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XII Distinguish Test

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34 views3 pages

XII Distinguish Test

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kanza khan
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SPEAK & SPELL COACHING CENTER

IX-X-XI-XII (Science & Commerce)


XII CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
SIMPLE CHEMICAL TESTS/ DISTINGUISHING TEST
1. Distinguish between Alkene and Alkyne by simple chemical test.

Alkene or Ethene Alkyne or Ethyne


1) Preparation of White Solid 1) Preparation of White Solid
When ethyne is heated with AgNO3 in ammonia, White Ethene does not show positive reaction
precipitate of silver acetylide is formed. with AgNO3 in ammonia.
𝐴𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎
CH ≡ CH + 2AgNO3 → AgC ≡ CAg + 2HNO3
2) Preparation of Red Solid 2) Preparation of Red Solid
When ethyne is heated with cuprous chloride in ammonia, Ethene does not react with ammonical
copper acetylide (Red solid) is formed. Cu2Cl2 solution.
𝐴𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎
CH ≡ CH + Cu2Cl2 → CuC ≡ CCu + 2HCI

2. Distinguish between Alkene and Benzene by simple chemical tests.

Alkene Benzene
1) Baeyer's Test 1) Baeyer's Test
Alkene decolourizes cold dilute alkaline solution of Benzene does not decolourize the cold
KMnO4. alkaline solution of KMnO4.

3R – CH = CH – R + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O →

3R – CH – CH – R + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
| |
OH OH
2) Bromine water Test 2) Bromine water Test
Alkene compound decolourizes the reddish brown colour Benzene does not decolourize the
of bromine water. reddish brown colour of bromine water.
𝐻2 𝑂
R – CH = CH – R + Br2 → R – CH – CH – R
| |
Br Br

3. Distinguish between Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic Hydrocarbons


1) Aliphalic hydrocarbons burn without soot. 1) Aromatic hydrocarbons burn with soot.

2) They burn with non-luminous flame 2) They burn with a luminous flame.

PREPARED BY: SYED OSAMA ALI Page 1


MS INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY NEDUET
SPEAK & SPELL COACHING CENTER
IX-X-XI-XII (Science & Commerce)
4. Distinguish between Aldehyde and Ketone by simple chemical tests.
Aldehyde Ketone
1) Fehling's Test 1) Fehling's Test
Aldehydes are oxidized by Fehling's solution on warming to Ketones do not show positive reaction
give red precipitate of cuprous oxide. with Fehling's solution.
R–CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH → R–COONa + Cu2O + 3H2O

2) Tollen's Test 2) Tollen's Test


Aldehydes are oxidized by Tollen's reagent (ammonical Ketones do not give silver mirror with
silvernitrate) on warming to form silver mirror. ammonical silver nitrate (Tollen's
reagent).
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑚
R–CHO + 2AgNO3 + NH4OH → RCOONH4 + 2Ag +2HNO3

5. Distinguish between Alcohol and Phenol by simple chemical tests.


Alcohol Phenol
1) Bromine water Test 1) Bromine water Test
Ethyl alcohol does not react with bromine Aqueous solution of phenol reacts with bromine water to
water. give white precipitate of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.

2) Ferric chloride Test 2) Ferric chloride Test


Ethyl alcohol does not react with FeCl3. Aqueous solution of phenol reacts with neutral ferric
chloride solution to give a violet colouration.

3) Iodoform Test: 3) Phenol does not give iodoform test.


Ethyl alcohol on warming with iodine and
alkali solution gives yellow precipitate of
iodoform.
ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
C2H5OH + 4I2 + 3Na2CO3 →
CHI3 + 5Nal + HCOONa + 3CO2 + 2H2O.

4) Esterification: 4) Phenol does not give this test.


Ethyl alcohol when heated with acetic acid
in presence of conc. H2SO4 gives fruity
smell of ester.
C2H5OH + CH3COOH→CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

PREPARED BY: SYED OSAMA ALI Page 2


MS INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY NEDUET
SPEAK & SPELL COACHING CENTER
IX-X-XI-XII (Science & Commerce)
6. Distinguish between Reducing sugar and non-Reducing sugar by simple chemical tests.

Reducing Sugar Non-Reducing Sugar


1) Fehling's Test 1) Fehling's Test
Reducing sugar reduces Fehling's solution to cuprous oxide Non-reducing sugar do not give red
(red precipitate). precipitate of Cu2O with Fehling's
R–CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH → R–COONa + Cu2O +3H2O solution.

2) Tollen's Test 2) Tollen's Test


Reducing sugar reduces Tollen's reagent to silver (neutral Non-reducing sugar does not react with
charge). Tollen's reagent.
R–CHO + 2AgNO3 + NH4OH → R–COONH4 + 2Ag + 2HNO3

7. Distinguish between Fats and Oils by simple chemical test.

Oils / Fats /
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Saturated Hydrocarbons
3) Baeyer's Test 3) Baeyer's Test
Alkene decolourizes cold dilute alkaline solution of Benzene does not decolourize the cold
KMnO4. alkaline solution of KMnO4.
3R – CH = CH – R + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O →

3R – CH – CH – R + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
| |
OH OH
4) Bromine water Test
Alkene compound decolourizes the reddish brown colour 4) Bromine water Test
of bromine water. Benzene does not decolourize the reddish
brown colour of bromine water.
𝐻2 𝑂
R – CH = CH – R + Br2 → R – CH – CH – R
| |
Br Br

PREPARED BY: SYED OSAMA ALI Page 3


MS INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY NEDUET

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