MATH 002

Geometry
 SOLID
GEOMETRY
The pyramid and cones are
alike because their lateral
faces meet at a vertex. Also,
PYRAMIDS AND their volumes are equal to
CONES one-third of the product of
their bases and altitudes.
 Pyramids
A pyramid is a type of polyhedron that has one special
face called the base. All of the other faces are triangles
that all meet at a single vertex.
Parts of a Pyramid
Apex/Vertex - The point where the lateral edges meet.
Altitude/Height - the perpendicular distance between
the bases of the pyramid.
Lateral faces - are triangles that meet at one point,
which is called the vertex.
Slant height - the altitude of a face of a pyramid.
 Types of Pyramids
Based on the shape of the base, the pyramid is classified
into different types.

Triangular Pyramid
if the base of the pyramid is
in a triangular shape (base
with 3 sides)

Square Pyramid
If the base of the pyramid is
in the shape of a square
(base with 4 sides)

Pentagonal Pyramid
If the base of the pyramid is
in the shape of a pentagon
(base with 5 sides)
Classifications of Pyramids

Right Pyramid
The apex of this pyramid is
exactly over the middle of
the base

Oblique Pyramid
The apex of this pyramid is
not exactly over the middle
of its base
Classifications of Pyramids

Regular Pyramid
If the base of a polygon is
regular, it is labelled as
Regular Pyramid

Irregular Pyramid
A pyramid with an irregular
polygon as a base is called
an irregular pyramid.
 Pyramid Formulas
Surface Area of a Pyramid

𝟏
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓(𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝟐
𝟏
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 + 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓(𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝟐
Volume of a Pyramid

𝟏
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂(𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆)
𝟑
 Cones
A cone is a three-dimensional shape in geometry that narrows
smoothly from a flat base (usually circular base) to a point(which
forms an axis to the center of base) called the apex or vertex
Properties of a Cone
1. A base of a cone is circular.
2. There is one face and one vertex.
3. The slant height of a cone is the length of the line
segment joining the apex of the cone to any point on the
circumference of the base of the cone.
 Types of Cones
Right Circular Cone
- A cone which has a circular base and the axis from
the vertex of the cone towards the base passes through
the center of the circular base.
 Types of Cones
Oblique Cone
- A cone which has a circular base but the axis of the
cone is not perpendicular with the base.
 Cone Formulas
Surface Area of a Cone

𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝝅(𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔)(𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 + 𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)

Volume of a Cone

𝟏
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂(𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆)
𝟑
𝟏
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 (𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝟑
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Find the volume of the square pyramid, if its base area is 56 cm2 and its
height is 9 cm.
Given: Base area = 56𝑐𝑚2
Height = 9𝑐𝑚

𝟏
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂(𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆)
𝟑
𝟏
= (𝟓𝟔𝒄𝒎𝟐 )(𝟗𝒄𝒎)
𝟑
𝟏
= (𝟓𝟎𝟒𝒄𝒎𝟑 )
𝟑
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝒄𝒎𝟑
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Find the total surface area of the square pyramid if each side of the
base measures 16 cm, and the slant height is 17 cm, and the altitude is
15 cm.
Given: Sides = 16cm
Slant Height = 17𝑐𝑚
Altitude = 15𝑐𝑚
𝟏
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 + 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓(𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝟐
Base area = “Square Base” Base perimeter = “Square Base”
Base area = 16cm(16cm) Base perimeter = 16cm x 4 sides
Base area =256𝑐𝑚2
𝟏
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 + 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓(𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝟐
𝟏
= 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝒄𝒎𝟐 + (𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟔)(𝟏𝟕𝒄𝒎)
𝟐
𝟏
= 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝒄𝒎 + (𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟖𝒄𝒎𝟑 )
𝟐
𝟐
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟐
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Find the volume of the cone if radius, r = 4 cm and height, h = 7 cm.

Given: radius = 4cm

Height = 7cm

𝟏
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂(𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆)
𝟑
𝟏
= (𝝅𝒓𝟐 )(𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆)
𝟑
𝟏
= 𝝅(𝟒𝒄𝒎)𝟐 (𝟕𝒄𝒎)
𝟑
𝟏
= (𝟏𝟏𝟐𝝅𝒄𝒎𝟑 )
𝟑
𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝝅 𝒄𝒎𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟏𝟕. 𝟐𝟖𝟔𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝟑
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
What is the total surface area of the cone with the radius = 3 cm and
height = 5 cm?
Given: Radius = 3 cm
Altitude = 5 cm
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝝅(𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔)(𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 + 𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
To solve for the slant height, we use Pythagorean Theorem:
𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Altitude Let a = 3cm, b = 5 cm and c as the
= 5 cm hypotenuse
𝒄𝟐 = (𝟑)𝟐 +(𝟓)𝟐 = 𝟗 + 𝟐𝟓
𝒄 = 𝟑𝟒
Radius = 3 cm

𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝝅(𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔)(𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔 + 𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)

= 𝝅(𝟑𝒄𝒎)(𝟑𝒄𝒎 + 𝟑𝟒)
𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟐𝟑𝒄𝒎𝟐
SEATWORK:
1. A regular hexagonal pyramid has one lateral edge which measures
10cm. The length of one side of its base is 6 cm. Find the altitude and
the slant height of the given pyramid. Also, find the volume and the total
surface area.

2. A right circular cone with an altitude of 25cm and a base diameter of

20cm rests on top of a right circular cylinder of the same base and
30cm high.
a. Find the lateral area and volume of the cone.
b. Find the total surface area and the total volume of the two
composite solids.
THANK YOU
-EJCB