DATA VISUALIZATION

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Copyright and Document Information
Proprietary Notice
Proprietary Notice

The materials in this document are proprietary to PT CYBERTREND INTRABUANA (CBI). In accepting this
document, it is deemed that participant has agreed to abide by the confidentiality nature of this document.
The reproduction or distribution of any part of the enclosed information will not be allowed without prior
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legal actions.

Disclaimer

This document is supplied in strict confidence and must not be produced in whole or in part, used in
tendering or for manufacturing purposes or given or communicated to any third party without the prior
consent of CBI.
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Contents
1. Introduction to Data Visualization .................................................................................................. 6
Introduction Data Visualization .......................................................................................................... 7
Understanding Data Visualization....................................................................................................... 7
Importance of Data Visualization........................................................................................................ 7
Who Use Data Visualization ................................................................................................................ 7
Traits of Good Data Visualization........................................................................................................ 8
Point of Excellence .............................................................................................................................. 8
Common Types of Data Visualization ................................................................................................. 9
Data Visualization vs Infographic .................................................................................................... 9
Infographic .................................................................................................................................... 10
Type of Infographic ................................................................................................................... 11
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Dashboard ..................................................................................................................................... 14

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Data Visualization Design Process .................................................................................................... 14

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Determine Goal and Supporting Data........................................................................................... 14

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Choosing Appropriate Visual Encodings ....................................................................................... 15

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Natural Ordering ....................................................................................................................... 15

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Distinct Values........................................................................................................................... 15
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Redundant Encoding ................................................................................................................. 16

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Defaults versus Innovative Formats.......................................................................................... 16

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Apply Your Encodings Well ........................................................................................................... 16

Color .......................................................................................................................................... 17
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Leverage Common Color Associations .................................................................................. 17

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Size ............................................................................................................................................ 18
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Conveying Size ...................................................................................................................... 18

Comparing Sizes .................................................................................................................... 18
Text and Typography ................................................................................................................ 19
Fonts and Hierarchies ........................................................................................................... 19
Avoid Drop Shadows ............................................................................................................. 19
2. Introduction to Tableau Desktop & Server ................................................................................... 20
Tableau Product Line ........................................................................................................................ 21
Application Terminology ................................................................................................................... 22
Visual Cues for Fields ........................................................................................................................ 23
Modifiers ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Fields in the Data Pane.................................................................................................................. 23

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 Fields on Shelves ........................................................................................................................... 24
Introduction to Web Authoring - Tableau Site ................................................................................. 25
User Capabilities ........................................................................................................................... 25
Feature Comparison...................................................................................................................... 26
General Difference in web authoring ....................................................................................... 26
Web Authoring Capabilities .......................................................................................................... 26
Data Management .................................................................................................................... 26
Analytics .................................................................................................................................... 27
Filtering and Sorting .................................................................................................................. 28
Formatting................................................................................................................................. 28
Tableau Server Site Interface ........................................................................................................ 28
Sign In ........................................................................................................................................ 29
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Navigate Content ...................................................................................................................... 29

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Navigate Site ......................................................................................................................... 30

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Navigate Project .................................................................................................................... 33

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Navigate Workbook .............................................................................................................. 34

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Navigate Views ...................................................................................................................... 34

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Navigate Data Source ............................................................................................................ 35

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Navigate Flows ...................................................................................................................... 36

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View content as list or grid ................................................................................................... 37

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Sort Content .......................................................................................................................... 38

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Identify and navigate sites .................................................................................................... 39

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Connect to Data and Create Workbook ........................................................................................ 39

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3. Connecting to Data ....................................................................................................................... 41

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Creating a Live Data Connection ....................................................................................................... 42

Reshape Data Views.......................................................................................................................... 43
Saving and Editing a Data Source...................................................................................................... 45
Sharing a Data Source ....................................................................................................................... 46
Understanding Changes to Data ....................................................................................................... 47
Connecting Data in Tableau Online / Server ..................................................................................... 47
Connect Data on the web ............................................................................................................. 47
Data Source Page .......................................................................................................................... 49
Connect to Files............................................................................................................................. 50
Use Connector............................................................................................................................... 50
Connect to “On this site” .............................................................................................................. 51
Dashboard Starters ....................................................................................................................... 51

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 Practice: Creating a Local Data Connection ...................................................................................... 52
4. Simplifying and Sorting your Data ................................................................................................ 54
Data Filtering..................................................................................................................................... 55
Filter on a Dimension .................................................................................................................... 55
Filter on a Dimension in Web........................................................................................................ 55
Filter on a Measure ....................................................................................................................... 56
Filter on a Measure in Web........................................................................................................... 56
Creating Date Filters ......................................................................................................................... 57
Creating Date Filter in Web............................................................................................................... 58
Practice: Filtering .............................................................................................................................. 59
Sorting ............................................................................................................................................... 60
Sort data on an axis....................................................................................................................... 60
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Sort specific fields in the viz .......................................................................................................... 61

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Sort data using the toolbar ........................................................................................................... 63

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Create a nested sort ...................................................................................................................... 63

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Set up the view ............................................................................................................................. 63

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Create a nested sort using the header...................................................................................... 64

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Practice: Sorting ................................................................................................................................ 66

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5. Organizing Your Data .................................................................................................................... 68

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Using Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69

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Creating and Using Hierarchies ......................................................................................................... 70

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Using Drag and Drop ..................................................................................................................... 70

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Using Context (Right-Click) Menu ................................................................................................. 70

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Practice: Creating Groups and Hierarchies ....................................................................................... 71

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Practice: Creating Visual Grouping ................................................................................................... 72

6. Slicing Your Data by Date .............................................................................................................. 73
Working with Dates in Tableau ......................................................................................................... 74
Understanding and Using Discrete and Continues Dates ............................................................. 74
Using Discrete Date Parts ................................................................................................................. 74
Practice: Discrete and Continuous Dates.......................................................................................... 75
Creating Custom Dates ..................................................................................................................... 77
Practice: Custom Dates ..................................................................................................................... 77
7. Using Multiple Measures in a View .............................................................................................. 80
Using Measure Values and Measure Names in a View ..................................................................... 81
Combined or Shared Axis Charts....................................................................................................... 81
Practice: Combined Axis Chart .......................................................................................................... 83

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 Creating Dual Axis Charts .................................................................................................................. 84
Practice: Dual Axis Chart ................................................................................................................... 86
8. Showing the Relationship between Numerical Values ................................................................. 87
Showing Correlations and Outliers with Scatter Plots ...................................................................... 88
Practice: Marketing Expenses Scatter Plot ....................................................................................... 90
9. Mapping Data Geographically....................................................................................................... 91
Mapping in Tableau .......................................................................................................................... 92
Navigation and Selection in Maps .................................................................................................... 92
Practice: Geographic Mapping .......................................................................................................... 94
Creating Geographic Groups ............................................................................................................. 95
Practice: Creating Geographic Groups .............................................................................................. 97
10. Viewing Specific Values ............................................................................................................. 98
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Creating Crosstabs ............................................................................................................................ 99

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Grand Totals, Sub-Totals, and Changing Aggregation ...................................................................... 99

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Practice: Totals and Aggregation .................................................................................................... 101

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Creating Heat Maps ........................................................................................................................ 103

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Creating Highlight Tables ................................................................................................................ 103

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Practice: Highlight Table ................................................................................................................. 105

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11. Customizing Your Data ............................................................................................................ 106

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Using Calculations in Desktop ......................................................................................................... 107

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Options for Creating Calculated Fields ........................................................................................... 107

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Practice: Calculations and Aggregations in Profit Ratio .................................................................. 110

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String Functions .............................................................................................................................. 111

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Logical Functions ............................................................................................................................. 111

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Practice: Logical Functions .............................................................................................................. 112

Date Calculations ............................................................................................................................ 114
Practice: Using Date Calculations ................................................................................................... 115
12. Analyzing Data with Quick Table Calculations ........................................................................ 116
Table Calculations Overview ........................................................................................................... 117
Using Quick Table Calculations ....................................................................................................... 118
Practice: Running Total of Sales ...................................................................................................... 119
Practice: Year over Year Change ..................................................................................................... 120
13. Showing Breakdowns of the Whole ........................................................................................ 121
Pie Charts and Parts of the Whole .................................................................................................. 122
Practice: Percent of Total Sales....................................................................................................... 122
Creating Tree Maps ......................................................................................................................... 123

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 Practice: Creating Tree Map ........................................................................................................... 123
14. Highlight Data with Reference Lines ....................................................................................... 124
Using Reference Lines ..................................................................................................................... 125
Reference Bands ............................................................................................................................. 126
Practice: Reference Lines ................................................................................................................ 128
15. Making Your Views Available .................................................................................................. 130
Dashboards ..................................................................................................................................... 131
Understanding the Connections between Dashboards and Worksheets ................................... 131
Edit the Original Worksheet........................................................................................................ 131
Duplicate a Worksheet................................................................................................................ 132
Hide a Worksheet ....................................................................................................................... 132
Tiled or Floating Objects ............................................................................................................. 132
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Dashboard Device Layout ........................................................................................................... 132

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Worksheet and Filters ................................................................................................................. 133

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Dashboard Actions (Created in Tableau Desktop) .......................................................................... 134

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Highlight Actions ......................................................................................................................... 134

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URL Actions ................................................................................................................................. 137

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Go to Sheet Action ...................................................................................................................... 138

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Practice: Building a Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 139

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 1. Introduction to Data Visualization
This module contains the following:

Introduction to Data Visualization

Difference between Data Visualization vs Infographic

Type of Data Visualization and Infographic

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Introduction Data Visualization

When you help people visualize the meaning of data, you add tremendous value to any organization.
In this course, we look at what data visualization is and what it means to different groups. When it
comes to gaining valuable insight in a company setting, the use of data visualization is critical.
Companies are desperate to view and learn from their Big Data. Data visualization, however, is a
growing field with a critical shortage of true experts. Big Data refers to the voluminous amounts of
information that can be collected from social media data as well as internal company data. Analyzing
and extracting insights from it is the goal. After reading this module, you’ll be able to help fill that role
for your company, whether you’re building your first data visualization or your hundredth one.

Understanding Data Visualization

Here’s a simple definition of data visualization: It’s the study of how to represent data by using a visual
or artistic approach rather than the traditional reporting method. (Mico Yuk, Data Visualization for
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Dummies)

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Two of the most popular types of data visualizations are dashboards and infographics, both of which

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use a combination of charts, text, and images to communicate the message of the data. The practice
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of transforming data into meaningful and useful information via some form of visualization or report
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is called Business Intelligence (BI).

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Importance of Data Visualization

Data visualizations (you can call them data viz for short) are widely used in companies of all sizes to
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communicate their data stories. This practice, known as BI, is a multibillion-dollar industry. It continues
to grow exponentially as more companies seek ways to use their big data to gain valuable insight into
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past, current, and future events.

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With the recent popularity of social media and mobile apps, the amount of data that’s generated on
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a moment-to-moment basis is astounding. For this reason, many companies find that making sense of
that data requires the use of some form of data visualization. It’s virtually impossible to view 1 million
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rows of data and try to make sense of it.

This module focuses specifically on data visualizations that contain intelligent data (data that is
actionable) and that provide some value to a company by enabling a person or group of people to
make faster decisions based on that data.

Who Use Data Visualization

Data visualizations are for everybody. All of us use them, whether or not we realize it. If you use apps
on your smartphone, for example, chances are that you depend on data visualizations to make critical
decisions on an almost daily basis. Do you ever use a weather app to determine how to dress for that
day? If you open the app and see a cloud with lightning at the top of the app, you have a good idea
that it’s going to be a stormy, rainy day without having to read any data about temperature,
barometric pressure, and humidity.

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This example shows you how a simple visual helps you gain quick insight and make a quick decision
(in this case, to wear a raincoat and carry an umbrella). Believe it or not, you just consumed a good
data visualization.

Traits of Good Data Visualization

Good data visualizations come in all shapes and sizes, but all of them have certain traits, which we
discuss in this module.

In her book (Data Visualization for Dummies), she wrote that, once worked with a talented graphic-
design expert named Natasha Lloyd to deliver a well-received presentation called “How to Build a
Successful Business Intelligence Dashboard” at a major global conference. When she was asked what
she thought was important about creating visualizations, Natasha said her focus wasn’t on what was
pretty versus ugly; her focus was on the end-user experience. Table below shows the key items
discussed during the presentation. AL

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Although these traits sound more like descriptions of a new car than descriptions of business data,
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focusing on these three traits for all your data visualizations should ensure that you produce
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something that’s not only great to look at but that also provides value and deep insight to those who
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focusing on the most important items. Your main goal should be to develop a data visualization that
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Point of Excellence
Before you move on to the basics of building your data visualization, you should have some idea of
what criteria make a data visualization excellent. An excellent data visualization has the following
qualities:

• Visual Appealing

The advent of more sophisticated visual creation tools and the high quality of mobile apps
have raised the bar very high on the user experience. It’s only going to get higher with the
evolution of technology such as Google Glass. Your visualization will go unused if it looks like
it was designed with old technology.

• Scalable

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 If your data visualization is successful, others will want to use and leverage it. Be sure to build
your visualization on a system that’s scalable for accessibility and for future maintenance and
modifications.

• Give the Right Information

It’s a problem when users focus on the visual or a particular feature and not on what they
really need. Before creating a visualization, define exactly how it will be used, such as for self-
service, drill-down, deep analysis, or executive overview.

• Accessible

An accessible visualization is easy to use and can be modified easily when necessary. Also, the
data must be accessible on any device, at any time, at any place. This feature is critical to user
adoption.

Common Types of Data Visualization

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This chapter presents different types of visualizations so that you can familiarize yourself with the
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many options you have for creating data visualizations of your own.

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To simplify the process of understanding visualizations, we focus on the two most popular types: data
visualizations and infographics. Because the use of graphical data visualizations is growing quickly,
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there is a bit of disagreement about how to define a data visualization versus an infographic. You may
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believe that the definition is clear, but when you get into more complex visualizations, you can start
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to wonder.
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In their book Designing Data Visualizations (O’Reilly Media), Noah Iliinsky and Julie Steele use the
following three criteria to determine whether to call a graphic a data visualization or an infographic:
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• Method of Generation
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This criterion refers to what goes into creating the graphic itself. If a lot of original illustrations
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are created to explain the data, for example, it’s likely to be an infographic. You often see
infographics with beautiful, elaborate images created to explain the information.
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Figure below shows an example created by Coleen Corcoran and Joe Prichard.

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• Quantity of data represented

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Typically, data visualizations have more and different kinds of data from infographics. Also,
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the data in data visualizations changes frequently to indicate changes in status. In addition, an
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infographic is less likely to include interactive numbers.

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• Degree of Aesthetic
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displaying information, the graphic is likely to be an infographic.

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You can use the information in Table below to determine whether you’re working with an infographic
or a data visualization. This table becomes useful when you want to decide what type of visualization
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to create for specific information and/or low-quality graphics.

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Read on to find out what types of content you can put in an infographic or data visualization.

Infographic
Infographics have gained great favor of late. If done well, they can illuminate a problem and tell an
interesting story. Infographics have generated great interest on the Internet because of their ability
to entertain as well as enlighten.

Infographics use design rules to artfully display text, numbers, metaphors, and other data types. You
should use a few key guidelines when you’re planning your own infographic or evaluating one:

✓ Make it easy to understand.

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 First and foremost, an infographic should be simple. If the information isn’t clear or leads to
confusion, you’ve failed.
✓ Make it accurate.
Infographics reflect actual data. The artwork must accurately reflect the data and carefully
report the trends or patterns of the data. Double-check your work.
✓ Provide your sources.
Data sources typically are listed at the bottom of an infographic. If you want yours to have
credibility, list all the places where the data was gathered.
✓ Choose complementary colors.
An infographic should be eye-catching. If you have trouble determining what colors to use,
many online tools can help. For more information using color in your visualizations.
✓ Make it worthwhile.
Although it’s true that infographics can be frivolous or silly, most business users are looking
for solid information. Take the time to create something that others will want to share.

Type of Infographic
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Several types of infographics are currently popular. The following list can help you choose the right
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type for the information you’re trying to illustrate:

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• Case study AC
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If you’ve conducted a specific inquiry about a particular topic and want to share the results,
try a case study. In the context of an infographic, a case study shows the goals, objectives, and
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outcome of a particular campaign or action plan.

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• Chronology
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The content of a chronology follows a logical, dated order, as shown in figure below. Use this
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type of infographic if you want to recount something like the history of a product or the
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growth of an industry.
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• Comparison
When you’re trying to show the difference between one item and another, try a comparison.
Figure below shows a comparison of iOS 6 and iOS 7 icons; in the comparison you can see that
some changes make sense, whereas others seem to change simply for the sake of change.

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• Compilation

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If you want to inform your audience about a key topic and make it memorable, use a

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compilation of information as an infographic. A compilation refers to a collection of
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information that is gathered from a variety of sources into one cohesive whole.
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• Expert advice
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also “helps the medicine go down” if you’re recommending something difficult.

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• How-to information
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Presenting information in a sequential manner is a great way to educate your audience.

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Infographics often use visuals to get the message across, as shown in figure below.
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Dashboard
Dashboards allow staff to see their Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and important alerts on one
screen. They have become increasingly popular because of the growing amount of data companies
need to harness. Dashboards enable companies to put measures from different departments in one
graphic. Following are some benefits of dashboards:

✓ They remove the need to update manual calculations.

✓ They focus on the measures that are most important to the audience.
✓ They alert stakeholders to action(s) that must be taken.
✓ They increase productivity by showing the most important data on one screen so that users
don’t have to go searching for it.

How do you know whether you’re on the right track when creating your first dashboard? Here are
three questions to ask yourself:

✓ Will any stakeholders champion the use of the dashboard going forward?
Unless some people believe in the data and want the dashboard to be used, the dashboard
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✓ Will someone update and maintain the numbers in the dashboard?
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You need to make sure that whoever looks at the data is seeing current data that takes

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changes in company direction into account. Having a dashboard that reflects bad or outdated
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data is as unhelpful as having no data.

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✓ Is the dashboard truly easy to understand

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This issue probably is the most important one that we cover in this book. If the visualization
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in the dashboard is confusing, no one will use it, no matter how pretty it is.
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Data Visualization Design Process

Now that we know how to think about why and what we design, both in terms of our purposes and
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the relationships that define visualizations, let’s talk about the process of designing visualizations.
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Noah Illinsky & Julie Steele, on their book (Designing Data Visualization) wrote inspiring steps to start
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data visualization process

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Determine Goal and Supporting Data

The very first thing to think about is the goal of your visualization. To be useful, that goal must be
defined before the implementation phase has started. The visualization (like any product or
communication) must then be designed with that goal in mind.

The goal of your visualization is going to be informed by your own goals and motivations as well as the
needs of your reader. A visualization’s goal is usually to satisfy a need for specific information on the
part of your reader. But the goal may also be to change the reader’s opinions or behavior in some way.

To begin defining the goal of your visualization, ask yourself, what information need am I attempting
to satisfy with this visualization? Related questions include:

• What values or data dimensions are relevant in this context?

• Which of these dimensions matter; matter most; and matter least?
• What are the key relationships that need to be communicated?
• What properties or values would make some individual data points more interesting than the
rest?
Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 14
 • What actions might be taken once this information need is satisfied, and what values will
justify that action?

Choosing Appropriate Visual Encodings

Two key factors are whether a visual property is naturally ordered, and how many distinct values of
this property the reader can easily differentiate. Natural ordering and number of distinct values will
indicate whether a visual property is best suited to one of the main data types: quantitative, ordinal,
categorical, or relational data.

Natural Ordering
Whether a visual property has a natural ordering is determined by whether the mechanics of our visual
system and the “software” in our brains automatically—unintentionally— assign an order, or ranking,
to different values of that property.

For example, position has a natural ordering; shape doesn’t.

Distinct Values
The second main factor to consider when choosing a visual property is how many distinct values it has
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that your reader will be able to perceive, differentiate, and possibly remember. For example, there

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are a lot of colors in the world, but we can’t tell them apart if they’re too similar. We can more easily

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differentiate a large number of shapes, a huge number of positions, and an infinite number of
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numbers. When choosing a visual property, select one that has a number of useful differentiable
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values and an ordering similar to that of your data (see picture below).
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Redundant Encoding
If you have the luxury of leftover, unused visual properties after you’ve encoded the main dimensions
of your data, consider using them to redundantly encode some existing, already-encoded data
dimensions. The advantage of redundant encoding is that using more channels to get the same
information into your brain can make acquisition of that information faster, easier, and more accurate.

For example, if you’ve got lines differentiated by ending (arrows, dots, etc.), consider also changing
the line style (dotted, dashed, etc.) or color. If you’ve got values encoded by placement, consider
redundantly encoding the value with brightness, or grouping regions with color, as in picture below.

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To be totally accurate, in picture above, adding color more strongly defined the groupings that weren’t
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strongly defined before, but those groups are a subset of the information already provided by position.
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For that reason, in this case color adds slightly more informational value beyond mere redundancy.
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Defaults versus Innovative Formats

It is worth noting that there are a lot of good default encodings and encoding conventions in the world,
and with good reason. Designing new encoding formats can cost you a lot of time and effort, and may
make your reader expend a lot of time and effort to learn. Knowing the expected defaults for your
industry, data type, or reader can save you a lot of work when it comes to both figuring out how to
best encode your data, and how to explain it to your readers. However, if we all used existing defaults
all the time, not much progress would be made.

Apply Your Encodings Well

Now that you have a sense of what structure you’ll use to represent your data, and how it will be
positioned on the page, it’s time to consider the other visual properties for encoding your data and to
fine-tune your choices.

We’ll begin with a discussion of color, including some of the challenges that color selection presents,
and the best uses of color. Then we’ll review other visual encoding properties—such as size, shape,
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lines, and text—and give suggestions for how each should be treated. Finally, we’ll present some
common (and slightly humorous) pitfalls, and give advice for how to avoid them.

Color
Color is tricky. It’s very appealing, and as designers, we’re tempted to use it all the time. However,
getting color right can be much more difficult than it seems.

In the defense of color, it can be an excellent property for labeling categorical data, or non-ordered
categories for differentiation purposes. (Examples of non-ordered categories include operating
system, gender, region, conference track, and genre.) Just be sure that you don’t need too many
distinct values if you’re using color as the visual property by which to encode categories.

The standard advice for using color to encode categories is to limit your selection to ideally about six—
hopefully no more than 12, and absolutely no more than 20—colors and corresponding categories.
This will allow you to select colors that are different enough that they can easily be differentiated and
clearly named.

The recommended set of 12 colors is shown in Table below.

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Leverage Common Color Associations

Color may not have a natural ordering, but it does carry a lot of cultural conventions, including many
common emotional or aesthetic associations. Some of these include:

• Red is associated with warning, danger, and warfare. It can also be associated with passion—
either love or anger—and blood. In the East it is associated with good luck and prosperity.
• Green is associated with nature, the earth, environmentalism, and renewal. It can also be
associated with permission to move ahead, clearance, etc. (as in “green light”)—especially
when paired with red.
• Yellow is associated with happiness, sunshine, and playfulness. However, on its own or in
large fields, it can be irritating. It is also associated with caution.
• Blue is associated with water, coolness, and calm. Depending on the shade, it may be
associated with religion or the military.
• Black is associated with mourning and death, but also with luxury and sophistication.
• White is associated with purity, innocence, and weddings, but also with sympathy and the
afterlife (and therefore, with death).

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 17

 • Pink is associated with affection, imagination, and childishness. Light pink is associated with
young girls, and light blue with young boys—especially when paired together.
• Grey is associated with neutrality, conservatism, modesty, and maturity.
• Orange is associated with fire, energy, and—in the East—spirituality. It is named for the
fruit, and so can also be associated with health and vigor.
• Brown is associated with dirt, leather, stone, and “earthiness.” It may also be associated
with animal waste.
• Purple is associated with royalty (nobility) and magic (falsehood or artificiality).

Size
Size can be used to great advantage to represent the relative importance of entities. Even if your larger
entity is the same size as others “in reality,” making it larger in your visualization makes it more eye-
catching and indicates that it is more worthy of attention. You’ll see this on organizational charts,
where the CEO gets a bigger box, even though the text in the box (or the person it represents) doesn’t
take up any more physical space than any other job title. Consider using size to draw your reader to
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central, key, or fundamentally important entities.

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Conveying Size

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Conveying relative size (or proportion) accurately can be a challenge, especially for very large (e.g.,
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planets) or very small items (e.g., viruses). You’ll often see large items compared to familiar big things:
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a blue whale, a school bus, the Statue of Liberty, or the Empire State Building. This can be a useful
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practice if you’ve got a handy reference item that’s near enough in size to the object you’d like to
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NO

represent.
CO

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Comparing Sizes
DO

We’re really good at comparing the surface areas of rectangles in situations where the only thing that’s
ND

different between them is length. As long as the width remains constant (think: bar graphs and
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software progress bars), we are very good at guesstimating the relationship of the size of the shapes
to each other
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When it comes to rectangles where the width and length both change, we don’t judge them as
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accurately, and we tend to underestimate the differences in size: a square that is 1.4 units long on
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each side has twice the area of a square with sides of length 1, but doesn’t seem “twice as big” (see
picture below)

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 18

Text and Typography
It is very unlikely that you’ll come across a helpful visualization that uses no words or numbers of any
kind. Most of them do, as titles, axis labels, or other kinds of labels or indicators. So we need to
carefully consider which words and numbers are present, how they interact with the visual elements,
and what they do or don’t say.

Fonts and Hierarchies

The disagreements over serif versus sans serif fonts are endless, and unfortunately it is beyond the
scope of this book to get into too much detail regarding typography wars. Suffice it to say that many
people feel serif fonts (fonts with ornamental shapes at the ends of letters, such as Times, Cambria,
or Garamond) are better for setting blocks of text, while sans serif fonts (fonts with clean line endings,
such as Helvetica, Arial, or Verdana) are better for titles, tags, and labels.

Remember: your goal is to make things clear and easy to navigate for your reader. So avoid using fancy
or trendy fonts just because you can. Stay away from gothic fonts, fantasy fonts, and script fonts.
(We’re looking at you, Comic Sans.) AL
Avoid Drop Shadows

Y
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One of the most horrible ways (because it is so needless) in which to obscure legibility is to add a drop
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shadow to your text. You have probably seen this done in numerous slide presentations, either in

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some misguided bid for emphasis or because the presenter was drinking a little too much coffee at
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2am. Bottom line: drop shadows on text make your beloved readers cry.
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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 19

 2. Introduction to Tableau Desktop & Server
This module contains the following:

Tableau Product Line

Application Terminology

Visual Cues for Fields

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 20

Tableau Product Line

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Product Description
▪ Used to explore data, create views and dashboards and save workbooks.
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Tableau Desktop
ND

▪ Can be used to publish a workbook to Tableau Server and control which

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users and groups can view which data.

Tableau Server ▪ A data analytics tool and library of visualizations and data sources.
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▪ Provides varying levels of access to workbooks published from Tableau

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Desktop.
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▪ Manages maintenance tasks, such as refreshing data, as specified in a

schedule.
▪ Can be used to ensure data source consistency among various Tableau
users.
▪ Can provide controlled access for data security.
Tableau Online ▪ A hosted version of server that can be accessed from anywhere using a
web browser.
Tableau Public ▪ A free public web site for workbook presentation.
▪ Accepts only flat files (Excel, etc) of limited size, has no security, uses no
live data, and does not allow saving or printing of workbooks.
▪ Allows authors to turn off “download” on their workbooks.
▪ Has no impression or domain limits.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 21

 Tableau Prep ▪ It gives your team the tools they need to confidently combine, shape,
Builder and clean their data.
▪ Save result into .tde / .hyper / .csv

Product Description

Tableau Reader ▪ Free workbook presenter allowing users to open and intercat with
(Filter, Sort, Print) packaged workbooks created in Tableau Desktop.
▪ Does not establish a data connection.
▪ Can open packaged workbooks but cannot create, edit, or save views.
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Tableau Mobile ▪ A free app for iPhone, iPad, Android tablets, and mobile browsers,

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which can be used to interact with views published to Tableau Server or

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Tableau Online. The iPad app also allows editing of views.

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Vizable by ▪ A free iPad app that can be used to visualize and interact with flat-file
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Tableau data sources.

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Application Terminology
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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 22

 Term Description

1. Go to Start Page Toggle between the active sheet and the Desktop Start Page.

2. Data Pane Includes dimensions and measures, populated from your

selected data source. May also include calculated fields,
parameters, or sets.
3. Analytics Pane Includes options you can use to apply reference lines,
forecasts, trend lines, to add totals to crosstabs, and to build
boxplots.
4. Workbook Name The file name of your workbook.
5. View Cards Used for modifying the worksheet.
6. Toolbar icons Icons are availabe for quick access to popular features.
7. Worksheet/View Workspace for building your visualizations.
8. Go to Data Source Returns you to the data source specification page.
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9. Worksheet tabs Click to view a spesific worksheet, dashboard, or story.
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10. New Worksheet, Click to create a new Worksheet, Dashboard, or Story

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Dashboard, and Story tabs AC

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11. Status bar Displays data about the fields and marks included in the
view.
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Visual Cues for Fields

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Tableau displays the following visual cues in the Data pane and the view.
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Modifiers
The following table explains how each of the field icons displayed in the Data pane can be modified
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by one of four indicators:

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Blue icons indicate that the field is discrete.

Green icons indicate that the field is continuous.

Icon preceded by the equal sign (=) indicate that the field is a user-defined
calculation or a copy of another field.

Icons with an exclamation mark next to them indicate that the field is invalid.

Fields in the Data Pane

These are the primary fields you will see in the Data pane.

Icon Description

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 23

 Text values
Numeric values

Date only values

Date and time values

Geographic data
User-defined set

Boolean (true/false) values

Group

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Fields on Shelves

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Icon or Visual Cue Description

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A blue field on a shelf indicates a discrete field.

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A green field on a shelf indicates a continuous field.

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A (SORT) icon indicates a sorted field.

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The delta icon indicates that the field has a table calculation
DO

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applied to it.
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The plus and minus controls appear when the field is part of a
hierarchy in which you can drill up or down.
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BE
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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 24

Introduction to Web Authoring - Tableau Site
Your Tableau site is a private workspace on the web where you can share data insights and
collaborate with your colleagues. With certain access levels, you can connect to data and create
workbooks right on the web, or connect to data sources and workbooks built in Tableau Desktop.
Your license level sets what you’re able to do in your Tableau site.

A Tableau site is a place for your team to publish data sources and workbooks to share with each
other.

In Tableau-speak, we use site to mean a collection of users, groups, and content (workbooks, data
sources) that’s walled off from other sites (collections of users, groups, and content).

As a site user, you might be able to sign in to one site, or you might be able to sign into multiple
sites, depending on the access your administrator gives you. After you sign in, you can see projects
and content that you can access.
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User Capabilities

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Your user level and content permissions determine what you can see and do with Tableau on the

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web. Starting in 2018.1, your Tableau user level can be Creator, Explorer, or Viewer.
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EN

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Not sure what your user level is? To check, select the icon in the top right corner of the site
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with your initials or profile picture and select My Account Settings. Site Role tells you if you
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are a Creator, Explorer, or Viewer.

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In general:
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• Creators can:
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▪ Make new connections to data in the browser

ND

▪ Build and publish data sources and workbooks from the browser or Tableau Desktop
▪ Use Dashboard Starters
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▪ Everything else that Explorers and Viewers can do

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• Explorers* can:
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▪ Connect to published data sources on the site to create new workbooks

▪ Edit and analyze data in published workbooks (Save and Save As options vary based on
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permissions)
▪ Create data alerts and custom views, download content (options vary based on
permissions)
▪ Everything that Viewers can do

*The user level Explorer (can publish) is an Explorer who can publish new content from
Desktop to a site and create and publish new content from an existing published data source,
but cannot connect to external data or create new data sources.

• Viewers can:
▪ See published and custom views others have created
▪ Explore the data in a view using filters and legends, sorting, and tooltips
▪ Share, comment on, and download content (options vary based on permissions)

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 25

Feature Comparison
For anyone familiar with Tableau Desktop and new to the web authoring environment in Tableau
Server and Tableau Online, this topic provides a summary of the web features that you use similarly
to the way you do in Tableau Desktop. It also lists some fundamental differences between the two
environments.

General Difference in web authoring

• Your authoring capabilities are determined by your license level.
• You can access right-click menu actions on Measures and Dimensions in the view, but not on
every item in the workspace.
• Keyboard shortcuts for web authoring and Tableau Desktop are not the same.

Web Authoring Capabilities

In the web environment, you can connect to data and create workbooks from those data sources, or
data published through Tableau Desktop. You can edit views created on the web or published from
Tableau Desktop.
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Administrators can set at the site level what web authoring abilities users can have. Explorers can

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edit workbooks, create new workbooks from published data sources, connect to published data
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sources, and create and edit views, dashboards, and stories. Creators have those same capabilities,
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but can also create new workbooks, connect to data on the web, and use Dashboard Starters to
quickly dive into analysis.
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NO
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Data Management
• Creators: Connect to data sources, upload files (text and Excel), or use pre-built Dashboard
DO

Starter templates for certain data sources.

ND

• Creators: Prepare data on the web in the Data Source page.

RE

Note: There is a limitation on the number of rows that can be viewed in the Data Source
RT

page when authoring data on the web, determined by browser:

▪ Internet Explorer: 10,000 rows
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▪ Other browsers: 100,000 rows

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Independent of browser, the total number of records (rows by columns) that can be viewed
in the Data Source page on the web is 3 million.

▪ Run Initial SQL when connecting with some data sources

▪ Join data from different tables in the same data source or from different databases
using a multi-connection data source
- Add a join calculation
▪ Union data
▪ Pivot data

▪ Copy values in a grid (Ctrl+C, or Command-C on a Mac)

▪ Edit Data Sources
▪ Clean data using the Data Interpreter
▪ Create a Custom SQL query

• Explorers: Connect to published data sources.

• Blend published data sources.
Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 26
 • Save a data source (embedded in a published workbook) as a separate, published data source.
• Change aggregation of measures in the view. Change the default aggregation of measures in
the Data pane.
• Search for fields in the schema.
• Duplicate, hide, or rename fields.
• Change the data type of fields.
• Convert measures to dimensions or vice versa.
• Convert a discrete field to continuous and vice versa. This option is available for measures and
date dimensions.
• Assign a geographic role for a field.
• Create aliases for members of dimensions.
• Create and edit groups.
• Use sets (not create or edit).
• Use parameters (not create or edit).

Analytics
•
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Create, edit, rename, duplicate, and clear sheets (views, dashboards, and stories) in a

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workbook.
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• Search for fields in the Data pane with schema search

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• Drag fields to the view, Rows, Columns, and different mark types in the Marks card.
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• Use Show Me to create views. Also, select and drag dimensions and measures of interest to
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the view area to automatically create a "Show Me" view.

• View underlying data (via tooltips).
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• Viz in Tooltip works in web views, but must be configured in Tableau Desktop. Viz in Tooltip
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worksheets can be hidden, the same way you would hide worksheets used in stories or
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dashboards.
•
DO

Create and edit calculated fields.

ND

• Create bins from continuous measures, and edit bins.

• Create and edit table calculations, and use quick table calculations.
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• Use the Analytics pane to drag reference lines, trend lines, and other objects into the view.
RT

Edit reference lines, trend lines, and bands. Create and configure reference distributions on a
continuous axis.
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• Create groups by selecting marks in the view and then clicking Group Members (paperclip) in
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the tooltip for that selection. You can also edit existing groups in the Data pane.
• Create hierarchies by dragging one dimension onto another in the Data pane.
• Change options for interacting with maps, including enabling or disabling pan and zoom, or
showing map search, the view toolbar, or map scale. Users can also map units.
• Drill up and down a continuous hierarchy in the view. In a view with a continuous hierarchy,
hover near the headers on a continuous axis to display the + and - controls. Click to drill down
or up.
• Show labels, totals, and subtotals.
• Show and hide titles and captions.
• Show and hide cards for filters and highlighters.
• Show, hide, and resize headers in the view.
• Swap X and Y axes. Resize axes in the view.
• Change the view size.
• Show and hide the View Toolbar for any view or dashboard.
• Duplicate a sheet as a crosstab view.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 27

Filtering and Sorting
• Use data highlighting.
• Add, modify, and remove filters (shown as Quick Filters), and edit a quick filter layout.
(General, Wildcard, Condition, and Top tabs are not available.)
• Filter across published data sources.
• Apply table calculation filters to totals in the view.
• Show hidden fields, and exclude or remove fields from the view.
• Sort fields in the view in ascending or descending order. Access the Sort dialog box by right-
clicking a dimension on the Rows or Columns shelf. Nested sorting on dimension values within
the context of each pane.

Formatting
• Resize the width of row headers and the height of column headers.
• Edit workbook formatting, including formatting lines.
• Edit worksheet and dashboard titles.
• Edit axes (double-click an axis in the view). Other options available: Synchronize dual axes,
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clearing the axis range (Reset), and tick mark settings. Enable or disable Dual axis in a field

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context menu (right-click a measure field on Rows or Columns shelf). Logarithmic scales can
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be positive or symmetric (includes 0 and negative values).

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• Edit number formatting (decimal places, percentage, thousands separator, units, and
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currency).
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• Create, edit, move, and resize point, mark, and area annotations.
• Add and edit dashboards objects, including: horizontal and vertical layout containers, text,
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images, navigation buttons, web page links, and dashboard extensions.

NO

•
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Create transparent worksheet backgrounds (set background color to none). Combine

DA

transparent worksheets with transparent filters, highlighters, and parameters.

•
DO

Change the color palette. For categorical fields you can assign specific colors and custom
ND

colors (using a hex code) to data items. For continuous fields, you can set custom colors for
start and end colors (using a hex code).
RE

• Edit and view device-specific dashboard layouts.

RT

• Set a dashboard item's exact size, position, and spacing.

• Add padding, borders, and background colors around items in dashboards.
BE

• Select a background map in map views.

•
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Legends per measure. If you create separate color legends for the measures in your view,
Tableau assigns the default color palette to each new color legend. To change the color legend
for each measure, click the drop-down arrow on the color legend to open the Edit Colors
dialog box and select the palette that you want to use.

Tableau Server Site Interface

There's a lot you can do with Tableau on the web. As a Creator, you can connect to data directly to
power your analytics, create stunning data visualizations, and share those insights with others. In this
guide, we’ll cover the Tableau Online environment, connecting to and preparing your data for analysis,
creating a workbook and sharing those insights with others.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 28

Sign In
To get started, sign in to your Tableau site and enter your user name and password.

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When you sign in to Tableau Server or Tableau Online, the first page you see looks similar to the

EM
following example. The Home page gives you quick access to newly added favorites, recently visited
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views, and popular content.

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Navigate Content
To see all of the content you have access to across your Tableau site, from the navigation panel, click
Explore. Your site role and permissions determine the content that you can see and the options that
are available.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 29

 • A - Site picker (available if you have access to more than one site)
• B - Content type menu
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• C - Quick search

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D - Your content and settings

•

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E - Filters
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By default, Explore shows Top-level Projects. You can select different content types from the menu
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to see all projects, workbooks, views, data sources, or flows.

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Navigate Site
As an administrator on Tableau Server or Tableau Online, you can access admin settings that aren’t
available to other users to configure sites, users, projects, and to do other content related tasks.

The settings in this article refer to the Tableau web environment. Tableau Server administrators with
appropriate credentials can also change server settings such as processor, caching, authentication,
distributed deployment, and related configurations using the TSM web environment.

Access based on site role and number of sites the menus you get when you sign in to Tableau Server
or Tableau Online depend on the following conditions:

Whether you’re a site or server administrator.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 30

 • Site administrator access is available on Tableau Online and Tableau Server. Server
administrator access is only on Tableau Server.
• Whether you have access to only one site or to multiple sites.

Server Administrator

On a single-site server, the site selector does not

appear, and all other menus are the same.

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In a multi-site environment, menus along the

left enable you to modify a specific site or all
DO

sites, and to configure users, groups, schedules,

ND

tasks, and server settings.

RE

To access server administrator settings that

RT

affect all sites, open the site menu by clicking the

arrow next to the current site name, and then
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select Manage all sites.

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The Content and Group tabs go away, and the

site menu text changes to All Sites to let you
know you are managing server-wide settings,
and options like Server Status reflect the server-
wide view.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 31

 To return to the site administration menus,
select All Sites, and the select the site you want
to manage.

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Site administrator

If you are a site administrator for Tableau Online

or Tableau Server, and you have access to
multiple sites, you’ll get menus for selecting
which site to manage, and for managing that
site’s content, users, groups, schedules, and
tasks, and for monitoring its status.

The site selector displays the name of the

current site. To go to another site, select the site
menu, and then select the site name.

If you have access to only one site, the site

selector does not appear, but all other menus
are the same.
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Y
EM
TI

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EN

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ID

When you sign in to Tableau Server or Tableau Online, the first page you see looks similar to the
NF

TA
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following example. The Home page gives you quick access to newly added favorites, recently visited
NO
CO

DA

views, and popular content.

DO

Navigate Project
ND

Projects provide a way to organize the content on your site. Top-level projects can contain other
(nested) projects, forming a hierarchy that you navigate like the file system on your computer.
RE

When you open a project, you see all of the content that project contains on a single page, including
RT

any nested projects, workbooks, data sources, and flows.

BE
CY

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 33

To see only specific content types, click the Content type drop-down menu and de-select the content
types you don't want to see. You can select the Show workbooks as views option to see all of the
individual views within a workbook displayed on the project page.

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Navigate Workbook

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A workbook page shows the views included in the workbook and the data sources used by the
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workbook. It also provides a list of user subscriptions to either the workbook or to individual views.
ID
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NO
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Navigate Views
A view page displays options for interacting with the view, including sharing, subscribing, and editing.
The options available in the toolbar vary depending on the site configuration and your permissions.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 34

 AL

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When a workbook is published from Tableau Desktop with the Show sheets as tabs option selected,
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you can see each sheet by clicking the tabs above the view title.
NF

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NO
CO

DA
DO

ND

Note: The 12 most recent views you have visited appear on your Recents page.
RE

Navigate Data Source

RT

A data source page shows data connections and the workbooks connected to the data source. If the
data source is an extract, the page also shows scheduled extract refreshes.
BE

You can use Ask Data to investigate your data, right from the data source page. Type a question and
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instantly get a visualization as an answer.

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To see data source type and authentication details, from the Show as menu, select Connections.

Navigate Flows
A flow page allows you to schedule flows to run automatically to update flow output data. To see and
work with flows in Tableau Server, you must have the Data Management package included with your
Tableau Server installation, and Tableau Prep Conductor must be enabled.
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View content as list or grid

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In list view:

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•
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indicates a project
ID

• indicates a workbook
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• indicates a view
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NO

• indicates a published data source

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• indicates a flow
DO

ND

And here's the grid view:

RE
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In grid view, you can hover over thumbnails to see details about the items.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 37

Sort Content
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Y
To sort items, click the Sort by drop-down menu. You can sort by characteristics such as name, owner,

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number of views, and creation date.

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This example shows the sort options for number of page views.
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You can also sort a list by clicking the column heading. An arrow indicates the order: ascending (up
arrow) or descending (down arrow).

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 38

Identify and navigate sites
Each site on Tableau Server and Tableau Online has a name and an ID.

On Tableau Server, if only one site exists, that site is named Default. When you’re signed in to the
Default site, the browser URL looks something like this:

https://server-name/#/projects

If you have access to multiple sites, you select one when you sign in.

On Tableau Online or an instance of Tableau Server running multiple sites, the browser URL includes
#/site/ followed by the site ID. If the URL doesn't include /site, then you’re signed in to the Default
site.

The following URL shows an on-premises Tableau Server site whose site ID is finance:

https://localhost/#/site/finance/views
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Y
Connect to Data and Create Workbook

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Before you can create a new workbook and build a view on the web to analyze your data on the web,

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you need to connect to your data. Tableau supports connecting to data sources on the web published
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through Tableau Desktop, or, connecting to data directly through Tableau Online or Tableau Server.
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Note: Data connections created in Tableau Online or Tableau Server are live connections only. If you
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need to use an extract for web authoring, you can publish your data source through Tableau Desktop.
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To publish through Tableau Desktop

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To create a new workbook, sign into Tableau Online or Tableau Server.

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From the Explore page, select Create > Workbook.

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A Connect to Data window opens, which contains several tabs: Files, Connectors, On this Site, and, if
you’re connected to Tableau Online, Dashboard Starters.

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As a Creator, you can create a new workbook or add a new data source to an existing workbook in
several ways:

• Upload Excel or text-based data from the Files tab

• Connect to server or cloud data with Connectors
• Connect to published data sources with On This Site
• On Tableau Online, quickly author and analyze data from Oracle Eloqua, Salesforce,
ServiceNow ITSM, and QuickBooks Online from the Dashboard Starters tab

Connect to Files

Tableau supports uploading Excel or text-based data sources (.xlsx, .csv, .tsv) directly in your browser.
In the Files tab of the Connect to Data window, connect to an Excel or text file by dragging and
dropping it into the field or clicking "Upload from computer."

When Tableau successfully connects to your data, the Data Source page opens so that you can prepare
the data for analysis and begin building your view.
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Use connectors

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From the Connectors tab, you can connect to data housed in a cloud database or on a server in your

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enterprise. You need to supply connection information for each data connection that you make. For
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example, for most data connections, you need to supply a server name and your sign-in information.
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To create workbook from published data source you can easily do the following steps:
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• Sign in to a site on Tableau Online or Tableau Server.

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• Either open the project that contains the data source you want to use, or show All Data
Sources.
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• Click the … next to the data source name to open the actions menu, then click New Workbook.
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• A new, blank workbook opens in the Tableau Server web editing environment.
• To Save you can click File > Save or File > Save As to save in another name

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 3. Connecting to Data

This module contains the following:

Creating a Live Data Connection

Reshape Data View
Saving and Editing a Data Source
Sharing a Data Source
Understanding Changes to Data

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Creating a Live Data Connection
Tableau Desktop allows you to connect live to nearly any data source.
During the process of creating a data connection, you’ll use the Data Source
page. The Data Source page appears after you select a file, Server, or Saved
data source on the Start page.

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To Create a Live Data Connection to a Single Table:

1) Open Tableau Desktop, On the Tableau Start Page, select the appropriate data option.
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2) Do one of the following:

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If you want to: Do this

Connect to a File Under To a File, choose the file type, and browse to the file.
Connect to a Server Under To a Server, choose the server type.
Connect to a saved data Under Saved Data Source, choose the saved data source.
source

3) Under Sheets, double-click the table you want to connect to, or click and drag it to the white area
labeled Drag sheets here.
Note that in the upper area of the window toward the right, under Connection Live is
automatically selected.
4) At the bottom of the screen, click the sheet under Go to Worksheet.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 42

Reshape Data Views
Sometimes, analyzing data that is stored in a crosstab format can be difficult in Tableau and sometimes
we need to reshape the data views so it will be easier to analyze. Theres feature in Tableau that can
provide it is pivot and split.
1. Pivot
Sometimes, analyzing data that is stored in a crosstab format can be difficult in Tableau. When
working with this type of data, you can pivot your data from crosstab format into columnar format.
For example, suppose you have the number of devices sold by quarter for three vendors in three
separate fields. You can pivot your data so that the vendor is in one field and the number of
devices sold is in another field.

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➢ After you have set up the data source, in the grid, select two or more columns. Click the drop-
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down arrow next to the column name, and then select Pivot. New columns called "Pivot field
names" and "Pivot field values" are created and added to the data source. The new columns
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replace the original columns that you selected to create the pivot.
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Note: Pivot is available only for Microsoft Excel, text file, Google Sheets, and .pdf data sources.
Or, if you are not working with the types of data listed, you can use custom SQL as an alternative
way to pivot your data in Tableau

➢ To add more data to the pivot, select another column, click the drop-down arrow next to the
column name, and then select Add Data to Pivot. Make sure that the pivot columns and values
look as expected before you begin your analysis.

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 AL

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To remove a pivot, click the drop-down arrow next to the name of a pivot column, and then
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2. Split or Custom Split

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Sometimes, it is easier to analyze a string fields if its values are separated into multiple fields. Use
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the Split and Custom Split commands to split string values from one field into multiple fields.
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After you have set up the data source, you can have Tableau automatically split the field based on
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a common separator or do a custom split of a field by specifying the common separator and the
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number of fields. Or, if you have mixed separators in that field, you can use Additional function
like REGEX_REPLACE, REGEX_MATCH, etc.
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To use Split, click the drop-down of the column you want to split, and select Split. On the data
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source window, two columns display next to the split column OR in the Data pane, the split
dimension displays as two fields.
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 AL

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Split dimension (using Split or Custom Split) are calculated fields. They have the same
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characteristics and limitations of calculated fields:

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➢ They are materialized in extracts.

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➢ They can be used for blends, but cannot be used for joins.
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➢ They are not available for Pivot / Unpivot functionally.

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Use the Custom Split option when the column split you need is more complex, or when you want
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more control over how the column is separated. You can access Custom Split on the same menu
as Split.
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1. In the preview area, click the drop-down arrow next to the column name of the column you
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want to split. Select Custom Split.

2. In the Custom Split dialog box, specify the
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following:
• In the Use the separator box, enter the
separator by which to separate the values
in the field. The separator can be a
character or a combination of characters
or phrases.
• Under Split off, select whether to split the
string values for every instance (All) of the separator, the first (First) n instances of the
separator, or the last n instances (Last) of the separator.
• Enter the number of fields you want to generate from the split.
Saving and Editing a Data Source
A Tableau data source is a file you can use to save any data attributes you have edited for a connected
data source. For example, if you move a field from Measures to Dimensions, change a field’s alias, or
modify its default properties, your changes are saved in the data source (as a .tds file type) even when
the underlying database or spreadsheet is updated.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 45

Saved data sources also include parameters, calculated fields, groups, hierarchies, bins or sets you
have created.
Why Save a Data Source ?
If you modify data attributes or add calculations to your workbook make your analysis easier, saving
the data source means you don’t have to make those changes repeatedly across workbooks. You can
connect to your saved data source, and you can also share it others in your organization.
Create a Tableau Data Source (.tds) File
You can save the .tds file in two ways :
To Do This
Save the file locally for personal On the Data menu, select the connection you want to
use create as a data source, and choose Add to Saved Data
Sources. Changes in the data source are not inherited.
Export to Tableau Server for work On the Data menu, select the connection you want to share,
group sharing and choose Publish to Server. Subsequent workbooks can
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inherit the data source changes.

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The data source (.tds) file doesn’t contain data from your underlying source.
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Sharing a Data Source

If you have Tableau Server, you can share a data source connection file (.tds file) with other users.
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i. On the Data menu, select the data source you want to share, and choose Publish to Server.
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ii. Name the data source → close the existing file → open a new workbook and connect to the
Shared Data Connection you just created.
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iii. Do one of the following :

To Do this
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Save the file locally for personal On the Data menu, select the connection you want to
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use create as a data source, and choose Add to Saved Data

Sources. There is no inheritance for data changes.
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To Do this
Create a local copy for editing from If you have access to a data source on Tableau Server, on
a file that is shared on Tableau the Data menu, right click on the Server connection, and
Server choose Create Local Copy. This requires that you save a
.tdsx file locally.
Publish to Tableau Server for work 1. On the Data menu, select the connection you want to
group sharing share, and choose Publish to Server.
2. You may choose to overwrite the existing Data Source
with the same exact name, or create a new source.
Subsequent workbooks can inherit data source
changes.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 46

Understanding Changes to Data
When the underlying data for your visualization changes, your visualization may be affected in
different ways depending on how you connect to the data in Tableau and depending on what changes
are taking place in the underlying data.
Impact of Data Connection Type
If you are using a live data connection, changes to the underlying data will be reflected when you
open the visualization or refresh the data connection in a visualization that is already open. However
if you are using a Tableau Extract, changes made to the underlying data are not reflected in the
visualization until you refresh the extract.
To refresh a Data Connection
Right click the data connection in the Data pane and click Refresh.

Connecting Data in Tableau Online / Server

When you sign into your Tableau site and select New Workbook, the data connectors that are available
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to you are shown when you're in the Connect to Data window. You can upload files using the Files tab,

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connect to server or cloud data sources with Connectors, or use published data sources with on this

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Site. If you're signed into Tableau Online, Dashboard Starters are also available.
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Connect Data on the web

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Before you can create a new workbook and build a view on the web to analyze your data on the web,
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you need to connect to your data. Tableau supports connecting to data sources on the web published
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through Tableau Desktop, or, connecting to data directly through Tableau Online or Tableau Server.
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To create a new workbook, sign into Tableau Online or Tableau Server.

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In the Content tab, do either of the following:

✓ Go to the Projects section, select a project, and select New Workbook.

✓ Go to the Workbooks section and select New Workbook.

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A Connect to Data window opens, which contains several tabs: Files, Connectors, On this Site, and, if
you’re connected to Tableau Online, Dashboard Starters.

As a Creator, you can create a new workbook or add a new data source to an existing workbook in
several ways:

• Upload Excel or text-based data from the Files tab

• Connect to server or cloud data with Connectors
• Connect to published data sources with On This Site
• On Tableau Online, quickly author and analyze data from Oracle Eloqua, Salesforce,
ServiceNow ITSM, and QuickBooks Online from the Dashboard Starters tab

Tableau supports uploading Excel or text-based data sources (.xlsx, .csv, .tsv) directly in your browser.
In the Files tab of the Connect to Data window, connect to an Excel or text file by dragging and
dropping it into the field or clicking "Upload from computer."

Once you've connect to data in Tableau Online or Tableau Server, you can use the Data Source page
to set up your data source and prepare your data for analysis. Having data that is formatted in a way
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Tableau likes is crucial to building a view or doing analysis in Tableau, and communicating the right

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information to the right people.

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Note on keeping your data fresh: If you connect to a published flat file (Excel or text), that data will
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not be refreshed even if it’s modified. If your data is in an on-premises server and is published to the
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web through Tableau Desktop, it will be rendered as an extract and won’t be refreshed. If you need
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to keep data published through Tableau Desktop fresh on the web, you can use Tableau Bridge.
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Data Source Page

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There are four parts of the data source page:

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A. Left pane
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Displays details about your data connection. For example, for Excel-based data, the left pane
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shows your Excel workbook name, and sheets contained in that workbook. For databases, the
left pane displays the server, the database or schema, and tables in the database.
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B. Canvas
When connected to most relational and file-based data, you can drag one or more tables to
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the canvas area to join tables for analysis. In the canvas, you can also join tables from the
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same or multiple data sources

C. Data grid
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You can use the data grid to review or rename fields, create calculations, preview your
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changes, and more.

D. Metadata grid
Select the metadata grid button to see the fields in your data source as rows. This view is
helpful in understanding the structure of your data source.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 49

Connect to Files
Tableau supports uploading Excel or text-based data sources (.xlsx, .csv, .tsv) directly in your browser.
In the Files tab of the Connect to Data window, connect to an Excel or text file by dragging and
dropping it into the field or clicking "Upload from computer." When Tableau successfully connects to
your data, the Data Source page opens so that you can prepare the data for analysis and begin building
your view.

Use Connector
From the Connectors tab, you can connect to data housed in a cloud database or on a server in your
enterprise. You need to supply connection information for each data connection that you make. For
example, for most data connections, you need to supply a server name and your sign-in information.
Supported connectors for Tableau Online and Tableau Server are:

Tableau Online connectors:

• Amazon Aurora • MemSQL

• Amazon • Microsoft Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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• RedShift •

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Microsoft SQL Server

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• Box • OneDrive
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• Denodo • Oracle

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• Dropbox •
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PostgreSQL
• Exasol •
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Snowflake
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• Google BigQuery • Tableau Data Server (single connections)

• Google Cloud SQL • Vertica
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• Google Drive
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Tableau Server connectors:

• Actian Matrix* •
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MarkLogic*
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• IBM BigInsights • MemSQL

• OneDrive • Microsoft Azure SQL Data
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• Amazon Aurora • Warehouse

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• Amazon Redshift • Microsoft SQL Server

• Box • MonetDB*
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• Denodo* • MySQL
• Dropbox •
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Oracle
• Exasol • Pivotal Greenplum Database
• Google • PostgreSQL
• BigQuery • SAP Sybase ASE*
• Google Cloud • SAP Sybase IQ*
• SQL • Snowflake
• Google Drive • Tableau Data Server (single connections)
• IBM DB2 • Terradata Machine Learning Agent (Aster)*
• IBM PDA (Netezza)* • Vertica
• MariaDB
*Not available on Linux servers.

Supported Connectors has information on how to connect Tableau to each of these connector types
to set up your data source. If the connector you need doesn't appear in the Connectors tab, you can
connect to data through Tableau Desktop and publish your data source to Tableau Online or Tableau
Server for web authoring.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 50

Connect to “On this site”
Tableau supports connecting to published data saved to your site with the On this Site tab. If you or
another user has saved a data source or published to the web through Tableau Desktop, it will appear
in Tableau Online or Tableau Server as a published data source. When Tableau successfully connects
to your data, the Data Source page opens so that you can prepare the data for analysis and begin
building your view

Dashboard Starters
Dashboard Starters help you quickly author and analyze data from cloud-based systems like
Salesforce, ServiceNow ITSM, Oracle Eloqua, and Marketo. Simply create a new workbook and choose
from several beautiful, informative designs that are tailor-made for key business metrics.
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Practice: Creating a Local Data Connection
Connect to a data source and edit some data attributes. Save those changes locally so you won’t need
to make those changes again during future analysis. Then, create a visualization and export it as a
picture so you can share your analysis in a presentation.

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Create the Connection

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1. Open Creating_a_Local_Data_Connection_Starter.twbx
2. Connect to the Orders table in the Data Connection Practice.xls file in the Data folder of the USB.

Changes Data Attributes

1. Open Sheet 1, and in the Data pane, rename the Row field to Row ID.
2. Change Row ID from a Measure to a Dimension.
❖ Using right-click on Row ID and select Convert to Dimension
3. Rename Global Area field to Country, and assign this field a geographic role of Country/Region.
❖ Rename field: Right-click on Global Area then select Rename.
❖ Change into Geographic Role: Right-click on Country then select Geographic Role >
Country/Region.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 52

4. Change the Default Properties of both Profit and Sales field to Currency with 0 decimal places.
❖ Change Currency Format: Right-click on Profit and Sales, select Default Properties > Number
of Format > Currency (Custom).
5. Change the Default Properties of the Discount field to use the Average aggregation, and use
Percentage with 1 decimal place. Add a comment for the Discount field to read “Average Discount
Percentage”.
❖ Change Aggregation: Right-click on Discount, select Default Properties > Aggregation >
Average.
❖ Change Decimal Place: Right-click on Discount, select Default Properties > Number of Format >
Percentage.
❖ Add Comment: Right-click on Discount, select Default Properties > Comment > Add comment
“Average Discount Percentage”.
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Saved Data Source and Test Connection

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1. Add Orders (Data Connection Practice) to Saved Data Sources as “My Superstore” and ensure it
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is saved in the My Tableau Repository folder, in the Data Source folder.

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❖ Right-click on Data Pane and choose Add to Saved Data Source.

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❖ Locate the path into directory My Documents > My Tableau Repository > Data Source.
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❖ Save the data source with “My Superstore”

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2. Close the current workbook and then open a new workbook. Under Connect to Data select the
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new “My Superstore” data source, and observe the data attribute changes that were saved.
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Create a Visualization
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1. Create a Bar Chart showing the average Discount by Category and Sub-Category.
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❖ From Dimension, drag and drop Category and Sub-Category to Rows.

❖ From Measure, drag and drop Discount to Columns.
2. From Measure, drag Profit to Color on the Marks card.
3. Observe the Discount and Profit are displayed with the saved attribute changes.

Share as an Image

1. Export the worksheet as a.jpeg or .png

❖ Export Worksheet: On Worksheet Menu Bar, select Export > Image.

Insert the image into a program such as Microsoft Power Point or Word.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 53

 4. Simplifying and Sorting your Data

This module contains the following:

Data Filtering
Sorting

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Data Filtering
Using filters narrows the data shown in a view to focus on relevant information. Filters options vary
by field type (Dimension, Measure, Date Dimension). After you create a filter, all filtered fields display
on the Filters shelf in the worksheet. Use this to identify which ata is included in or excluded from the
view.

Filter on a Dimension
The Filter dialog box for dimensions has several filter option tabs.

Filter Option Description

General Shows members of the dimensions you can select for inclusion or exclusion.
Wildcard Sets up a wildcard inclusion or exclusion of members matching the value
entered.
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Condition Filters values based on specific conditions. Can be determined by fields, range
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of values, or formula.
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Top Filters by top “N”. where N is determined by the value of specified fields or by
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formula. For example, top 10 cities by Profit. This tab can also be used to show
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only the bottom N.

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These filters are cumulative, meaning the settings you choose on each tab affect the others using
“AND” logic. For example, if you filter Region dimension to include only West (on General tab), and
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then add conditions for a Top 10 filter (on Top tab), you see Top-10 data for the West only.
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Filter on a Dimension in Web

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When you drag a dimension from the Data pane to the Filters shelf in web authoring, an interactive
filter appears in the view.

You can then select the items you want to include or exclude in the view.

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Filter on a Measure
Use measure filters to show only the values that meet your filter criteria. For example, you could apply
a filter for Sales that displays only the values above, below, or within a specified range, such as sales
greater than $500,000, sales less than $500,000 , or sales between $500,000 and $2,000,000.

Filter Option Description

Range of Values Include all values within the specified range.

At Least Include all values above a specified range.

At Most Include all values below a specified range.

Special Set filter for null or non-null values.

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Filter on a Measure in Web

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When you drag a measure from the Data pane, to the Filters shelf in web authoring, the field is
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automatically aggregated as a SUM and an interactive filter appears in the view.

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To change the aggregation of the filter:

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•
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On the Filters shelf, right-click the field, select Measure, and then select an aggregation.
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To change the type of quantitative filter in the view:

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• Click the filter card drop-down and select from the following:
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Range of Values: Select the Range of Values option to specify the minimum and maximum
values of the range to include in the view. The values you specify are included in the range.
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At Least: Select the At Least option to include all values that are greater than or equal to a
specified minimum value. This type of filter is useful when the data changes often so specifying
an upper limit may not be possible.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 56

 At Most: Select the At Most option to include all values that are less than or equal to a
specified maximum value. This type of filter is useful when the data changes often so
specifying a lower limit may not be possible.

Creating Date Filters

Use a date filter to filter a data subset for a specific date or time criteria. You can filters dates for a
specific range of dates or for discreate date/time.
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Add a Date Filter

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1. Drag a date field to the Filters shelf.

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2. In the Filter Field dialog box, select the type of date filter you want to use.
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Discrete
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Dates & Times

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Use Relative Dates to update data dynamically with time. For example, set your filter to show
data for 3 months before or after the current date. The data shown in your view updates daily.
Use Range of Dates filter to specify a span of time. You can also specify a starting or ending date.
You can create filters for Discreate dates and times like: Years, Quarters, Months, Days, Weekdays,
etc.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 57

Creating Date Filter in Web

When you drag a date field from the Data pane to the Filters shelf in web authoring, a date range filter
appears in the view.

To change the type of filter, click the filter card drop-down and select from the following:

• Relative Date: Click Relative dates to define a range of dates that updates based on the date
and time you open the view.

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• Range of Dates: Select Range of dates to define a fixed range of dates to filter
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• Start Date: Select Start date to define a fixed start date to filter on.
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• End Date : Select End date to define a fixed end date to filter on.

• Browse Periods: Select browse periods to select a period of time to filter by, such as one day,
one week, one month, one year, five years, etc.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 58

Practice: Filtering
You have a view that shows sales data for all of your inventory. Add filters to the view in order to only
show information for the selected market and within a range of the sum of sales.

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Direction:
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1. Open Filtering_Starter.twbx
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2. Create Visualization:
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❖ From Measure, drag and drop Sales to Rows.

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❖ From Dimension, drag and drop Customer Segment and Department to Columns.
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❖ From Measure, drag and drop Profit to Color on the Marks card, and change the color palette
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to Orange Blue Diverging.

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3. Create a filter for Region and Show the Filter by click an arrow of the Region on the Filter card,
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displayed as single value list, removing the All option, and titled “Select a Region”.
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4. Create a filter for Sum of Sales, displayed as s slider.

Experiment with the sliders and notice the “AND” logic being used. The results shown are those that
match criteria of both filters.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 59

Sorting
Tableau has multiple methods for sorting data in views, including computed sorts and manual sorts.

Computed Sorts

A computed sort sets the sort order option and changes dynamically as the data changes. There are
several types of computed sorts.

Sort Description

Default The default sort order determines how a field will be sorted
when it is first to a view. You can set the default sort order to
either ascending or descending order, as well as control
whether it is sorted alphabetically, by data source order, or
even by a specified manual sort.
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Right-click sorting on a Performed on dimensions in a visualization, this sort option

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dimension appears when right-clicking a dimension. This type of sort
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overrides the default sort, and can sort any aggregation on any

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data field. It is also dynamic – the sort order is modified as data

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changes.
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One-click sorting on an axis Use the toolbar icons for ascending and descending. Or hover
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over an axis and click the sorting icon when it appears. This sort
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overrides the default sort and is dynamic.

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Manual Sorts
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Manual sorts are an easy way to sort data quickly, but they are not dynamic.
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Sort Description
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Drag and Drop sorting Apply by dragging headers or labels in a view and dropping them in a
new place. This sort is not dynamic (changes in filters or data do not
change the sort order) and only applies to the sort field member of a
single dimension.

Sorting on selected Click and drag to select the marks in a view that you want to sort, and
marks then hover over the marks and choose the Sort icon that appears in
the Tooltip. This sort overrides the default sort and is not dynamic.

Sort data on an axis

A quick way to sort data is to use the sort buttons on an axis. To do so:
1. In a worksheet, hover over a viz axis.

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 2. Click the sort icon that appears.
One click sorts the data in ascending order. Two clicks sorts it in descending
order. Three clicks clears the sort.

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The sort will update correctly if the underlying data changes.

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Sort specific fields in the viz

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To sort a specific field in the visualization:

ND

1. In a worksheet, right-click (control-click on Mac) the field you want to sort and select Sort.
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Note: You can only sort dimensions.

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2. In the Sort dialog box that opens, do the following:

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o For Sort order, select one of the following options:

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▪ Ascending - sorts the data in ascending order from lowest to highest or least
to most.
▪ Descending - sorts the data in descending order from highest to lowest or
most to least.
o For Sort by, select one of the following options:
▪ Data source order - the order that the data source naturally orders the data.
Generally for relational data sources, this tends to be in alphabetical order—
more specifically, in natural sort order, which is identical to alphabetical
order, except that multi-digit numbers are ordered as a single character. So,
for example, in alphabetical sorting, "z11" comes before "z2" because "1" is

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 61

 evaluated as being smaller than "2", whereas in natural sorting "z2" comes
before "z11" because "2" is evaluated as being smaller than "11".
If you are using a cube, this order is the defined hierarchal order of the
members within a dimension.
▪ Alphabetic - sorts the data alphabetically.
Note: This sort is case sensitive. It will sort [A-Z] before [a-z].

To create a non-case sensitive sort, create a calculated field using

the UPPER() or LOWER() functions to transform your strings into a consistent
case.
▪ Field - sorts the data based on values in another field. For example, you can
select to sort by the Sales field, using the average aggregation.
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▪ Manual - allows you to manually sort the data in the order you prefer. For
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example, if you want to sort high school years in order: Freshman,

AD
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Sophomore, Junior, Senior.

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3. When finished, click OK.

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The visualization updates with the new sorting.

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DO

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Sort data using the toolbar
You can quickly sort data in ascending or descending order using the toolbar. To do so:
• In a worksheet, on the toolbar located just above the Columns shelf, click the Descending
sort icon to sort data from highest/most to lowest/least, or the Ascending icon to sort data
from lowest/least to highest/most.

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Create a nested sort

BE

With the release of Tableau Desktop 2018.2, you can now create a nested sort without any additional
CY

calculated fields or combined dimensions.

Suppose you are looking at sales sub-categories for all regions in your country. In the view below, you
can see that the Central region sells more products in the Chairs subcategory than any other
subcategory. However it's harder to compare how Chairs ranked in other regions.

To see which subcategories ranked the highest in each region, you might want to sort the
subcategories within each region instead. You can do this with nested sorting.

Set up the view

1. In Tableau Desktop, open a new workbook and connect to the Sample Superstore data source
that comes with Tableau.
2. Navigate to a new worksheet.
3. From Measures, drag Sales to the Columns shelf.
4. From Dimensions, drag Region to the Rows shelf.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 63

 5. From Dimensions, drag Sub-Category to the Rows shelf, to the right of the Region field.

Create a nested sort using the header

On the worksheet, hover over a viz axis.

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Click the sort icon that appears at the top of the view.
One click sorts the data in ascending order. Two clicks sorts it in descending order. Three clicks clears
the sort.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 64

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Now you have a nested sort where the subcategories are listed in descending order of sum of sales
within each region. You can see that Chairs are the highest selling subcategory in the Central region,
but in the East region, Phones are the best selling product; Chairs are the second-best selling product.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 65

Practice: Sorting
You currently have a view that shows sales broken down by department and category.
View One
Sort the data in order to make it easier to compare your sales within category. Manually change the
order of the department so you can keep an eye on Technology sales.
Open Sorting_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:

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View Two
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Starting with a duplicate of the first worksheet, use color and a computed sort to compare the sum of
DO

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prpofit for the category.

RE
RT
BE
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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 66

Direction:
1. On the View One :
• Use following steps to create a view :
➢ From Measure, drag Sales to Columns.
➢ From Dimension, drag Department to Rows.
➢ From Dimension, drag Category to Rows (place it to the right of Department).
• Create a manual Default Sort for Department with values ordered by Technology, Office
Supplies and Furniture
• Sort Category by SUM(Sales) in descending order.
2. On the View Two:
• Duplicate the View One to create View Two.
• Color encode the bars by Profit by Dragging Profit to Color Marks Card
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• Edit the color palette to Red-Green Diverging.
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• Edit the sort applied to Category so field selected is sum of Profit.
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EN

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 5. Organizing Your Data
This module contains the following:

Using Groups

Creating and Using Hierarchies

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 68

Using Groups
Groups are useful for simplifying the display data when working with large numbers of dimension
members. Adding a group creates a new dimension with grouped members.

Create a Group from the View

1. CTRL + click to select several dimension labels in the view and then click Group icon. You can find
the Group icon on the toolbar, within the tooltip or by right – clicking. The new group appears in
the Data pane.

Toolbar

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Tooltip
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2. If you want to add or remove group members, in the Data pane, right-click the new group, choose
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Edit Group, and edit the members.

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 69

Creating and Using Hierarchies
Database commonly organize data into hierarchies. Using Tableau, you can manually generate a
hierarchical structure in your Data pane for any dimension.

Using Drag and Drop Using Context (Right-Click) Menu

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Practice: Creating Groups and Hierarchies
You currently have a view that displays sales broken down by product sub-category. Create a group to
compare the sales of desk supplies with other products in the same category. Then, create a product
hierarchy to drill up and down so you can quickly compare sales by Department, Category (group), and
Category.

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Direction:
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Open Creating_Groups_and_Hierarchies_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following

DO

specification:
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1. On the worksheet, create a group from the following items in Category: Envelopes, Rubber Bands,
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and Labels, and edit the alias for the new group as “Desk Supplies”.
RT

Hint : Right click on Category then click Create -- Group

BE

2. Create Hierarchy called “Products” in the Data pane organized as follows: Department, Category
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(Group), Category, Item.

3. Drag the new hierarchy to the far left or Rows.
4. In the view, drill down to Category (group) and Category.
5. From Measures drag Sales to the Columns.
6. Sort Category (group) as descending by SUM(Sales).

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 71

Practice: Creating Visual Grouping
You currently have a view that displays sales broken down by product category. Use color to create
visual groups so that you can quickly see certain products in the view

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Direction:
Open Creating_Visual_Grouping_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following
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specification:
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1. Create a group from the following items in Category:

DO

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Desk Supplies: Envelopes, Rubber Bands, and Labels.

Office Machines: Appliances, Computer Peripherals, Office Furnishings, Office Machines.
RE

Others: All others category

RT

2. Create Visualization:
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➢ From Dimension, drag Category to Rows.

CY

➢ From Measure, drag Sales to Columns.

➢ From Dimension, drag Category (Group) into Colour Marks.

Sort Category as descending by SUM(Sales).

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 72

 6. Slicing Your Data by Date
This module contains the following:

Working with Dates in Tableau

Using Discrete Date Parts
Creating Custom Dates

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 73

Working with Dates in Tableau
For relational data source, Tableau automatically places dates and times in
the Dimensions area of the Data pane. Date/time fields are identified by the
date and time icon as shown below.

Note : Date hierarchies and attributes in OLAP (or cubes) are defined when
the cube is created, and you cannot modify them in Tableau.

When you place a date on a shelf, the default field name reflects the highest date level in your data.

Understanding and Using Discrete and Continues Dates

Continuous dates represent the chronological progression of time.
When you add a continuous date/time dimension to a view,
Tableau creates an axis as a timeline. Use continuous dates when
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Y
you want to show your data organized along a timeline, from the

EM
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first data point in time to the last data point in time.

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EN

AC
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In contrast, when a discreate date dimension is added to the view,

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Tableau organizes the dates as discrete parts, independent of

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linier time, and creates a header. Use discrete dates to show your
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data organized by date units, such as aggregated data for all

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Novembers over several years.

ND
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These different time behaviors create different views. If the

date/time attributes of your view do not seem right for your data, you might need to change your
RT

date dimension to discrete or continuous.

BE
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Using Discrete Date Parts

You can move discrete date parts to different shelves or to a nonlinear order.

Reorder the Date Hierarchy

You can order discrete dates

according to any hierarchy that
produces the views you need. The
view below shows Quarter before
Year of Order Date, which allows a
user to analyze quarterly sales trends
over years.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 74

Practice: Discrete and Continuous Dates
Discrete Months View

Create a bar chart to show the aggregation of sales by month of the order date. Use your
visualization to determine the total sales for all years in a specific month.

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Direction for Discrete Months View:

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Open Discrete_and_Continuous_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following

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specification:
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1. Create a view for Discrete Dates:

RT

From Measure, drag Sales to Rows

From Dimension, drag Order Date to Columns
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2. Change the chart type to Bar. (Hint: Use Marks card)

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3. Right click the Order Date on Columns and select the discrete month format.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 75

Continuous Months View

On Sheet 2, create a line chart to show sales for each month of the order date in a continuous time
line. Use your visualization to see highs and lows for sales over time and determine sales for a
particular month and year.

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Direction for Continuous Months View:

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Using Sheet2 of Discrete_and_Continuous_Starter.twbx to create a view according to the following

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specification:
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1. Create a view for Discrete Dates:

RT

From Measure, drag Sales to Rows

BE

From Dimension, drag Order Date to Columns

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2. Change the chart type to Line. (Hint: Use Marks card)

Right click the Order Date on Columns and select the continuous month format.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 76

Creating Custom Dates
Custom dates are calculated date parts you can save in the Data pane, and can be discrete (Date Part)
or continuous (Date Value). Create a custom date so you can save and reuse the custom date part or
value without having to override the default behavior for each use of the date.

Using custom dates also breaks the automatic date hierarchy Tableau creates and allows for each field
to represent just itself – similar to a DATETRUNC ( ) function.

Create a Custom Date

i. In the Data pane, right-click on the date field you want to use for the custom date, point to
Create, and then select Custom Date.
ii. In the Create Custom Date dialog box, in the Name field, give the new custom date field a
meaningful name.
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iii. From the Detail drop-down list, select the date type you want to use.
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iv. Choose Date Part to set the date as discrete, and Date Value to set the date as continuous.
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Practice: Custom Dates

NO
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Practice creating custom dates, then build a hierarchy to control and simplify your view so you only
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see sales by the date parts you need for more efficient analysis
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Continuous Custom Date

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 77

Direction:

Open Custom_Date_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:

1. On the sheet named Continuous Quarters, create a custom date with a value of quarters, and
name it “Order Date (Continuous Quarters)”. Use custom continuous dates are shown in quarters.
Hint : Right click on Order Date then create custom date
2. Drag the newly Order Date (Continuous Quarters) to Columns.
3. Uses a line chart of sales by order date.

Discrete Custom Date

Create a bar chart that shows sales by order date using a custom discrete date in quarters.
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Direction:
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1. On the sheet named Discrete Quarters, create a custom date with a value of quarters, change to
Date Part, and name it “Order Date (Discrete Quarters)”. Hint : Right click on Order Date then
Create > Custom Date
2. Remove the date field on the columns shelf, and drag this new field to Columns.
3. Change the mark type to Bar.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 78

Discrete Year to Quarters Hierarchy

Create a bar chart that shows sales by order date using a custom discrete date hierarchy of years to
quarters.

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Direction:
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1. On the sheet named Year to Quarter Custom Date Hierarchy, create a custom date with a value
NO
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of years, change to Date Part, and name it “Order Date (Discrete Years)”.
Hint : Right click on Order Date then create custom date
DO

ND

2. Drag the Order Date (Discrete Quarters) to the custom years date field Order Date (Discrete
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Years) to create a hierarchy named “Order Date (Discrete Years to Quarters)” and drag to the
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view.
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Change the mark type to Bar.

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 79

 7. Using Multiple Measures in a View
This module contains the following:

Using Multiple Measure Values and Measure Names

Combined or Shared Axis Charts
Creating Dual Axis Charts

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Using Measure Values and Measure Names in a View
Measure values and measure names are Tableau generated fields that serve as containers for more
than one measure. You can see Measure Names at the bottom of the list of Dimensions and Measure
Values at the bottom of the Measures list in the data pane.

When you create a combined axis or dual axis view, these fields appear in the view automatically, as
does a Measure Values card that shows what fields are included.

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In the above crosstab, adding both the Sales and Profit fields to the view invoked the Measure Values
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and Measure Names fields.

Combined or Shared Axis Charts

Combined (or “shared”) axis charts have more than one measure (multiple measure) on the same axis
and highlights the relationship between measures. Which is useful for viewing multiple measures on
the same scale.

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• Drag a Measure to Rows

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• Drag a second measure on to the vertical axis, droping it when you see the light green double-
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bar icon.
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• Drag a dimension to Columns.

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• To create a view similar to the example, drag an additional instance of Measure Names from
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Columns to Color on the Marks card, and edit the colors as required.
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Practice: Combined Axis Chart
Create a bar chart broken down by Segment and Category that shows Profit and Sales on the same
axis. Use your chart to compare measures within dimensions.

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TI

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EN

Direction:
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CO
ID

Open Combined_Axis_Charts_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following

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specification:
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DA

1. Create a view:
DO

ND

➢ From Measure, drag Sales to Rows.

RE

➢ From Dimension, drag Department to Rows.

RT

➢ From Dimension, drag Customer Segment to Columns.

➢ From Measure, drag Profit to Existing Sales (vertical) axis.
BE

Note: Drop Profit when the mouse icon changes to a double ruler.
CY

➢ From Dimension, drag Measure Names to Color on the Marks card.

Rename the “Value” axis to “Dollars”.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 83

Creating Dual Axis Charts
Dual axis charts are useful for showing how to different measures compare to each other and quickly
spot important correlations between the two.

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Dual axis charts use two separate measure axes and a single dimension axis. Use this kind of chart to
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show:
DO

• Two measures with different measurement units, for example, one measure in dollars and another
ND
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measure in number of days.

• Two measure with the same measurement units that you want to display on two different scales.
RT

For example one measure in money using a scale between 0 and 100 and another in money using
BE

a scale of 0 to 1000.
CY

• Two measure with the same measurement units and using the same scale.
• Two measure that you wish to show with diffrenet mark types.

Build a Dual Axis Charts:

1. Drag a measure onto Rows or Columns.
2. Drag another measure onto the view to the opposite
axis – right if the first measure was on Rows, top if it
was on Columns. Drop the field when you see the black
dashed line.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 84

3. If you have two measures that have the same measurement units but you want the scales on the
axto be the same, right-click the axis of the second measure you added, and choose Synchronize
Axis.

Dual Axis Chart with Multiple Mark Types

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When working with a dual axis chart, you can customize the mark type for each distinct measure. A
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dual axis chart with differentiated marks (combo charts) allows you to more easily compare two
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measure, and quickly spot important relationships between the two.

RT

1. Drag one measure to Rows→ Drag a second measure to Rows, next to the first measure.
BE

2. Right – click the measure you dropped in the step before and choose Dual Axis.
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3. Drag dimension to Columns.

Note: you can choose to synchronize the second axis to the first so the values show on the same
scales.
4. On the marks card, change the mark types of the individual measures.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 85

Practice: Dual Axis Chart
Create a dual axis chart with synchronized axes in order to compare sales and profit using different
mark types. Use your chart to analyze the measures over time.

AL

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TI

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EN

AC
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ID

Direction:
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NO

Open Dual_Axis_Charts_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:

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DA

1. Create the following view:

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ND

➢ From Measure, drag Sales to Rows.

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➢ From Dimension, drag Order Date to Columns.

RT

2. Set the YEAR(Order Date) on Columns to continuous month (for example, May 2015).
BE

3. Change the mark type to Bar.

4. Create Dual Axis chart using Profit. Hint : use the opposite axis.
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5. Change the mark type to Line for the newly-created Profit axis.
6. Synchronize the Profit axis to the Sales axis.

Edit the colors so Sales is shown as light gray bars instead of orange.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 86

 8. Showing the Relationship between Numerical Values
This module contains the following:

Showing Correlations and Outlier with Scatter Plots

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Showing Correlations and Outliers with Scatter Plots
A scatter plot is a graph of plotted points used to compare two measures and show patterns across
data sets.

Why Use a Scatter Plot?

To answer questions about relationships between variables:

• What is the correlation between sales and profits?

• What is the relationship between wind and topography during wildfire season?
To see data that deviates from the primary trend (outliers):
• Which products have low sales but high profits?
• Are there years with low rainfaill but low incidences of wildfires?
What are Correlations?
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A correlation is the statistical relationship between values. When you view a scatter plot, look for
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three types of correlations:
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Correlation Type Description

Positive High or low values in the variables show similar trends.

Negative High or low values in the variables show opposing trends.

No relation Values in the variable show no relationship.

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Outliers
Outliers are values that appear to diverge from the trend. Scatter plots are a very effective
visualization technique for seeing outliers.

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What should I do with outliers?

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You could do one of the following:

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To Do the following
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Exclude the outliers from your view CTRL+click and hover over the marks to select
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Exclude on the Tooltip menu.

ND

Call out the outliers in using an annotation Right-click and select Annotate, then choose
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Mark. You can update the tooltip as needed.

RT
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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 89

Practice: Marketing Expenses Scatter Plot
Use Marketing_Expenses_Scatter_Plot_Starter.twbx and using Sample - Coffee Chain (Access).tde
as data source, create a scatter plot that compares average sales with average marketing expenses,
broken down by area code and product type. You solution should look like this:

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Direction:
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1. Create a scatter plot that compares average Marketing expenses with average Sales values.
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▪ From Measures, drag Sales to Rows, change aggregation from SUM to Average
RT

▪ From Measures, drag Marketing to Columns, change aggregation from SUM to Average.
BE

2. From Dimension, drag Area Code to Detail on the Marks Card.

3. From Dimension, drag Product Type to Color on the Marks Card.
CY

4. Add a highlighter for Area Code.

▪ On Marks Card, right click on Area Code then select Show Highlighter

CHECK 1 What product type that cost an average of over $100 in marketing expenses while yielding
below $500 in average sales?

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 90

 9. Mapping Data Geographically
This module contains the following:

Mapping in Tableau
Navigation and Selection in Maps
Creating Geographic Groups

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Mapping in Tableau
You can create views using maps to show data distributions by geographic locations. Fields in your
data with geographic information display in the Tableau Data pane with a globe icon:

Tableau automatically generates Latitude and Longitude fields for many geographic areas. You can use
these fields to overlay your data onto live maps for spatial analysis.

The fields for Latitude and Longitude display under Measures. Tableau can encode latitude and
longitude for many different geographic information types, such as zip codes, area codes,
congressional districts, and so forth, with zoom levels that range from the entire world to street-level
views. But, for Indonesia Tableau only detect until city level.

Step to create Map: AL

Y
1. In the Data pane, under Dimensions, select a field with a globe icon and drag it to Detail on the

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marks card.

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2. In the Data pane, under Measures, select the value you want to show on the map and drag it to
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the generated map.

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3. Use the marks card to change the marks on the map. For example if you want a filled map, select
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Filled Map from the mark type drop-down. You can also add labels and edit tooltips for your map,
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and use the Marks card to encode colors and size variation in data points.
DO

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Navigation and Selection in Maps

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Maps created in Desktop include navigation, search, and selection options in a view toolbar.
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The Rectangular Selection tool is selected by default when you create a map.
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The table below lists the available options you can choose from. Any tool you select will remain active
until you choose another tool.

Feature How to use

Map Search Click the Map Search icon, type a geographic search term into the text
box, and then press ENTER to initiate a search.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 92

 Feature How to use

Zoom and Pan To zoom in or out , use the + and – icons on the map toolbar. To pan
across the map, click and drag the mouse pointer across the map.

Reset Axes To reset the map to the original view, click the pushpin icon.

Zoom Area Selects an area in a rectangular shape, and the zooms the map in to the
selected area.

Rectangular Selection Selects an area in a rectangular shape. All marks in the area display as
selected.

Radial Selection Selects an area in a circular range (radial) . Click the circular dotted line
icon, and then click+drag the cursor around the area you want to select.
All marks in the area display as selected.

Lasso Selection Select an area of an irregular shape. Click the kidney shaped dotted line
AL

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icon, and then click+drag the cursor around the area you want to select.

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All marks in the area display as selected.
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Map Options
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You can choose to show or hide various navigation and search options in a
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worksheet. On the Map menu, click Map Layers and then check or clear the options
you want to include or exclude.
DO

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RT
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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 93

Practice: Geographic Mapping
Open Geographic_Mapping_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:

• Shows Sales by size and Profit by color on a map of states.

• Uses a Market filter that shows only Central and South markets.
• Uses the following Map Layers settings: Normal style of map.
• Has Area Code names labeled, and marks that have a black border with no halo.

AL

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EN

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NO
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Direction:
DO

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1. Create a view using the following:

• From Dimension: drag and drop State and Area Code into Detail on the Marks card.
RE

• From Measure: drag and drop Sales into Size on the Marks card.
RT

• From Measure: drag and drop Profit into Color on the Marks card.
BE

2. On the Marks card, use the Size slider to increase the size of the marks.
CY

3. On the Marks card, use the Color to change the color, choose Red-Blue-Diverging and add a black
border color.
4. Create a Market filter that shows only central and south.
5. Use Map Layers to select the Normal map style.
6. On the Marks card, drag and drop Area Code to Label.
7. Add a filter to the view with a slider for Profit.
8. Test the levels of zoom and map selection options on your map.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 94

Creating Geographic Groups
You can create geographic groups using fields, such as postal codes, counties, states, or countries.
Geographic groups can be used to show custom sales territories or to explore your data regionally.

Create Geographic Groups on a Map

You can create custom geographic groups in a map view by visually grouping the desired locations.

1. In a map view, use any of the map selection tools or CTRL+click to select several geographic.
2. Click the Group icon from toolbar or the tooltip to group the selected locations together.
3. Select the level of detail for the grouped locations, for example Zip Code.

AL

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DO

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Note that new group field is added to the Data pane. The new group field is also added to Color on
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the Marks card.

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4. Continue visually grouping locations until you have created all of your custom geographic groups.
5. If you want to change the name of the groups or edit which members are in a group, use the Edit
Group dialog box.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 95

6. To see only the custom geographic groups in the view, remove the field from the view that was
originally used to make up the group, for example, Zip Code.

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Create Geographic Groups from the Data Pane

ND

You can also create custom geographic groups using a geographic dimension in the Data pane.
RE

To create geographic group from the Data pane, right-click on the geographic field in the Data pane
RT

and choose Create and the Group.

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Create Nested Geographic Groups

Groups on groups, or nested geographic groups, can also be created.
To create nested groups, right-click on the previously created group in the Data pane and choose
Create and then Group.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 96

Practice: Creating Geographic Groups
Open Creating_Geographic_Groups_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following
specification:
• Shows Sales by State in a filled map.
• Use geographic groups to show the total sales in custom sales territories.

AL

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EN

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Direction:
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1. Create a view using the following:

NO

• From Dimension: drag and drop State into Detail on Marks card.
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DA

• From Measure: drag and drop Sales into Label on Marks card.
2. Change the mark type to a Filled Map.
DO

ND

3. Use the map selection tools or CTRL+click to select states for the first geographic group.
4. On the toolbar, use the Group icon with States to create custom sales area using geographic
RE

groups.
RT
BE
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5. Use Edit Group to rename the area as shown.

6. Remove States from the view to show only the area.
7. Add a copy of the group to Label on the Marks card.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 97

 10. Viewing Specific Values
This module contains the following:

Creating Crosstabs
Grand Totals, Sub-Totals, and Changing Aggregation
Creating Heat Maps
Creating Highlight Tables

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 98

Creating Crosstabs
Crosstab are one of the most common representations of data, and are useful for viewing a specific
numeric values. To create a new crosstab, following this step:

• Drag a dimension to Columns shelf → Drag another dimension to the Rows shelf → Drag a
AL

Y
measure to Text on the Marks card.

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• If any subsequent measures are to be displayed, drag and drop them into the view with the

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existing measure in the crosstab you have created. This action causes Measure Names and
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Measure Values to create a column for each measure.

•
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To create crosttab from existing view, just right – click the tab for the worksheet you want to
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duplicate and choose Duplicate as Crosstab.

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DO

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Grand Totals, Sub-Totals, and Changing Aggregation

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You can add row and column grand totals and sub-totals to any view, but grand totals are most
commonly used in crosstabs. Grand totals are computed using the aggregation of the measures

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 99

displayed in the visualization. Use additional formatting to make your totals more prominent so that
they are easily referenced.

You can use the options on the Analysis menu or the Totals options on the Analytics pane.

Show Row and Column Totals

▪ On the Analysis menu, select Totals and choose Show Row Grand Totals or Show Column
Grand Totals

Show Subtotals

▪ On the Analysis menu, select Totals, and choose Add All Subtotals.

Show Totals and Subtotals using the Analytics Pane

AL

Y
Use the Analytics pane to drag Totals to your view. When you drag the Totals object to the view, you

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see options for Subtotals, Row Grand Totals, and Column Grand Totals.

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EN

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Move Totals and Subtotals

ID

When you add totals and subtotals to your cross tab, by default row totals appear on the right, and
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column totals appear at the bottom. You can move these totals to the left or top.
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▪ On the Analysis menu, click Totals, and then click Row Totals to Left or Column Totals to Top.
DO

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 100

Practice: Totals and Aggregation
Open Totals_and_Aggregation_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following
specification:

View One : Total Sales

▪ Uses the worksheet named Total Sales.

▪ Shows total Sales of each Department and Category of product by Region in a crosstab.
▪ Has row and column grand totals
▪ Has all subtotals.

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Direction:
1. Create the following view:
• From Dimension, drag Region to Columns.
• From Dimension, drag Department and Category to Rows.
• From Measure, drag Sales to Text on Marks card.
2. Use the Show Row Grand Totals. Hint : Go to Analysis then click Totals
3. Use Show Column Grand Totals. Hint : Go to Analysis then click Totals
4. Add All Subtotals. Hint : Go to Analysis then click Totals

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 101

View Two: Maximum Sales
• Create a duplicate worksheet named Maximum Sales.
• Uses Maximum as the aggregation level rather than Sum.
• Shows the row totals on the left and the column totals on the top in the crosstab.
• User borders to divide the row and column totals.

AL

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Direction:
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1. Use a worksheet named Maximum Sales.

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2. Change Sales to be aggregated using Maximum.

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3. Use Row Totals to Left.

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4. Use Column Totals to Top.

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5. To add dividers between rows, including rows for subtotals and grand totals, click Borders on
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the Format menu.

6. Select the Rows tab and then add colored Pane and Header divider lines in the Total and
Grand Total sections.
7. Drag the Level slider in the Row Divider section all the way to the left.
8. Repeat step 6 for the Columns tab in the Grand Total section to add a colored dividing line for
the grand total at the top of the crosstab.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 102

Creating Heat Maps
Heat maps turn visually crowded data crosstabs into informative and engaging visualizations.

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You can create heatmap using Show Me or building your own. AC

CO
ID

1. Using Show Me: Select one or two measures and at least one dimension you want to compare
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T

and click the heat map icon on the Show Me menu. Use the marks card to adjust the shape sizes
NO
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DA

and color palette if needed.

DO

2. Building Manual: Drag one measure to Size and one measure to color on the Marks card → drag
ND

one dimension to Columns and one dimension to Rows to build a table →use marks card to adjust
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shape sizes and color pallets if needed.

RT

Creating Highlight Tables

BE

A highlight table is a color-encoded crosstab. Highlight tables call attention to very high or low data
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values and are useful for showing detailed values in text, while emphasizing outliers and patterns in
color.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 103

You can create highlight tables:

1. Using Show Me: CTRL+Click at least one dimension and one measure → on the
AL

Y
Show Me menu, choose highlight table.

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2. Without Show Me:Drag at least one dimension to the Rows shelf or Columns

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shelf → drag the measure to Text on the Marks card → Drag another instance
EN

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of the same measure to Color on the Marks card → on the Marks card, from
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the drop-down list of mark types choose Square.

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NO
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DO

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 104

Practice: Highlight Table
Create a highlight table that shows profit for Department and Category broken down by Region and
Sub Region. Include grand totals for the rows in the color encoding to see which categories were the
most and least profitable.

AL

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TI

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EN

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ID
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Direction:
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Open Highlight_Table_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:

ND
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1. From Dimension, drag and drop Department and Category to Rows.

RT

2. From Dimension, drag and drop Region and Sub Region to Columns.
3. From Measure, drag and drop Profit to Text on the Marks card.
BE

4. From Measure, drag and drop Profit to Color on the Marks card.
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5. From Analysis, go to Totals, show Row Grand Total and show Column Grand Total.
6. Edit the color and check the Include Total option.
7. Change Marks Type from Automatic to Square.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 105

 11. Customizing Your Data
This module contains the following:

Using Calculations in Desktop

Options for Creating Calculated Fields
String Functions
Logical Functions
Date Calculations

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EN

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 106

Using Calculations in Desktop
A calculated field is a custom column derived from existing data in your data source.

Use calculated fields when your underlying data does not contain all of the values you need for your
analysis. The calculated field editor supply many calculation types. A calculation can be include some
or all of the following components.

Component Description

Fields Includes both data source fields and calculated fields.

Functions Functions you can use to create a formula, available from the drop-down menu.
By default all functions are displayed.

Operators Operators must be typed manually. All standard operators, such as addition (+),
subtraction (-), multiplication (*), modulo (%) and division (%) as well as
comparisons (==, =, >, <, >=, <=, !=, <>) and logical (AND, OR, NOT)
AL

Y
EM
Parameters Placeholder variables that can be inserted into calculations to replace contstant
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value.

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Comments Insert custom comments for your calculations as a means of annotation for
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later review. To add comment to a calculation, type two forward slash

characters (//) into the formula box.
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NO
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Calculated Fields Versus Table Calculations

DO

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Tableau has both predefined calculations, and tools for developing your own calculations.
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Calculation Description
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Calculated Field Custom calculations created using the Calculated Field editor and
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computed in the underlying data source.

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Table Calculation including Calculations computed locally using only the data in a view. Some
Quick Table Calculation predefined Table Calculations are available as Quick Table
Calculations, but you can also specify the components of the
formula for Table Calculations yourself.

Row and Column Totals Predefined calculation available on the Analysis menu including
subtotals and grand totals. These are a type of table calculation.

Options for Creating Calculated Fields

You can write calculated fields in two ways:

1. Type them directly on Columns, Rows, or the Marks card. This method is referred to as ad-hoc
calculations.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 107

2. Use the Calculated Field editor.
Ad-Hoc Calculations
Use an ad-hoc calculation when you need a quick and simple formula for analysis, such as Profit Ratio,
like this:

As you type the components of the calculations, Tableau suggests functions or field to complete your
formula:

AL

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Press ENTER to apply your calculation to the view.

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EN

To save the calculation to your data source, drag the calculation to the data pane, and when prompted,
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name the calculation.

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NO

The Calculated Field Editor

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1. Click the Analysis menu and choose Create Calculated Field OR Right-click in the Data pane and
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choose Create Calculated Field.

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2. Type the formula in the formula window, and click Apply to save the calculation and keep the editor
open, or click OK to save the calculation and close the dialog box.
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The dialog box allows you to move between windows while it remains open.
BE
CY

Formula Edition Convetions

Color as Symbol Description

Red squiggly line Syntax error. Hover over the error to see directions to fix it.

//Green text Comments. These are ignored by the calculation but are useful
for documenting the calculation logic.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 108

 Color as Symbol Description

[Orange Text] Field names.

Blue Text( ) Functions.

[Purple Text] Parameters.

Bold Text Calculation is computed locally within Tableau on the

aggregated results.

Plain Text (not bold) Calculation computed at the database level.

Other items to note:

• UPPER/lowercase are ignored (expect for field names).
• ENTER/RETURN/SPACE are ignored.
AL
•

Y
Use “or” for string fields.

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Types of Calculated Fields AC

CO

You can use the formula editor to create many different types of calculated fields. It is not possible to
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list them all here, but some of the most commonly used types of calculated fields in Tableau include:
NF

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NO

• Math operations across numbers, like addition or subtraction

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• Logic statements, like IF/Else or Case

DO

•
ND

Aggregating data, for example average or maximum

•
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Manipulating strings, either putting strings together or breaking them down

• Date formulas, for example to pull out a date part or the difference between two dates.
RT
BE

Handling Null Values

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When you join or blend to sources, you can have some records with no value (NULL) in the shared
field. You can’t do math with null values, because null + <any number> = null, but you can use the ZN
function to replace NULL values with zero (0), which will then allow you to perform any required math
functions.

Calculations and Aggregations

Aggregating in calculated fieds can affect the formula’s order of operations and therefore return
different, and potentially incorrect results. For example, when you are computing weighted averages,
you should apply an overall aggregate before computing ratios.

In some circumstances aggregation should not be applied (for example, when computing line-item
calculations, which should be computed for each record, row by row).

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 109

Practice: Calculations and Aggregations in Profit Ratio
Create a view showing the results of an ad-hoc calculation of profit ratio broken down by year and
Customer segment. Experiment with the calculation to see how the aggregation level impacts your
results. Use your visualization to compare the profit ratio of customer segment, and then save your
calculation so you can use it in future analysis.

AL

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Direction:

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Open Calculations_and_Aggregation_in_Profit_Ratio_Starter.twbx and create a view according to

ID

the following specification:

NF

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T
NO

1. From Dimension, drag and drop Order Date to Rows.

CO

DA

2. From Dimension, drag and drop Customer Segment to Columns.

DO

ND

3. Create Calculated Field named “Profit Ratio” using the formula: [Profit] / [Sales] and change the
RE

number of format into Percentage with 2 decimal places.

4. From Measure, drag and drop Profit Ratio to Text on marks card.
RT

Note: Test the calculation: does the Profit Ratio field return the correct results?
BE

5. Edit the calculation to be SUM ([Profit])/SUM ([Sales]) and re-test.

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 110

String Functions
Use string functions to change the way text appears in your view. When doing math, the plus sign (+)
is the addition operator. When working with strings, the plus sign is the concatenation operator.

For example: “First Name” + “Last Name” = First NameLast Name

Notice that no space is included between the first name and last name. You need to insert the space
in the formula, like this: “First Name” + “ Last Name” = First Name Last Name

Logical Functions
Use logical functions to create specific views from a data source without
changing the source itself. For example, combine different members of a
dimension, or filter a segment out of a view. AL

Y
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EN

AC
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ID

There are several types for logical functions:

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NO

Logical Types Description

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CASE Functions Used to perform a logical test and return values based on the result.
DO

CASE functions can be rewritten as an IF function, but the CASE

ND

function is often times simpler to write and shorter.

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IIF Functions very similar to the IF function above. It essentially creates a

shorthand function for an IF-THEN-ELSE statement with the added
RT

benefit of being to define a value with the final argument if the test
BE

yields an unknown result. Remember, just like the IF function, the

test must be Boolean by data type or result in a Boolean value as a
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result of the test.

IF Functions Creates a logical test. IF test is true THEN do y. The test part of the
function must be Boolean, either by using a Boolean field in the data
source or as the result of an expression using operators or logical
comparisons (AND, OR, NOT)
IFNULL Functions runs a true/false test on whether the value in the tested field is NULL.
The first value in the function is used if the value is not null, and the
second is used if it is null
ISDATE Functions The ISDATE function tests whether the string argument can be
converted to a valid date (TRUE) or if it cannot (FALSE)
ISNULL Functions Another simple function, ISNULL, simply tests whether an expression
is null (TRUE) or not (FALSE)

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 111

Practice: Logical Functions
Practice 1: IIF Function

Create a view showing the results of an ad-hoc calculation of KPI Profit Ratio broken down by year and
Region.

Direction:
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EM
Open Logical_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:
TI

AD
1. From Dimension, drag and drop Region to Rows and Order Date (Year) to Columns.
PY
EN

2. From Measure, drag and drop Profit Ratio to Text on Marks card.
AC
CO
ID

3. Create Calculated field named “ KPI Profit Ratio” with this formula :
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IIF ([Profit Ratio] <0.5,'Bad',’Ok’)

NO
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4. From Measure, drag and drop KPI Profit Ratio into Color Marks.
DO

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Practice 2: IF Functions using Shape

RE

Create a view showing the results of an ad-hoc calculation of KPI Profit Ratio for each products broken
RT

down by Year, Department, and Category.

BE
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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 112

Direction:
Open Logical_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:
1. From Dimension, drag and drop Department and Category to Rows and Order Date (Year) to
Columns.
2. From Measure, drag and drop Profit Ratio to Text on Marks card.
3. Create Calculated field named “ KPI Profit Ratio by Products” with this formula :
IF [Profit Ratio]<=0.5 then 'Bad' ELSEIF [Profit Ratio]<0.65 then 'Ok' ELSE 'Good' END
4. Change the Marks Type into Square.
5. From Measure, drag and drop KPI Profit Ratio by Products into Shape Marks.
6. Edit the shape using KPI Pallete.

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 113

Date Calculations
Use date calculations to calculate a difference between dates or to add some amount of time to an
existing date field. Many date functions use date parts in their calculations, and some are solely
concerned with returning a particular date part. You can use the following date parts in date function:
year, month, day, hour, minute, or second.

Here is an example of a date calculation that adds 3 months to the Order Date field.

AL

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DATEPARSE allows you to change a string into a recognized date field.

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For example: DATEPARSE(“MMMM,dd,yy”,”November,11,82”) = 11/11/1982

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 114

Practice: Using Date Calculations
Create a calculated field to determine the average number of days it takes for an order to ship. Then,
create a crosstab so you can compare the average days to ship to the average shipping costs by
customer segment and order priority.

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Direction:

Open Using_Date_Calculations_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following

specification:

1. Create a calculated field named “Days to Ship” that calculates the number of days between the
date an order was placed and the date the order was shipped. Use the DateDiff function to create
this formula: DATEDIFF('day',[Order Date],[Ship Date])
2. Change the default aggregation for Days to Ship from SUM to Average (AVG).
3. From Measure, drag and drop Day to Ship to Text on marks card
4. From Dimension, drag and drop Order Priority and Customer Segment to Rows.
5. From Measure, drag and drop Shipping Cost into view. Now, you can see the Measure Names on
Columns and Filters.

Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 115

 12. Analyzing Data with Quick Table Calculations
This module contains the following:

Table Calculation Overview

Using Quick Table Calculations

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Copyright @2020 – Cybertrend Data Academy 116

Table Calculations Overview
Table calculations are computations that are applied to the values for a measure in the view. Tableau
computes table calculations locally after the results of a query are returned, which allows for a second-
pass aggregation (for example, Running Total of SUM(Sales) by Order Date).

Scope and Direction

Table calculations have a scope of Table, Pane, and Cell, which defines the area where the calculation
is performed or for each group the calculation is computed.

Table calculations also have a specific direction of across (default) or down along which the calculation
is computed.

See Table Calculations in a View AL

Y
1. Right-click any measure in a worksheet and choose Add Table Calculation.

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2. Use the Table Calculation dialog box to set up the calculation you want to use, for example Percent

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of Total with scope of Table and a direction of Across: Table (across).

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3. Observe how the view changes as the table calculation scope and direction are modified, for
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example, change to Table (down).

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Levels of Control
DO

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Table calculations have four levels of user control, described below from simplest to most complex to
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apply to the data.

RT

Level of User Control Description

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Quick Table Calculation Accessible from the measure in the view, which will modify the
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measure and default scope and direction.

Add Table Calculation For more control in creating the table calculation from an
existing measure, accessible from the measure in the view.

Edit Table Calculation Available from the measure in the view once a table calculation
has been applied, and allows changes in the direction and scope.

Custom Table Calculation Available by saving the table calculation (drag and drop the field
with the table calculation applied from your worksheet to the
Data pane), and then open the saved calculation in the
Calculated Field editor. Additionally, it can be written from
scratch with the Calculated Field editor.

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Using Quick Table Calculations
Quick table calculations are predefined computations that can be run against the data in your view.
Select the drop-down menu on the measure you want to use for the calculation and then select the
type of quick table calculation to use.

Quick table calculations use a default direction for operations, such as “Table (across)”. They also use
a default comparison type, such as the measure compared to the “previous” cell. You can change the
direction with the Compute Using context menu, and change the comparison using the Relative To
context menu.

Description are based on default behavior.

Quick Table Calculation Description

Running Total Adds totals across the table

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Difference Calculates the difference from previous column, across a table.
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Percent Difference Calculates the percent difference from previous column, across
a table.
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Percent of Total Calculates the values percent of the total sum in a table.
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Rank Calculates the integer rank of the value across the table.
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Percentile Calculates the statistical percentile of the value across the table.
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Moving Average Calculates the average value based on a range around the
current value. Used to smooth short term fluctuations.
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YTD Total Calculates the running total from the beginning of the year
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across the table.

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Compound growth rate Calculates the current value as a percentage from the first value.
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Year over Year growth Calculates a percentage from the first value compared to the
same period in the previous year.

YTD Growth Calculates a percentage change from the same time period in the
previous year and then calculates a running total over a year.

Add a Quick Table Calculation

• On a measure field in a view, click the drop-down menu → select Quick Table Calculation → choose
the calculation type.

A field used in a table calculation displays with an icon

Edit a Quick Table Calculation

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Click the drop-down menu on the field with the table calculation icon, and do one of the following:

• Change the Compute Using option: Allows you to change the computation from the default to
another option, for example, Table (Down) or Pane (Down). Options are contextual.
• Edit Table Calculation: Opens the table calculation dialog box, which has more editing options.

Practice: Running Total of Sales

You have a crosstab that shows yearly sales broken down by category and quarter. Add a running total
by quarter, and restart the total for each category. Then use your crosstab to look up specific running
totals.

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Directions:
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Open Running_Total_of_Sales_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following

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specification:
1. Drag Customer Segment, Order Date (set discrete quarter) to Rows
2. Drag Order Date (discrete year) to Columns
3. Drag Sales to Text Label
4. Edit Sales on Text Label, right click and Quick Table Calculation choose Running Total, right
click one more time then select Compute Using, choose Pane (down).
5. From measure, drag Sales to the view then place it right before Running Total.
6. Save the workbook.

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Practice: Year over Year Change
Create a bar chart that uses color to show the percent difference in year over year sales. Add filters to
the view for region and category so you can quickly compare the growth of table products within
different region.

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Directions:
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specification:
1. From Dimension, drag and drop Order Date to Columns.
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2. From Measure, drag and drop Sales to Rows.

3. Change the Mark Type to Bar.
4. Right Click on Sales and select Quick Table Calculation > Year over Year Growth.
5. Show the amount of change year over year using color.
6. Show a Single Value filter for Region and filter to see only Asia Pac.
7. Show a Multiple Value (dropdown) filter for Category and filter to see only Tables.
8. Drag another instance of Sales to Label.
9. Set the Null values to show at the default position.

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 13. Showing Breakdowns of the Whole
This module contains the following:

Pie Charts and Parts of the Whole

Creating Tree Maps

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Pie Charts and Parts of the Whole
Pie charts are great for showing part to whole relationship, however our perceptual system is bad at
comparing areas or angles accurately. If you use a pie chart, stick to dimensions with few members,
and add labels to help your audience make more accurate judgements.

Uses for Pie Charts

Pie charts are useful for:

• Filtering or highlighting actions on a dashboard.

• Showing a high level breakdown of a measure by dimension with a small number of members.

Create a Pie Charts

1. On the Marks card, select Pie Charts from drop-down list of marks type.
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2. Drag the dimension field you want to slice to Color on the marks card.

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3. Drag the measure that determines the Size of each slice to Angle on the Marks card.

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Practice: Percent of Total Sales

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Directions:
1. Open Percent_of_Total_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following
specification:
2. Change the mark type to Pie.
3. Create the initial view, drag Segment to Color on the Marks card, Sales to Angle on the Marks
card,and sales to Label on the Marks card.
4. Calculate Sales as a percent of total. (Hint: right click on Sales on the marks card)
5. Save the workbook.

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Creating Tree Maps
The tree map is another good point for showing part to whole relationships, especially data sets with
long tails, because tree maps show all of the data at once. You can further encode tree maps with
color to differentiate categories, and add other labels that show number values.
Tree maps are especially good for hierarchical categorical data (many levels of dimensions).
Create a Tree Map
1. Drag a measure to Size on the Marks card.
2. Drag a dimension to Color on the Marks card.
These steps give you a basic tree map. You can also label the tree map by dragging the same
dimensions you added above to Label on the Marks card.

Practice: Creating Tree Map

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view so you can compare sales for specific categories

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Directions:

Open Creating_Tree_Map_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:

1. Change the Marks Type to Square.

2. From Dimension, drag and drop Region into Color Marks.
3. From Measure, drag and drop Sales into Size Marks and Label.
4. From Dimension, drag and drop Category to Label.
5. Right Click on Category and Show Highlighter.

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 14. Highlight Data with Reference Lines
This module contains the following:

Using Reference Lines

Reference Bands

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Using Reference Lines
Reference lines mark specific values or regions on an axis based on constant or computed values. You
can set the reference line scope to Entire Table, Per Pane, or Per Cell.

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Add a Reference Line:

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1. Right-click on the axis to be used for the reference line, and choose Add Reference Line → choose
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Line.
2. Under Scope, specify Entire Table, Per Pane, or Per Cell.
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3. Under Line, set the Value compulation to mark on the axis. You can select from the following
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options:
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Option Description
Average Places a line at the average value along the axis.
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Constant Places a line at the specified value along the axis.

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Maximum Places a line at the maximum value.

Median Places a line at the median value.
Minimum Places a line at the minimum value.
Sum Places a line at the SUM of all the values in either the cell, pane, or entire
view.
Total Places a line at the aggregate of all the values in either the cell, pane, or
entire view.

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4. Select how you want to label the line:
Option Description
None Does not include a label for the reference line.
Value Includes a label that corresponds to value on the axis.
Compulation Displays an automatic label based on the compulation and the measure
selected.
Custom Adds a custom label to the text box (Use the menu to the right of the text
box to insert values such as the compulation or the value).

5. Format the line using this options shown on the dialog box, and click OK.

Reference Bands
Reference bands show data that falls within a certain window value, and display as shaded areas
between two constant or computed values. You can use the computed values used for reference lines.
Most of the functions are calculated after data is returned.
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Add Reference Bands:

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1. Right-click on the axis to be used for the reference line, and choose Add Reference Line → choose
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Band.
2. Under Scope, specify Entire Table, Per Pane, or Per Cell.
3. Under Band From, set the Value computation to mark on the axis. You can select from the following
options:
Option Description
Average Places a band at the average value along the axis.
Constant Places a band at the specified value along the axis.
Maximum Places a band at the maximum value.
Median Places a band at the median value.
Minimum Places a band at the minimum value.
Sum Places a band at the SUM of all the values in either the cell, pane, or entire
view.

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 Option Description
Total Places a band at the aggregate of all the values in either the cell, pane, or
entire view. This option is particularly useful when computing a weighted
average rather than an average of averages. It is also useful when working
with a calculation that uses a custom aggregation. the total is computed
using the underlying data and behaves the same as selecting one of the totals
options on the Analysis menu. if "Total All Using" has been assigned, the
function applied matches the one that has been selected.

4. Under Band To, set the Value computation to mark the other end of the band.
5. Select how you want to label the line:
Option Description
None Select this option to not include a label for the reference line.
Value Select this option to include a label that is the corresponding value on the
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axis.

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Computation Select this option to display an automatic label. The label is based on the

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computation and the measure that is selected.
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Custom Use to type a custom label into the text box. You can use the menu to the
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right of the text box to insert values such as the computation or the value.
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6. Formatting is available for the band, and for the lines that mark either ends of the band.
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Practice: Reference Lines
Open Reference_Line_Starter.twbx and create a view according to the following specification:

View One:

You have a bar chart that shows sales by date. Add a constant reference line that shows the sales
quota so you can easily see where sales have been slow.

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Direction:
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1. From Dimension, drag and drop Order Date to Columns.

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2. From Measure, drag and drop Sales to Rows.

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3. Change Mark Type to Bar.

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4. At the Analytics pane, drag Reference Line and choose Table.

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• Reference: Line
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Scope: Entire Table

•
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Line Value: Constant, put the value 7500000

• Label: Custom and fill the text box with “Quota is 7500000”
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• Formatting: Line > Red color

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View Two:

Starting with a duplicate of the first worksheet, delete the quota reference line. Change the view to
show sales for each region broken down by year. Then, add a new reference line so you can compare
the average sales.

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1. From Dimension, drag and drop Order Date to Columns.

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2. From Dimension, drag and drop Region to Rows.

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3. From Measure, drag and drop Sales to Columns.

4. Change Mark Type to Bar.
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5. At the Analytics pane, drag Reference Line and choose Pane.

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• Reference: Line
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• Scope: Pane
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• Line Value: SUM(Sales) > Average

•
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Label: Value
• Formatting: Line > Red color

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 15. Making Your Views Available
This module contains the following:

Dashboards

Dashboard Actions

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Dashboards
A dashboard is a collection of worksheets and supporting information shown in a single view so you
can compare and monitor a variety of data simultaneously. For example, you may have a set of views
that you review very day. Rather than flipping through each worksheet, you can create a dashboard
that displays all the views at once.

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Similar to worksheets, dashboards are shown as tabs at the bottom of the workbook and update with
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the most recent data from the data source. When you create a dashboard, you can add views from
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any worksheet in the workbook. You can also add a variety of supporting objects such as text areas,
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web pages, and images. From the dashboard, you can format, annotate, drill-down, edit axes, and
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more.
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Understanding the Connections between Dashboards and Worksheets

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The views in a dashboard are connected to the worksheets they represent. When you make changes
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to a view, either on the worksheet directly or on its dashboard representation, both locations will
show your changes. This interaction is important to remember when configuring the views in your
dashboard.

Edit the Original Worksheet

From the dashboard, you can easily return to a worksheet by clicking on its tab at the bottom of the
workbook, or by using either of these convenient methods:

• Click the view on the dashboard to select it. In the upper right corner
of the view’s border, click the small gray drop – down arrow, and then
click Go to Sheet on the menu.

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• Click the Go to Sheet button that appears in the upper right
corner of any view, selected or not, when you hover over it.

Duplicate a Worksheet
• Click the view on the dashboard to select it. In the upper
right corner of the view’s border, click the small gray drop-
down arrow, and then click Duplicate Sheet on the menu.

Hide a Worksheet
You can hide worksheets so that they are not shown in the filmstrip,
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sheet sorter, or in the tabs along the bottom of the workbook.
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• Right-click on the worksheet tab, and then select Hide Sheet.
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Tiled or Floating Objects

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Dashboard objects can be tiled or floating. Tiled objects are arranged in a grid,
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while floating objects can be layered on top of other objects.

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Dashboard Device Layout

After you have built a dashboard, you can create layouts that are specific to particular devices. You
can tailor a dashboard’s composition and corner according to the screen size for different devices,
such as a phone, tablet, or desktop.

Preview for Different Devices

1. Click Device Preview in the Dashboard page.

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2. When the dashboard is in a preview mode, select a device type and, optionally, a model for the
selected device.

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Add a Device Layout

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and click the desired device type, or click the Add > Device Type > Layout button.
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When a device layout is added, you will see it appear on the Dashboard tab, under the Default
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dashboard layout.
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The default dashboard is the parent dashboard and device specific layouts are the children.
2. To customize the new dashboard layout, click the Custom button. Objects can be rearranged or
removed, as desired. Changes are specified to the device layout. The default dashboard will remain
the same.

Worksheet and Filters

When you bring in worksheets to a dashboard, their corresponding filters and legends come to the
dashboard too. Duplicate or unnecessary filters and legends can be deleted from the dashboard.

Extend Worksheet Filters

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The filters that are placed automatically on the dashboard can easily be extended to apply to othe
worksheets in the dashboard.

Using Worksheet as Filters

You can also use the worksheets in the dashboard as filters for the other views in the dashboard. To
use a worksheet as a filter:

• Click the filter button on the top right of the view.

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• Or click the drop-down arrow and choose Use as Filter.

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Dashboard Actions (Created in Tableau Desktop)

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Tableau enables you to connect dashboard worksheets to other worksheets in the same workbook
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using Highlight and Filter actions, and to external web resources using URL actions.

Highlight Actions
Use highlight actions to call attention to marks of interest by coloring select marks and dimming all
others. You can highlight marks in the view by selecting the marks you want to highlight, using the
color legend to select related marks, or creating an advanced highlight action.

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1. On the Dashboard menu, click Actions

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2. In the Actions dialog, click the Add Action button, and then select Highlight.
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3. Use the following setting for the highlight:

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For this field Enter

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Name Give the Highlight action a meaningful name.

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Source Sheets Sheets(s) containing the marks you are using to initiate your
highlighting.
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Run action on Choose Hover, Select, or Menu (see Options for Running Actions
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below for a description)

Target Sheets Sheet(s) to be highlighted by the Source sheet(s).
Target Select the items that will be highlighted by the source sheet action.
Highligting

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Filter Actions

Use filter actions to send information between worksheets, typically from a selected mark to another
sheet showing related information.

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1. On the Dashboard menu, click Actions

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2. In the Actions dialog, click the Add Action button, and then select Filter.
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3. Use the following setting for the filter:

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For this field Enter

Name Give the Filter action a meaningful name.
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Source Sheets Sheets(s) containing the marks you are using to initiate your
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filtering.
Run action on Choose Hover, Select, or Menu (see Options for Running
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Actions below for a description)

Target Sheets Sheet(s) to be highlighted by the Source sheet(s).
Clearing the selection How the values display after the filter is cleared:
will • Leave the filter continues filtering based on last selection.
• Show all values removes the filter.
• Exclude all values removes the filter and hides the view
until the next selection is made.

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URL Actions
A URL action is a hyperlink that points to a webpage, file, or other web-based resource outside of
Tableau. Use URL actions to link to more information about your data. To make the link relevant to
your data, you can substitute field values of a selection into the link text and URL as parameters.

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1. On the Dashboard menu, click Actions

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2. In the Actions dialog, click the Add Action button, and then select URL.
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3. Use the following setting for the URL actions:

For this field Enter
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Name Name of the URL action-will be used as the link text.

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Source Sheets Sheets(s) as to use the source.

Run action on Choose Hover, Select, or Menu (see Options for Running
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Actions below for a description)

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URL URL link of the outside data source you want to use.
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URL Options URL Encode Data Values: if you have values in your data that
are not allowable in a URL, select the option so those values
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are translated to URL encoded characters.

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Allow Multiple Values: select if you are linking to a website that

can take lists of values as parameters in the link. You must also
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indicate the item delimiter, and delimiter escape.

4. Click OK. For the URL action shown in the image above,
the following options were selected.
Note: the use of <Well Name>, one of the Dimensions
from the source worksheet, in the URL text (Name) and
link (URL).

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Go to Sheet Action
Use the Go to Sheet action to let users quickly navigate to a related visualization—a dashboard,
sheet, or story—when they click on a mark or a tooltip menu item in the original view.

Note: To simply navigate from one dashboard to another, without requiring users to interact with
data, consider using the Button object.

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To create do the following:

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2. In the Actions dialog box, click Add Action and then select Go to Sheet.
3. Specify a name for action. (If you choose to run the action using a menu, the name you specify
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here is what's displayed.)

4. Under Source Sheets, select the view that will initiate the action.
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5. Specify how people viewing your dashboard will run the action. Select or Menu are the best
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choices for a navigation action.

If you choose Select, consider selecting the Run on single select option so users won't navigate
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away from the view when exploring multiple marks.

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6. For Target Sheet, select the navigation destination that appears when users click marks or
tooltip menu items in the source sheet. Then click OK.

Options for Running Actions

You can set all types of dashboard actions to run in one of three ways: Hover, Select, Menu.

For this field Action

Hover Rest the pointer over a mark in the view to run the action. This option
works well for Highlight and Filter actions within a dashboard.
Select Click on a mark in the view to run the action. This option works well for all
types of actions.
Menu Click a mark in the view, and then select an option on the tooltip context
menu. This option works well for Filter and URL actions.

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Practice: Building a Dashboard
Using Cybertrend Superstore Sample.xlsx, create three view according to the following specification:

1. View One : Percent of Sales by Region

2. View Two : Sales by Product Category, filter by Year (Order Date), Profit as a Color marks.
3. View Three : Create Scatter Plot that compares Sales with Profit values, add Customer Name to
the worksheet’s level of detail, use color to show the Region.
4. Create a Dashboard and name it “Sales Dashboard”, change the setting for size to Laptop and
select Show Title.
• Drag the three worksheets onto the dashboard space in a way that is visually appealing
• Set the View One and View Three to fit entire view, Set View Two to Normal fit.
• Remove unnecessary legend items, or move them closer to the view they reference
•
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view)

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• Make the Pie Chart (view one) interactive by choosing Use a Filter.
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Direction:

View One: - Drag Region from Dimensions to Color on the Marks card.

- Duplicate Region to Label

- Change Automatic to Pie
- Drag Sales from Measures to Angle
- Duplicate Sales to Label

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 - Change title become “Percent of Sales by Region”

View Two: - Drag Category from Dimensions to Rows

- Drag Sales from Measures to Columns

- Sort the bar as descending
- Drag Order Date to Filter by Year, and show the filter
- Drag Profit from Measures to Color and Label on the Marks card
- Change title become “Sales by Product Category”

View Three: - Drag Profit to Rows and Sales to Columns

- Drag Customer Name from Dimensions to Detail on the Marks card

- Drag Region from Dimensions to Color on the Marks card
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- Change Automatic to Circle and add black border on the Marks card

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- Change title become “Plot of Sales”

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Dashboard: - Drag the three worksheets onto the dashboard space in a way that is visually
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appealing
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- Set the View One and View Three to fit entire view, Set View Two to Normal fit.
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- Remove unnecessary legend items, or move them closer to the view they reference
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- Make the Order Date (Year) filter global (that is, the filter applies to all worksheets in
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the view)
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Make the Pie Chart (view one) interactive by choosing Use a Filter.
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