Project 03: 演奏音乐

实验简介
小车扩展板上有个喇叭功放元件，它常用来播放音乐，作为一些音乐播放设备的外接扩
音设备。

在本实验中，我们利用喇叭功放元件来播放一首音乐。

元件知识
喇叭功放元件：
* *喇叭功放元件（原理相当于无源蜂鸣器），其内部不带震荡电路，
控制时需要在元件正极输入不同频率的方波，负极接地，从而控制喇叭功放元件响起不同频
率的声音。

实验代码：
1 /*
2 Project 03 Buzzer
3 Buzzer plays music
4 */
5 #define NOTE_B0 31
6 #define NOTE_C1 33
7 #define NOTE_CS1 35
8 #define NOTE_D1 37
9 #define NOTE_DS1 39
10 #define NOTE_E1 41
11 #define NOTE_F1 44
12 #define NOTE_FS1 46
13 #define NOTE_G1 49
14 #define NOTE_GS1 52
15 #define NOTE_A1 55
16 #define NOTE_AS1 58
17 #define NOTE_B1 62
18 #define NOTE_C2 65
19 #define NOTE_CS2 69
20 #define NOTE_D2 73
21 #define NOTE_DS2 78
22 #define NOTE_E2 82
23 #define NOTE_F2 87
24 #define NOTE_FS2 93
25 #define NOTE_G2 98
26 #define NOTE_GS2 104
27 #define NOTE_A2 110
28 #define NOTE_AS2 117
29 #define NOTE_B2 123
30 #define NOTE_C3 131
31 #define NOTE_CS3 139
32 #define NOTE_D3 147
33 #define NOTE_DS3 156
34 #define NOTE_E3 165
35 #define NOTE_F3 175
36 #define NOTE_FS3 185
37 #define NOTE_G3 196
38 #define NOTE_GS3 208
39 #define NOTE_A3 220
40 #define NOTE_AS3 233
41 #define NOTE_B3 247
42 #define NOTE_C4 262
43 #define NOTE_CS4 277
44 #define NOTE_D4 294
45 #define NOTE_DS4 311
46 #define NOTE_E4 330
47 #define NOTE_F4 349
48 #define NOTE_FS4 370
49 #define NOTE_G4 392
50 #define NOTE_GS4 415
51 #define NOTE_A4 440
52 #define NOTE_AS4 466
53 #define NOTE_B4 494
54 #define NOTE_C5 523
55 #define NOTE_CS5 554
56 #define NOTE_D5 587
57 #define NOTE_DS5 622
58 #define NOTE_E5 659
59 #define NOTE_F5 698
60 #define NOTE_FS5 740
61 #define NOTE_G5 784
62 #define NOTE_GS5 831
63 #define NOTE_A5 880
64 #define NOTE_AS5 932
65 #define NOTE_B5 988
66 #define NOTE_C6 1047
67 #define NOTE_CS6 1109
68 #define NOTE_D6 1175
69 #define NOTE_DS6 1245
70 #define NOTE_E6 1319
71 #define NOTE_F6 1397
72 #define NOTE_FS6 1480
73 #define NOTE_G6 1568
74 #define NOTE_GS6 1661
75 #define NOTE_A6 1760
76 #define NOTE_AS6 1865
77 #define NOTE_B6 1976
78 #define NOTE_C7 2093
79 #define NOTE_CS7 2217
80 #define NOTE_D7 2349
81 #define NOTE_DS7 2489
82 #define NOTE_E7 2637
83 #define NOTE_F7 2794
84 #define NOTE_FS7 2960
85 #define NOTE_G7 3136
86 #define NOTE_GS7 3322
87 #define NOTE_A7 3520
88 #define NOTE_AS7 3729
89 #define NOTE_B7 3951
90 #define NOTE_C8 4186
91 #define NOTE_CS8 4435
92 #define NOTE_D8 4699
93 #define NOTE_DS8 4978
94 #define REST 0
95 int tempo=114; // change this to make the song slower or faster
96 int buzzer = 3;// initializes digital I/O PIN to control the
buzzer
97 // notes of the moledy followed by the duration
98 // a 4 means a quarter note, 8 an eighteenth , 16 sixteenth, so
on
99 // !!negative numbers are used to represent dotted notes
100 // so -4 means a dotted quarter note, that is, a quarter plus
an eighteenth
101 int melody[] = {
102 NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_F4,4, NOTE_G4,4,//1
103 NOTE_G4,4, NOTE_F4,4, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_D4,4,
104 NOTE_C4,4, NOTE_C4,4, NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_E4,4,
105 NOTE_E4,-4, NOTE_D4,8, NOTE_D4,2,
106 NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_F4,4, NOTE_G4,4,//4
107 NOTE_G4,4, NOTE_F4,4, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_D4,4,
108 NOTE_C4,4, NOTE_C4,4, NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_E4,4,
109 NOTE_D4,-4, NOTE_C4,8, NOTE_C4,2,
110 NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_C4,4,//8
111 NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_E4,8, NOTE_F4,8, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_C4,4,
112 NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_E4,8, NOTE_F4,8, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_D4,4,
113 NOTE_C4,4, NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_G3,2,
114 NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_F4,4, NOTE_G4,4,//12
115 NOTE_G4,4, NOTE_F4,4, NOTE_E4,4, NOTE_D4,4,
116 NOTE_C4,4, NOTE_C4,4, NOTE_D4,4, NOTE_E4,4,
117 NOTE_D4,-4, NOTE_C4,8, NOTE_C4,2
118 };
119 // sizeof gives the number of bytes, each int value is composed
of two bytes (16 bits)
120 // there are two values per note (pitch and duration), so for
each note there are four bytes
121 int notes=sizeof(melody)/sizeof(melody[0])/2;
122 // this calculates the duration of a whole note in ms
(60s/tempo)*4 beats
123 int wholenote = (60000 * 4) / tempo;
124 int divider = 0, noteDuration = 0;
125 void setup() {
126 // iterate over the notes of the melody
127 // remember, the array is twice the number of notes (notes +
durations)
128 for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < notes * 2; thisNote =
thisNote + 2) {
129 // calculates the duration of each note
130 divider = melody[thisNote + 1];
131 if (divider > 0) {
132 noteDuration = (wholenote) / divider; // regular note, just
proceed
133 } else if (divider < 0) {
134 // dotted notes are represented with negative durations!!
 135 noteDuration = (wholenote) / abs(divider);
136 noteDuration *= 1.5; // increases the duration in half
for dotted notes
137 }
138 // we only play the note for 90% of the duration, leaving
10% as a pause
139 tone(buzzer, melody[thisNote], noteDuration*0.9);
140 // Wait for the specief duration before playing the next note
141 delay(noteDuration);
142 noTone(buzzer); // stop the waveform generation before
the next note
143 }
144 }
145 void loop() {
146 // if you want to repeat the song forever,
147 // just paste the setup code here instead.
148 }

实验现象
将实验代码上传至Arduino Nano主板上，利用USB线上电后，小车PCB板上的喇叭功放
元件就开始播放一首音乐。