Meycauayan National High School

Camino Road, Camalig, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan

Senior High School

JUST A
 CLASSROOM RULES
❑ Always be on time.
❑ Respect and listen to your teacher
and classmates.
❑ Raise your hand to speak.
❑ Always be ready to learn.
❑ Cooperate in our class recitation.
❑Always do your Best!
 Meycauayan National High School
Camino Road, Camalig, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan
Senior High School

MODULE 3
Quarter 1

PROKARYOTIC
and EUKARYOTIC CELLS
EDNA M. ANIES
Master Teacher I
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
1. Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
according to their distinguishing features
(STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3)

Specific Objectives
a. identify prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; and
b. compare and contrast prokaryotic to eukaryotic
cells
.
TRY THIS!
 Choose one organelle and explain its
characteristic/s or function/s

DNA Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus Vacuoles Cell membrane

Flagellum Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm

 Overview
All living organisms (bacteria, blue green algae, plants and
animals) have cellular organization and may contain one or many
cells. The organisms with only one cell in their body are called
unicellular organisms (bacteria, blue green algae, some algae,
Protozoa, etc.). The organisms having many cells in their body
are called multicellular organisms (fungi, most plants and
animals). Any living organism may contain only one type of cell
either. The term prokaryotic and eukaryotic were suggested by
Hans Ris. Prokaryotic means prokaryotes (pro–before; karyon-
nucleus). Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are
eukaryotes (eu– = true).
 PROKARYOTIC CELLS
All living organisms (bacteria, blue green algae, plants and animals) have cellular
organization and may contain one or many cells. The organisms with only one cell in their
body are called unicellular organisms (bacteria, blue green algae, some algae, Protozoa, etc.).
The organisms having many cells in their body are called multicellular organisms (means
before nucleus in Greek. They include all cells which lack nucleus and other membrane
Prokaryote ne bound organelles. Mycoplasma, virus, bacteria and cyanobacteria or blue-
green algae are prokaryotes. Most prokaryotes range between 1 µm to 10 µm, but they
can vary in size from 0.2 µm to 750 µm, they belong to two taxonomic domains which are
the bacteria and the archaea. Most prokaryotes are unicellular, exceptions being
myxobacteria which have multicellular stages in their life cycles. They are membrane bound,
mostly unicellular organisms lacking any internal membrane bound organelles. prokaryotes
lack cell organelle, they harbor few internal structures, such as cytoskeletons, ribosomes,
which translate mRNA to proteins. Membranous organelles are known in some groups of
prokaryotes, such as vacuoles or membrane systems devoted to special metabolic properties,
e.g., photosynthesis, some species also contain protein-enclosed micro compartments, which
have distinct physiological roles.
PROKARYOTIC CELL
 Components of Prokaryotic Cell

• a plasma membrane, an outer covering that

separates the cell’s interior from its
surrounding environment
All cells share four
common • cytoplasm, consisting of a jelly-like region
components: within the cell in which other cellular
components are found;
• DNA, the genetic material of the cell;
• ribosomes, particles that synthesize proteins.
However, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotic
cells in several ways.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320875
EUKARYOTIC CELL
 EUKARYOTIC CELLS
A eukaryotic cell consists of membrane bound organelles. They
belong to the taxa Eukaryota. All species of large complex
organisms are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi
and most species of protist microorganisms. Eukaryotes appear
to be monophyletic (organisms that form a clade) and make up
one of the three domains of life. The two other domains, Bacteria
and Archaea, are prokaryotes and have none of the above
features. Eukaryotes represent a tiny minority of all living things;
even in a human body there are 10 times more microbes than
human cells. However, due to their much larger size their
collective worldwide biomass is estimated at about equal to that of
prokaryotes. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotic genome is enclosed
in the nucleus surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
 • Other then the nucleus many
membrane bound organelles dwell in
their cell cytoplasm. Cell division
involves separating of the genome
which is in the form of tightly
packed condensed structure known
as the chromosomes, through
movements directed by the
cytoskeleton.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320875
Classification: The eukaryotes are composed
of four kingdoms:

Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
 Cell features:

Eukaryotic cells are much larger than

prokaryotic cells. Range between 10 to 100
micrometers. They have a variety of internal
membranes and structures, called organelles,
and a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments,
which play an important role in defining the
cell's organization and shape.
 Internal membrane

Eukaryote cells include a variety of

membrane-bound structures, collectively
referred to as the endomembrane
system involved in various functions.
Simple compartments, called vesicles or
vacuoles, can form by budding off other
membranes.
 Key features of Eukaryotic cells have:

1. A membrane-bound nucleus, a central cavity surrounded by

membrane that houses the cell’s genetic material.

2. A number of membrane-bound organelles, compartments with

specialized functions that float in the cytosol. (Organelle means
“little organ,” and this name reflects that the organelles, like the
organs of our body, have unique functions as part of a larger
system.)

3. Multiple linear chromosomes, as opposed to the single

circular chromosome of a prokaryote.
 Key features of Eukaryotic cells have:
Characteristic Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Size of cell Typically 0.1-5.0 mm in diameter Typically 10-100 mm in diameter
Nucleus No nuclear membrane or nucleoli True nucleus, consisting
of nuclear membrane and nucleoli
Membrane-enclosed Absent Present; examples include lysosomes, golgi complex,
organelles endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and
chloroplast
Flagella Consist of two protein building blocks Complex, consist of multiple microtubules
Glycocalyx Present as a capsule or slime layer Present in some cells that lack a cell wall
Cell Wall Usually present; chemically complex (typical When present, chemically simple
bacterial cell wall
includes peptidoglycan)
Plasma membrane No carbohydrates and generally lacks sterols Sterols and carbohydrates that serve as receptors
present
Cytoplasm No cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes Smaller size (70S) Larger size (80S); smaller
size (70S) in organelles
Chromosome (DNA Single circular chromosome; lack Multiple linear chromosomes with
Arrangment) histones histones
Cell division Binary fission Mitosis
 Meycauayan National High School
Camino Road, Camalig, City of Meycauayan, Bulacan
Senior High School

PERFORMANCE TASK 1
CELL STRUCTURE
(Individual task)

AUGUST 31, 2022

 INSTRUCTION

Construct a 3D model of a
plant/animal/ bacterial cell using
recyclable materials
 ASSIGMENT NO. 2

Illustrate the structure of the

mitochondria, label its parts, and
understand the importance of the
enfolding of the inner mitochondrial
membrane
Hungry for Information?
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