SAT

Digital Practice
Tests
TABLE OF CONTENT

PRACTICE TEST 1 1-49

PRACTICE TEST 2 50 - 99

PRACTICE TEST 3 100 - 146

PRACTICE TEST 4 147 - 197

PRACTICE TEST 5 198 - 250

PRACTICE TEST 6 251 - 293

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PRACTICE
AMERICAN STUDY
TEST 1

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Practice Test 1

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

AMERICAN STUDY
On November 5, 1966, British artist Tom Phillips was

rummaging through a warehouse full of bargain books

There was just one problem, according to scholars in

the emerging field of behavioral economics: humans

when he found an old, hardbound Victorian novel by W. aren’t rational. In the real world, people make irrational

H. Mallock. The book, which Phillips purchased for economic decisions all the time. For instance, studies of

mere pennies, was titled A Human Document , savings behavior show that many workers choose not

and he decided to make it the raw material for his next to enroll in retirement-savings plans offered by their

art project: a mixed-media book of erasure poetry. This employers even when these plans are _________ in the

project would later bloom into a decades-long workers’ interest. Behavioral economists who have

obsession, as he continued to _____ the near-forgotten studied the issue balme the “default effect,” according

novel into a kaleidoscopic work of art. to which people given a choice tend to favor the option

Which choice completes the text with the most logical presented as the default or status quo.

and precise word or phrase? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) amend and precise word or phrase?

B) mutate A) ostentatiously

C) transform B) expansively

D) rehabilitate C) overwhelmingly

D) extravagantly

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Newcomers were always treated with indifference. Equally clear is the right to hear. To suppress free
Even if you were the best guitar player, or cuíca player, speech is a double wrong. It violates the rights of the
or composer, or cavaquinho player, in the world, you hearer as well as those of the speaker. It is just as
had to be invited to join the circle. Don’t even think criminal to rob a man of his right to speak and hear as
about joining and fighting to set the pace right it would be to rob him of his money. I have no doubt
away-newcomers only follow. The batucada-that that Boston will vindicate this right. But in order to do
glorious, improvised roda sound- was like a school of so, there must be no concessions to the enemy. When
fish, sometimes, floating serenely together, sometimes a man is allowed to speak because he is rich and
darting faster than you could keep up with, but you powerful, it aggravates the crime of denying the right
had to earn the right to lead that school. And the to the poor and humble.
songs? Don’t even think about playing a lighthearted Which choice best describes the function of the
marchinha-those were for once a year, for Carnaval, for underlined sentence in the overall structure of the text?
outsiders. Samba in the roda had mirth but it wasn’t a A) To imply that the right of speech and the
party; it was a lament. When you play samba on the protection of wealth are both essential to the

AMERICAN STUDY
roda, you laugh at your own misery. You and your pursuit of happiness.
loneliness hold hands and traipse through the music, in B) To highlight the illegality of violating free
awe of how pathetic and glorious you both are. speech by juxtaposing the violation with an
Which choice best describes the function of the acknowledged crime.
underlined sentence in the overall structure of the text? C) To point out that when individuals are denied
A) To use sensory imagery to show how a certain the right of free speech, they are also placed at
musical style became widespread. financial risk.
B) To make a comparison between different types D) To suggest that individuals should value the
of artistic expression. right of speech as much as they value the right
C) To provide an analogy to explore the effect of a to amass money.
musical style on a culture.

D) To describe an auditory experience using an

evocative visual image.

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Text 1

Earth is the only known planet that has plate tectonics, and this activity has been proposed as one necessary

condition for the evolution of life. Planetary scientist Diana Valencia and her colleagues found that as planetary

mass increases, there is an increase in the shear stress [stress parallel to a planet's surface] and a decrease in the

plate thickness. Both of these factors weaken the plates and contribute to plate subduction, which is a key

component of plate tectonics. Therefore, the scientists say, the conditions required for plate deformation and

subduction are easily met by super-Earths. Their results show that this is particularly true for the larger

super-Earths.

Text 2

Once they had an idea of what an exoplanet’s mantle and crust might look like, geochemically speaking, the

scientists were able to determine whether that exoplanet’s crust would be dense enough to sink into the mantle,

just as Earth’s oceanic plates do at places like the Cascadia subduction zone - North America’s

1,000-kilometer-long chain of volcanoes built as one plate takes a deep dive beneath another. Making the

calculation involved rigorous modeling: As pressures and temperatures mount during a plate’s descent, atoms in

AMERICAN STUDY
the plate undergo a reorganization that makes the plate denser. Should the plate remain denser than the

surrounding mantle then the plate would continue to sink. If that is the case, plate tectonics might thrive for

billions of years. But if it odess not and the plate stalls, then plate tectonics would shut down, crippling life’s

chances. The results paint a rather depressing result as far as habitability is concerned: At least two thirds of the

simulated planets build a crust that is too buoyant to sink.

In response to the findings stated in Text 1, what would the author of Text 2 most likely point out?

A) The crusts of the super-Earths lack the thermal energy needed to cause deformation and subduction.

B) Conditions required for plate tectonics to occur vary according to the mass of the planet.

C) The buoyancy of most super-Earths’ plates overcomes other forces that sustain ongoing plate

deformation and subduction.

D) There is no direct method for analyzing the geochemical composition of super-Earths.

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The text is adapted from a speech delivered in 1918 by

When Spribille and his colleagues analyzed Bryoria’s
Jeannette Rankin, During the First World War,
Representative Rankin spoke at a congressional debate RNA-the messenger form of DNA-they discovered
about amending the US Constitution to grant women
suffrage. something amazing. “We found that there was this
Deep down in the hearts of the American people is a third thing, riding along in every single sample,” he
living faith in democracy. Sometimes it is not expressed said, referring to the previously unknown
in the most effective way. Sometimes it seems almost basidiomycete. [...] The final proof that this was not an
forgotten. But when the test comes, we find it still elaborate hoax came when the researchers developed
there, groping and aspiring and helping men and green fluorescent markers that attach to specific RNA
women to understand each other and their common sequences in the basidiomycete, and blue markers that
needs. It is our national religion and it prompts in us attach to complementary RNA sequences in the other
the desire for that measure of justice which is based on fungus, an ascomycete. Sure enough, when they added
equal opportunity, equal protection, equal freedom for these markers to samples of lichen tissue, the cells of a
all. In our hearts we know that desire can be realized hidden fungal partner glowed under the microscope.
only when “those who submit to authority have a voice We can’t be certain the second fungus is present in all

AMERICAN STUDY
in their own government”-whether that government be lichens. Spribille’s study only looked at the lichens in
political, industrial or social. the Parmeliaceae family, the most widespread and
Based on the text, what reason would Rankin likely successful group on Earth today. But the entire lineage
suggest for why it is wrong for a democratic is vast and ancient, and it’s possible some groups split
government to deny suffrage to women? off on the evolutionary tree before the basidiomycetes
A) The full set of essential liberties and arrived on the scene.
protections in a democracy is unavailable to Based on the text, what is true about basidiomycete
those denied the right to choose elected yeast?
representatives. A) It may have been absent in distant ancestors
B) The nation’s founding documents enshrine the of the lichens that Spribille studied.
principle that a representative government is B) It may have initially developed as a result of
invalid if rights are restricted. lichen contamination during earlier studies.
C) Only if both men and women have the right to C) It may be impossible to reproduce from
vote can people address the serious problems cultures in a laboratory setting.
that arise in a democracy. D) It may be a necessary component of symbiotic
D) People’s faith in democracy is weakened when organisms other than lichens.
there is a continual need to remind national

leaders of its tenets.

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The natural-ice trade began to decline from the early decades of the twentieth century, though in more remote

areas of North America where electric power was not available but lake ice was abundant in winter, it survived as

late as the 1950s. As ice harvesting died out, the evidence of its former vast scale rapidly disappeared. There was

no alternative use for the great ice-houses, many of which simply burned down, often set alight by a spark from a

steam train-they were surprisingly flammable, as most were made of wood and kept as dry as possible to better

preserve the blocks of ice they housed. But the majority were demolished or simply rotted away.

What is the main idea of the text?

A) The natural-ice industry declined over several decades, leaving few traces of its magnitude.

B) The arrival of the steam train signaled the demise of ice harvesting.

C) Icehouses were extremely flammable and therefore few remain.

D) In the 1950s, the natural-ice industry experienced a short-lived revival.

AMERICAN STUDY

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Macdonald dated a volcanic region, called the Franklin Large Igneous Province (LIP). He discovered the Franklin

LIP became active close to when the first snowball Earth event began around 717 million years ago. Macdonald

and Robin Wordsworth used a combination of geologic evidence and modeling to test whether the Franklin LIP

could be the culprit. In a new study, they show that Franklin LIP’s volcanic activity could have caused extreme

climate change. That is because of a unique combination of factors: First, the Franklin LIP formed in an area rich

in sulfur; as it erupted, large plumes of hot gas and dust would have lofted sulfur particles kilometers into the air.

Sulfur particles block the incoming sun and also keep heat from escaping Earth, which can create either a

warming or cooling effect, depending on the location. That’s why the next piece of physical evidence is key -

geologic records show the Franklin LIP sat at the equator where Earth receives more solar energy than the

amount of heat it radiates back out to space. According to the researchers’ model, if enough sulfur particles

reached high enough into the atmosphere at this equatorial location, it would block enough of the sun’s

incoming energy to trigger runaway cooling.

Based on the text, which additional finding, if true, would most likely help validate Macdonald and Wordsworth’s

hypothesis?

AMERICAN STUDY
A) Several volcanic regions extending beyond the Franklin LIP were also found to be rich in sulfur.

B) The amount of sulfur emitted during volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP was less than the amount of

carbon dioxide emitted.

C) Volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP were powerful enough to propel sulfur particles to an altitude

where they could redirect solar energy.

D) Volcanic activity occurring in the Franklin LIP caused the breakup of Rodinia into several smaller

landmasses.

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A study published in 2014 in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services asked apparel merchandise buyers to

rate (from 1 to 4) the factors they take into account when making purchases. Perhaps unsurprisingly, a product’s

AMERICAN STUDY
seasonal appropriateness received the highest average rating, at 3.39. Other factors that buyers gave the highest

ratings illustrate the wide range of expertise that Surveyke and others in the field must bring to their work. For

instance, understanding the target customer and ____________

Which choice most effectively uses the data from the table to complete the text?

A) current fashion trends each received an average rating of 3.20.

B) The product brand image showed a wide split in priorities among buyers.

C) recognizing a brand’s position in the market received essentially the same ratings.

D) scouting competitors’ products were given ratings below 3.21.

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AMERICAN STUDY
Comparing the population data collected using box traps with the camera traps, the researchers found that the

camera traps were able to provide information about more species of reptiles than the box traps did. The box

traps were able to capture just 3 species, all of which were snakes, and 7 total reptiles. In contrast, the camera

traps detected ___________ and 150 total reptiles. Although the camera traps were unable to detect some of the

snake species identified using the box traps, they were able to provide information on several lizard species that

researchers suspected were able to evade the box traps.

Which choice most effectively uses the data from the table to complete the text?

A) 144 species of lizards, 6 species of snakes,

B) 4 species of lizards, 6 species of snakes,

C) 6 species, including both snakes and lizards,

D) 27 lizards, 6 species of snakes,

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AMERICAN STUDY
Roboticist Masahio Mori speculated that likability plummets for robots in the 75 to 90 percent human

resemblance range __________________________ Mori’s name for this proposed zone of decreased likability-the

uncanny valley-alludes to the eeriness and unfaminilarity evoked by these almost-but-not-quite-human robots.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

A) but that the drop occurs only if the robots are moving.

B) and that the drop is more pronounced for moving robots.

C) but that the change in likability is identical for moving and still robots.

D) and that still robots in this range are the least likable.

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AMERICAN STUDY

A 2014 study found that 50 percent of those surveyed believed that businesses sometimes write negative reviews

about competitors, and a further 18 percent believed businesses did so often. The individuals surveyed also

thought that businesses write positive reviews of their own products or services, with 43 percent of respondents

saying this happens sometimes and 36 percent saying it happens often. And even when they did not suspect

direct interference from the businesses respondents ________________ 48 percent thought that individuals

sometimes write online reviews without purchasing the products or services, and 16 percent thought that this

occurs often. Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

A) rarely considered whether reviews were honest:

B) had doubts about the validity of customer reviews:

C) did not purchase products or services with fraudulent reviews:

D) preferred products or services with higher numbers of reviews:

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Researchers have long warned of salinization, the increasing concentration of dissolved salts, in freshwater

ecosystems. Less attention, however, has been paid to the role of alkalinization, or rising pH, in the salinization

process. As observed in a 2018 study led by University of Maryland geology professor Sujay Kaushal,

alkalinization and salinization are crucially linked occurrences in North American fresh waterways. Given the

environmental threat of what Kaushal terms “freshwater salinization syndrome,” it is imperative that scientists

______________________

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) take a more holistic approach and account for alkalinization processes when studying waterway

salinization.

B) keep in mind that the syndrome is most prevalent in densely populated areas when studying waterway

salinization.

C) recognize symptoms of the syndrome, such as infrastructure corrosion and contaminant mobilization

when studying waterway salinization.

D) consider the research methods and technologies used when studying waterway salinization.

AMERICAN STUDY
It would be helpful for Shira Suveyke to be able to foresee the future. As a retail merchandise buyer for online

fashion retailer the Outnet, Suveyke can only do her best to predict which pieces of clothing will appeal to

customers in order to decide which products will be sold on the company’s website. Suveyke must make key

purchasing decisions that balance both market and aesthetic ___________ ensure that the right items are in stock

when customers want them.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) considerations. To

B) considerations, to

C) considerations to

D) considerations; to

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Scottish artist Katie Paterson creates conceptual art projects that invite viewers to consider their relationship to

nature, focusing on the immensity of space and time. For her piece Inside this desert lies the tiniest grain of sand,

she asked nanotechnology experts to fashion the world’s tiniest fragment of sand, which she then buried in the

vast wastelands of the Sahara. Her Fossil Necklace is a necklace of 170 fossils, each symbolizing a different

milestone in the development of life on Earth over billions of years. Paterson’s new work, Future Library, explores

the links between the natural world, time, and human activity in an exciting new _______ the project involves

planting a small forest and, one hundred years later, turning it into a book.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) way:

B) way and

C) way,

D) way; as

AMERICAN STUDY
British artist Tom Phillips never planned to read Traditional salinization tests that solely _______ on

Mallock’s book; instead, he would “treat” it. In this sodium chloride, a salt often used to decide roads, are

process, Phillips _______ the book to a random page inadequate in studying the increased salinity and pH of

then erase, cross out, paint over, or otherwise freshwater systems. Sodium chloride does not make

manipulate the text so that the carefully selected water more alkaline, but other salts-such as those

remaining words would create a unique, poetic containing positive ions of calcium, potassium, and

message. In one of his earliest treatments, he folded magnesium-do. Such salts are released by numerous

the title page of Mallock’s novel, truncating “A Human processes, including mining, agriculture, and,

Document” to “A Humument.” counterintuitively, acid rain.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) would open A) focus

B) had opened B) were focusing

C) opens C) will focus

D) opened D) had been focused

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Together, alkalinization and salinization pose a double Classical economic theory is predicated on a bedrock

threat to the health of freshwater ecosystems and the assumption about human behavior: people make

animals that rely on them. Among ____ many effects, economic decisions rationally and in their own

higher salinity can cause greater levels of phosphates self-interest. The law of supply and demand, for

to be leached into rivers and streams, fostering the example, which holds that as the supply of an item

growth of harmful algae and bacteria. Elevated pH, increases, its price decreases, assumes that each

meanwhile, can cause ammonium, a nutrient already shopper will strive to pay as little as possible for the

present in water, to convert into toxic ammonia gas, item. From the nineteenth century until quite recently,

resulting in decreased biodiversity. _______________________ formed the basis of most

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to economic models.

the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) its the conventions of Standard English?

B) it’s A) there was this rational “economic man”; Homo

economicus
C) their

AMERICAN STUDY
B) this rational “economic man,” Homo
D) they’re
economicus,
C) “economic man,” being the rational Homo
economicus,
D) Homo economicus was a rational “economic

man” and

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In 1970, _____________ _ proposed a hypothesis to Species throughout time have been shaped by

account for an emerging challenge in his field-namely, divergent evolution, in which a population becomes

that people react negatively to robots that closely more distinct from the rest of its species as it adapts to

resemble human beings. The problem, he argued, is a habitat. Biologists have long assumed that most

that a robot’s likability has a nonlinear relationship with organisms will initially struggle to survive when faced

the degree to which it resembles a human. That is, with an unfamiliar environment. _______ a recent study

robots bearing little or no resemblance to humans by biologists Daniel Bolnick and William Stutz at the

elicit little response, and as robots resemble humans University of Texas at Austin shows how newcomers to

more closely, their likeability increases, with moving an ecosystem can thrive, allowing locally rare traits to

robots that completely resemble humans being the persist and keeping different populations within the

most likable. same species genetically closer together.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text with the most logical

the conventions of Standard English? transition?

A) roboticist, Masahiro Mori A) However,

AMERICAN STUDY
B) roboticist Masahiro Mori, B) In addition,

C) roboticist Masahiro Mori C) Therefore,

D) roboticist, Masahiro Mori, D) Moreover,

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In a study published in the Journal of Comparative An individual who wants to purchase a new laptop

Psychology in 2018, Bräuer and Belger sought to learn computer can get reviews of the available models from

if dogs mentally represent what they smell. __________ one of the many websites where customers post their

the scientists wondered whether dogs have own reviews. However, many consumers are concerned

expectations of what they search for or whether they about the trustworthiness of anonymous customer

simply follow a trail of positive stimuli. appraisals or are simply overwhelmed by the countless,

Which choice completes the text with the most logical often conflicting ______ there is growing demand for the

transition? objective, reputable reviews provided by a professional

A) In other words, reviewing service. Those who enjoy trying new

B) Nevertheless, products and sharing their opinions may even consider

C) However, becoming professional reviewers who conduct

D) As a result, extensive product research and report on their

findings.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

AMERICAN STUDY
transition?

A) reviews,

B) reviews; now that

C) reviews, so

D) reviews, therefore,

Although there are countless neutrinos in the universe emphasizes how numerous neutrinos are, actually

detecting them is a formidable task. Neutrinos carry no electrical charge, are practically weightless, and travel at

nearly the speed of light. Neutrinos are rarely affected by matter or electromagnetic fields. ____________ many

neutrinos have been travelling through space unimpeded for billions of years.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) For this purpose,

B) In contrast,

C) Besides,

D) In fact,

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Started in 1925, the Scripps National Spelling Bee is a US-based spelling competition.

● The words used in the competition have diverse linguistic origins.

● In 2008, Sameer Mishra won by correctly spelling the word “guerdon.”

● “Guerdon” derives from the Anglo-French word “guerdun.”

● In 2009, Kavya Shivashankar won by correctly spelling the word “Laodicean.”

● “Laodicean” derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”

The student wants to emphasize a difference in the origins of the two words. Which choice most effectively uses

relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) “Guerdon,” the final word of the 2008 Scripps National Spelling Bee, is of Anglo-French origin, while the

following year’s final word, “Laodicean,” derives from ancient Greek.

B) In 2008, Sameer Mishra won the Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling the word “guerdon”;

however, the following year, Kavya Shivashankar won based on spelling the word “Laodicean.”

C) Kavya Shivashankar won the 2009 Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling “Laodicean,” which

AMERICAN STUDY
derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”

D) The Scripps National Spelling Bee uses words from diverse linguistic origins, such as “guerdon” and

“Laodicean.”

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments they had found in the ruins of Cancun, a Chinese

farming village.

● The fragments were estimated to be 5,300 years old.

● A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that the cats had consumed large amounts of grain.

● The grain consumption is evidence that the Quan Ucun cats may have been domesticated.

The student wants to present the Quanhucun study and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively uses

relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) As part of a 2013 study of cat domestication, a chemical analysis was conducted on cat bone fragments

found in Quanhucun, China.

B) A 2013 analysis of cat bone fragments found in Quanhucun, China, suggests that cats there may have

been domesticated 5,300 years ago.

C) In 2013, archaeologists studied what cats in Quanhucun, China, had eaten more than 5,000 years ago.

D) Cat bone fragments estimated to be 5,300 years old were found in Quanhucun, China, in 2013.

AMERICAN STUDY

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to

any other module in the test.

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