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8 views

Notes CS

Uploaded by

XD derp02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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*What is Von Neumann architecture?

Is an computer architecture that consists on these key features:


- CPU
- CU
- ALU
- Cache
- Clock
- Can fetch, decode, and execute instructions

MAR - stores where we should get data from or stored into (e.g., either getting
data from mem location #1, or storing the data in the AC to the mem location of
MAR)

MDR - Stores data part of mem location, or data that is going to be written to the
memory.

Fetch stage - Check PC, MAR gets data from RAM and brings it back to MDR (after it
splits in two w/ address in MAR, and instruction in CIR)

Decode stage - CU decodes it ez

Execute stage - Depends on the CIR lol.

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*What affects the performance of CPU?*

- Clock speed (Hz) = # of instruction cycles per second


- Cache size (MB) = Temp. data storage (gazillion times than RAM, but CPU is
small)
- # of cores (# of CPUs)

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*Sensors*

Acoustic - Detects sound level (like a microphone)


Accelerometer - Detects change in velocity (like a car)
Flow sensor - Detects motion of liquid or gas passing through (like in pipes)
Gas - detects gas levels (like in a greenhouse)
...

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*Types of storage*

Primary storage - RAM, ROM (READ-ONLY MEMORY), registers and cache (all volatile*
except for ROM and small space. But fast.)
Secondary storage - HDDs, SSDs and others that go into YOUR device (all non-
volatile and big space. But slow. Can be written on)
(Tertiary storage - Servers with data backup.)

When starting PC, everyone is not awake, except for CPU, and doesn't see the Hard
Drive (having all the components of the OS), so ROM (with bootstrap telling to do a
POST*) exists to the rest wake up.

Types of Secondary storage:


- Optical: CD, DVD, Blu-ray (order of storage size, has pits and lands, + pits =
more storage. Advantages: Cheap, light, portable. Disadvantages: Slow to read,
prone to scratches) READ ONLY!!!
- Magnetic Storage: HDD (Uses a drive head to read stuff in a disk. Pos: Cheap,
large storage. Neg: Slow, fragile)
- SSD/Flash: SSD and USB pen (Works by forcing electrons to go in between two
oxide layers, but eventually the layers deteriorate. Pos: Durable (in the sense
that it is hard), fast. Neg: Costly, limited number of uses.)

*volatile = Disappear after the device is turned off or replaced by another program
(short term memory)
*POST = Power-on self-test

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