In Microsoft Excel, there are over 450 functions available, categorized into several types based on their

purpose. Here are some of the main categories along with examples of functions within each category:

1. Math and Trigonometry:

SUM: Adds all the numbers in a range.
AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a group of numbers.
SIN, COS, TAN: Trigonometric functions.

2. Statistical:
COUNT: Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.
MEDIAN: Returns the median of the given numbers.
STDEV: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.

3. Logical:
IF: Checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if true, and another value if false.
AND, OR, NOT: Logical operators.

4. Text:
CONCATENATE (or CONCAT in newer versions): Joins several text items into one text item.
LEFT, RIGHT, MID: Extracts specified portions of a text string.
LEN: Returns the number of characters in a text string.

5. Date and Time:

TODAY: Returns the current date.
NOW: Returns the current date and time.
DATE, TIME: Creates a date or time from individual year, month, day, hour, minute, and second
components.

6. Lookup and Reference:

VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP: Looks for a value in a table and returns a corresponding value.
INDEX: Returns the value of an element in a table or array, selected by the row and column number
indexes.
MATCH: Searches for a specified item in a range of cells and returns the relative position of that item.

7. Financial:
PMT: Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
FV: Returns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant
interest rate.
NPV: Calculates the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a
discount rate.

8. Database:
DSUM: Adds the numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions you specify.
 DCOUNT: Counts the cells that contain numbers in a column of a list or database that match conditions
you specify.

9. Engineering:
COMPLEX: Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number.
IMABS: Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number.

10. Information:
ISERROR: Checks whether a value is an error, and returns TRUE or FALSE.
ISNUMBER: Checks whether a value is a number.

11. Web (available in Office 365 and Excel 2016+):

FILTERXML: Returns specific data from XML content using the specified XPath.
WEBSERVICE: Returns data from a web service.

These functions allow Excel to handle a wide variety of tasks, from simple calculations to complex data
analysis and automation. The exact number of functions available can depend on the version of Excel
being used, as Microsoft regularly adds new functions and updates existing ones.
In office settings, Excel users commonly utilize a wide variety of formulas depending on their specific
needs. Some of the most frequently used Excel formulas include:
Basic Arithmetic Formulas
1. SUM: Adds a range of cells.
2. AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a range of cells.
3. MIN and MAX: Find the minimum and maximum values in a range.
4. COUNT and COUNTA: Count the number of cells with numbers and the number of nonempty cells.
5. ROUND: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.
Logical Formulas
1. IF: Performs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result and another for a FALSE result.
2. AND, OR, NOT: Combine multiple conditions.
Lookup and Reference Formulas
1. VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP: Search for a value in the first column/row of a table array and return a value
in the same row/column from a specified column/row.
2. INDEX and MATCH: More flexible alternatives to VLOOKUP/HLOOKUP.
3. LOOKUP: Generalpurpose formula to search for a value.
Text Formulas
1. CONCATENATE: Joins two or more text strings into one string.
2. LEFT, RIGHT, MID: Extract characters from a text string.
3. TRIM: Removes extra spaces from text.
4. UPPER, LOWER, PROPER: Change text case.
5. LEN: Returns the length of a text string.
Date and Time Formulas
1. TODAY and NOW: Returns the current date and date/time.
2. DATE and TIME: Returns a date or time value.
3. DAYS, NETWORKDAYS, WORKDAY: Calculate the difference between dates, considering or ignoring
weekends and holidays.
Financial Formulas
1. PMT: Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
2. FV: Returns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant
interest rate.
3. NPV and IRR: Calculate the net present value and internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.
Statistical Formulas
1. STDEV, STDEVP, STDEV.S, STDEV.P: Calculate the standard deviation.
2. VAR, VARP, VAR.S, VAR.P: Calculate the variance.
3. MEDIAN: Returns the median of the given numbers.
4. MODE: Returns the most frequently occurring value.
Array Formulas
1. TRANSPOSE: Changes the orientation of a range from horizontal to vertical or vice versa.
2. SUMPRODUCT: Returns the sum of the products of corresponding ranges or arrays.

These are just a few examples, and there are many more formulas and functions available in Excel that
cater to various advanced and specialized needs.
In an office environment, the number of Excel formulas used can vary greatly depending on the
complexity of the tasks and the specific needs of the users. Here are some commonly used Excel
formulas in a typical office setting:

Basic Formulas
1. SUM: Adds a range of cells.
excel
=SUM(A1:A10)

2. AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a range of cells.

excel
=AVERAGE(B1:B10)

3. COUNT: Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.

excel
=COUNT(C1:C10)

4. COUNTA: Counts the number of nonempty cells.

excel
=COUNTA(D1:D10)

Text Functions
5. CONCATENATE: Joins several text strings into one.
excel
=CONCATENATE("Hello", " ", "World")

6. LEFT, MID, RIGHT: Extracts characters from a text string.

excel
=LEFT(E1, 5)
=MID(F1, 3, 2)
=RIGHT(G1, 4)

Logical Functions
7. IF: Performs a logical test and returns one value for a TRUE result, and another for a FALSE result.
excel
=IF(H1>10, "Yes", "No")

8. AND, OR, NOT: Combines multiple conditions.

excel
=AND(I1>5, I1<10)
=OR(J1="Yes", K1="No")
=NOT(L1>100)

Lookup and Reference

9. VLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a value in the same row from
a specified column.
excel
=VLOOKUP(M1, N1:P10, 3, FALSE)

10. HLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the top row of a table and returns a value in the same column from
a specified row.
excel
=HLOOKUP(Q1, R1:T10, 2, FALSE)

11. INDEX: Returns a value or reference of the cell at the intersection of a particular row and column, in a
given range.
excel
=INDEX(U1:W10, 3, 2)

12. MATCH: Searches for a specified item in a range of cells, and then returns the relative position of that
item in the range.
excel
=MATCH(X1, Y1:Y10, 0)

Financial Functions
13. PMT: Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate.
excel
=PMT(interest_rate, number_of_payments, present_value)

Date and Time Functions

14. TODAY: Returns the current date.
excel
=TODAY()

15. NOW: Returns the current date and time.

excel
=NOW()

16. DATEDIF: Calculates the difference between two dates.

excel
=DATEDIF(start_date, end_date, "unit")

Statistical Functions
17. MIN, MAX: Returns the smallest or largest value in a set of values.
excel
=MIN(Z1:Z10)
=MAX(AA1:AA10)

18. MEDIAN: Returns the median of the given numbers.

 excel
=MEDIAN(AB1:AB10)

Advanced Functions
19. SUMIF: Adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria.
excel
=SUMIF(AC1:AC10, ">10")

20. SUMIFS: Adds the cells specified by multiple conditions or criteria.

excel
=SUMIFS(AD1:AD10, AE1:AE10, ">=10", AF1:AF10, "<=20")

These formulas cover a wide range of tasks from basic arithmetic to complex data analysis, making Excel
a powerful tool in an office environment.