches

Temp
ng 25
cot
25.5 26 26.5 · .27 27.5 2S 28.5. 29 29.5 30 . 30.5 31 c
'F Correction to be subtracted from observed ·readrng .
40 .026' .026 :021 .027 .028 ·.o2s .029 .029 .. 030 .030 .031
42
.031 .032
.0:30 .031 .032 .032 .033 .033 .034 .035. . . 035. ;036 · .
. 44
46
.035
.039 ·.
. 036.
.040.
.036
.041
.037 .
.042
:038
.043
.036
.043
.039
.044.·
.040
·• .045
. 040
.046
.041
.. 046
.036
:041 .
.047
.037
. 042
.048
'

.Q49
°'-~; ' .
.. 03S

48 .044 .045 .046 .047 .047 .048 .049 .050· .051 . 052 .053 .054 . . 05' -
so .04S .049 .050 .051 .052· :053 .054·' .055 .056 .057.' .ose .. 059 .060
52 .053. .054 .055 .056 .057 . 058 ", .. 059 . .· .060 .061 .062 .064 .065 .066
54 .057 :059 .060 .061 .062 .063 .Q64 .066 .067 .068 ·.069 ···.070
56 .. 071 ...
.062 .063 .064 .066 .· :067 .. 06& . ;069' .071 ·.072 .073 .074 .076 . :017
58 . 066 .068 .069 .070 . .072 .074 · .. 076 .: .077
.073 .. .078 . . . 080 .08~ .082·
..
60 .071 .072 .074 .015 ssrt. :078 •. 080 -. Ci81 .082 .084 .085 .. 087 .ces
62 .076 . 077 .. 079 .080 .082 .083 .OS5 .086 .. o8s . :OS9 .691·· ; .092·· ;~
64 .. 080 :082 :003 .085 .086 .08S .090 .. 091 .093 ·.094 .096 .09S .099·'·
66 .oss ,086 .088 .090 ;091 .093 ;095 ,,.096 .09S .100 .101 .103. .105
68 . 089 .091 ,093 ;0941 .096 ·. ·.098 .. 100 :102 .103 . ,.. 105 . .107
··>·
.109 .110
70 . 094. .095 . .097 .099 .. .101 y .103 ~rn5 . ~107 .109. .110 . 112 .114 .11€
71 .096 .•·.09S .100 .102' . 103 .• . < 105 . .107 '.109. . . 111 .113 . 115 .1.17 .119
72 .09S .100 . 102 .' .104 .106 .1oa.· .110 .. 112 .· .114 . .us ,118- .. 120 .122 ·. ·
73 .. 100 . .. 102 .104 .. 106 . .106 .. 11o ·. ; 112 . 115 .. 116 . 118 .. 120 . .122 .12,
74 103 .105 .107 .109 .111 .11.3 .115 . 117 .119 . 121 .123 .125 · .. 127
75 . 105. .. 107 .109 .111 .113 .115 . '11i '119 . .122 . .124 .126 .. 12S .130
76 .107 :109 .111 .113 . 1i6 ~118 '.120 .122 .· . 124 . .126 .. 128
7.7 :131 .133
.109 . 112 .. .114 • 116 .. 118 .. 120 .. 122 .125. :127. .129 .131
78 .133 .136 .
.112 . 114 . 116 :118. :120 .123 :125 .127. .129 .•· .132 .13i!
79 ; 114 . 116. .136 .1Js
. 1 is '121 .123 . 125 .127. .130 .132 .. 134 .137 . .. 139 .1.: ..
"
:
80 . 116 . 11S . 121 •. 123 . .125 .128 .. 130 ·.·.132 . 135 .137 . .139 .. .142 .1~
81 , 11S '121 .123 . 125. .128 •' .130 .132 .. 135 . 137 -. 140 . ..
82 . 121
.142 .144 .147
.123 . 125 .128 .i30 .133 .135 .137. .140- .142 .· .145 .147 .149
 . .

Miscellaneous .
. .. .. . . . . . .I
Correction of Small Bore Single-tube Mercury
Columns for Capillari~y
Table II I!
;

Height of meniscus-.inches!
ID
.01 :
I
.02 ~03 .04
'
I
! .05 ! II
;
.06 I .07 . .08
tube
inches Correction to be added to hg column reading - inches I

I ! I .116
!

i I
.15 .024 .047 .069 .092 II
I I

I
I

.20 .011 I .022 .033

II
.045 .059 .078 I
I

.25 .006 .012 .019 .028 .037 .047 .059

I
I

. 004
I .008 . .013
I
.018
!
.30 I I :023 .029 .035 .042
I
.40 I .004 .006 I
.008 .010 .012 . .014
'
.016
.50 I. .002
I
I
I
.004 .005 .006 .006
!
i
.007
'f
(From Smithsonian Physical Table- 1933) ! ·
.. l . : 'I
r .
Explanation
.
of.C. orrectidn
. . I
Tables
.
!

· for Mercurial Barometers

. . .
· Table I-Examples of use
Reading of barometer at 75°F ..•................................ ~.............. 29.964"
Temperature correction (Table I) .. .. .. . - .126"
\
Barometer corrected to 32°F ~ ~. 29.838"
. .. ~
·.~ .. J.. ~
,.

Reading of Mercury column at 97°F ~ 28.120"

 I~ lngersoll~Dresser Pumps C~meron Hydraulic_Data , c~
__
Correction of: Mercurial Barometer forLatitude -in-----· --'--··
Inches Hg to Reduce to 45c Latitude
To be added to barometer reading for latitudes above 45=, To be subtracted _
from barometer reading for latitudes below 45=
·.1!.·
:(:
--·-.,
.. Table Ill

Reading o1 t~ oarometer_ rn mcnes .

Lalttude
:
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
.
27 28. 29

.
30
'-(:
0 90 0.047 0.049 0.052 0.054 0.057 0.060 0.062 0.065 0.067 0.070 0.073 0 07_5 O.D78
5 85 .046 .048 .051 .054 .056 .059 -- .061 ' .. 064 .066 - .069 .071 .ci7.: .077
6 84 .046 .048 .051 -: .053 .056 .058 - .061 :063 .066 .068 .071 073 .076
7 83 .045 .048 .050 .osa ,ass - ·.058. .060 .063 .065 .068 .070 .073 .075
- .ass
.~
8 82 . 045 '.047 .050 ·.052 .. 055 .057 .060 ';062 .067 .070 .072 .075 .
9 81 ·.044 .047 .049 :052 .054 .057 .059 .062 .064 .. 067 .069 07-1 .074

---
;

10 BO .044 .046 .049 .051 .054 .056 .056 .061 .. 063 .0Ei6 .· - -.068. .071 .073
11 79 .. 043 .046 ·.048 .. 050 .053 .055 .058 .. 060 .062 .065 .067 :070 .072
12 78 .043 . . 045 .047 ,050 . 052 .. 054 .051 - .059 .062 . .. 0Ei4 -.066 069 .07-1 .
13 77 . 042 .044 . .047 .049 ;051 .. 054 .oss .. 058 . 061 .Q63 .065 . . 068 .. 070 . ·1. ·--
. {

14 76 .041 .043 .046 .048

"
;050 .053 ,055 · _,051_ .. 059 -· · .. 062 .064 .066 .069
_,

.·11·
.• ,056
"
15 75 .040 ,043 .045 .047 .049 .052 .054 .058 . :os1 .063 .065 .067''
16 74 . 040 ,.042 .044 - .046 .. 048 .051 .Ci53 .055 .051 :059. .061 06.: .066 .
17 73 .039 .041 .043 .045 .047 .049 .052 .054 ·.056 .058 ·.060 . Ofj2 · .. 064 .
18 72 .038 .040 . 042 .·_ .. 04-1 .046 .048 .050 · .. 052 ·.o54 .057 .059 061 .063' : ,.
19 71 .037 . 039 .041 .043 .045 . 041 .049 .' .051·_ 05_3 · . 055 .057 . .059 .061 .
_.

.: .048 .:
20
21
70
69
.036
.035.
.038
.037
.040
.. 038
.042
.040
- .044
. :042
.046
.044 .046
.050
.048
.. 052
.050
.054
'.052-
.056
- .054
.058
.056
. oec -
.058
i (fl
c~·-
22 68 .034 .035 .037 039 .041 .043 045 - . 047 .048 :050 '.052 .05.! :056
. 23 67 .032 - .034 . 036 .038' .040 - .041 .043 045 -· .047 049- .050 .052 .054
24 66 .031 033 . 035 .036 .038 040 .: .042 I 043 .045 . . 047_ .049 .050 .052
25 65 .030 .032 033 .035 .037 .. 038 .040 .042 -.043 .045 .047 048
_- .. 030. .050
- 26. 64 .029 ;032 .033 .035 .037 . 038 ·- .040 .04,. .CJ-13 . .045 .046 .048 ~-
27 63 .027 .029 .030 ·.032 . 033 ·- . 035 . '.037·- -·--:039· .040 . ;041 .043 .044 .046
 Miscellaneous

· Correction of Mercurial B~romJter for Altitude

Inches Hg to be subtracted from ba~ometer reading
· . . . Table IV I . .·

Reading of barometer, inches

Altitude
i :

ft 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
i
:

0 .... .... .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

500 .... . ... .001 .001 .001 .001 .001
1000 .... .... I .002 .002 .002 .002 .002
1500 .... .002 .002 .003 .003 .003
2000 .... .003 .. 003 .003 .003 .004
2500 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004
3000 .004 .005 .005 .005 .005
3500 .005 .005 .006 .006
4000 .006 . . 006 . · .006 .007
4500 .007 .007 .007 :

5000· .007 .008 .008

5500 .008 .009
6000 .009 .009
6500 .010 ..
7000 .010

Elevation Correction for Barometer

i .
-I ~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps . Cameron . Hydraulic Data.·

Copper tubing . . ...

Copper and brass p1oe- Regular wt

Type K Type L · . ·Type M
We1gn1 per tt-lb ·
Norn- . Out~ In- . Wt In-·· . _.Wt In- Wt . Out- In-
in al side side. per side per side per side side 67°0 . B5°o 100'::
.size diam diam ft . diam ft diam ft diam diam Cop- Cop- Cop- .
in tn in lb in lb in lb 1.n in per ·.per per
,,, .
:250 .186 .085 .200 .068 .20·· .. 068·· .405 .281 .246 .. 253 .259
1,14 .375 .311 .134 .315 .126 .325 .. 106 .540 .375 .437 .450 .460
l,e .500 . .402 .269 .430 .· .198 .450 .144 .675 .494 .612 0630 .6~3
'·2 . .625 .527 .344. .545 .284 .. 569 .203 .840 .625 .911 .938 ~957
~/8 .750 .652 .418 ·.666 .·,352 . 690- .263 .
lt4 .875 .745 .641 .785 '. .454 .811 · j;?5 i.oso .822 1.24 .n1· .1.30 .
.. ..
1 i:125 .995 . 839 1.025 .653 . 1.055 .464 f.315 . 1.062' • 1.74 1:19 ·-1.83
. 111.o 1.375 1.245 1.04 1.265 .882 1.291 .681 1.660 1.368 2.56 .• 2.63 .· 2.69
1 ':2 1.625 1.481 1.36 -, 1.505 .· 1.14 . 1.571 .' .940 .· 1.900 1.600 -: 3.04 3.13 3.20
·2 2.125 1.959 2.06 1.985 1.75 2.009 1.46 2.375 2.062 4.02 4.1'4 4.23
2':2 2.625 2.435 2.92 2.465 2.48. 2.495 2.03 2;875 2.500 5.83 6.00 6.14 :
.
3 3.125 2.907. 4.00. 2.945 3.33 2.981 2.68 .• 3.500 3.062 B.31 8.56 '. 8.75·
3•.2 3.625 3.385 5.12 .. .. 3A25 4.29 3.459 3.58:-· . 4.000 ·. 3.500 10.85 . .11 .1.7 ; 1.41
4 4.125 3.857 . 6.51 3.905 5.38 3.935 4.66 · .· 4.500 4.000 12.29 12.66 12:94
4112 5.000 . 4.500
.
13.74 14.15,
. . . .
14.:46

5 5.125 4.805 ·. 9.67 . 4.875 7.61 4.907 6.66 . 5.563. 5.063 15 .. 40 15.85 . 16.21 '·
6 6.125 5.74.1 13.87. 5:845 10.20 5.881 8.91 6.625 6.125 18.44 18.99 19.41
7 . 7.625 7.062 23.92 24.63 25.17 .
s. 8~ 125 7.563 25.90 7.725 19:29 7.785. 1646 8.625 8.000 30.05· . 30.95 31.63.

The National Bureau of Standards has recommended the elimination of the 31 2·~ and 4' 2· pipe sizes. ·
·:....:· :.,
. I
t·I
I
Miscellaneous·

•.•••"
e~•. Volume of Horizontal Tanks in Gallon~ per Foot of Length
Dia of !
-.; cynn-
oncat Portion of diameter that 1$ filled
tank ''

·--
ft 0. 1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 ! 0.7 0.8 0.9 lull

·-·...•,>· .'
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.08
0.31
0.69
1.22
0.21
0.84
1.88
3.35
0.31
1.48
3.34
59
0.55
2.19
4.94
0.73
2.94
6.6
11.8
0.92
3.68
8.3
14.7 i
1.10
4.39
9.9
1.2.6
5.0
11.3
20.2
1.39
5.6
12..5
22.3
1.47
5.88
13.22
23.50

.,.··'\
8 -: 8 17.6

..... 2.5
3.0
3.5
1.91
2.75
3.74
.
5.2
7.5
10.2
9.3
13.3
18.2
13.7
19.8
26.9.
18.4
.26.4
36.0
22.5
33.1
45.1
27.5
39.5
53.8
31.5
45.4
61.7
34.8
50.1
68.2
36.72
52.88
71.9'7
4.0 4.89 13.4 23.7 35.1 47.0 58.9 70.3 80.6 89.1 94.00

4.5 6.2 16.9 30.0 44.4 59.5

73.4 .
74.5 ·I , ss.o 102 113 119.0.
~ •.\ 5.0 7.6 20.9 37.1 54.9 92.0 10 126 139 146.9

.•···~·
6 , 1.0 . 30., 53.4 79.0 106 133 ~58 181 . 200 . 211.5
•::1 7 15.0 41.0 72.6 108 144 . 180 215
i
247 273 . 287.9

8 19.6 53.5 . 94.9 . 140 188 . 236·· 281 322 . 356 . 376.0
.J 9 24.8 67.8 120 178 238
..
298 ·.355 408 451 475.9
·\.l
10 30.6. 83.7 ·. 148 219 294 368 ~39 504 557 587.5
11 37.0 101 . 179 266 335 445 532 610 674 710.9

.!.
'
12 44.0 120 213 316 423 530 ~33 726 802 846.0
.) 13 51.7 . 141 251 371 496 622 742 852 941 992.9
14 5~.9 164 291 430 576 721 8s1 988 1092 1152
.l 15 68.8 188 334 494 661 .·
828 !988 1134 1253 1322
.
.· i
I.
• .I
Volume in tank (gals)" = 7.4805
· : ~o: "· H
- -
o: ·
(sin 11) (0.5 - port1o_n filled)
I ]" length; sin 1 cos~H
I . _·. .·
H .. \
. . ~ 120 2 . .
-o: .
= 2(0.5
.· . . . . . I .. .
Cos H "- portion filled): D = tank dia (ft): vol. of full tank (gals) = 7.4805 _.. -. >( length
. . . . · . . . ! 4. .
• Applies to tanks up lo 50°0 lrlled. When tank IS over 50°0 filled.! calculate portion nor filled and subtract
from full tank. ·
. '!
·i
i
 .

· I ·~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

Capacities~Cylindets
.and Tanks
E :fl
111.r:::
-
0 c:
l.l
c.or-..como
- ----- .-NM V U'l

IC..,. 0 NO..,..N<.O
Ol co co ,.... ..,.
c:i c.; a:i Iii ..,.- a:iC'li ai,..:
U') a)...:u)('ljc:i ...,: c-.i a:i
M..,.<.Or--m ..- ..,. IC·O'l N ·OM IC
...
....N .,._ C\I
O.-N
-~ ._

.a:> N CO
NON..,-CC
<XlU'lO..,. . ..,. .....
N c:iMa:i~c-.i N..,.,...:.Noi ~aiC'li<CiC'li oi c:i c:i ~ oi CON..,. V C::
N .U) .en .N . U')
N ·.-N -~·ior-.c:c ··oN lt) r-- 0
~-..-·:-· C\I NN.NMM '°
.O .m.O-ll'l.O
•U) ,..... "' CX)

0 0 U)
..,.
.
a:>NMO..,.. ..,.OOOIO

----
0 c:ie'?,.;.:c-;c:i ai c:i C\i <Ci ...: a:i a:i a:i c:i ..,.- a:i <Ci ..,.- ..,.- <Ci
N ~.N N""' Ill CD CO . Ol ..- M CD co· Ol
.O C")·U) N
N.NNNM
NCCO
,..... Cl) U) cc ..,. :..,.oa:>O<O

--
a)··
c:i C\i <Ci ....: a:i <Ci CD <Ci c:i M a:i t.ci ·.;; ..,.- CD
. ,_ .<r"'
N.M "'1.<0.r-.. C:CON..,IC
.-~
en CX>NN
IOr--N .... M OONN"=f a:i co
~
c ....
c:ic-.ico...:,.;.;.,.... .,; ..,.- ·....,: <ri. ai
NM .., Ill IC
t"i ai ,...: CD <ri
arai .... M tn
ftS
~ codcbcoN
'tJ c->c-.i...:C'liiti a:i ,.;.: <ri <Ci a:i
NM..,llllC co.-..,.r-.o. ;.
c en :NM.MM""
ftS .r:. ·.•. .•·
:.cOOCCN.
...en-c:n. o..,. ..,. cc M . . o o o ID c:i ·.•· C! ~· . . .•

·~-·-
c:i C\i Iii oi ui No oi ai ...: . ~ Cl),.... o"" No
·cQ). .... NM M""' c,o· •- Meo.

Q) .
'tJ .
c-
I
. U)O.., Na:> NO.N ... .... . · .. '
=>- "Ce --·
,:
c:i a:i u:i <Ci <Ci air'li....:r'liai CD M in CD m c\i ;...: r'li Ci a:i
NN M ""·U'l U) CC en·.- N .·..,.CDCCON .O...._OMU'l
.
..- . .-.-NN .C'\l~~C')C')

0 ca (ij NC:OCCO
~ ~ lllOr-..lllM -omc:i~ NNN
-0 ..
Cl) ·~
>.
~· ~C'li~a:i~ oi<Ci~C")C\i
.-NM."" LO
..,:~o . ..,:c:i
ICr-..cn~~
llit"ic-.ic-.ic-.i
~~ ~~ ~
a:i.....:...:<Cir'li
~~reg g
~~<Ci<Ci<Ci.
~ ~;;~
-<i..,:a:i
~wffi ..
·;.~

u>!
c Q) Ol.l ~--1----------...,..,.___,.~------+-....,.___,.--....,.--1r--......,.___,.----+-------_,...-+....,.....,.------+-----'--I
-N
a:>NO..,
• ..,.m..,.a:>N iOONICCX> .N·..,·No
·

o E ~
& .... o...:..,:,._:N ,.._..,:.,..;a)a:) OlOM<Cic:i C\i <Ci...,:
= ca C
.-NMM..,
~+---+--..,.-cc......,...,.--c:c_,..--+----....,.----1----------
tnr-..a:>cn-
. ....
. --i-----------+---....,.....,...----+ __ ~------i-------f
O<OM
.0. ll'l l.C
 Miscellaneous·
.. . . . .

DisplacementperStroke-e-In Gallons µ.s.

For Various Diameter Plungers

• Stroke lengths In inche~

:
Plunger
diam in i
inches 1 1' 7 2 2' 7 3 3"2 41 5 6 7 8
I
.8125 .00224 .00336 .00448 .00560 .00672 .00785 .00896 .01120 .01345 .01570 .01792
.875 .00261 .00392 .00522 .00652 .00783 .00914 .01044 .01305 .01565 .01830 .02090
.9375 .00299 .00448 .00598 ,00748 :00897 .01046 .01196 .01495 .01795 .02093 .02329
1.000 .00340 .00510 .00680 .00850 .01020 .01190 .01360 .0170 .0204 .0238 .0272
1 .0625 .00383 .00574 .oono .00959 .01151 .01343 .015"35 .01915 .02298 .02681 .03064
i
1. 125 . .0043 .00645 .0086 .01076 .0129 .01506 .01721 .0215 .0258 .0301 .0344
1.1875 .00479 .00718 .00957 .01196 .01435 .01674 .01916 .02395 .02874 .03353 .03832
1.250 .00532 .00797 .0106 .0133 .0159 .0186 .021~ .0266 .0319 .0372 .. 0425
1.3125 .00586 .00879 .01172 .01465 .01758 .02051 .02344 .02930 .03516 .04102 .04688
1.375 .00643 .00965 .0129 . 0161 .0193 .0225 . .0257 :0322 .0386 .0451 .0514
I
1.4375 .00703 .01054 .01405 .01756 .02108 .02459 .02810 .. 03513 .04216 .04920 .05621
1.500 .00765 .01148 .0153 .0191 ... :02295 .0268 .030Q .0383 .0458 .0536 .0612
1.5625 .00830 .01245 .01660 .02075 .02490 .02905 .033:;?0 .04150 .04980 .05810 .06640
1.625 .00898 .01348 .01798 .0225 .0270 .0314 .0360 .0450 .0538 .0628 .. 0718
1.6875 .00968 .01452 .01936 .02420 .02904 .03389 .03873 .04841 .05809 .06777 .07745
1.750 .01041 .01561 .02082 .02610 .0312 .0364 .0417 .0521 .0624 .0728 .0832
1.8125 .01117 .01675 .02234 . 02792 .03351 .03909· . .04468 .05585 .06702 .07819 .. 08936
1.875 .01196 .01194 .0239 .0299 .0359 .0418 .o41e .. 0598 .. 0718 .0837 .0957
1.9375 .01276 .01914 .02552 .03190 :03828 .04466 .05104 .06380 .07656 .08932 .10208
2.000 .01360 .0241 .0272 .0340 .0408 .0477 .054# .0680 .0817 .0953 .1088
2.0625 .01446 .02169 .02892 .03615 .04338 .05061 .05784 .07230 .08676 .10122 .11568
I
2.125 .01536 .0230 .0307 .0384 .0461 .0537 .061~ .0768 .0922 .1075 .1228
2.1875 .01627 .02440 .03254 .04067 .04881 .05694 .06508 .08135 ;09762 .11389 .13016
2.250 .01720 .0258 .0344 .0430 .0516 .0602 .0688 .0860 .1033 .1205 .1376
2.3125 .01818 .02727 .03646 .04545 .05454 .06363 .07272 .09090 .10908 .12726 .14528
2.375 .01917 .0287 .0383 .0478 .0575 .0671 .0767 .0958 1148 .1340 .1532
2.500 .02125 .0319 .0425 ~0532 .0637 .0744 .085b .1063. .1274 . 1488 .1700
2.625 .02347 .0352 .0469 .0587 . . 0704 .0822 .0939 .1173 1409 ·.1643 .1818
2.750 .02573 t . 0386 .0514 .0643 .0772 .0900 .1029 .1267 .1544 .1802 .2058
2.875 .02810 .0421 .0562 .0702 .0843 .0983 .1124 .1405 .1686 .1967 .2246
3.000 .03060 .0459 .0612 .0765 .0918 1071 .1224 .1530 .1836 .2142 .2448
3.125 .03320 .0498 .0664 .0830 .0996 .1162 . .1328 .1660 .1992 .2324 .2656
3.250 .03590 :0538 .0718 .0897 ;1077 .· .1256 .1436 .1795 .2154 .2513 .2872
I) lngersoll·Dresser Pumps Cameron HydraulicData
.. :.

Areas of Circles ·
Diameters in Inches and Areas in Square Inches*
Dia __ A_re_·a_ I I·
Dia Arf!a ·.· Dia ! ·Area Dia I Ar~a · 1
Dia j · ·. Arf;.; ·
~-
~
.012272
. 049067
J1
~'8
I 44.1787
45. 663b 15
H :
,.
173.782
176. 715
Y2
~~
.: 471.436
.· 481.107 .,
.!r4 1209.958
!..Z 1225.42
!-i .110447 K . 47.1731 .Ys 179.673,: 25 490.875 . ~~ 1240:4181
Y2 . 19635 Y8 48.7071 40
Ye
~
. 306796
.441787
8
Ys
50. 2.fi56
51.8487
> ~
~'
I
. !-:i 1~8:692
182.fi55
185.6&1
.l{
H
'-4
500 .. 742
510."706
520.7&9 • !-2
.· ·34
12Mdt4
I27.2:n?
1288.252.
Ya .601322 ·- ~. 53.45&3 % l9Li'48 26 . . 330.'93 · .. '-' 1304:206
1 . . 7854 . "". . 55. 0884 K 194. ~28 -. ~ · ·. 541. 19 :. 41 1320.257
Ys .. IJIJ402 ~ .· 56. 7451 Ys 197. 933 72 55L547 !-4 1336.407
~' 1. 2272 ,1 58. 42b4 16 · . . .. 201. 6&2 .. · ~ · 5&2. ooo . H 1352.655
!-i 1. 4849 ~-4 60. 1322 Ya 204:216. 27 572.557 ~ 1369.001
~
~-~
1.7671.
2.0739. 9
Y8 61.8&25
. 63.bl74
x 207.395 !!4 .· 583.209 42 ]385.45
~. 2,4053 Ys . 65.3%S Ys 210.598 .· Y2 593.959 ~ H0l.CJ9
Ya 2~ 7612 x ' 67;2008
H
Ya 217.077 .
213.fj25 _28··~-~-
.·· 615. 7U
604.807. ·
•· ~
-~· ·'. 1418.63
1435.37
2 3 . J4 J 6 "" . 69. 0293 • ~- 220.354 •· ·!-4 . 62b. 798 43 ]452.2 .
. Ys 3.5466 -. . Y:l 70.8823 Y8. 22a.oss . h. · 037.941 .· ~~-- 1469.14
~ 3. 97&1 Ye. 72.7599 17 .· . 22fi.981. ~ 649.182 . !.Z' 1486.17
"" 4. 4301 ~l 74. 6&21 Ya '230.331 29 . 600.521 •. ~4. 1503.3
~ 4. 9087 Ya i6 588S ~4 . 233. 706 -.', K 671. 959 44 . 1520.53
Ye 5.4119 .10.. 78,54 . .~.. 237. ios ·. · ~ 683.494 . · !-i 1555.241
~ 5,q390 Ya· 80.5158 Ji ·. 240.529 ~ . 695~ 128 .· 45 . 15.90,43 .
H 6 44H8 K 82.5161 . 'S I . 243.9ii' 30 .: 706.86 ~ 1625.97 •
3 . 7.06~& . "" 84 5409 . I/. ' 247.45 . .·~ 7J8 -, f>I) 46 .: 1661.91 · .· .
. Ya ·
~
7. 6&99
8. 2958
. H
. "'
Sb. 5903
88. 61143
· 18ff · 1_.· 250.9411 3'~·· 730.&18 .. ~- 1698.23
"°'~ 8. 94b2 . '-4 · CJO. 7628 Ys I 258.016
254.4i
31
.,, . '742.045
754. 769
47
~~
1734;95
1772.06
Ye
9: 6211
J0.3206 11 .
h 92~ 8858
.95.0334
'.Jr!j 2ol.5Si J4 ibb.992 48 1809.56.
"" 265.183 .... ·~ ii9.313 .• ~i 1847.4&·
Ya 97. 2055 ': rsr. 732
4
~
~
11. OH7
11.7933
12. 5604
>'
.·
"°'
99. 4022
JOI. 6234
~. , . 268; 803
~}
14
2'i2: 4 4S 32
' ~~
804.25.
49. 1885. 75
·.~ · 1924.43.
. 27&.117 ·. .!r4 816:861) 50 1963.5
Ya 13.3641 Vi 103.8&91 tb'; 2i9.Sll H 829.5i9 !i 2002.97
r.•
:f.
~
~-
H
14. 11\b3
15.033
15. CJU43
I ., Ye 10b.13C!4
IOS.4343
· ·. }3 110. ;537
19 . · 1
2SJ.529
}8 i :!S7.:?i~ 33
~i. 842.3CJ1 · 51 ·
855.301 I.· ~~
2042.83
2083.0R
~ '.

'~
-!-~·
lb. 800:?
17.7201) . · ·
12 . · 113.098
·. Ya 115.4b(,
!~ . 291 .. 04
~ ! . 2'H. 832
}-5 . 2'1S. 648
. .J,4.·
.. ~-2
~'
I . 894. 6:?
&&8.:\09
881.415
52 . 2123. 72
. H . 2164. 76
·53 . 2206~ 19
.
... ~
Ya 18.6655 . ~'. 117.859 Ai<· 1. :!02.4.~I} 34 -, · 907.922 .J,i.. 224R.OI -~
6 .19.035 · · Ys 120.277
 Miscellaneous
·. .. ... . . .1 . . . :
Standard Hardness ConverS:ion ~ables for Steel

Brine!l
Rockwell
10 mm
Diamond Cone Penetrator Standard Vickers
Ball
C Scale· D Scale A Scale 3000 kg Diamond
150 kg load 100 kg load 60 kg load load Pyramid

68 76.9 85.6 940

67 76.1 85.0 900
66 75.4· 84.5 865
65 74.5 83.9 832
64 73.6 83.4 800.
63 73.0 82.8 772
62 72.2 82.3 746
61 71.5 81.8 720
60 70.7 .81.2 I 697
59 69.9 80.7 i
I . 674
58 69.2 . .· 80.1 653
57 68.5 -79.6 633
56 67.7. .· 79.0 613
55 .66.9. 78.5 595
54. 66.1 78.0 577
53 . 65.4 77.4 560
52 64.6 76.8 500 544
51 63.8 76.3 487 528
50 63.1 75.9 475 513
464

.
49 62.1 75.2 498
48 61.4 74.7 451 484
47 60.8 74.1 442 471
. 46 60.0 73.6 432 . 458
45 59.2 73.1 421 446
!
"'.'
44 58.5 72.5 409· 434
43 57.7 72.0 400 423
I~ lngersoll•Dresser Pumps Ca~eron ·Hydraulic Data
MEASUREMENT.OF-HEAD WITH VARIOUS.
TYPES OF GAGES*
Symbols
(The following symbols apply to Figs. A to H)
. .
hr1y = Discharge gage reading in feet ofwater
h sy = Suction _g.age .reading .in Jeet of water ",
Zr1 =Elevation of discharge gage zero above datum elevation in feet
"z, ·Elevation of suction gage zero above datum elevation in feet
(Za andZ, are negative if the gage· zero is below the datum
elevation)
Y, =Elevation .: of .discharge gage connection to 'discharge pipe·
above datum elevation in feet . ...", . · · · · ', . . ". . . . · .
Y .~ = Elevation of suction gage connection to. suction. pipe above .· ·
datum elevation in feet · . . . .
(Y <1 and Y . . are negative if the· gage connection to the pipe .' ·
lies below the datum elevation) · · · ·. · ··
V rt= Average water velocity in discharge pipe. at discharge gage· .. · ·
. connection in ft/sec. -: r, . . • . . .

V.~ = Average water velocity in suction pipe at sucti()n gage con- · .

nectiori in ft/sec · . · .•.•. · .' . . .
h., = Total discharge head in feet above atmospheric pressure at
· datum elevation ·. · . . . ·. . . · . .·
. h, ~ Suction or discharge gage reading in feet of mercury
 Miscellaneous
I .. .
Connecting pipe air-filled, to be drained before reading. Water
cannot be used in U tube if either hrty or hsJ exceeds height of rising
I .
loop. I
'
In particular installations, either hr1. or h, may be. measured by
various types of gages. Figs. D to H illustrate various examples,
h.CJ representing generally the· gage reading; applicable to either the
discharge gage reading hnu or the suction htding h, u:

Measurement of Head by
. .
MeansI of Water Gages
. . I
i
./

~m
8. -
0

z!9.·

..... i,
. fill9cl 4ith

.I
L
i
rr ~· 8.1. o .
5

F1JC. A . Fil(. B

. i .
If the pressure at the gage connection "a'i' is above the atmospheric
pressure use arrangement shown in· Fig. ~ with line between dis-
charge or suction pipe and the corresponding gage filled completely
with water. · .· · ! · · ·
 . ' . . . .. . .

I' lnger5oH·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

-- - · Inthis c-ase·--- - · · ..
.· . V,/-
h rl = - hrl,.·" + .·y rl +-.
2g-
v z.
h , = - h .. ,. + Ys + -
• •':< 2g .: .
•.
11- ·

••. FiJ'!. c

Signs of Y" and Y irapplyto positions shown in Fig. C.

. . · Measurement·~f Head. by Means of Mercury Gages .

. . ·. . . . ·. .

"The gage pressure is above. th~ atmospheric pressure .and the .:

connection line is filled with liquid pumped. Arranqemeni per Fig. D
In this case Gou9e connection . / v.,, v,1•• · ·

· · w · .'. ·. ·. ·v2
h = -··'-" hy+z + -·
1.l' . .: . 2y
 • ' • ~ '• I • • ' ' • ., ' J ' ·::~~~

~> - - _-- - -_.-_- --. - .·-.-;._· ._

~-

-.. Measurement of Total Pump Head by Means of

_;;..._.....;....__--!-I --~-
Miscellaneous

,,._,\ Differential Mercur~ Gage · .

:·) In this case I '•n• ,.,.~,
,_._, H- ( w,,, i') h . Vi· v s 2 I_,,,,--.-.~
• ')
.,.
r

~-
l
-
.
--
w
- .ti + -::>- - -2-
:.!i JI

a b~m;
( 19)'
/(
, I ~
I ---f+----++--_..=;;..._--"'

.
~ 1-~!'J hg
.) . _...1VfHl"T1~
1

1_. . . I Z _j_
Vs 1~ i 11. i
•:.' Suc.l •1
~:; - I hsg Oirr~renl1al

:; . . Fig. F 1.1. . Mercury Q•••

. ,

·~.~~.
~·
1

~·· '

hg-Reading of differential mercury gag~ in feet of mercury.

. .. . . . . . .I .

• i; Connecting lines are completely filled with water. ·

·)···~·
. Besides. the differential gage,· use a . separkte suction.gage as shown
• .· . . . . . I
t ~'·
in Figs. B and E. · .!
.; W,,, .h· . Z. : V}
eL h .~----
..
.~y- +;-2 .
e)• W l 11
i
I) lngersoll·Dress~f PumPs. · ·•·Cam~~()~ Hydr~uli~Data
. .

Measurement of H~:ad on- Verttcal Suction.Pumps •· .· ·

· ·in Sumps and Channels. .
· . . .

In installations ofvertical shaft pumps drawing water from. large ·

open sumps and having short inlet passages of a· length not exceeding
about three diameters of the inlet opening, such inlet pieces having
been .furnished .as part of the pump, the total head . shall be the
reading of the discharge gauge.in feet, plus the velocity head .at the
. gauge connection. in feet, plus the. vertical distance . from the· gauge
center to the free water level in the
: .
sump
.
·.
in ft. (Zws
.
- Z8). . .

zd ': ·. -, ... · .

· IMPELLER EYE - DATUM • · . .

 Miscellaneous
I
Data Required by Pump Manufacturers For
Proper Selection of Mat~rial
1. SOLL'TION TO BE PUMPED (Give common name, wherJ possible such as "spinning bath,"
"black liquor," "spent pickle." etc. 1 •••••••••••••••••••••• ~.: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

2 PRINCIPAL CORROSIVES (H2SO~. HCI. etc.) ) , .'iC

by weight.Un cases of mixtures, state definite percentages! by weight. For example: mixture
contains 29i acid. in terms of 96.5'f H1S04• !
3. pH (if aqueous solution) at ~ F
..t. · IMPt:RITIES OR OTHER co:-;STITUENTS NOT GIV~N IN "2" (List amounts of any
metallic salts, such as chlorides. sulphates, sulphides, cln~mates, and any organic materials
which may be present, even though in percentages as low '-5 .01~. Indicate. where practical,
whether they act as accelerators or inhibitors on the pump ?iaterial.) ...........•...........
...· " " •.• ·-· ·!· '
5. SPECIFIC GRAVITY (solution pumped) at l F
6. T~~PERATURE OF SOL'UTIO~: Maximum : ·I· , ; F,
Minimum F. Normal. , F · i .
7. VAPOR PRESSVRES AT ABOVE TEMPERATURES: Maximum .
Minimum ...•...... Normal (Indicate units used, such as pounds gauge, inches
water' millimeters. mercury.) . . . i .
8. VISCOSITY ..•....... SSU: or centistokes: at .], ;F
9. AERATION: Air-Free Partial .', .. Satur~ted , s,
Does liquid have tendency to foam? J. ~ ; ..
· 10. OTHER GASES IN SOLUTION .ppm, or i! cc . per..
liter .

u, soi.ins.r'N.susi>EN.si6N:. i~t~-t~·~;~;~;:::: :: : : : .: : : : 1:: .: :: : .: : : ::::::::::::: :: : : : : :

.............•....................•.•......•...•..•..• j ••.•. ·•..•.•........•.. ~ •....•• ; ..
Specific gravity of solids ;.; .. · : ; · .
Quantity of solids .• ......•............................... i ..•..•...•••• ·• ' ...••• 'k by weight.
Particle size mesh , ;· .. !· .....•...........•... 'h by weight
........... mesh · · I, . ~ 9' b y. we1g
. ht
.......... mesh ; I •••••••.•••••••••••••• 'h by weight
Character of solids: Pulpy ; Gritty. .. . .. .. Hard I Soft ..
12. CONTINUOUS OR INTERMITTENT SERVICE .
Will pump be used for circulation closed system or transfer~ ; .
Will pump be operated at times against closed discharge? . j •••••• , ••• : ••••••••••••••••••••••
I) lngersoll·Qress,er Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data
· · ··--· · ----· · .Pump Materials
The accompanying tables are printed as a guideto pump users,
indicating the materials commonly used in the manufacture of pumps
for the liquid services listed. It must be recognized, however, that
temperature, abrasive qualities of the liquid, concentration, purity,
and 'structural design problems are .factors. that will seriously affect
selectionofthe niaterials .for a pUIIIp. .· . · . . .
The letter 'symbols and numerical selections as used in Column ,5
"Material Selection" are. summarized below. ·
.
··· · · ·
. .

A-·.designates an all 'bronze.pump

B -designates a bronze· fitted· pump
.• C -_.• designates an· all iron pump

· ·. Summary of Material Selections and ASTM* -. ·.

· · · Standards Designations :
Corresponding National Society
Material· Standards Designation ·
Selection · ·. ASTM* Remarks-
t . A48. Classes 20, 25, 30, Gray lron=Slx Grades
35, 40"&50 .
1 (a) . A536&A395 Ductile Cast lron~Six Grades -· . · .. .
2 :. . 8584. Tih Bronze & Leaded Tin Bronze~seven alloys
3 . A216-WCB Carbon Steel ·.· · -. •.· · · · · · · · · · · ·
4 . A217-C5 5% Chromium Steel
5 . A743-CA15 · 12oio Chromium Steel
 Miscellaneous
__ _pu_r:np Material~ · :
'*Materials of ConstructionFor Pumpirg -Various Liquids
Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5
Column 1
Conditron Chemical Spec1f1c Material1
L1qu1d of hqurd symbol gravity selection

Acetaldehyde C,H,0 0.76 c

Acetate Solvents A,B,C,B,9, 10,11,16
Acetone? C,H~O 0.79 B,C
Acetic Anhydride C,H-0, 1.08 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Acid. Acetic Cone. Cold C,H,0; 1.05 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16

Acid. Acehc D1I. Cold 8, 9. 10, 11, 12, 16

Acid. Acetic Cone. 801hng 9. 10, 1_ 1. 12, '6
Acid. Acetic, D1I. 801hng 9, 10, 11, 12. 16
Acid. Arsenic. Ortho- H ,AsO,1·2H .O 2.0-2.5 8. 9, 10, 11, 12
Ac1d. Benzo1c C~H,O! ' 1.27 8, 9, 1 o. 11, 16
Acid; Boric Aqueous Sol. H,.80, A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Acid; Butyric Cone C,H.O~ 0.96 8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Acid, Carbolic. Cone. IM. P. 106 Fl C.H.O 1.07 c. 8, 9, 1 o. 1 1, 16.
Acid. Carbolic (See Phenol) B. 8, 9, 10, 11 • 16
Acid. Carbonic Aqueous Sol. co;» H,o 4,8, 16

Acid. Chromic · Aqueous Sol. Cr~O, • H~O 8, 9, 10, 1 1. 12, 16

Acid, Crtnc · Aqueous Sol. C.H.O, - H~O 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Acids. Fatty (Ole1c. 8, 9, 10, 11. 16
Patrmuc, Stear1c;
etc.)
Acid. Formic 1.22 9, 10.11. 16
Acid. Fru:t . A. 8, 9, 1 o. ,, . 14, 16
Acid. Hydrochloric Coml. Cone. HCI 11
Acid. Hydrochloric 011. Cold 11
Acid. Hydrochloric D1I. Hot 11
Acid, Hydrocyan1c HCN 0.70. C,8,9, 10, 11, 16
Acid. Hydrofluoric Anhydrous. with Hydro . HF+. HxCx 3, 14
Carbon
Acid. Hydrofluoric Aqueous Sol. HF 14
Acid, Hydrofluos1hc1c H S1F. 1.30 14
Acid, Lactic ... ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C,,H.O:o 1.25 A. 8, 9, 1 o. 11. 12, 16
 .

I) . lngersOll-Dresser P~mps
. .

Ca~eron Hydraulic Data

.
...,...._,. j . ,
'\

·.. '. .
·. ··c;·
._'\
.
* Material.s of Construction For Pumpif1g' Various Liquids-(cC>rit:) . . l

Column. 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5

Column 1
Condmon, Chemical Specific. Material'
"(9··

...
Liquid ot liquid ·. symbol gravity selection

Ammonium Bicar-
bonate
Ammonium Chlonde
Aqueous Sol.

Aqueous Sol.
NH,HCO,

NH,CI
c,3,5

9.1~11,12,14,16
· ·-=·
._,
"
Arnrrromum Nrtr:ate Aqu.eous.Sol. NH,N0.1 C,.8,9,.10, 11, 14, 16
Ammonium Phos- Aqueous Sol. (NH,bHPo,··· C,8,9, 10, 11, 14,16
phate .. D1bas1c
Aluminum Sulfate Aqueous Sot. (NH,)tSO, .· B,9,1~ •. 11-,16 . ·· · .. · .

Ammonium Sulfate With suuunc acid . . . . · .... · .. . 9, 10, 11, 12, 16 .

Aniline
. Arulme Hydro-
· ·
· Aqueous Sot.
C.H~N
C,,H,NHtHC,
1.02.
..... ·.·.; ...
B,C
.11, 12
flt·.
chloride
Asphalt . Hot . 0.98-1.4 C,5 .
c. 8, .9, 1 o. 11 ~ , 6 .. .~·
·. ·fl·
Barium Chloride Aqueous Sol. BaCl~

·c
. Barium Nitrate Aqueous Sol. • · Ba(NO,.)~ ... ,·, ..... c, 8, 9, 1 o. 11, 16
Beer ............ ,:.·, .· ... . · . · . A,8, H3 .
Beer Wort A,8, 16 ....•
Beet Juice .:
.. . . .. ,.·, . .
.
.
. ~ . . . . -~ . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. A,8,16.
Beet Pulp . . .· . • A,8,8,9, 10, 11, 16 .· ...
. .· . .: ·~ .
. . . . . . . •···
·.:

·Benzene ~ · •. 0.88 . ···~u•u••••••••••••u~~-.-;.~- .. :•

Benzine (See.Petroleum ether)
·Benzol (See Benzene) -: . ............... ·, .. •.•. . ·e,c ·
~......... . ·.~. .

_ . ·. .
Bi chloride of Mercury (See Mercuric Chloride) ·.· · ' \
.. :. .. .. .. . . . .. .......... ~
_,,
Black Liquor. · (See Liquor; Pulp Mrll) ... . ·~ · ; •.•.•.• .
_
. c

. . ..
. '

Bleach Solutions . (See type) ................... . . . . . . . ~ . ... . . . ~ .. . . ~ !~---~-~~·-··- .;.; . :

Blood ~· · ·. · :· .
. -. .
-',

Boiled Feedwater (See Water, Boiler Feed) .· ···.···.

C.
. .
•.•
Brine, catcium pH >8 ·. CaCI~ · . · : .' c. 11, 13, 14
Chloride
Brine. Calcium pH<8 ... · · ,·. A..10. 11;.13, 14
Chloride
Bi'ine. Calcium & Aqueous Sol. . . . . . . . . .. . ~ . ·. A,'10.11, 13, 14
6·
Magnesium .. ·.,· . . .· .
 Miscellaneous .

. *Materials of Construction For Pumping V~rious Liquids.(cont.)

·.· . , I . . .
. - . .1

Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5

Column 1
·Condition :.Chemical Specific Material1
Liquid of hqurd symbol .
i! gravity selection

Chloride of Lime (See Calcium Hypo- .... . ...... ..... i

Chlorine Water
chlonte)
(Depending on cone.) I 9, 10, 11, 12, 16

ChlorobenzeM
Chloroform
~~~~~; r
, .,
1.5
A.8,8,16
A.B,9, 10, 11, 14, 16
Chrome ·Alum Aqueous Sol. CCHKC(s1
r ''o, ) : . 12H : 0 !i 10, 11, 12
Condensate (See Water. Distilled) .................. ti
Copperas. Green (See Ferrous Sulfate) ................ ··J·
;
Copper Ammomum Aqueous Sol. .... •.•· ··1· l c. 8, 9. 10, 11, 16
Acetate
Copper Chloride Aqueous Sol. CuCI: 11. 12
(Cupric). j
Copper Nitrate Cu(NO,.):·· 8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Copper Sulfate. Blue Aqueous Sol. ceso, !i .. · . 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 16.
Vitriol
Creosote (See Oil, Creosote) . ......... ..... i.
. . i
c. 5, 9, 16
. i
Cresci, Meta
Cyanide· · (See Sodium Cyanide
~H.O
. . . ····.····· ..... I,..
' 1.03
- :.. ~ .
arid Potassium
Cyanide) r
I
Cyanogen In Water (CN)2Gas
I c
·Di phenyl CHH~·CfiH~ .99 . C,3
Enamel .... ••.••.•• f .. c
i
Ethanol (See Alcohols) ........... . ... r.f
Ethylene Chloride
(d1-chlol'ide)
Cold CzH4CI: ! 1.28 A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16

Ferric Chloride Aqueous Sot. FeCl3 i 11, 12

Ferric Sulphate Aqueous Sol: Fei(SO,h j 8, 9, 1 o, 11, 12. 1 e
Ferrous Chloride Cold. Aqueous FeClz J 11, 12

Ferrous Sulphate Aqueous Sol. FeSO, i 9. 1~.11, 12, 14,16

(Green Copperas)
Formaldehyde CH20 : 1.08 A. 8, 9; 1 o. 11, 16
Fruit Juices . . . . .... . . . ~ . '. ~ . .
; . A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16
.: ·. · 1 ·~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps C~meron Hydraulic Data

*Materials of~consfruction For·Pumping Various Liquids (cont.)

Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5

Column 1
Conditron Chemical . · Spec;1hc Matenal1
L1qu1d . of hqurd symbol . gravity selection

Liquor-Pulp Mill: ... : ' .. ·. C,3,9, 10, 11, 12,

Green ' 14, 16
Liquor-Pulp Mill: C,3,9, 10,11, 12,
. White 14.16
Liquor-Pulp Mill: c. s.s, 10. n. 12, -.:
·Pink 14, 16 '
Liquor-Pulp .Mill: . . . .. . . . . .. . . . ~ ; . .. .. . ·. 9,10,11, 16
·Sulfite
Litruum Chloride . Aqueous Sol. L1CI c
Lye, Caustic (See Potassium &
Sodium Hydroxide)
.' _ ·,···.
·~-----····
Magnesium Chlonde Aqueous Sol. . MgCI, . ; :. '. 10, 1t12 ' '
Magnesium Sulfate Aqueous Sol. MgSO, c. 8, 9, 1 o.. 1 1, 16
(Epsom Salts)
Manganese Chlonde Aqueous SoL. . MnCl,·.11-i,O A, 8,9,H>, 11, 12, 16 •' ·. · · .

Mangarious Sulfate Aqueous Sol. .MnS0,·4H,O .: A.C,8;9.10; n, 16.

Mash •
. . . .. . . . . . . . •.···
· ..
. .
. . ~ . . . •, . .• .' . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . .
A, B, 8, 16 . .. . .
Mercuric Chloride. . Very Dilute Aqueous Sol. HgCI, ............: 9, 10, 11, 12, 16 '
Mercuric Chloride . · · · Cerni. Cone. Aqueous · · HgCI,. 11, 12
Sol.. . '
._·, '
.
Mercuric Sulfate · In Sulfuric Acid · HgSO, ~ H,SO, 10, 11t12

. Hg1 SO,~ H,SO, .'.

· Mercurous Sulfate
Methyl Chloride
In Sulfuric Acid
...................... .CH.,c1· . . 0.52 c1o,11, 12
'
. . . . . . ·• . . . . : . . . . . . . ~ . . . -, : -~ ·.. . CH,CI, _··.
;

Methylene Chloride : 1.34 C,8,16

.. Mtlk .. . .. · · . .. . ·.·:
;,,•• . 1.03.:..1.04 ' 8, 16
. . . . : ; . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ . . . . . . .
· Milk of Lime (See Lime Water) · ···········----······ . -······
.
' '

..
'

. :~.:- --.~~~-~~-~~.: .
·'

Mine Water· (See Acid .. M1~e Water) .... · .. · ·. •',• . . -~~~

M1scella (20°0 Soyabean 011 & · .. · .... • . : .· . · .. : .. · .. 0.75 c
. . Solvent)
Molasses . ." .- .·. .· ', A, B . . . ·.
Mustard ......... ' ..... '·' .. · A. 8, 9, 10.11, 12, 16 ·
Naphtha . : i·· •.••• ;: •...... •••• :; •••• •• • 0.78-0.88 B,C ..
 Miscellaneous
.. . . . . . . . : . . . 1' .

. *Materials of Construction F9r Pumping Various Liquids (cont.)

. . .. . . . . I ·. . . . ... ·. · .
Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 · Columns
Column 1
Condmon Chemical Specrnc ·Material'
of hqu1d -symoot gravity selection

Paraffin Hot ................. ~. B,C

Pernydrol (See Hydrogen ................. ~' .
Peroxide)
i
Peroxide of (See Hydrogen ................ 'i'i.
Peroxide
Hydrogen i'
Petroleum Ether
c~ti.;o'· · · · · · · · 1··.' s.c
.Phenol 1.07 C,8,9, 10, 11, 16
Pink Liquor
Photographic
(See Liquor. Pulp Mill)
. : .: : .:: .: : : : .i: 8, 9, 1 o. 11, 16
Developers . I
·. Platrng Solutions (Vaned and compli- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ..
cated. consult pump
mtg rs.)
Potash Plant Liquor t .
~ 8, 9, 1 o, 11, 13,

Potash Alum Aqueous Sol. ~,~;~~.;,:~~~~·.·. ~~-[o . . . !.

·. 14, 16

. 14, 16
.
A. 9. 10, 11, 12, 13,
Potassium Bi- Aqueous Sol. K2Cr2.0; i c
chromate i
Potassium Carbonate Aqueous Sol.
'
! c
Potasstum Chlorate f'
Aqueous Sol. . · KCIO:i 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16
A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16
Potassium
Potassium
Chloride
Cyanide
Aqueous
Aqueous
Sol.
Sol.
KCI
KCN i c
Potassium Hydroxide Aqueous Sol. KOH i c. s. 8, 9, 1 o, 11,
Potassium Nitrate Aqueous Sol. KNO,; I! . 13, 14, 15, 16
C,5,8,9,10, 11,16
i
· Potassium Sulfate Aqueous Sol. K2SO,.: t A. 8. 9. 1 o, 11, 1 s
Propane C,,H. 0.59@48F B,C,3
Pyridine C:,H~N 0.98 c
Pyridine Sulphate ' •'• · . ' 10.12
... . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .
• 0 0 0 Oo 0 oo o 0 00 I 0 o;o o 0

· Hhidolene . ............... ·i··i . B,C

I·
·· Rosin (Colophony) Paper Mill· .. · .
L! . ... ..... ,.: c
Sal Ammoniac (See Arnrnornum ·
 ..'

I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data . ·.

.n.)
"""'.<

·-·-- -·" - --···.

*Materials of Construction For Pumping Various Liquids (ccnt.)'.:

Column 1
. Column 2

Condmon
·-'"'.~- --- ··-·.- - ... · . . .

Column 3.

·chem1ca1
Column 4

Specific
Column 5

Mateiiaf1
.

·~-~
·~
. ..

.]
.,_::
~ .. ..
. "\

of hqu1d

Na,HP0,·7H_.0
symbol gravity seieenon
· . ·ti· .

.
'
Sodium Phosphate: Aqueous Sol. A, C; 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 . _.

D1bas1c
8
c·-.:~:
Sod rum Pnosanate; Aqueous Sol. Na,P,·2H~O c
Tnbasic

-,
Sodium Phosphate: Aqueous Sol.. A,8,9, 10, 11, 16.
Meta
Sodium Phosphate: . · Aqueous Sol. . (NaPO:il .. : .· •.· .. ; ... 8,9, 10, 11,16
Hexameta

E
Sodium
Sodium
Ptummte
Sulfate
· Aqueous
Aqueous
Sol.
Sol.
N~~sC>; . c
A, 8, 9, 10, 11 ; 16 .
Sodium Sulfide Aqueous Sol. . Na:s • ... C,8,9, 10, 11, 16 .: "'
Sodium Sulhte Aqueous Sol. Na~SO,, • • • i • • • • ~ • A,8, 9, 10.11. 16
Sodium Trucsultate Aqueous Sol. Na~s~o'. SH:O
:It·
8,9, 10, 11, 16. . . '•

Stannic Ctiloride Aqueous Sol. SnCI, ·.· . . 11, 12

Stannous Chloride· Aqueous Sol. SnCI.. .
· .c. ·
11, 12
. Starch· .• . .. . . . . . ~ . ·. . . . . . . . .. . . (C.H;·;,0,.)x A, B . . .
··:j.·
'

·
._

·,1·, \
Stronnum Nitrate Aqueous So.I. Sr(NO,,b ·. C,8~16.
Sugar . Aqueous Sol. . · .. · · ·: ·, .. ~ . A,8,9,10, 11, 13,16 . .. ~·
. ·.··.;
. -·
Sulfite Liquor · (See Liquor. Pulp Mill)
In Water s ......········--·······-----··-·
A. c. 8, 9, 1 o, 11, 16 .
Sulfur
Sulfur Molten· s c
Cold .• · · S~CI:. c.

"'
Sulfur Chloride . .
Syrup (See Sugar) . . ,: •.• · . .
.
,·. .... ;.~ ~;. ~ .
Tallow Hot ....... · .. .· 0.90 c
.........~.... ........
.;,

Tanning Liquors. . A. 8,9, 10, 11, 12

.
. 14, 16 .....
Tar Hot ............. · ....·. ... · · c.. 3 · ·
·. · ·. c
.

-- -:
Tar & Ammonia In Water .C ·.:· .
(See Stannic Chloride)
.6
Tetrachloride of Tm
Tetraethyl Lead Pb(C~H:.J. 1.66 B,C
Toluene (Toluol) .... .; .; ' . ·c~H.· . 0.87 · 8,C
 , i·..:.·
. -:

C
.,

-·='~.;·-, · ·
•.: ...
I·
.... -~ .
.

··~·
j"'. .
'.'!

:. : .. ,.
,··
, I \

-
'

SECT10N 9

- .
CONVERSIONJ[)ATA --
. .
. : ·•

. .
-z
-·~·=======:;:::==::;··=·=·:::;::::;:======,._.I--
.
l

·/l.•·. ·
.
.·v· .
~ . . . .
 --· ·-.

I·~ • lngenoll·Dre~sel' Pumps

-----'---'-·

·. Cameron ·Hydraulic Data .· ·

· coNTENTS OF SECTION 9

Conversion Factors
·Page•
GeneralNotes . · ' ~ • .· . , : .. · ; .. : .. ·.. 9~3
Common English Equivalentsand Formttlas .. ; '. . .. 9~4
Notes oil Inter~ational System (SI) of Units , · > .. :9.5· l ,.
.. .'
ft:
,.
.·. ·•· 1
.·Metric (SI) Conversion Data ..... · ... ~ . : .". ·: ~ ·: '. ; ~ : . s-a . I .
. ~. ~\
i .
.·. l
. Fahrenheit artdJ~elsi~s Equivalents (.Cortvefsion Table). ·..•. : ; 9~1i .· ·. . .. i:

. 1·
. - . -: - ' .
. . ... .

.Metric (SI)-·.· Conversion Factors .. ·

.·: .. ,• . ,· . .. -
<
,.
: 9-14 thru ·9-27 . · ' '
'
'·'

Metric Flow Formulas

. . ~ ·: ~ .. .:': : : .. : . ·. • .
. . . .. .: .. ·. . 9-28
.
. . ' ~

--:;,
' '

·.· . ". ··i·

I
. ·.· ·:··; . ·.c- -
...

.i
II ·. ·
··~··

.I
 l

Conve ,rsion
. Factor Data 1
f
.
.
. . : .
. .
.
.·
...
. . ...
; '
.
.
.. ':
. . . . .I . .
--·- · - - - General Notes i . · . ~

Since the British Gravitatio~al Syst~m (EJglish System) o; units

is still the system in practical use in the United States today· and
will continue to be so for sometime in the future and is the basis
on which the data in this book is printed, th~ proper understanding
of certain fundamental terms in this system is !essential and therefore I .

the following review is offered: . !

. The pound (lb) is the unit applying to fofce or weight and also
to mass, but with a different meaning. It is therefore ambiguous,
and confusion in its use may result. Force.is a "buantity" (of something
. I .
rather undefinable; a primary cause known oJily by its effects) which· I

will change the velocity of-. accelerate or d~celerate;..._a particle of t·

· · matter. Weight of a body means the force [required to support it l

· 'against the action of gravity(in thatIocalityl.! Mass is defined by the r-

relation; Force = mass x acceleration= weight x acceleration grav- .
. . . . . .· . . I .
of 1
j
I
ity. To avoid confusion we shouldreally· speak of "lb force" and "lb.
mass". · · 1

I .

The foot (ft) is the "arbitrarily selected" u~it of length.

. - . . . . r
> • • ., • ' •

The foot-pound (ft-ib) is the unit ofwork, or of mechanical energy ·

which isthe capacity to do work. l ft-lb is ~he .work performed by·
a force of 1 lb acting through a distance of 1 ft; or the· work required
· · · to lift a weight ofI lb vertically by 1 ft; or I the potential energy of
the weight after being raised, in reference toJ its former level. Stand-
I) Ingersoll-Dresser l'umPs< Cameron Hydraulic Data

Torque is turning .effort caused by a fo~ce acting nor~al to a radius ·

at a .set distance from the axis of rotation, and is expressed in pound-
feet (lb at a radius of 1 ft).
. . . ·, .: ··.· . .. · -. ' . . . "; ,5250 (hp)
Torque · (lb-ft) . force
· · (lb) x lever arm
· (ft)·=
· .
· rpm .

Conversions . . . Equations 'involvirrgrrrrits measure are oftwo of

· types: (1) equations of equivalent 'physical quantities, such as 12 .in.
· · 1 ft: and. (2) equations of equivalent numerical value, such as (no. · ·• . .
of in.) = 12 x (no. of ft). In making> conversions or in substituting
terms in a formula the second type is usually· more convenient. ·

· EnglishConversion Table.·.
· ......

To· .· .· .
, ·. Jo.: .. -'. - .. . . .

Convert . . · Mu1tiprv·· . ·. Convert . ". ·. · · ··· ". · · ., Multiply··.·

From. . To .·By• · From .. To · .: . .BY .

Length.· Volume·· ·
.··'
inches feet 0.0833 cu inches · ·cu feet .. ·· . 0.000!5'787
· inches yards . 0.0278 .· cu inches" · • cuyards 0.00002143
feet inches . '•. . 12 . cu inches· . u S gal 0.004329 · .
. feet yards . 0;3333·· cu feet .'.. cu inches · 1728
. . . . : :

feet miles· 0.0001894 . cu feet , · cu yards 0.03704

yards feet ... 3. : cu feet · .: ·us gal'. . 7A8t
yards miles. . 0.0005682 ···.cu yards : cu inches 46,~6·.·
 . . I . . . . ..
Conversion
. . I . . . . Factor Data
I
I
r~

~'
', ·. . ·. ". . . I . · . ·..
' '

. International System of Units {Metric)

General Notes .
The International System of Units, generally known as "SI", has
I
been adopted by the International Standards Organization. Recog-
nizing the worldwide trend to the use of this modernized metric
. I

system this edition is providing these guidelines for the use of SI

in its practical applications to hydraulic enginJering. These guidelines ·
include most units which are likely to be used in handling of hydraulic
fluids. . .
This system is known as SI and consists 6r
seven base· units and
other units which .are coherently derived fr9m them. The fact that
it is coherent is one of the main advantages .dlairned for SI. It means
. that the product or quotient of any two unit tjuantities in the system
results in another unit.quantity, .
.
i 1
·
' '

SI Base and Supplementary Units

Quantity Uhit
I .. .
·Symbol
. i '
Length· meter rn
Mass .kilobam _ · kg
Time second S·
I
Electric current ampereI
A
Thermodynamic temperature· · kelvin K
 .. ·.. . .· . · .. ·. . ". ·. ·. . .. . . " .: .

· · I~ lngersoll·Dres~er P~mps .· · . · Cameron Hydraulic Data · ·

Quantity Unit · ·. Svmbol
.....

MECHANICS
Density kilogram per cubic meter kg/rn"
Momentum kilogram meter per· second . kg~m/s
Moment .of Inertia kilogram .meter squared . kg-rn" .
Force · r.iewton .. N·.· kg-rn/s"
Torque, moment of force . newton meter Nvrn
Energy, work; heat
· quantity· . joule · ·J=N·m·
Power -. . . .watt. .. . .W
. . _:::; JI. s .
.· Pressure.rstress • · ·. . pascal.:·.··· .

LIGHT·.
Customary temperature· .· deg;ee Celsius . oc •.
Thermal conductivity watt per meter kelvin Wl(m~K)
Entropy Joule per kelvin . . J/K·:. · ... · .. · . . '.

Specific heat · joule per kilogram kelvin· Jl(kg'. K)

ELECTRICITY AND .
MAGNETISM
Electric charge . . coulomb . CA·s·.•··
Electric potential, volt- .· · ·
 ,·.~. . . I . . . . -: . . .
:•••
/ -,

.
. ~onre~s10~ Factor Data ·

·r.. ·
......... ,
'·:::

•;./ I
·Quantity Unit [ Symbol
.
~

.··-~i
~ .VISCOSITY
ff:--·. ·.
.
t: Kinematic viscosity square metef per second m2/s
'.
Dynamic (absolute) viscosity pascal secon~ . Pa·s

·(~'
'
'
.

.
.
:

Explanation of Some of the Units

The principal departure of SI from the gfavimetric form of metric
engineeririg units is the separate and distinct units for mass and force .
. Kilogram (kg) is restricted to the unitof mass, Mass is the property.
of matter to which it' owes its inertia. • .
. .
l I
i .
. .
. Newton· (N) is a unit of force and should be used in place of kilo-
gramforce, poundforce, etc. The first law [of motion;' force· is equal
to mass
. times acceleration,
. defines
. the. newton
. I . in terms of base
. units.
1N=lkg·m/s2 .· 1

.
Joule (J) is a unit of energy and is. the lark done when the point
. . . . , . I .

· of application of a force of one newton is displaced a distance of one

. · meter in the direction of the force. 1 J = 1 JN· m ·. . . -.
. ·I ~ lngersoll·Dre.sser Pumps. . Cameron Hydraulic Data
. ._;~
........")
!. · ~>.,

• _.,..
. SI Unlts and Conversion Factors ·~

•
Units underlined are those selected for common use
·oa)
·I -:
:.· ~. .,..,...
To Convert from ·. to Multiply by

LENGTH ;

Feet meter m 0.304 8 i •.

1!~:
Inch millimeter mm 25.4
Microinches micrometer µm 0.025 4 '
.Statute miles kilometer
' '
· km. 1.609 ,'

AREA '

·C:
:-.· .. •J. "

Square inches . square millimeter ' rnrrr . 645.2

Square inches · . square centimeter . •.cm:! '6.452
square meter . .. ~,
Square inches· . m· '0. .000
. 645
. .
'
· . ~~
Square feet ' square rneter··. m". ·. 0.092 90
'Acres hectare .: t1a • '0.404 7
· -41:
-
VOLUME .:
. Cubic .inches
.Cubic inches
Cubic inches
cubic millimeter ·
· c~bic centimeter ·
cubic meter··
mm"
cm".
m='
16387.
16.387
' 0.000 .016 39
••
·.·i . .

.·.
(Pi
·c·. . 't

·ea:
'· . ' . ,' '
Cubic feet ·.. cubic meter . ·m:i ().028 32
Fluid ounce . ·milliliter
. ·. mL
29.57 . ..
' ' '

· . .•. · . . ·L- ..
 Con~ersion ·Factor Data
.
. . '. . . . I
I . .
SI Units and Conversion Factor' (Continued)
' .

· ·.Units underlined are those selected fqr common use

!

To Convert from to I Multiply by·

' i
!
PRESSURE.STRESS i
Poundsisquare inch pascal Pa 6895.
Pounds/square inch kilopascal kPa 6.895
Pounds/square inch megapascal MPa 0.006 895
Kilogram/square meter pascal Pa .9.8P7 .
Bar· kilopascal kP.a 100;-
, •;.r ,•

Millibar· pascal ... · ·Pa . 100 .

SPEED, VELOCITY . -1 :
Feet/second meter per second !
i. mis 0.304 8
Feet/minute meter per second i mis 0.005 08
Miles/hour· kilometer per.hour ! . km/h. .· 1.609

'
ENERGY, WORK
'
'' 1.·

British Thermal Units BTU joule I 1055.

.?" - _\.~

J
~ ~ ..
Foot pound force· joule
'
t J 1.356
· Calorie .·joule J 4.186 .8

POWER
BTU/hour watt w 0.293 1
BTU/second watt w 1055.
 . . - ~ . .

·I ) lngersoll·Da'esser Pumps .. Cameronllydrahlic Data

·svunn~fand Con~ersiori Faf,:tors (Con.tinued) . ·

Units underlined are those selected for common use · ..

To Convert from. · · I.···. to ·I Multiply by

WATER HARDNESS
Grains/gallon (U.S.) (GPG) grams per liter g/L 0.017 12

ACCELERATION ·
· Feet/second2 · · · meter per second" · ·.·. · m/s2 . 0.304. 8
Free.tall, standard meter per second" m/s2 9.806 7.

ENERGY/AREA TIME
· BTU/feet2 second · . watt per meter2 ··•w/m:! · 11348 ·
· . BTU/feet2 hour .. watt per meter2 ··· W/m2 3.152 5.
. . . .
THtf1MALCONDUCTIVITY·. . .
. BTU· inch/hour-feet2;deg F watt per meter+-" W/(m:K)· ·.·. 0.144 2 · .
· kelvin."

THERMAL CONDUCTANCE
· BTU/hour'.feet2:deg F · watt per meter2~ ... · ·. W/(m2 • K) .... .· 5.678 · ·
"kelvin •·

CAPACITY. DISPLACEMENT .
mchesvrevotutlcn liter per revolution · ·· .· Ur ·. 0.016 39
 ' ·.. ·1 . '. ' ... ·.·· . .

Conrersion Factor Data

·. EquivalentTemperature Readings fpr Fahrenheit

: '
and Celsius Scales I ·
°F = 915 ·c + 32 . . i
i
0 c
= s19 (°F·32)
"Fanren- "Fahren- °Fahren- 1 · "Fahren- ·
heit °Celsius heit °Celsius heit °Celsius heit "Celsius
I

-459.4 -273. -21. -29.4 17.6 I

r- 8. 56. 13.3
-260. -20.2 -29. I
-436. 18. r7.8 57. 13.9
-418. -250. -20. -2a9 19. f-7.2 57.2 14.
-400. -240. -19. -28.3 19.4 t- 7. 58. 14.4
-382. -230. -18.4 -28. 20. .;_5_7 59. 15.
-364. -220. -18. -27:8. 21. +.6.1 60. 15.6
. -346. -210 . -17. -27.2 21.2 t-6. 60.8 16.
-328. -200. -16.6 -27:' 22. t-5.6 .. 61. 16.1.
-310. -190. -16. -26.7 23. t 5. 62. 16.7
-292.
-274.
-180.
-170.
-15.
-14.8
-26.1
-26.
24.
24.8
l.4_4 62.6
63.
17.
17.2 I
l
i4.
'-256. -160. -14. -25.6 25. .64. 17.8
-238. -150.' -13. . -25. 26: . I 3.91
3,3 64.4 18.
-220. -140. -12.0 -24.4 26.6 -;-3. 65. 18.3
-202. -130~ -11.2 -24. 27. .L2.8 66. 18.9
l
-184:. -120. -11. -23.9 28. +2.2 66.2 .19.
-166. -110. -10.0 -23.3 28.4 +2. 67. 19.4
-148. -100 .. , -9.4 -23. 29.. ·.. +1.7 68. 20.
-'- 139.
'-130.
-95.
-90.
-9.'
-8. ·.
-22.8
-22.2
'.
30.
30.2.
++ 1.1
1.
69.
69.8
20.6
21.
-121. -BS. -7.6
'

-22: 31. -o.e

'
70. . 21.1
-112. -BO. -7. -21.7 32. : 0. 71. 21.7
-103. -75. -6. -21.1 33. +0.6 71.6 22.
-94. -70. -5.8 -21. 33.8 ·, i 1. 72. 22.2
-85. -65. -5. -20.6 34. : 1.1 73. 22.B
-76. -60. -4. -20. 35. · 11.7 73.4' 23.
-67. -55. -3. -19.4 '·.
35.6' 2. 74. '23.3
-58. -50. '-2.2 -19: 36. 2.2 75. 23.9
-49. -45. .· -2. -18.9'. 37. 2.8 75.2 24.
Il 1ngersoll·Dresser Pumps ·. Cameron Hydraulic Data
Equivalent Temperature Readings for-·Fahrenlieit ------ -· -------------- · ·
· and Celsius Scales (Continued)
°F = 915 •c + 32
•c ::: 519 (°F-32)
:Fahr- · "Fahr- "Fahr- ·. :Fahr·
enheit "Celsius enheit °Celsius enhert "Celsius '

enheit 'Celsius
95. 35. 134. 56 . 7' 172.4 78. 211.' 99.4
96. 35.6 134.6 '57.0 173. 78.3 212. .100.
96.8 36. 135. ·sTi 174. 78:9. 213. 100~6
97. 36.1 136. . · 57.8 174.2 79. .' '213.8' 101.
98. 36.7 136.4 ',•
58. 175.' 79.4:' 214. 101.1
.

98.6 37. 137. 58.3 176.·· 80. 215: ,. '101,7

99. 37.2 138. 58.9 177. 80.6 : · 215.6
,.

102.
100. 37.8. ,,
138.2 59:0' '177.8 '

81. 216, 102.2

100.4 38. 139. 59.4 ·. 178. 81.1 217. 102.8
101. 38.3 140.·.· so: 179. 81 :7 .217.4 103 .
102. 38.9 .: .141. 60.6 ' .179 .. 6 82 ... 2180 103.3
102.2 39. 141.8 61. 180. 82.2 219: 103;9
103. ' 39:4 •'
142 .. · .61.1' 181. 82.8
:
219.2 104 ..
104. 40 .. ,143. '. 61.7 ' 181.4 83. '220.'' . '•
104.4
105. 40.6 143:6 62. 182~ ',.' 83.3 221. ,· 105 ..
,.

105.8 : 41. 144 .: -•·62.2 :183: 83.9 222. '105.6

106_.' 41.1 145. 62.8 ' 183.2, '84. 222;8' 106.
107. " 41.7 145.4 63 : 184., .: 84.4 223:' . 106:1 ·
107.6 ·42 .. 146.' :, 63.3 ''

185: :
BS; 224. · .... 106.7
..
108. '42.2 147.: : 63.9 186. 85.6 "
224~6
"

107.
109.. 42.8 147.2 64.' . 186.8 86. ·225.-·. "

107;2.
109.4 43. 148. _64.4 ' 187. 86.1 226 .
" 107.8, ,.
110. 43.3 149, .65.' ,' . 188. . r
86.7 .·• 226.4 108.
111. 43~9 -. 150. ·:s5.6 188.6
''
87. . 227. .108.3 .
111.2 44: . 150.8 ' 66: 189. 87.2 228 .
.
"

108.9
112. 44.4 . . 151. , .66.1 190. ' 8_7:8
''

228.2 109.
. 113. .45. 152 ... '66.7 190.4 88. 229. 109.4
114. '45.6 152.6: '.67. 191: 88.3 230.
' 46. ,' 110.
114.8
•,

153. . 67.2 '. .192 . 88 -,9 . 231. · .. 110.6

 .. I . . . . r
Conversion
. i . Factor
. Data t
. !
~·
I.

Equivalent Temperature Readin~s for Fahrenheit

and Celsius Scales (Continued)
°F = 9/5 °C + 32 -c = 5/9 ( f•32)
0

.
°Fahren- °Fahren- "Fahren- i
!
"Fahren-
heit °Celsius heit °Celsius heit °Celsius heit •Celsius
.
250. 121.1 281. 138.3 312.8 156. 343.4 173.
251. 121.7 282. 138.9 313. 156.1 344. 173.3
251.6 122. 282.2 139. 314. 156.7 345. 173.9
252. 122.4 283. 139.4 314.6 157. 345.2 174.
253. 122.8 284. 140. 315. 157.2 346. 174.4

253.4 123. 285. 140.6 316. ' 157.8 347. 175.

254. 123.3 285.8 141. 316.4 158. 348. 175.6
255. 123.9 286. 141.1 317. 153.3 348.8 176.
255.2 124. 287. 141.7 318. 158.9 349. 176.1
256. 124.4 287.6 142. 318.2 159, 350. 176.7

257. 125. 288. '142.2 319. .159.4 350.6 177.

258. 125.5 289 .. 142.8 320. 160. •. 351. 177.2
258.8 126, . 289.4 143 . 321. 160.6 352:. 177.8
.'

259. 126.1 290 .: 143.3 321.8 161. . 352.4 178.

260. 126.7 291. 143.9 322. 161.1 '353. 178.3
:
260.6 127. 291.2 144. 323. 161.7 354. 178.9
261. 127.2 292. 144.4 323.6 162. 354.2 179.
262. 127.8 293. 145. 324. 162.2 355. 179.4
262.4 128. 294. 145.6 325. 162.8 356. 180.
263. 128.3 294.8 146. 325.4 163. 357. 180.6
·.
264. 128.9 295. 146.1 326. ' 163.3 357.8 181.
264.2 129. 296. 146.7 327 .. 163.9 . 358. 181.1
265. 129.4 296.6 147. 327.2 164. 359. 181.6
266. 130. 297. 147.2. 328. 164.4 359.6 182.
267. 130.6 298. 147.8 329. . : 165. 360. 182.2
 . . . . . . . . .. . .

· 1 ) . lngersoH·D~sser Pumps · ·
. . :

Cameron 'Hydraulic D.ata .

. -Geneiat Co·n·v-ersion Factors
·. •indicates preferred SI system units

To convert from·.·· I . ·. · . : re. · · Multiply by

absolute (dynamic) .· (refer to viscosity tabtes=-paqes 4-25 to

viscosity. '. page 4-28) · ·

acres square-:-f:eet-(ft2) · 43560

~ square meters ( m-) · '4_046.9
•hectares. (ha) · · .· ., 0.404 69 '

acre-f eet . cubic feet (ftl) 43560' .

gallons (U.S.) ' '325 851
"cubic meters (m") ' 1 233.5

atmospheres . . bars (bar) . . -. •. .· . . 1.01325

. · (standard) centimeters of mercury {cmHg)at 32°F ...
(0°C) .· .·. · · · .· . . ·. ·. ·. ·· .·.· . · .. .. . . 16.Q . '
feet of water (ftH20) at 68°F (20°C) . • 33,96·'
inches of mercury at 32°F (0°C) · . . • · · . · ',· : 29.921 ,'
kilograms-force per square centimeter ·,·.·,
(kgf/cm2) ·•• , · · •·•· .··. .. ·· .• · · .·.· J.033 2 ·
kiloqtams-force per square meter
.. (kgf/m2) .. . • · · · · · . 10.332
. ·kilo pascals (kPa) · . . .' .· 1 OL325 ·
· pouncs-torce per square inch:(lbf/in2) (psi)·· . 14.696
· . tons-torce (short) per square 'toot (tonf/ft2) . ·. 1.0581
tcrrttorr) (= mmHg at O"C) ·, · · 760

barrels (U.S.· gallons· (U~S.) . :· . -. . . ·. · 31.5 <

llquto) . . . · . . · · "cubic meters (rn'') .. ·. ' •. 0.119 24 '
gallons of oil (U.S.) ' ·'·42 •• ' ·
barrels (oil)
 .. · . , . . . . . - -

Convrrsion Factor Data f

I
General Conversi()n Factors (Continued) .
. · · . "lndlcates preferred SI system [units _· . .

To convert from To . Multiply by

I
British thermal
units (Btu) per
second (see
note) ·watts·(W} 1 055
British thermal
units (Btu) .per
minute (see
note) · horsepower (hp} 0.023 58
·watts (W) 17.58
British thermal ·
units (Btu) per
hour (see note) •watts (W) 0.2931
! .. . .
calories British thermal units (Btu) I 0.003 968 3
foot-pounds (fFlb) I . 3.088 .·
•joules (J) . I 4.186 8
i
kilogram-meters (kg· m) ! 0.426 5
watt hours (W·h) .
ii
: . 0.001163
i

Celsius (centi- degrees F-see pages 8• 11 to 8-14 · I

grade) also see temperat~re page a-as . j ·
. '
"centimeters (cm) inches (in) 1 · 0.393 7
I
centimeters of !
I
· mercury (cmHg I
 .- ..
·c·
.
.
· ..
"'i.'

·. I"")· Ingersoll-Dresser
. . .
. .
Pumps .Cameron Hydraulic Data . fei
General· Conversion Factors (Continued).
•indicates preferred SI sy~tem units .
·c--:·· ,
To convert from

cubic centimeters
(cm3)
· I
cubic inches (in3) ·
cubic feet (ft3)
·To Multiply by

0.061 02
0.000 035315
-:~ft ·
~'

...
cubic yards (yd:i) · 0.000 :001 308 .
gallons (U.S.) (U.S. gal) · ·
gallons (trrrpertal) (imp ·gal)
• 1iters (L). ·.• ·
·. 0.000"264 ·2.
0.000:22
·. 0.001· '
C.
. cubic feet (ft:i) cubic centimeters (cm")
"cublc meters (m3)
28 317
0.028 317. fl/l:./
cubic inches (in")
cubic yards (yd3)
1 728
0.037 04 •••
-.·.'
~
f
gallons-U.S. (U.S. gal) 7.4805 ·~·
· gallons-. Imperial (imp gal).· .6.229
••titers (L) · 28.32 .· .: ·J',

•C:
. . . . . .
·.·~~
cubic feet per cubic centimeters per second (cm3/s) ., 47.1.9
· minute (ft3/min) "cubic meters per second (m3/s) . 0.000 471 9 .
cubic meters per hour (m3/h). · 1~699 ·..
liters persecond (Us). · · 0.471 9 .•.
gallons-. ... U.S. per second (U.S. gps) 0.124 7
pounds of water per minute (lbH2()/miti) -.
at 68°F . . 62.32
· ttt.
~-.
cubic feet per • cubic meters per second (m3/s) . 0.028 317.
·c·;
•
'second (ft3/s) · cubic meters per minute (m3/min) 1.699 ..
· ·.·cubic meters per hour (m3/h) , . 101.9 ·
gallons-· U.S. per minute '(Il.S. gal/rnin) · 448.8
gallons-U.S'. per 24 hours(U.S. gpd) (see
· . c·-.,.
 ; '1

Conversion Factor Data

:
!

General Conversion Factors (Continued)

*Indicates preferred SI sysieJ units ....
- .. - !

To convert from To·· Multiply by

cubic yards (yd") cubic centimeters (crn") 764 550

cubic feet (ft3) 27
· cubic inches (in3) 46656
·cubic meters (m3) 0.764 55
gallons-Imperial {imp gal) 168.17
gallon~U.S. (U.S. gal) 201.97
liters {L) 764.55
degrees angular grade {gon) 1.111
radians (rad) 0.017 453
deqrees per . radians per second {rad/s) 0.017 453
second revolutions per minute (r/min) 0.166 67 . !
·(angular) revolutions per second (r/s) 0.002 777 8
i
degrees .· .
(temperature) · (see temperature-page·S-26).

· drams-avoir grains (gr) 27.344

·.•grams (g) -;1.1118·
ou nces (oz)
i
i 0.062 5
dynes "newtons {N) [. 0.000 01
i

ergs •joules {J) 0.000 000 1

fathoms feet (ft) 6
"meters (m) 1.828 8

feet (ft) centimeters (cm) I

!
. 30.480
inches (in) 12
I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps . · -. · Cameron HydraulicData

·General Conversion Factors (Continued)

*Indicates preferr.ed SI system units

To convert from· . I To I -. · Multiply by

feet per second . centimeters per second squared (crn/s-) · ·. 30;480

squared (tt/s~) · -. "rneters per second squared (m/s") 0.304 80

toot-pounds-tores · .British thermal units (Bfu)(see note) · . ·. 0.0.01.285

(ft·lbf) calories. '. · · ', 0:323 8 .
·.horsepower hours (hp· h) · . 0.000 000 505 0
"joules ( J) . · ·. 1:355 8 · . . · .· . ·
kilocalories (kcal) .: 0.000 323 8 ·.
kilogram-force meters (kgf · m) 0 .. 138 25 .
. kilowatt hours ('kW·h) -. · o.ooo ooo 376 6
. . ...

foot candle *lumen per square meter (lux): 10.764

gallons (U.S.) (gal) · . cubic centimeters (crn'') ·. .· 3 785~4

· •cubic meters (rn") · < 0:003 7854.
cubic inches (in"), 231 .. · .
·.cubic feet (ff1) · 0.133 68
·. cubic yards (yd:!) -, . ..•... 0.004 951 5
· pints-liquid (pt) · . 8.
quarts=- liquid. (qt)·· ·4 .
.· gallons-Imperial (imp gal) 0.832 7 .
"Iiters (L) .· · '3.7854 .· .:
pounds of water at 60°F 8.338

· gallons (Imperial) cubic centimeters (cm") . · 4 546.1 .· . .

· · ~cubic meters (rn") · 0.004 5461 . .. '. ;
·~ .. ··
 .
I
i

._Conrersion Factor l)ata .·•·

i
~

·. . .' . . . I . !
General Conversion Factors (Continued)
*Indicates preferred SI syste~ units
I

To convert from · · 1 · To Multiply by

grams (g) grains (gr) . 15.432

ounces-avoir (oz) · 0.035274
pounds-avoir (lb) 0.002204 6

. grams-force (gf) . "newtons (N} . 0.009806 6

grams-force per *newtons per meter (N/m) : .· 98.07

centimeter pounds-force per inch (lbf/in) I . 0.005 600
(gf/cm) . I
i
'
grams per cubic •kilograms per cubic nieter (kg/m3) 0.001
centimeter · .poundspercubic inch (lb/in3): .· · 0.03613
(g/cm:1) pounds. per cubic. foot. (lb/ff') ! ·. 62.427.
.. . !
•grams per liter grains per U.S. gallon(gr/U.S. [gal)·· . . -. · 58.417
(g/L) . parts per million (ppm) by mass weight in
. water . . . .. · .·. .· [ . . .·. . 1 000
pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3) r 0.062 242 7
pounds per 1000.U.S. gallons 8.3544

hectares (ha) acres . 2.471 0

square feet (ft2) .107 639
"square meters (ml!) . 10 000

horsepower (hp) British thermal units per minute (see note)

(Btu)/min) · · 42.43
foot-pounds force per minute (ft· lbf/min) . 33 000
· toot-pounds force per second i(ft ~ lbf/s) . 550
 . A~
.._...._,).
I~.Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps• '. Cameron
. ·~- .. ..,. ·: ..,

: General Conversion Factors (C()ntinlied)

. *Indicates preferred
. ... . ....... .., .

SI system units ·
. ,.,,..,,...
Hydraulic Data
..·-.-)
.

~.

I
--~.....
. .
To . ....i
To convert tram . Multiply by -. )t'·
. .

inches of mercury '. atmospheres (standard) (atm) 0.03342.·

('inHg) at ·ooc · bars (bar) · . . · 0.033 864 . -~·
.

feet .ot .water (ftH20) at 68'i= . 1.135.

...
JI
inches of water (i-nH20) af68°F . . 13]52·
. kilogra111s-1orceper-square centrmeter · .· ~'\
· . (kgf/cr112) ·· . .•· · -. · : · .· · ·· · · . . . . 0.034 532 . . .

kilograms~force per square meter (kgf/m2) ·.. 345;32 · ··· '91'• '
• kilopascals (kPa) · . · -. . . . . .· · 3.386 4 . (... ;
millimeters of mercury (mmHg) . · · .· .' 25'.40 ·
pounds-force per square foot (lbf/ft2) . . · 70.73
pounds-force per square Inch (lbf/in2) (psi) 0.491 2 · ., · . '.
.·-"<
•••
-·t.·
inches of water atmosphere (standard) (atm) · · 0.002454 . . ·~

(inH20) at 68°F · · bars (bar) · · · ·. . · . . · · . . 0.002487 .·. .

.· 0.073 42 .... · ···c.· .
inches 6fmercury (lnHg) at0°C .

,.
kilograms-force per square centimeter.
(kgf /cni2) · · . · · · · · . .· ·. · · -. ro.oifa 535) .· ·.

. *kilopascals (kPa). · · . . . .· ·.· · . . : . . 0;248"7- . •'

ounces-force per square inch (ozf/in2) . · >o.511 o .:

,,
· pounds-force per square foot (lbf/ft2) . 5.193 .
pounds-force per square inch (lbf/in) (psi) . 0.03606 · .

"joules (J) · British thermal units (see note).: 0.000948 4'

. calories (cal) (thermochemical) . 0.239 0 ... ·.·• · . . .. :·· ..
. · toot-pounds-torce (ft· lbf) .: 0.73756 . ·.
.........
.-.
.· watt-hours (W· h) · 0.000 277 78
·~
kelvin (K) · . (see temperature-page 8-26) . . .
 '. . ,: . . . .

Conversion Factor Data '

. l: \.
. . ! !
. . . ' . . !. .
General Conversion Factors (f;ontinued)
•indicates preferred SI syste+ units .

· To convert from To Multiply by

'"kilometers (km) feet (ft) 3 280.8

miles (mi) 0.621 37

kilometers per centimeters per second (cm/s) 27.778

hour (km/h) feet per second (ft/s) 0.911 3
feet permmute (ft/min) 54.68 .
international knots (kn) 0.539 96 .
meters per minute (m/min) 16.667
"meters per second (m/s). . 0.277 78
miles per hour (mph) . 0.621 4
. . . . I
kilometers per centimeters per second squared (cm/s2) · 27.778
hour per second feet per second squared (ft/s2) ! · 0.9113
(km/h·s) "meters per second squared (nVs2) 0.277 78

kilometers per ·miles per minute (mi/min) 37~28

· second (km/s)

. "kilopascals (kPa) dyries per square centimeter (~y/cm2) JO 000 ·

feet of water (ftH20) at 68°F [ . 0.335 1
inches of mercury (inHg) af32~F 0.295.3
inches of water (inH20) at 68°F! · 4~021 ·
kilograms-force per square centimeter
. (kgf/cm2) · . ·• ·· I .. 0.01 O 197
· pascals (Pa) (or newtons per square meter
(N/m2) • . · ! . 1 000
pounds-force per square inch (tbf/in2) (psi) · 0.145 o
kiloponds *newton (N) .. 9.807
 . I~·· lngel'soll·Dresser Pumps : ·.Cameron Hydraulic Data.·

General ·conversion Factors: (Continued}·.·

*Indicates preferred· Sl!)ystt!m units ·

To convert from· I• · To . . I · ·. Multiply by

kilowatt hours· British thermal units (Btu) (see note) . 3413 .

(kW· h) toot-pounds-force (ft· lbf) . 2 655 000
horsepowernoursftrp-tr) · · :· 1.341 0
, · . • joules.(.J) ·
-. kilocalories (kcal)
3.600..QOO ·
.8.60 . ft,
· . klloqrarn-tcrce meters (kgf· m) 367l00
C'
·c-..·
. .
. knots (inter- · ·. •meters per second (m/s) •......• >0.514 4
· national) miles per hour (mph) . 1.151 6

-
; .'· ..•..
··~
•1iters (L) cubic centimeters (cl1l3) . 1000 •.
·•. cubic feet (ft3) · 0.035 315 . ·~·
· cubic inches (in3} ". · 61;024· ', ·.
· cubic meters (m3) · ·. O;OOt' . .
. e-
:: ·-

"----"-~::rar- -~ ~~---=~~~--c{'••
.cublc yards (yd3) .. . . -, 0.001 308 > . ·. :!;· . ~'
gallons U.S. (U.S. gal) •· .•. 0.26418 • ; . ·. . .. ·.·~ ....
·_.gallons Imperial (imp gal) 0.2200· . ·

- - ~l~G~r~rminote-c~ ~.~i~i:~r:c~:ili~if)'lst L \
. . . . · . .· .··. . . gallons (U.SJper sepond (U:s. gal/s). ·... • .. · ·o.004 403 .: · ~ . .: '. ·. ~·
gallons (U.S.) per minute. (U.S. gal/mm) . 0.26416 . "· . 1 '

gallons (Imperial) per rnfo (imp !laVmin) . · _0003 666 :• •. '·:

"lrters per second cubic meters per second (tn3/s) · a.oat '
(Us) .·· .: . · cubic meters per minute (m3/min) 0.06 ·.· ·.· -~' · ....
·.· .
. cubic meters per hour (m3/h) . .'. 3.600 r, . .,,
 ·.·· I .. . --·~- .
. Conversion Factor Data
.l
!
-··Genera.IConversion Factors (¢;ontinued)
i
*Indicates preferred SI syste~ units

To convert from To I. Multiply by

"meters per feet per minute (ft/min) 196.8

second (m/s) feet per second (ft/s) • 3.281
kilometers per hour (km/h) 3.600
o.oso 0
1
kilometers per minute (km/min)j
miles per hour (mph) / 2.237
. miles per minute (mi/min) 0.037 28

"micrometers · *meters (m) 0.000 001

(formerly
microns)

mills (0.001 ·millimeters (mm)· 0.025 4

inches)

miles feet "(ft) '5280

"kilometers (km) 1.609 3
"meters (m) 1 609.3•·
yards (yd) 1760

miles per hour centimeter; persecond(cm/s) 1- - - . .' - - - -44;70-·~ - -c -- - - - - .'

(mph) · · feet per minute (ft/min) i . 88 .

feet per second (ft/s) .1.466 7
international knots (kn) . . 0.869 0
"kilometers per hour (km/h) .1.609 3
"meters per minute (m/min) · 26.82

milligrams per liter parts per million (ppm) ·1.0

. (mg/L)
• · I·~ lnger~oH•Dresser Pumps· • . Cameron HvdraulicData. J .

Genera] co·n-t.ietsion Factors·

. .
(Conlinuifd) :-· -.· ·
. .. .

-. * tn~lcates preferred SI system units

To convert trom ·1 lo· \< Multiply by . ·

· drarns-avoir (dr) · . 16 .
ounces-avoir (oz)
· grains (gr).·· · 437.5
•grams.(g) 28.3495
• kilogr:a111.s-tk·g) 0.028-350
pounds-avoi r (lb) .. 0.062.50
tons (ton) long· · · ·: 0.000 o·2T90
• . *tonnes (t) metric ton · -. 0.000 028 350
· . · ounces-U.S. fluid cubic inches (in3) . 1.804 6 .
*liters (L) · 0.029 57·
. grams-force per square centimeter · · · · .·• · ·
ounces-force per
square inch . · ·
(ozf/in:.!) · ·
(gf/cm2) · · 4.395 >
"pascals (Pa) . . .. . . . 43.1 · · .
pounds-force per square inch (lbf/in2) (psl)..' 0.062 so
partsper million· · · · gr.airis per u.s: gallorH:lt 60°F (gr/U;S. gal)· · 0.058 3
by mass (ppm) .· .· .· grains per imperial gallon at 62°F · ·.
· (gr/imp gal) . . · -: o.oro o . :
grams per cubic meter (g/m3) at.15°C . . ', 0.999. 1
•milligrams per liter (n1g/L) <- : .· . · .·. : : 1.0 .:
pounds per million U.S. gallons at 60°F · . ..', 8~328 .·
·pascals (Pa) . . . bars (bar) . . . . · .. . . . . .·.. . . .: 0.000 01 ·
· dynes per square centimeters.(dyn/cm2f · · · 10.0
· . · grams.;force per square.centlmeter :'. .; ··. · · ·
. (gf/cm2) • . · ·• . ... ·.·. ·.··.. • . · . 0.010 197
· .. kilograms-force per square centimeter
(kg/cm~) .· . . · · .· . .. 0.000 01 O 19'7
•.
~.·
.......
. . ·.· ·. .
. Conversion

.
. I ···.

·.
.
I

j .
Factor
.
.

.
Data
.

••~~• : General Conversion Factors (Continued)··

.I
~:.I
To convert from

pounds per foot

•indicates
.
preferred
.
SI system

To

·kilograms per meter (kg/m)

!
units ·

Multiply by

1.488 2
(lb/ft)

··:
~')

-'
pounds per square •kilograms per square meterJ(kg/m2) 4.882 4
foot (lb/ft2) !

pounds-mass of cubic centimeters (cm3) 454.00

.....
~ water at 60°F cubic feet (ft3) 0.016 03
cubic inches (in3) 27.70
gallons (U.S.) (U.S. gal) 0.119 93
liters (L) · 0.453 98

pounds of water cubic centimeters per second (cm3/s) 7.566 7

per minute at cubic feet per second (ft3/s) (cfs) . 0.000 267 5
60°F "cubic meters per minute (m3/min) 0.000453 98
"kiloqrarns per secon_d (kg/s) . 0.007 559 9

pounds per cubic grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) 0.016 018
foot (lb/ft3) •kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) 16.018.
pounds per cubic inch (lblin~) 0.000 578 7
i

pounds per cubic grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) 27.68

. inch (lb/in3) •kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) 27 680
-. pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3) . I
1 728

pounds-force per grams-force per centimeter (gf/cm) 14.882.

foot (lbf/ft) ·kilograms-force per meter (kgf/m) . 1.488 2
"newtons per meter (N/m) · ( 14.594
· 1 ~ lng~rsoH·DresserPun1ps . Ca~eron Hydraulic Data
· --·- General Conversion Factors (Continued) .
*Indicates preferred SI system units

. To convert from I· 1 · Multiply by .·.

radians per degrees per second (els) angular 57.296 .

second (rad/s) revolutions per minute (rimin) · 9.549

revolutirms-per degr:ees-;:per~:cond 6
. minute (r/min) radians . .p.er second (fadls) · 0.. 01412

square centi- · square inches (in") . 0.1550

meters (cm:!).·

square feet(fF) ····.·acres 0.000 022 956

·.... "square meters (m'') . 0.092 903 .

·square. inches (in:!)····• square centimeters (cm::).·.· . 6.4.51-6

square kilometers acres 247.10

(km:i) . · square miles · 0.386 10 .

"square meters .. · acres . ·. · .· ·. 0.000 247 10

(m:!) . -square feet (ft2) · 10.764

square miles ·acres· . 640 .:

square kilometers (km:!V · · 2.·590
. . .

square yards (yd:!) . . 0.000 206 61 .

-··
acres .·. . .. · .' ...
"square meters (rn") .- .: . .. 0.836 13

. standard cubic . cubic meters per hour' (m=1/h) at standard . . .

f•:.
::_ • c_···o_n_.· v_e_ r_s_io_n_F_ac_.t_o_r_D_a_t_a
1

•
. .· . . .. . . . . . · ... I
t
.. . ·I I

~: General .Conversion Factors (Continued)

._.· *Indicates preferred SI system ~nits
~ . . I

To convert from To Multiply by

"tonnes-metrtctcn "kilograms (kg) 1000.

pounds (lb) 2 204.6

tons-short *kilograms (kg) 907.18 i :

!
!:
pounds-avoir (lb) 2000
tons-long 0.892 86
. tonnes (metric ton) (t) 0.907 2 I .

tons (short) of cubic feet per hour (ft3/h) . 1

1.338
water per 24 cubic meters per hour (m3/h) ! 0.037 89
hours (at 60°F) gallons (U.S.) (U.S. gal/min) I . · 0.166 8
.pounds of water per hour (lbH20/h) at 60°F 83.333

tons of refrigera- · British thermal units (Btu) (see note) per

tion hour . · . ! 12 000
British thermal units (Btu) (see note) per
24 hours · ·j 288 000

*watts (W) British thermal units (Btu) per minute

. (Btu/min) -. . . .1 . 0.056 91
foot-pourids-force per second (ft r lbf/s) 0.737 56
toot-pounds-torce per minute (ft·!lbf/min) 44.254
horsepower (hp). I' 0.001 341 0
joules per second ( J/s) 1.0
kilocalories
'
per
'
minute (kcal/min)
. .· !
0;014 340

watt-hours (W · h) British thermal units (Btu). .. ,

3A13
toot-pcunds-tcrce (ft· lbf) 1'
2655
horsepower hours (hp· h) i ..
0.001341 0
· 1 l- lngersoll·D~s~er Puntps Cameron Hydraulic Data
--~----
Metric Fiovv Formulas --· .
_. ,;. __ ' --·- -· .

1,273,240 Q ' 21.22 q .·

Velocity: V = · ~. = ;~2- = a2. = a2
. . . . . . v2 . = 0.082 66 Q2 ' - ' 22.958 q2• '
velocity head: h, = g = 0.050 99 V2 .. D4 d.;
' 2 c
' '

0.102:kPa. · lO~B
head:.H= -~-~- - . sp:gr·
spgr
Q(kPa) · _q(kPa) · . Qh (H) sq·gr
power required: P = = = . · 367 x (eff) . · .'
eff'. ·.·. 60,000 x (~ft)
.
= . q{H) sp gr
•'.

_ q(B)
·. - 600(eftl .· . s11s<ero

Reynolds R =' =· 1000 va 1,21a,24o·Q . .: . · · 21;221. q ·

' . no.:' VD
v .k . """ Dk ·. . - . · dk. .
. :' ·.· .... : .·. ,·· ...

0.082 66 fLQ2 . 22,965 fLq2

.· D~cY friction formula: Hr: . ~~ . D:; = ' as

e~t ].'.:.
Hazen & Williams friction fornlula:. ·.'

Hr= o.002 126 i( l~O)'" ~::., . · = 1214.6 L •

·Symbols . . . . . . . .· ·. ·.
To be used ·orily with form was above on this page .·
·A ·cross sectional area of pipe- m2• . ·
. B . = · pressurec--· bars = 100 kPa . . · -, · . . . . . . -. . .· .
 . I
l

t
I I
\
I

,,
SECTION 10 -
.

- INDEX ii--

l
11.
•
I -
/
'

. '

A
..
. '
' ·.

·.

~
( 1.
... i

i
I
 I~ Ingersoll-Dresser
. . . -.

Pumps
.

Cameron Hydraulic Dat~ · · ·1 ·~· .• )

.A
Page ~ifl!
... \

(1
·!-,,~
Absolute (dynamic) viscosity~conversiontables .. '. . . . . . . . . . . 4-25 to 4-28
Absolute {dynamicl.viscosityto SSU (SayboltSeconds .
Universal)-eonversiontables .. ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25 to 4-28
Acce!erationiiead-·reciprocating pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1~18 ·
Acfds-c-pump-fttttngafor ; .. -~ , • , . . . . . . . . 8-22 .. e.
~ .. ,,·.

-sp gr and viscosity of . '· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 4-37 .

t
. '
Affinity laws ; ~ . . . . . . 1-30
Altitudes, barometric readings and atmospheric pressure . . ·. . . . . .· ~4 . · · -
API to specify gravity conversion tables . . . . ", . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. · 4-6 ... ·

·c,
Aqueous solutions-specific gravity ... ~ .. , .. , . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Areas of circle; of
plane and solid Iigures=-formulas . , - 9:.4 ·
~:
· Atmospheric pres_sures altitudes and barometric reading . '. · .· · s.;4
. Automobile crankcase oils=-viscosity of ..•..... - ......•. ~ · 4-28
·.~

B.
· £·.·
· · - Ballings-tableof degrees Hor sugar solutions) •. . . . . · 4-13 ·.·. . . ·. '
.· ·'

'.
Barometers, mercurial-corrections for
Barometric readings, atmospheric pressures and altitude
: ~ . . .
. . .
. .
. .
.
.
.
. . . 8-4
. 8-7
.·f'.
Barrels -ecapacity of, for variousliquids ._, , .. ~
B~ume to specific gravity conversion tables
•. . . . . . .
;
. .
..
.
r,
., 2.:4, 2.,s .·
4-12 . C~':
Boiler, feeding requirements . . . . . . ~ . . . . ; . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .· 5-42 ~-
Boiling poirit o(various liquids . . . . . . ; ~ . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . , . . . · . 4-37
 Index
. .. .. I j f
_*General.Index (A to Z)-(Continued) . I
I
;

C Page
Check values-friction losses in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-114
Chemical liquids- pump fittings for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
- sp gr and viscosity .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-37
Circles-areas of-formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Colebrook friction factor equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Conductors-electric-properties of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Contractions in pipe-losses due to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-117, 3-118
Conversion of units "'-English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
-general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14 to 9-27
-metric·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . · 9-5
Conversion tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · 9-14 to 9-27
Copper tubing=-friction losses through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
=-weights and dimensions of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10 ··,
Copper wire=-data on _. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Curves-pump characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -, . . 1-29 .
. . =-system _ ; '. .. , . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
Cylinders=-volume of in gallons i . . . . . ... ... .. . 8-1

D
Darcy-Weisback Friction formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -'. 3-3
Decimal equivalents of fractions . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Density of sugar solutions . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Density of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Differential gages, use of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Dilatant Liquid ; .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-:16
 . . . . . . . .

·1 ~-
'

Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps· . Cameron Hydraulic Data.·

.*General Index(~ to Z)-(Continued)
E Page · ·
Exit losses for pipe .......•. ~-· ~ >. : . . . . . . . · 3-116
Equivalents of=-flow ; .. .. · •· · · 2-6. 2~7
· -: Head and pressur_e . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~- . . . . . . . 2-5
-volume and weight equivalents /. . . .2-4
Equivalents of weights and measures of water .. , , ., . . 2-4

Fahrenheit~o Celsius conversion table ·; · -. 9-11to9-13

Fanningformula ; .. ,. ....'. ; .. ·, ·. 3-3
Fittings, cast iron-c-dimensions . ·· · ~- ~ 7·5 to 7'.'.8
·-weights · .: · · .. ~:· . -: . 7-3to 7-s·
Fittings, steel-dimensions ·: . , .. · ~ ~ 7-13, 7-i4 · ·
Fittings for pumps handling various liquids · ·. . . . . . 8-22
Flanges, pipe=-data on=-iron : ~ ~- ~ . ;. 7-3 to7-7 .
steel . : .........•.........
= : . .. . . 1.:8 to 7-15 .: ·
=-ratings .. ; .· ~ ; .. '. ~ · 7-16 t67-22
Flow formulas =metric : : : ..• < · ·. 9-28
Flow over weirs ; • ; ': · ·2-10, 2-11 · .· ·.
Flow units conversion tables -~ ................•...... : . ~< .. . . 2~6, 2-7
Flow through orifices and nozzles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·. . · . . . . . . · 2-8, 2-9
Fractions-vdecimalequivalents of 8-3 ~ . '.
Francis formula for flow over rectangular weirs .•. , ~ . .'. .. : · ~ . . 2-10
~-- . Friction factor vs~yiioicfs }fo~ cu-rves-. - -. -~ : .- .-~ -. · - .· ': .. · - . - -a~f1 _c. -· ·- ·- -

. Friction head Ioss=-sample calculation : .' ; : 3-9

,..,
l
i

.· Index

~·,'··.:·. ·
. '
~ ·......
*General ln,dex (A to Z)-,,(Contlnued) .

.,.. -,:, ·
!
Page
I
H
~-
·-•·. ·\ Hardness scales- metals
.
-mmerals .·
. i
l · .
8-15
4-51
··- .: Hazen and Williams friction formula . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
•\ Head on pump-discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 I
.._)
.,., -suction................... . . 1-7
I::
.:·~.;,.!
. -system : ·. . . . . . . · .. · ·· 1-9 I , '

i .
Head measurement with gages ~ ·. . . 8-16 I j i
Head (pressure) equivalents . . . . . . . . . . .. ·. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . 2-5 I ! i

Horsepower of a pump ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27 :11

Hydraulics (Section 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 . ~ i I

.~.: ,
I :

Hydrocarbons- specific gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 ! ;I

.l.
~, l

-vapor pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ~ . . . . 4-20 . ! .

•:) -viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . 4~37 i

.
. 'I
•··:; Hydrocarbon liquids-NPSH corrections ' . 1•16 .
el~· · Hygrometric chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 5.;40
,.·
-)
••r:. I

···i . .
•:\

• _;. ~
Impeller specific speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19, 1-47
Inch-decimal and millimeter equivalents
)ntake design-for pumps :
.
.
8-3 .
1-22
w:.~: .· . Irrigation table-. -. -.-.. - .. -.. ~ ~ -~~--:~ .-.:·-.---.~ ~--: .-. ~ ~ .-. -.---: ~ .-~--. ~-: ~---;--2.:i2- - - -- ~ - .
i:I
~-·~
 . . .
.· . . . .. . .

-. I J lngersoll·Dresser Pulnps Ca~efon Hydraulic Data

. . . .

. *Gene.raUndex (A to Z)~(.Continued.).
·.M Page . _
Measures - English •. . . . . . . 9-4
· =-equivalents of water : ; .. -~ . . . . . . . . . . . . · 2-4
-of flow ; . . . . . . . 2-6, 2-7
-of head and pressure : . . . . . . . . . 2-5
-.metric . . . . . . . . . . . . : . ._ . . . . . . < . . . . . ·. . . . . ··. . . -~ .- 9-5
Mercurial barometers, corrections-for ~ : : . ", g;;7
Merctrrygages-e-meastrremerrt ofhead with .. : · . . 8'-18
. Metals used in pumpsto handle various liquids : ·. .• . . · . 8~22
Mercury-specific weight · -~ ~ ·:· -~ : , '. . 8~16
. Metric conversion tables : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ : 9-6 -. ·
Metric flow formulas ·, · ; : 9-28
Millimeter equivalents of fractions of an inch ; . ; · .. 8-3·
Miners inch-equivalellts for ...................•...... ; , . ., . . 2-6
Miscellaneous data. (Section VIII) ..• : · ..-~ ; ; . . . : . . 8~2 .
Mollier diagram for Steam . . . . . . . . .. • . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5.
Moody friction factor chart . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . •. . . . : · · ·a-11
Motors, electric-efficiencies of : ; : : .. : . 8-5
· · - characteristics . . : . . ~ . . . . .• . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . 6-6
dimensions
= 6-18 to 6-28
=-torque of : . . . . . 6-4
-: wiring for . . . . . •. . . , . , . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6'.'9 .: · · · .
: Motor oils, sp gr .and viscosity of ; : .· . ·4_37
. Motor speed chart . ~ : · ..........•.. · '. 6-16, 6-17 .
Multiple pumps=-Intakes for .. ; . > , :......... 1-23
 . I

Index· t .'
1'
. . . . l .
*General Index (A to Z)-(Continued)
P . · [ Page
Paper pulp stock-friction of in pipe and fittings' . . . . . . . . . 3-88 to 3-103
. -weights and volumes of .... [. . . . . . . . . 3-103 to 3-110
I . .

Parallel operation of pumps : ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32

Petroleum oils -friction of in pipes . . . . . . . .. l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-48
-sp gr and temperature relations !of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
=-viscositvand
•
temperaturerelatfons
. • I
of . . . . . . . . . 4;.31
--volume .and temperature relations of . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36
Pipe, cast iron flanged-weight of l.. ............ 7-5
Pipe-entrance losses for ' .. · .. : ~ . . . . . . . . 1-19 and 3-116
Pipe fittings-dimensions I. . . . . . . . . . -,
. I .
7-5 to 7-8
~friction losses in . . . . . . . . . . . . l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11O
-weights of .! . : ~ , • • • • . • 7-3, to 7-4
Pipe flanges-data on '. ). . . . . . . . . . . 7-8 to 7-22 ''·
Pipe-friction of oil and other liquids !. . . • • • • • • • • • • • • . 3-48
. -friction of paper pulp stock in ~ I ·. . 3".88
-friction of steam. in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i~ . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 5~33
· . · ·.....,..friction of water (other liquids of sameviscosity] in . . . . . . . - 3-12
Pipe, steel-weights and dimensions > ..... : '. . !. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7~8
. Plastic pipe-friction in ; : . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
· ·. Plungers-displacement · !. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Pressure conversion factors t and head ) . . . ; .. i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; - · · 2-5
Properties of water , ! , . . . · . 4'."4
Psychrometric chart . . . . . .. ·. . . . . : . . . . . . . . J. . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ . . · 5-40
Pump characteristic curves · ~ !. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29 .·
.......... f&WMWWMW~_;·
· I) lngersOll·Dresser Pu1nps .· Cameron Hydraulic Data . · ! ·. C:J
·.-:~
*General Index (A toZ)-(Continued) · --~··
.S .Page
Series operation of pumps · , . ; : ' . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.;32 I .::. .
.:· ~
Side intakes for dry pit punips '. : ~ . , ·. 1-25 · I . . _,
Slurry information ~· .. ·: . · 4.;50 -! . f't.'-'
. Slurry-head.corrections-e-Pipe Friction Loss . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sodium chloride-properties of . . .'. . ;· . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-55
4-1 O .! ·-=·
:a
Specific gravity to API conversion tables ; ; -. · 4-6 ·I. I . --::
Specific gravityto Baume conversion tables . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .· 4-12 ·
Specific gravity of=-hydrocarbons : : . ; : . . " · •· 4~15 . '.

...
· -miscellaneous liquids . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16,4•37 .·
-aqueous solutions .. : .. • ·; ; ; . ·. ; : · .. · . ·. · 4-17
• . I .•

-refrigerant liquids : ; .. · ·. 4~18 . ft.,

·. Specific gravity and temperature relations pf petroleum oils .· .· ..~
Specific gravity of various liquids : .... ; .. ; . '. ... ·.. : .. : . ~ . . .
: . . . 4~14 .
. 4-37
·.: ,_:
..... ··~·
..

> ·
.· ·

Specific gravity of water : . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . ·• ; . ,. . ~ >·. : . ·. . 4..4

;·t . ·
·."~·1..,:

>';
·Specific speed=-charts , , : .. : . ; '. ·~·.;. 1-49to1-52
· · =-irripellers . : ·. ; ; .. ; : : ... 0. . · 1-19, 1-20, 1-21and1;;47· · ·

'c
-pumps .. '. •; : . : ·; : •. · .. .<. . . · · i·21.
· . . . . · . · ·. ~suction . . . ·: . . . . . , · , . . . ; ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . ·. . · 1-20 . •· · · ·: .· .jl.
Specific weight of water < · . : .. ·. > .. : : , ·. · 4-4 ·
· SSU (Saybolt seconds universal) conversion .. ': .. : · '. ; . ; . > . · . 4~25 ·

I
Static head _;definition <. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . · 1-7
·Static suction head-definition ~· .-'.: .. • .": · .': · 1~7 ·i.· ··':
Static suction lift~deffuition .. , .' ·. · •. ,. . .•• . · · 1~8 . ,!:
I
 Index
. . .· I .
'*General Index (A to Z)-(C°:ntinued)
i Page
s
Submergence , : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21
Suction head and suction lift . . . ., . . . . . . . . . J • • . • • . . . • • • • . • • 1- 7
Suction limitations of pumps, , ; . . I
. 1-20, 1-21, 1-49 to 1-52
Sugar solutions-dens_i~ of j . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
-specific g1av1ty of 1 . • • • • • • . • • • • • . . 4-13
· -table of degrees Brix l.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . :4-13
- viscosity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! . . .. .~......... 4-34 -.
System curves-for pump operation ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
'

T
Tanks-capacities . '
. 8-12
.·"-partially full-capacity
. .
i•••••••••••••
I .
: ••. 8-11
Temperature conversiontables ·[ · . . . . . .. . . 9-11to9-13
Tumperature-effects on petroleum '. . ; .. : : ·. 4-36
Temperature rise in a pump '· . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 1-28
'Iests=-reading of.gages '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
Thixotropic Liquid i. . . . . . . . .... .... 1-5
Thompson formula for flow over triangular weirs . . . . . . . .· . . . . . . · 2-11
'lbrque-formula for i ; 1-46, 6-4
'lbtal discharge head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. i. . ; . . . . . . . . ·. .... 1-8
'lbtal head : 1-9
1•

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

'lbtal suction life-definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1- 7

'lbtal system h~d .· . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
I~-•119~1'50H·Dresser Pumps . ·.· CaffieronHydraulicData
*General Index (A to Z)-(Coritinued)

. Page

v
Velocity of.flow.in.pipe-c-formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-6
Ver.ticaLpiunps-measur.ement.oLhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
Vertical wetpit pumps=-intake design , : . : .. < .......•. ·. ·,.; . : ·' 1-2~
Viscosity=-general information .. · : •· .. •. ; • · 4-23 ·
Viscosity of water : : •. . . . . . . . 4.;4
Viscosity conversions ; ; . . . . 4-25 to 4~28
Viscosity of~ crankcase oils . . . . . , .• . . . . . . ., . : . . . . , . . . . . . ·•• . ~ . . · 4-28
=-turbine oils . ; , : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

-~~~:!8wri ~ii~ ' :. : : : : :. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :>: : :·: . :::~

. -'-,-miscellaneous liquids ; . . . ; . . . : . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 4-32, 4-37
· · =-refrigerant liquids ·' . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . : . , ·. .. . . . . . : . 4-33 .
' =-sucrose solutions ~ . . . . ... . 4-34 ' '
Viscosity blending chart . . : . : . . . . . . 4-35 ·•
Viscous liquids-s- pump performance with . . . , . . . . ·• . . ; . . ·; . ; . . . . 4•45
Volume equivalents ., • .. ·:· • · .. · · . ·. . . . 2'.'.4 . ·. .
Volume oftanks , ~· ....•. . : . . . . . ~~i1,,8-:i2 .•·. · .

w
 Index
I.
I
.· . . . · i .
INDEX OF LIQUIJ)S.
Key Liquid Information Page No .. s
1 Boiling points 4-37 to 4-46
2 Specific gravities 4-6rto 4~19 and 4-37 to 4-46
3 Vapor pressures II 4-19 to 4-23
4 Viscosities 4-23!to 4-35 and 4-37 to 4-46
* Pump constr uctionmaterials · 8-22 to 8-28

Acetaldehyde-1, 2, 4, * . Blood-:*
Acetate solvents-* Boiler f~edwater-*
I

Acetic acid-1, 2, 4, * Bone oil-2, 4

Acetic anhydride-* Boric acid-· 2 .
Acetone-1, 2, 3, 4, * · Brine solutiona=- 2, 4, *
Acids-* Brine, sea water-2, 4, *
Alcohol, allyl-· 1, 2, 4, * · Bromin~-·. 1, 2, 4
Alcohol, butyl-1, 2, 4, * · Butarie- 1, 2, 4, *
1

· · Alcohol, ethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, *
Alcohol, methyl-1, 2, 3, 4, * Calcium bisulfite-· *
Alcohol, propyl-1, 2, 4, * Calciurri chloride-s-a-B, 2, 4, *
Alum-s-" · · Calciurri chlorate-*
Aluminum sulphate-c-z, 4, * · Calci uni hypochlorite- *
Ammonia, aqua-1, 2, 3, 4, * Calcium mag chloride-. *
Ammonium bicarbonate-* Cane. juice-*
I .
.Ammonium chloride-* Carbolic acid-. 1, 2, 4 .
Ammonium nitrate-· * Carboni bisulfide-· 1~ 2, 3, 4, *
 I' Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps, .·Cameron. Hydraulic Data··

.
INDEX OF LIQUins--~---
. . ·. ·. .
.. =: ~-----
.
c ·

Key· Liquid Information · · P~geNo.s

-. 1 .· Boiling points 4-3 7 to 4~46 .'
2 Specific gravities 4-6 to 4.-19 and 4-3 7 to 4-46
3 Vapor pressures 4-19 to 4-23
4 Viscosities. 4-.23 to 4;..35 and 4~37 to 4-46
* Pump constructionmaterials ·. 8-22 to 8-28 ·

Copper am acetate-* · .· .: Freon=-z. 3, 4

· Copper chloride-* . Fruit juices-·. "'
Copper nitrate-s- * ·._ ": Fuel oils-·2, 4
Copper sulfate-s-" Furfural-1, 2, 4, *.
Corn oil-2, 4 _
Corn starch sol-..2, 4 G~s bils-_· - 2, 4
Cotton seed oil-2, · 4 Gasoline-·2, 3, 4~· * -:
. Creosote-· 2, 4, * .· Glaubers salt-· *·
Cresol, meta-· * - Glucose-2, 4, *
'·.··

Crude oil-2, 4, * Glue-*·

Cyanide-* _ Glue sizing-* .
Cyanogen-* - Glycerine-- i, 2, 4, *
. . . Green liquor:--*._
Decane-·· l, 2, 3, 4
Diethylene glycol-.2, 4 ·_ ·-.: .· - Heavy water-2 -. · · -
Diethyl ether-_ 1~ 2, 4 · Heptane-._· 1/2; ~, 4, * . ·.
.·;;i::~·-
, ... :.,.
; '·
Index·

.
.~1·.. ....:
~:...
. : .
Lead acetate-*
Lead, molten-* Perhvdrol-*
j

Pentane-+2, 3, 4 ·

·~:..-.
.-J·· .
~-,
. . Lime water-* Pero;ode pf hydrogen-*
Linseed oil-2, 4 Petrolatum=-B, 4

•·.
, Liquor, pulp mill-* Petrolemrt ether-. 2, 4, *
.
..
r~.

Lithium chloride-* 'Petroleum oils-4, *

.... '.- -.
' Lye caustic-* Phenol-l, 2, 3, 4, *
.
Pink liquor-*
&;.-.,_
Magnesium chloride-* Photo developer-i- *
I .
Magnesium sulfate-* Plating sohrtions-e-"
Manganese chloride-.* Potash-·~
Manganese-sulfate-* . Potash aihm-*
Mash-. * Pot~ssiuri1bichromate-*
Menhadden oil-2, 4 Potassium carbonate-.*
· . Mercuric chloride-* Potassium chlorate-s-"
Mercuric sulfate-.* Potassium chloride-s-"
Mercurous sulfate-*. · Potassium cyanide-* .
Mercury-1, 2, 4, 7-26 Potassium hydroxide-.*
Methyl acetate-1, 2, 4 . Potassium· nitrate-·*
Methyl chloride-2, 3, 4, * . . Potassium sulfate-*·,
Methyl iodide-1, 2, 4 · Propane-2, 3, *
· Methylene chloride-* Propionic acid- I, 2, 4
Milk-· 2, 4, * Propylene=-S
Milk of lime-* Propylene glycol-2, 4
Mine water-* Pyridine-s-" ·
Miscella-*
Molasses-2, 4, * Quenching oil-2, 4, *
 I ~ lngers-.ll-lheSser
-~-~-----~----____;,;.-__;,__;.·
.:.------ '. ·.-~- --- "'INDEX
Pumps ·. Cameron Hydraulic Data

oF L1Qu1ns
.· : '
PU;-
' . we~'-:'.,
· .. ,'
Key Liquid· Information·
·. . · . · . 4-37to
Page No.s
4-46
·To~ ' ..
.Pumt!
1 . Boiling points · We're ·
2 · · Specific gravities . 4-6to 4~19 andA-37 to 4-46 •
3 Vapor pressures . 4-19 to 4-23 . ~·
man~
4 Viscosities 4-23 to
4-35 and 4-37 to 4-46
. br.oa~
* . ·. Pump construction.materials ·. · 8~22 to 8-28 · arts· ..
p ~i41
the·~-
. . .· . . •. . '

._ . . -.•Toluene-: 1, 2, 3, 4, * .
100-
-. Sodium chlorate->- * . .
·· · Trichloroethylene-* ·. .·tech~
. Sodium c~loride-4-9, 2, · ( * .·
diffi~'

.•
anY'1t
. Sodium cyanide-* Triethylene glycol-s- 2,· 4 _· ·.
Sodium hydroxide-2, 4, * . Turbine oils-·4 ·
Sodiun1 .hydrosulfite-c- . * · Turpentine-e- 1, 2, 3, ·4, * . · ..

. Sodium. hypochlorite-c-". . . . This.-.•.:

. .: Urine-. • * .

- .· - - - .' - -?.~l
Sodium hyposulfite-* · .: .: ·mat~
Sodium meta silicate-·* ·. . .' . . · . '. .· . .mak~
. Sodium nitrate-* . . . Varnish-_2, 4 ~.-. . . .
- - :- ·~ s;diu~ -phcisphate-~* ~- -~ ~---~"--~~--v-eget'able~juice;:;_·*-: -~
·. · Sodium plumbite-c- " · ·. · · · ·. · · · · ·. Vinegar-··*. .: . · · • ·.
· Sodium sulfate-*. . . . · Vittjol-* . ·•· · tech
Sodium sulfide-.* · ' ·,

Sodium sulfite-* Wgter, 4~3, 3

_· Sodium thiosulfate=- * · .· water. 'boiler feed-·*
Soya bean oil-«. 2, 4; * · · · ·. ..' ' . Water. mak~ up~* ·
,

·-•·~-ta,: I

Pump Selection· Guide

•·•~·-i,r
•.
·-\ i

e<I
:
.We Want You
To Know Us Better!
We 're Ingersoll- Dresser
·-· r .
• . j
Pump Company and we
manufacture and market the

··-, broadest range of pumps,

·- i

•..
•··)
:.
parts and related services in
the world. We bring over .
•<:
•.•••
100 years of experience and ·
technology to the most
··- ..:i
:
difficult pumping situations
anywhere in the world. ·

···-) )
~3
.)
This Pump Selection Guide ·
matches the products we
•'·)
make with a sampling of the
e"~
w·. :,_ major markets . we- serve, to

·-e<w·\~.'..
- - - - -· ·- " ' ·- - - - - ·- .
give you a better idea of our
;•

capabilities. If you need· . .

technical, engineering or sales ·
assistance please call your . . .

·:···:1
ef)
local Ingersoll-Dresser Pump
representative.
 ..'·". '
.. <

·Pump S.election•.Gulde•
. ~~
-'
. ~

~~.

-----------'Ji~
.
Category
~'-YP_e_
-.
· . (1J.'.@. H.JIJl.I)·[·{··. Close:..Coupled _...
·. Frame-Mounted ·. .· · ,-~
. Double- Suction Axia:ll y Split·· ·· =c.:
Regenerative Turbine
. . f .. ,
A
__ sM....,._E·1.AN_s"'-1-·
ISO/DIN __ -....,......-----'---....,.--.--.
·~·.· . · --. ,·

·i
. · . Paper Stock/Cheillical · . L.
_AP...._I--'-.-,-.....,.....,.---------·
·~·.

• ·•.• .·
. ·~.:...
~... · ~-1~-~-=e.Pd_.lit•,•.B•e•t~_·e_e•n•B•e•a•ri•n•gs
•. ·.
. ASME/ANSI Magnetic Drive. . . .. .,

~ . ..
. · Horizontal-Mounted
Vertical-Mounted
--
DIN/ISO Magpetic Drive
APl Magnetic Drive •
......_....
··
·
-~ . ·
.•
'.;.·~
l'
.
9.
p:;
.. ·

:C
Vertical Wet Pit · · ·· ··
Horizontal · .
Turti~
!lllilli•T•w•o•"'.st.a.ge•.
·· · ---------··-•p'
'•

Segmental Ring •
Axially Split · .• f..
,,
=·,_,

---
,•
~"\
~-·

,
.. ~-,,,.,... ..... ..................
_--'-_ -----l-+---1----1
~ ~

·----l---1--1--1----1
··. .,-a·,.._.... _.. .......... _
---\'---'---~.-----i--1-----0-

·~·
· -- ._/ I
• '-'-----ii---+--+--
•::__..:! __

J
-
•-,-'-----+----'
,,•

•~l~~-T--l-+-+-+-~~
·~,.......;·.·'----+---1---+--+-- >----+---+----+---+--:--I
··"\9:__
' lljlmlllj__.. ......
"'·I
.'.'-:-----+--+--+--I--+--

··..·1.
•.:~'I _~4--1--1----4_
' .I I

~----it--it--it--it--~
. ~.-----+-+---+--+---+----,
.
•.' ~' i .
• :~;::!]1-----
J I
___ :-p-
' --- ·--
- ump- Se.lection Guide
• - ••• --~,•·•~ -•.-- --- ·:·• '': • , , • •. • ', • • .., I '. ·- -•:
___
·~

'--..
I

-_ -~

- Category Type - - ,.- ,

- -'l!fi•Jiil,t'Jlll;.~!(P.f'-·Jllll'1~P(Jil
.• •r_-. ·~cr~1~o~s_e~--~C~o_u;:-.:_p~l~e_d:r_·--.,. . ::::::~:::::::~-
-·_,-·_ '.-fi -/!_
l-

· - ·- - Fraine- Mounted ·
- Double-Suction Axiallv-Split -'e
_ . j~ ~~~ _ Regenerative Turhine .....

· MIJHwtum. AsME1ANs1
_-ISO/DIN -
·~--~- ~--

Paper Stock/v.nemical - - _ ....

APl - -
• Radially. Split, Between Bearings ·_ .t_ '- _-_-_
High-Speed · '
_ - _A_S~_f_E_/ A_N~S_I_M_agn_....··'--e-'--,t_ic.,;...,_D_n_·v_e_-
-----'---_
_ •--
DPIN1 /MISO Magn0etic Drive - - -·~--
:·A
111H!il!!_
-_ agnetic rive . - .&
. . Dfllrj~ff~·"d·.~all.Jll;tPl!j~-1!-ll,m··lllr'_l!!!I._. ..or..iz•o•.ni!ta1111•-Mlll-
•ou •_:_Ill!_ -l!D!ll!Bl!l!-lll
.._ nmt111e1111d•- .-.!~ -_II!!_.

· Vertical-Mounted_-_-• - :•-_- - :_-- _- - - ,

_\ - r:

Vertical Wet Pit ·-_ - _ -•- - -•

P+&
. . '

- Horizontal · -. · • - ,
_ =ViTe.. .:. rt:;. ;. ic.;_5a.~---,------'-----'--"---'------"---_
;_l :_-•f-
··- _ - -~-

- wo- tage - .: - -
- Segmental Ring _
- _ Axially Split _ -_ - - t. ,
•I•••.
·:·,
,,

•
~
·~-----~_,..-t--.,......_,.-
•. _:.l __ -+--r--r--r---t-----r--
•.. .L--r-- I

~: J

• <.-l-1 --t----t--r--r-r---r--
.
• ,-~-11------i----i----il--t--t--r--
. _.}··.· I
. i

•.. -' :, 1-"----+-+--

i

.....) ~~-+..-.-.~~-..·--lliii
·~,-~·1-~. . . . . ~. . . . . .--
.;-'"·I ....,--__;__--+--t---t--t--+--r-+--1

•,;)i
1

•. _
~~l....!-~~-+--;~i--t-;--;--i----1
• :;:·_!..:-·---+--+--+--t--+--+--+--1
'.:',•] .,... _
·~·;~--............
··'. . ..;._I --'---+--r---+""'."""""""'1-+--+--+-i
.. :.1

•<-'-1--
·~i
 Pump . . Seledio~. Guide ... ·.

'
.
·.-...~·~.
__
-~~
, __

. ·.· ~·.

Category ' . . .

Regenerative 'Iurbine. ·
. IJfflti·@J,(.9.g.ug;•.• ASME/ANSI
..•. :-:--tS-0=/D;....,...Il\.;;;;...._
J~
t:· ;. . ,. .--'----'--~__,,_.;..~-......;.__.~--·
· ~1°r Stock/Chemical · · :.:.:

Radially Split, Between Bearings · · ·.• .: .··. ~~:

High-Speed · . ·. 'j •

.. · Hori.zontal-Mount~cl ·. . · .· · \~
'. ·..· Vertical- ~lounted .
. .Vertical W~t Pit ·
Water Resources ·
J
"
~lurryI Abrasive
'

Horizontal . •· · ... · ·
.-.·'. -Vi_e:rti-·.·c:al:·
·::
. :·
· ::::::::::::::::•
. -·
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Pulp & Paper -

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Chile l!~d Per~ ·. .· .· Algeria _·.

Horth ;Jbner-ica~Sflle~
:Locations · · - Santiago -. ·.· . Algiers .

·-:·
. Tel: 2.236;1455 Tel: 698~531 ·.·.·~
Area iManagement Fax: 698.a 14
Phillipsburg, New Jersey · Fax! 2236]414

•· ~~~~~;:~emenf ·. · ·~·
USA
.Tel: 908.859.7000 ·
Fax: . 908.859.7890 Bogota· . .: · ·
Tel: 1.285.~547
Eastern Canacia Fax: 1.285.3845
TTolron4tol,607. n6·t6an0'6o5· O·. . . ~:~: t~~~~~~~409 ·. . . . , •.
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Fax: 416.766.0721
.
. Mexico
-. Tlalne~antla
· ·
. . . . _-. .
· .· .
Central,'E~st-rri, · . .
·. ·- •=
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·-:
· · .: · · Tel: 5.390;2547 .- · · &t · th. . E & · -
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Western· Canada · -. · · · · · · i'iOf ern urope - i
Calgar)', Alberta . - . Fix: 5,390,4031 C.l.S. Sales ... · . ·.. . ' ·. .
IJe.·
-·-'------'tel!-403.254,,l52S_-'····
Fax: 403;254.5928
. i ·. ·•· · ... · . ··
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· Caracas ... - ', . •· · : -.·
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Fax: 02.239.9761. · •. • Fax: 23.56.39702 •.' · . ·~',.
East USA .· .... '
Phillipsburg, New Jersey ·
Tel: 908.859.7000 Eurone,•: Mi.dllie last . · · Austria . : .. · ,~
F~x:· 908.850.7850 and Attica Sales Brunn . . . . •.
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' · Russia United Kingdorr~(~.K.) PR thina & Honu Kong
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Moscow Croydon, UK Beijing
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..

Tel: 181.688.77.33 Tel: 10.6.499.1359

.
Tel: 501.2582830
501.2582831 Fax: 181.680.7171 Fax: 10.6.493.0969
5012582832

.
Fax: 5012582833
;,, Egypt Japan
.i:,-·~··:;.
. 1
Cairo Tokyo
Romania Tel: . 2.417.30.15, Tel: 44.548.90~3
n Bucharest 2.417.30.16, Fax: 44.548.9037

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.;:'. -.)· Tel: 1.312.7817 . 2.291.92.38
,,·: · '.1 Fax: l.312.7816 Fax: 2.662.034 Korea
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Seoul·
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. . ). -. ~- Africa • hd~
Southern Eurone, Tel: 02.277.2302
Fax: 02.277.2305
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~ . .' .
& ·Middle Ecist Sales
Area Management
Desio, Italy .
Brunn
Tel: .2236.31530
Fax: 2236.33430
·
·
... Tel: 362.6121 · · ·
~0- - -rax:.:.3.02~020.3'36 · - - -. · - ----: - -·· Lellanon ~ -- =: - - -- - -

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~:.~·E~Arab.Emirates i:~', :::~:~:~
Abu Dhabi·
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Tel:. 2.182.367 ·
•j!~· Fax: 2.778.742
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