Scribd
Upload
44 views9 pages

Circles Theorems

egfregegbe

Uploaded by

aryanudiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views9 pages

Circles Theorems

egfregegbe

Uploaded by

aryanudiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

CIRCLES THEOREMS

Theorem 1

Statement: Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.

Given: AB and CD are chords of a circle with centre O, such that AB = CD.

To prove: ∠AOB = ∠COD

Proof:

In △AOB and △COD,

AO = CO (radii of the same circle)

BO = DO (radii of the same circle)

AB = CD (given)

∴ △AOB ≅ △COD (SSS)

Hence, ∠AOB = ∠COD (c.p.c.t.)

Theorem 2

Statement: If the angles subtended by the chords of a circle at the centre are equal, then
the chords are equal.

Given: Two chords PQ and RS of a circle C(O, r), such that ∠POQ = ∠ROS.

To prove: PQ = RS
Proof: In △POQ and △ROS,

OP = OQ = OR = OS = r (radii of the same circle)

and ∠POQ = ∠ROS (given)

∴ △POQ ≅ △ROS (SAS)

∴ PQ = RS. (c.p.c.t.)

Theorem 3

Statement: The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.

Given: AB is the chord of a circle with centre O and OD ⊥ AB.

To prove: AD = DB Construction: Join OA and OB.

Proof:

In △ODA and △ODB,

OA = OB (radii of the same circle)


OD = OD (common)

∠ODA = ∠ODB (each is a rt. angle)

△ODA ≅ △ODB (R.H.S.)

AD = DB (c.p.c.t.)

Theorem 4

Statement: The line drawn through the centre of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to
the chord.

Given: A chord PQ of a circle C(O, r) and L is the mid-point of PQ.

To prove: OL ⊥ PQ. Construction: Joint OP and OQ.

Proof:

In △OLP and △OLQ,

OP = OQ (radii of the same circle)

PL = QL (given)

OL = OL (common)

∴ △OLP ≅ △OLQ (SSS)

Also, ∠OLP + ∠OLQ = 180° (linear pair)

∴ ∠OLP = ∠OLQ = 90°

Hence, OL ⊥PQ
Theorem 5

Statement: There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear
points.

Theorem 6

Statement: Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the centre
(or centres).

Given: AB and CD are two equal chords of a circle. OM and ON are perpendiculars from
the centre to the chords AB and CD.

To prove: OM = ON.

Construction: Join OA and OC.

Proof:

In △AOM and △CON,

OA = OC (radii of the same circle)

MA = CN (Since, OM and ON are perpendicular to the chords and it bisects the chord and
AM = MB, CN = ND)

∠OMA = ∠ONC = 90°

∴ △AOM ≅ △CON (R.H.S.)

∴ OM = ON (c.p.c.t.)

Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre.

Theorem 7

Statement: Chords equidistant from the centre of a circle are equal in length.
Given: OM and ON are perpendiculars from the centre to the chords AB and CD and OM =
ON.

To prove: Chord AB = Chord CD.

Construction: Join OA and OC.

Proof:

OM ⊥ AB ⇒ 1/2 AB = AM

ON ⊥ CD ⇒ 1/2 CD = CN

Consider △AOM and △CON,

OA = OC (radii of the same circle)

OM = ON (given)

∠OMA = ∠ONC = 90° (given)

△AOM ≅ △CON (RHS congruency)

AM = CN ⇒ 1/2 AB = 1/2 CD ⇒ AB = CD

The two chords are equal if they are equidistant from the centre.

Theorem 8

Statement: The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it
at any point on the remaining part of the circle.

Given: O is the centre of the circle.

To prove: ∠BOC = 2∠BAC


Construction: Join O to A.

Proof:

In △AOB,

OA = OB (radii of the same circle)

⇒ ∠1 = ∠2

Similarly in △AOC,

∠3 = ∠4

Now, by exterior angle property,

∠5 = ∠1 + ∠2

∠6 = ∠3 + ∠4

⇒ ∠5 + ∠6 = ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4

⇒ ∠5 + ∠6 = 2∠2 + 2∠3 = 2(∠2 + ∠3)

⇒ ∠BOC = 2∠BAC

Theorem 9

Statement: Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.

Given: Two angles ∠ACB and ∠ADB are in the same segment of a circle C(O, r).

To prove: ∠ACB = ∠ADB

Construction: Join OA and OB.


Proof:

In fig. (i), we know that, angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is double the
angle subtended by the arc in the alternate segment.

Hence, ∠AOB = 2∠ACB

∠AOB = 2∠ADB

So, ∠ACB = ∠ADB

In fig. (ii), we have,

Reflex ∠AOB = 2∠ACB and Reflex ∠AOB = 2∠ADB

2∠ACB = 2∠ADB

∴ ∠ACB = ∠ADB

Theorem 10

Statement: If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two other points
lying on the same side of the line containing the line segment, the four points lie on a circle
(i.e. they are concyclic).

Theorem 11

Statement: The sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°.

Given: Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral

To prove: ∠A + ∠C = 180° and ∠B + ∠D = 180°

Construction: Join OB and OD.


Proof:

∠BOD = 2∠BAD

∠BAD = 1/2 ∠BOD

Similarly, ∠BCD = 1/2 reflex ∠BOD

∴ ∠BAD + ∠BCD = 1/2 ∠BOD + 1/2 reflex ∠BOD

= 1/2 (∠BOD + reflex ∠BOD) = 1/2 ×360°

∴ ∠A + ∠C = 180°

Similarly, ∠B + ∠D = 180°

Theorem 12

Statement: If the sum of a pair of opposite angles of a quadrilateral is 180°, the quadrilateral
is cyclic.

X--------------------------------------------------X-------------------------------------X---------------------------------------------X
Algebraic Identities
1. (x + y)2= x2 + 2xy + y2
2. (x – y)2= x2 – 2xy + y2
3. x2– y2 = (x + y)(x – y)
4. (x + a)(x + b) = x2+ (a + b)x + ab
5. (x + y + z)2= x2 + y2 + c2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
6. (x + y)3= x3 + y3 + 3xy (x + y)
7. (x – y)3= x3 – y3 – 3xy (x – y)
8. x3+ y3 = (x + y)(x2 – xy + y2)
9. x3– y3 = (x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)
10. x3+ y3 + z3 – 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
11. (x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3x2 y + 3xy2
12. (x - y)3 = x3 - y3 - 3x2 y + 3xy2
x-----------------------x------------------------x--------------------------x--------------

You might also like