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2.0 Quantum Numbers Notesheet

- Quantum Numbers notes

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24 views2 pages

2.0 Quantum Numbers Notesheet

- Quantum Numbers notes

Uploaded by

Nityasri Balaji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCH4U9 – Quantum Numbers Date: ____________________

Warm-Up Question: Write the full electron configuration & noble gas electron configuration for an atom of
Gold (Au) atomic number 79. The easiest method to solve this is to use the periodic table blocks.
Full Electron
Configuration

Noble Gas
Configuration

There are four Quantum Numbers that we use to describe electrons within an
atom. The four Quantum Numbers are as follows:

The Principal Quantum Number ( _____ )


• The principal quantum number (n) describes the _______________
____________ of an atomic orbital.
• n = 1 is the first energy level, n = 2 is the second energy level, and so on.
• A greater value of n means that the shell is ___________________ (example 2s is larger than 1s).
• A greater value of n also means we have a higher probability of being farther away from the nucleus
(example: __________________________________________________________________________ )

The Orbital Shape Number ( ______ )


• The orbital shape number (l) describes the shape of the orbital.
• The values of l are dependent on n. The values of l are positive integers that range from 0  (n-1). For
example, if n = 1, l = 0
• Each value of l is identified by a specific letter that is used to distinguish the orbital shape.
• If l = 0, the orbital has the letter: ______
• If l = 1, the orbital has the letter: ______
• If l = 2, the orbital has the letter: ______
• If l = 3, the orbital has the letter: ______

Example: What is being described if n = 2 and l = 1?

The Magnetic Quantum Number ( ______ )


• The magnetic quantum number (ml) describes the orientation of the orbital in the space around the
nucleus.
• i.e. if there are 3 p orbitals, the ml number will specify which p orbital is being described.
• For any given value of l, there are (2l + 1) values of ml ranging from -3 to +3
• Another example:

ml = ml = ml =
The Spin Quantum Number ( _______)
 The spin quantum number (ms) describes the direction in which the axis of the electron is oriented.
 There are only 2 possible values.
 If the electron spins up, m/s = _______
 If the electron spins down, m/s = ________

_____________________________________________: only two electrons of opposite spin can occupy an


orbital, thus, and orbital can have a maximum of 2 electrons only, each of which must have the opposite spin
of each other. An orbital can also have only one electron of either spin, or no electrons at all.

Another way to think of it: no 2 electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers, meaning that
each electron has its own unique set of quantum numbers.

Try: what are the Quantum Numbers for the first 6 electrons in Carbon?

PRACTICE:

1. Write the 14 sets of quantum numbers that describe the 14 electrons of silicon.

2. Indicate the maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have as part of their set of four quantum numbers for
each of the following:

a) n = 3 c) n = 2, l = 1 e) n = 7
b) n = 4, l = 2 d) n = 4, l = 3, ml = -1, ms = +1/2

3. Write the quantum numbers associated with each of the following:

a) The 6s energy level d) The fifth principle energy level


b) An orbital in the 3d sublevel e) The highest energy electron(s) of Fluorine
c) The first electron added to the 4f sublevel

4. Sketch the general shape of the orbitals that are described by the following sets of quantum numbers:

a) 1, 0, 0 d) 3, 1, +1
b) 2, 1, 1 e) 5, 0, 0

5. Write the full set of quantum numbers (4) for all of the highest energy electron(s) for each of the following atoms:

a) S b) Co c) Te d) Pt e) W f) N g) Pu

6. Consider each of the following sets of quantum numbers (n, ℓ, mℓ, s). Decide if each set is valid or not valid. For valid
sets, identify the orbital the set describes (i.e. 2p). For sets that are not valid, give an explanation as to why the set is not
valid.

a) n = 2, ℓ = 1, mℓ = 0, ms = ½
b) n = 0, ℓ = 0, mℓ = 0, ms = ½
c) n = 3, ℓ = 2, mℓ = −2, ms = −½
d) n = 3, ℓ = −2, mℓ = 3, ms = ½
d) n = 4, ℓ = 3, mℓ = 2, ms = -1

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