Scribd
Upload
23 views22 pages

Lesson+1 +Introduction+to+English+Grammar

Uploaded by

vivek reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views22 pages

Lesson+1 +Introduction+to+English+Grammar

Uploaded by

vivek reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

English Grammar Masterplan

Lesson 1: Introduction to English Grammar


Lesson Overview

Sentence Structure: Understand the basics of what


the English sentence structure is.

Parts of Speech: What kind of words make up our


sentences (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc…).

Subject-Verb Agreement: An in-depth guide into


why this is essential for English fluency!
Basic Parts of a Sentence

Subject: Person or thing that does something in


the sentence. It’s usually at the start.

Verb: Expresses an action, ‘doing’ word.

Object: Receives the action described by the verb,


comes after the verb.
Word Order

Subject - Verb - Object

Examples…

He - studies - English.

They - create - paintings.

We - work - at home.

I - play - football.
However…

A sentence doesn’t always need an object to make


sense or be grammatically accurate.

She - cycles.

We - laughed.

They - study.
Parts of Speech…

Common Nouns: A word used to identify any class


of people, places or thing.

Chair, cat, pen, sun

Proper Nouns: A word that refers to a particular


one of these things mentioned above.

Japan, Elon Musk, Ferrari


Verbs: Words which represent an action, ‘doing’
words.

Run, sing, laugh, cook

Adjectives: Words which describe the qualities or


states of being of nouns.

The enormous dog.

There are three white flowers.


Adverbs: A word that describes a verb, adjective,
adverb or a whole sentence.

The person cried loudly.

Harry is very nice.

The holiday went too quickly.

Interestingly, the essay was short.


Subject-Verb Agreement

What does this mean?

Correct matching of the subject and verb in a


sentence.

The verb in a sentence must agree in number with


the subject in that sentence.
Singular Subject With a Singular Verb

If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular


too.

● The cat is sleeping.


● He runs every morning.
● She sings beautifully.
Plural Subject With a Plural Verb

If the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural.

● The cats are sleeping.


● They run every morning.
● We sing together.
Singular Subjects

Singular subjects joined by the word ‘and’ are


generally plural.

● The teacher and the student are tired today.


● The dog and the cat are not friends.
● The mother and daughter enjoy a day out.
Indefinite Pronouns

Someone, anyone, no one, anybody, somebody,


nobody, one, either, neither.

They usually take the singular verb.

● No one likes to fail at something.


● Somebody get the door!
● Is anybody free to take this delivery?
Quantified Nouns
Quantifiers express how much of something there is:
some, any, all, most.

They can be singular or plural depending on whether


the noun is countable.
Countable:
Some of the policies were rejected whilst others
were approved.

Uncountable:
Some of the research was conducted at the site.
Inverted Sentences

In inverted sentences, the subject and verb positions


are swapped.

● Never have I seen such beauty.


● In the forest ran the deer.
● We are not only tired but jet lagged from the long
trip.

Despite this, the subject and verb still match.


Collective Nouns

Refers to a group or a collective.

If the collective noun refers to the group as a unit,


then it takes a singular verb:
● The family is driving across the country this
summer.
● The litter of kittens was born yesterday.
● The jury has reached a decision.
Collective Nouns

If the collective noun refers to individuals in the


group, or parts that make up the group, then it takes
a plural verb:

● The family are each doing a different activity.


● The litter of kittens have been making a mess.
● The jury went back home to their families each
day.
Collective Nouns - Top Tip!

If you’re not sure whether to use the singular or plural


verbs with collective nouns, you can always add
‘members of’ before the collective noun, and then
you can use the plural verb (‘members’ is plural).

● The members of the family are each doing a


different activity.

● The members of the jury went back home to their


families each day.
Extra Points on Subject - Verb Agreement

‘Or’ and ‘nor’

Two singular nouns connected by ‘or’ or ‘nor’ take a


singular verb:

● Neither Elizabeth nor Charles was present.


● Neither she nor her friend can drive.
Extra Points on Subject - Verb Agreement

When one of the nouns connected by ‘or’ or ‘nor’ is


plural, the verb must be plural. The plural subject
must be placed next to the verb:

● Neither Peter nor his parents knew of the plans.


This sounds more natural than:

● Neither his parents nor Peter was aware of this.


Extra Points on Subject - Verb Agreement

After subjects joined by:


Either……or
Neither…….nor
Not only……..but also

The verb agrees with the subject closest to it:

● Not only Brian but also the whole group want an


ice-cream.
● Neither I nor Lisa cares for cooking.
See you next time!

You might also like