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2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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2015年全国硕士研究生入学统 一 考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with — or even
looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree
by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.
It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —
because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But
you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the
4 : "Please don't approach me."
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We
fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "weird." We fear
we'll be_]_. We fear we'll be disruptive.
Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9
when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To
avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security
blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we
perceive is going to be more 11 ."
But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look
up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas
Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 .
They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and
Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they
would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be
more pleasant if they sat on their own," The New York Times summarizes. Though the
participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the
experiment, "not a single person reported having been embarrassed."
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those
without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off
of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel
connected.
-1-
1. [A] signal [B] permit [C] ticket [D] record
2. [A] nothing [B] little [C] another [D] much
3. [A] beaten [B] plugged [C] guided [D] brought
4. [A] message [B] code [C] notice [D] sign
5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from
6. [A] misapplied [B] misinterpreted [C] misadj usted [D] mismatched
7. [A] judged [B] fired [C] replaced [D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable [B] confident [C] anxious [D] angry
10. [A] attend [B] tum [C] take [D] point
11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring
12. [A] bend [B] resist [C] hurt [D] decay
13. [A] lecture [B] debate [C] conversation [D] negotiation
14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers
15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design
16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride
17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up
18. [A] In tum [B] In fact [C] In particular [D] In consequence
19. [A] unless [B] whereas [C] if [D] since
20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
-2-
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more
stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a
stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it
higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
"Fu门her contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as
men have lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the researchers,
Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. "It is men,
not women, who report being happier at home than at work." Another surprise is that
the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for
nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.
What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when
they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.
For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay
home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home,
they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and
the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for
working women, it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're
supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in
order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of
physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household
in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a
lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home
colleagues —
your family — have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be
talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all
electronic devices. Plus, they're your family. You cannot fire your family. You never
really get to go home from home.
So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the
tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
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21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home .
[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
[A] Working mothers.
[B] Childless husbands.
[C] Working fathers.
[D] Childless wives.
23. The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that .
[A] their home is also a place for kicking back
[B] they are both bread winners and housewives
[C] there is often much housework left behind
[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office
24. The word "moola" (Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means .
[A] skills
[B] energy
[C] earnings
[D] nutrition
25. The home front differs from the workplace in that .
[A] family labor is often adequately rewarded
[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment
[C] household tasks are generally more motivating
[D] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
-4-
Text2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students - those who
do not have a parent with a college degree — lag other students on a range of
education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are
higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they
succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to
recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation
students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has
"continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on
social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the
journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to
this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost
program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as
grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are
based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed
private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four
year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were
recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while
this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a
four-year degree.
Their thesis — that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact —
was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in
potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most
college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the
gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of
higher education, learn the 'rules of the game,' and take advantage of college
resources," they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk
about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.
"Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can
affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight
about why they are struggling and do not understand how students 'like them' can
improve.
-5- 淘宝店铺：“研胜教育”提供更多考试资源
. .
26. Recru1tmg more first-generation students has .
[A] reduced their dropout rates
[B] narrowed the achievement gap
[C] missed its original purpose
[D] depressed college students
27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because .
[A] their findings appeal to students
[B] the recruiting rate has increased
[C] the problem is solvable
[D] their approach is costless
28. The study suggests that most first-generat10n students .
[A] are from single-parent families
[B] study at private universities
[C] are in need of financial support
[D] have failed their college
29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students .
[A] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
[B] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
[C] can have a potential influence on other students
[D] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that .
[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
[B] students are usually to blame for their lack ofresources
[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
-6-
Text3
Even in traditional offices, "the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten
much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago," said
Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples.
"If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much
less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were
strategies, there were objectives, but we didn't talk about energy; we didn't talk about
passion.
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very "team" -
oriented - and not by coincidence. "Let's not for g et sports - in male-dominated
corporate America, it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious; it's the idea that
I'm a coach, and you're my team, and we're in this together. There are lots and lots of
CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is
their team and they want to win. "
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning — and, as Rakesh
Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the 伍m. "You have the
importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit
organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and
purpose," said Khurana.
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid
increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The "mommy wars" of the 1990s
are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all
and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become a buz研ord in its
own right. Terms like unplug, offline, lifi.动 ack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about
setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your
"passion," you'll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going
home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but
managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As a
linguist once said, "You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same time that
you buy into it." In a workplace that's fundamentally indifferent to your life and its
meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work — and
how your work defines who you are.
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31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become .
[A] less strategic
[B] less energetic
[C] more objective
[D] more emotional
32. "Tearn" -onented corporate vocabulary is closely related to .
[A] sports culture
[B] gender difference
[C] historical incidents
[D] athletic executives
33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to .
[A] revive historical tern飞
[B] promote company image
[C] foster corporate cooperation
[D] strengthen employee loyalty
34. It can be inferred that Lean In .
[A] voices for working women
[B] appeals to passionate workaholics
[C] triggers debates among mommies
[D] praises motivated employees
35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
[A] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.
[B] Regular people mock it but accept it.
[C] Companies find it to be fundamental.
[D] Managers admire it but avoid it.
-8-
Text4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for
June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And
they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We
still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now
finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely
overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily
working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 ( 4.4 percent ) above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an
important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time
jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in
involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means
that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction
has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the
recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time
employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Departinent asks
people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is "yes,"
they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked
less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or
because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if
they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main
purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many
people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with
serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was
through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get
insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously
have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover
themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between
employment and insurance.
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36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.
[B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
[C] The possibility of full employment.
[D] The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they .
[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet
[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
[D] haven' t seen the weakness of the market
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US .
[A] shows a general tendency of decline
[B] is harder to acquire than one year ago
[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless
[D] is lower than before the recession
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, .
[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
[B] full-time employment is still essential for insurance
[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
[D] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
40. The text mainly discusses .
[A] employment in the US
[B] part-timer classification
[C] insurance through Medicaid
[D] Obamacare's trouble
- 10 -
PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are
two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] You are not alone
[B] Experience helps you grow
[C] Pave your own unique path
[D] Most of your fears are unreal
[E] Think about the present moment
[F] Don't fear responsibility for your life
[G] There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad
experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic
relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the
most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won't last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater
understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and
eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to
share these old truths I've learned along the way.
41.
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us
by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create
inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once
said, "Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me.
Danger is very real. But fear is a choice." I do completely agree that fears are just the
product of our luxuriant imagination.
42.
- 11 -
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to
focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious
about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present
with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and
remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around
and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of
future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the
present.
43.
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You
can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the
things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of
crying and complaining about something.
44.
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you
should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost
everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in
your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends
who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or
relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are
always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45.
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by
gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and
show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to
achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your
decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own
values and make your own choices.
- 12 -
Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to
work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and
turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy to lose concentration
on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that
you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it
takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down
a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow
more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember
the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it was
shorter.
- 13 -
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students.
Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2) call for volunteers.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
PartB
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
其他
20%
新年礼物
40%
我 国 某 市 居 民乔 节 假 期 花 销 比 例
- 14 -
