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Lithosphere New

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Abhinand Prakash
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17 views3 pages

Lithosphere New

Uploaded by

Abhinand Prakash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

Natural Realms of the Earth-Lithosphere


1. Lithosphere
 Greek Language
 'Litho' - stone or rock
 Spahira - Sphere or ball
 Solid crust/ hard top part of the earth
 Made up of rock & minerals
 Uneven land & no smooth surface
 Consists of mountains, plateaus, high lands, low plains, deep valleys & Oceans.
 The outermost part of the Earth which consists of Upper Mantle and Crust of
the Earth is known as Lithosphere.
 Thickness – about 100 km.
 Two Main Divisions of the Earth’s Surface
 Ocean basins – the huge water bodies.
 Continents – the large land masses

2. Hydrosphere
 Greek Language
 Hudor - Water
 Realm of Water - Hydrosphere
 It includes water bodies on earth surface
 Oceans  Lakes
 Seas  Ponds
 Rivers  Streams
 Water sources
 71% - land covered by oceans
 97.5% - saltwater
 2.5% - freshwater
 69.5% - snow and ice (greatest portion of fresh water)
 30.1% - fresh ground water
 0.34% - fresh water - lakes, rivers & reservoirs
3. Atmosphere
 Greek Lang - Atmos - Vapour
 The earth is surrounded by a layer of gas called the Atmosphere
 The atmosphere extends up to a height of about 1,600 kilometres.
 5 layers
 Troposphere  Mesosphere  Exosphere
 Stratosphere  Thermosphere
 Composed of Gases
 78% - Nitrogen
 21% - Oxygen
 1% - Other gases - Carbon dioxide, Neon, Argon, Methane, Ammonia & Ozone
4. Biosphere
 Greek Lang -Bios - Life
 Narrow zone of contact between the land, water and air
 It is the zone where life exists that makes this planet unique.
 The organisms in the biosphere are commonly divided into:
 the plant kingdom
 the animal kingdom
LAND FORM
Orders of Landforms
1st Order Landforms - Continents & Oceans
2nd Order Landforms - Mountains, Plateaus, Plains
3rd Order Landforms - Valleys, Carved Mountains, deltas & sand dunes
First Order Landforms:
 The primary divisions of the earth’s crust are oceans & continents. These
are called First order of landforms
Second Order Landforms:
 The lands forms like mountains, plateaus & plains. These are called Second
order of landforms/ Endogenic Forces/ Internal forces.
Third Order Landforms:
 The shaping of land forms by wind & water. These are called Third order
of landforms/ Exogenic Forces/External forces.
 These land forms include features like Valleys, carved mountains, deltas &
sand dunes

JIGSAW PUZZLE & MOVING PLATES


PLATES
All the continents & even the oceans are actually situated on massive base of the
rocks.
Major Plates
 Africa  Antarctic
 North America  Eurasia
 South America  Pacific plates
 Indo Australia
Minor Plates
 Nazca
Arabian Plates
PLATE TECTONICS
 Float on the Mantle
 Constantly pushed each other
 Slow movement
 One plate pushes another neighbouring plates
 Pressure is exerted by each other
 One plate pushed under mantle & another up
 Form chain of mountains

SEA FLOOR SPREADING


 Geologists formed mid ocean ridges/ranges
 Formed by lava rising up from mantle
 Eruption took place
 New ocean floor made of Basalt rocks
 Fresh Crust is being slowly pulled away from the ridge widening the
ocean basin.

DRAMA AT THE MARGINS


 Margins/boundaries of the plates creates geologic activity
 Ex: Indian Plate (Deccan Plateau) & Eurasian Plate collided - Himalayas
formed
 Ex: Earth quakes took place in Nepal (April 25, 2015) & Pakistan (June 19,
2021)

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