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Bending

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25 views28 pages

Bending

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صيانة موبايلات
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Strength of Materials

2nd Stage (2021-2022)


Civil Engineering Department
Dr. Ali Hassan Ali
Syllabus
Chapter Topic
0 Primary Introduction
1 Stress
2 Strain
3 Mechanical Properties of Materials
4 Axial Deformation
5 Shear Forces and Bending Moments diagrams
6 Torsion
7 Bending Stresses in Beams
8 Shear Stress in Beams
9 Deflection of Beams
10 Statically Indeterminate Beams
11 Stress Transformation
12 Strain Transformation
13 Combined Loads
References

• Philpot, T.A. (2017). Mechanics of


Materials: An Integrated Learning System.
4th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• Hibbeler, R.C. (2011). Mechanics of


Materials. 8th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall.
• To understand the concept of stress and strain.
• To be familiar with the numerical equations of stress and
strain and the background theory.
• To know how to draw a free body diagram for the
structural members.
• To analyse different types and directions of loadings.
• To assess the mechanical properties of materials.
Outcomes of
• To be familiar with the behaviour of beams in bending and
courses torsion.
• To analyse the behaviour of beams in shear and deflection.
• To understand the classifications of beams, e.g.,
determinate, indeterminate…etc.
• To be familiar with the stress transformation by using
Mohr’s circle.
• To analyse axially compressed members, i.e., columns.
Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
7.2

Figure 7.2a.
Figure 7.5.

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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FIGURE 7.5.
Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

Figure 7.6.

FIGURE 7.6

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
The bending stress of beams is inversely related to their section moduli, S, as shown in
Equation (7.4). If a choice is given between two shapes having the same allowable stress,
the shape with larger S is the better choice because it will be able to withstand more
bending moment than the one with a smaller S.

(7.4)

7.6a)

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
EXAMPLE 7.3

EXAMPL
E 7.3

EXAMPLE 7.3

9
Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
EXAMPLE 7.3

EXAMPLE 7.3

10
Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

7.3

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

Figure 7.7a Figure 7.7a

FIGURE 7.7

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

1- Calculate the modular ratio, n as shown in Equation (7.5).

(7.5)

2- Transform Material 2 into an equivalent amount of Material 1. The cross section is


transformed in the following manner: The area of Material 1 is unmodified, meaning that its
original dimensions remain unchanged. The area of Material 2 is transformed into an equivalent
area of Material 1 by multiplication of the actual width by the modular ratio, n. The height of
Material 2 is kept the same. Since Material 2 is stiffer than Material 1; in other words, E2 > E1
(Figure 7.7b); more area of Material 1 will be required to transmit the same force that could be
transmitted by a small area of Material 2.

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
3- Calculate the neutral axis position for the transformed section.
4- Calculate the moment of inertia, It of the transformed section about its neutral axis.
5- Calculate the bending stresses for each of the two materials by:

(7.6)

(7.7)

As could be seen from Equation (7.7), when the transformed section method is used to calculate
bending stresses at locations in corresponding to Material 2 in the actual cross section, the
flexure formula must be multiplied by the modular ratio, n.

19
Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
Figure 7.8a
Figure 7.8b

Figure 7.8c

FIGURE 7.8

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
EXAMPLE 7.4

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

Equation (7.6)

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

Equation (7.6) is used

Equation (7.7):

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
H.W.2:
The wood beam has a rectangular cross section in the proportions shown. Determine its required
dimension (b) if the allowable bending stress, allow is 10 MPa.

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Chapter 7 Bending Stresses in Beams
H.W.3:
The composite beam shown in the Figure below is formed of a wood beam and a steel
reinforcing plate. The beam is subjected to a positive bending moment M = 60 kips.in.
Using the transformed-section method, calculate the largest tensile and compressive
stresses in the wood (material 1) and the maximum and minimum tensile stresses in
the steel (material 2) if E1 = 1500 ksi and E2 = 30,000 ksi.

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