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 Full Length Test Papers
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FULL MOCK # F9

Hints & Solutions

PHYSICS
Section - A 2. (3)
Let l be the length of the rod and θ, the angle of
1. (1)
rod with x-axis (horizontal) at some instant of time
We know that, the radius of the nth stationary orbit coordinates of the centre of rod at this instant of
is time are
Rn = R0n2 y
∴ An = 4 πR02 .n4
A

l
and, A1 = 4 πR02

An  B x
∴ A1
= n4
l
x= cos q and
A  2
⇒ ln  n  = 4 ln n
 A1 
l
y= sin q
The graph is a straight line of slope 4 and passes 2
through the origin. Squaring and adding both these equations.

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 l2 R
we get x2 + y2 = For half circuit, R' =
4 3
l 2R
This is an equation of a circle of radius and centre Req =
2 3
at origin.
3. (3) 8. (4)
dm When the wire is thick, its resistance decreases.
r= = 0.5 kgs–1
dt Therefore, joule heating losses are reduced.
vr = 400 m/s 9. (3)
rvr 0.5×400 x = 3t2 – 4t
a= = = 0.1 m/s2
m0 – rt 2000 – 0.5×5 dx
V= = 6t – 4
v = u + at dt
⇒ v – u = 0.1 × 5 = 0.5 m/s d2 x = 6
a=
4. (2) dt 2
The velocity of the centre of mass changes only if ⇒ At t = 2 s, a = 6 m/s2
some extemal force (net external resultant) acts on
it. Internal forces do not affect the motion of the 10. (1)
centre of mass. 1
c=
5. (2) µ0 ε0
The level of solution will fall because, a diamagnetic 1
liquid moves from the stronger parts of a magnetic or c2 =
µ0 ε0
field towards the weaker parts.
6. (4) The dimensional formula is,
 V1 V2 V3   1  0 2 –2
Veq =  + +  r   = [M L T ]
 r1 r2 r3  eq µ ε
 0 0

1 11. (3)
and req = =1Ω
1 1 1 If electric dipole, the flux coming out from positive
+ +
3 3 3 charge is equal to the flux coming in at negative
charge i.e., total charge on sphere is zero. From
Veq = 12 V
Now, the circuit becomes Gauss law, total flux passing through the sphere is
1 zero.
12. (1)
Velocity at the surface = vs = hve
Velocity in orbit = v0
12 V 1
By conversation of mechanical energy,
i.e. R =1Ω+1Ω=2Ω
1  GMm  1 2  GMm 
⇒
V 12
I= = =6A mvs2 +  –  = mv0 +–   ...(i)
2  R  2 r 
R 2
7. (3) By Newton’s law,
GMm
=
mv02 ...(ii)
2
From symmetry, we get the following circuit diagram r r
for half circuit, Solving equation (i) and (ii),
2R
1  GM  1  GM 
m( ηve )2 − m  
2
= mv0 − m  
2  R  2  r 
R
1  v2  1
⇒ mη2 ve2 − m  e  = mv02 − mv02
R 2  2 2
 
⇒ (h2 – 1) ve2 = –v02
2R
∴ v0 = ve 1 − η2

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13. (1) 17. (3)
mv
A geostationary satellite has a time period of r=
T = 24 hour. From Kepler’s law, Bq
v
T2 ∝ R3 ⇒ r=
q
T22 R 32 B 
= m
T12 R13
⇒ On putting values, we get
T22 3
(R + 2.5 R) r= 2×105
⇒ =
(24)2 (R +6R)3 0.05 × 2.5×107
2×105 200
T2 = 3.53 = = cm=16 cm
× 24 2 = 6 2 hour. 12.5 ×10 5
12.5
73
18. (2)
14.
(1) Intensity ∝ (amplitude)2
10
Mass of ice melted/min = =1g I1 a2
10 ∴ = 12
I2 a2
Quantity of heat used per minute = 1 × 80 cal = 80 cal
Area of lens = pr2 = 3.14 × (2.5)2 = 19.625 cm2 1 a2
= 12
 Amount of heat received per minute per cm2 from 9 a2
sun,
80 a1 1
H= ≈ 4 cal cm–2 min–1 =
19.625 a2 3
15.
(4) 19. (4)
In circular motion, the centripetal force is always x = t3 – 6t2 + 9t
perpendicular to the direction of motion, leading to
dx
zero work done. As a result, the work done in one = 3t2 – 12t + 9
revolution, or 10 revolutions, is indeed zero. dt

[This is velocity function]
16.
(4)
Since the gas is enclosed in a vessel during the heat- As v =0
2
ing process, volume of the gas remains constant. 3t – 12t + 9 =0
Hence, no work is done by the gas. It means heat t2 – 4t + 3 =0 [solving for zero velocity]
supplied to the diatomic gas is used to increase its t = 3, t = 1
internal energy only. 20. (2)
Initial internal energy of the gas is Thermal radiation obeys the law of refraction. Hence
U1 = N  5 RT  = 5 NRT when it travels from one medium to another, its
2  2 wavelength and speed changes whereas frequency
Since, n moles of diatomic gas get converted into remains unchanged as frequency is the characteristic
monoatomic gas. So, after heating the vessel con- of source of thermal radiation.
tains (N – n) moles of diatomic gas and 2n moles of 21.
(3)
monoatomic gas. Due to the five people the net force on the cart is,
Hence, the internal energy of the gas after heating F1 = 100 × 3 = 300 N due east
will be equal to After the force applied by the person F,
5  5 3  The net force is
U2 = (N – n)
N  RT  +
= 2n
NRT R T
2  2  2  Fnet = 300 – 100 = 200 N
5 1 ⇒ Fnet = ma
T=
NRT + nRT
2 2 200 = 100 × a
Hence, heat supplied = increase in internal energy
⇒ a = 2 ms–2
= (U2 – U1) 22. (4)
1 T = m (g + a)
= nRT
2 = 6000 × (10 + 5) = 90000 N

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23. (3) V1 T
1 Hence, = 1
1 1  V2 T2
= R 2 – 2
l  n1 n2  V2 T
⇒ = 2
For limiting wavelength of Lyman series V1 T1
1 Where, V2 is the final volume.
n1 = 1, n2 = ∞, =R
λL V2 T
−1 = 2 –1
For limiting wavelength of Balmer series V1 T1
n1 = 2, n2 = ∞, V2 – V1 T – T1
⇒ = 2 [T2 – T1= 1 K]
1 1 V1 T1
= R 
λB 4 V2 – V1 1 1
⇒ = =
4 V1 T1 T
⇒ λB =
R
27. (2)
∴
λB = 4λL n.hc
° Power of source, P =

= 4× 912 A λ
24. (2) n → no. of incident photons per second
6 1 → 4 3 Photo current I = n' e
3 Li + 0 n 2 He + 1 H +Q
n' → no. of electrons reaching anode per second
Total initial mass = 6.015126 + 1.0086654
n' I hc hc  I  hcJ
= 7.0237914 amu ⇒ = × = =
n e Pλ e. λ  P  eλ
Total final mass = 4.0026044 + 3.01
= 7.0126044 amu 28. (1)
∆S ∆R
Mass defect, Dm = 7.0237914 – 7.0126044 = 2× =α
S R
= 0.0111870 amu
Energy release, Q = 0.0111870 × 931 ∆V ∆r
= 3×
V r
= 10.415 MeV.
25. (3) ∆R α
∴ =
R 2

∆V 3
30° = α
V 2
29. (1)
dP
As pressure gradient changes, = ρ(g + a)
mg cos 30° dy
mg sin 30°
Buoyant force also changes, as it is due to pressure
When the string makes an angles of 30° with the difference. But as body also accelerates with lift, so
the fraction of volume submerged does not change
vertical, the component of weight produces the
and the extra buoyant force will provide the resul-
tangential acceleration which is the rate of change
tant force 'ma' to the body.
of speed,
30.
(1)
at = g sin 30°
1 Note: Option (1) is misprinted. It should be 240
= 10 × = 5 ms–2 Nm–2.
2
Pressure inside the drop,
26.
(2) 2S
According to ideal gas law, P=
r
PV = RT  D
r = 0.0006 m ∵ r = 
 R 2
⇒ V =  T
P 2×0.072
= = 240 N/m2
V ∝ T (at constant pressure), 0.0006

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31. (3) 35.(2)
3 For full-wave rectifier,
refracted ripple frequency = 2 × input frequency
ray
= 2 × 50 = 100 Hz
A B
Section - B
36. (3)
1 2
Ze2
incident reflected U = –K ;
ray ray r
K Ze2
32. (3) T.E = –
2 r
Here u = – 10 m, m = 19 K Ze2
v K.E = ,
∴
m= 2 r
u
Here r decreases, which means K.E increases and
v P.E and T.E decrease.
⇒ –19 = ( image is real)
(−10)
37.(2)
⇒
v = +190 m As the two masses are connected by two springs, this
1 1 1 problem is equivalent to the oscillation of a reduced
Using the lens formula, = – mass mr, of a spring of effective spring constant keff.
f v u
mr
1 1 1 T = 2π
= – k eff
f 190 (–10)
m1 m2 m
1 1 1 Hence, mr = = ,
⇒ = + m1 + m2 2
f 190 10
keff = k1 + k2 = 2k
1 19 − 1
⇒ = 1 keff 1 2k
f 190 n= = ×2
2π mr 2 π m
∴

190
⇒ f= = 9.5 m 1 k 1 0.1 1
20 = = = Hz
π m π 0.1 π
33. (3) 38.
(4)
The coin performs circular motion in a circle of Just need to insulate the system and balance the
radius r. It will fly off when centrifugal force is heat. So this experiment is not dependent on time
greater then the centripetal force provided by taken to reach equilibrium.
friction. If system is insulated then, heat lost by copper
Hence, at the moment when the coin is about to fly = heat gain by beaker and water.
off, 39.
(3)
mN = mw2r Plate 1 is connected to plate 3 and plate 2 is
connected to plate 4. Thus, there are three capacitors
or mmg = mw2r
in parallel. Each of capacitance
µg ε A
w= C= 0
r d
34. (3)
Rolling occurs only on account of friction which is a
tangential force capable of providing torque. When
the inclined plane is perfectly smooth, the object will
simply slip under the effect of its own weight. Once
the perfect rolling begins, force of friction becomes
zero. Hence, the work done against friction is zero.

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 The equivalent capacitance as shown in figure is, 43. (1)
C' = 3C 1 ∆φ
i=
3ε A R ∆t
= 0
d ∆φ
Þ q=
40. (2) R
According to conservation principle, N (B 2 – B1 ) A N πr 2 ( B2 – B1 )
q= =
1 R R
mgh = kx02 – mgx0
2 1000× π ×10 –4 ×(0.012 – 0)
=
where, x0 is maximum elongation in spring (200 + 400)
(when particle is in its lowest extreme position) = 6.3 × 10–6 C = 6.3 mC
1 2 44.(2)
or kx – mgx0 – mgh = 0
2 0 Torque on the loop, t = MB sin q
2mg 2mg µ I
or x02 – x0 – h=0  Here B = 2 × 0 and M = I × pa2
k k 2πd
Since q = 90°, we get t = MB sin q
2
2mg  2mg  2mg µ I
+ ±  +4× h = I × π a2 × 0 sin 90°
k  k  k πd
∴ x0 =
2×1 2 2
= µ0 I a

 Amplitude = elongation in spring for lowest d
extreme position – (elongation in spring for 45.
(2)
equilibrium position) Temperature at state P = T0,
= x0 – x1 Since, P lies on the isotherm of temperature T0. If
mg  2 hk  T be the temperature at Q, then for the adiabatic
= 1+ process B, we have
k  mg 
T0V0γ – 1 = T(2V0)γ – 1
41.
(2) T T
T = γ0-1 = 0
Shift at nth bright fringe is 2 2

(m – 1) t = nl 23
nλ 5×5000×10 –10 Change in the internal energy of the gas is,
or t= =  
µ −1 (1.5 – 1)  R   T0
DU = Cv(T – T0) =  – T 
 γ − 1   32
0
5×5000×10 –10 
= 2 
1
 2

2 3RT0 1 – 2 3 
 
= 10 × 5000 × 10–10 = 2
= –4.6 T0
= 5 × 10–6 m = 5 mm 2×2 3
46. (1)
42. (2) Qtotal = CV + 2CV = 3CV
→
M = i(pr2) kˆ , Qtotal 3CV 3V
→ Vcommon = = =
Ctotal 2C + KC K +2
B = Bx iˆ + B2 kˆ
To start tilting, 47. (2)
tdue to mass = tmagnetic From the lens formula.
→ → 1 1 1
|(mg)r | = | M × B | We have, = –
f v u
(mg)r = i(pr2) (Bx) 1 1 1
= –
mg f 10 (–10)
i=
πrBx
or, f =+5
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 Further, Du = 0.1 mcA (T – 10) = mcC (40 – T)
and Dv = 0.1 (from the graph) 4 (T – 10) = (40 – T) [using (i) and (ii)]
Now, differentiating the lens formula, 4T – 40 = 40 – T
∆f ∆v ∆u T = 16 °C
we have, = 2 + 2
f2 v u 49. (2)
The electromagnetic induction will occur and an
 ∆v ∆u  2
or, Df =  2 + 2  f emf which opposes the motion of the loop will
v u develop in the loop. Hence, the loop will fall with
Substituting the values, an acceleration less than g.
 0.1 0.1  50. (1)
we get, Df =  2 + 2  (5)2 = 0.05 GM
10 10
As g=
∴ f ± Df = 5 ± 0.05 R2
G  4 
⇒ g= 2 
ρ πR 3 
48.
(4) R  3 
By law of calorimetry, heat lost by an substance must
4
be equal to that gained by other when mixing. ⇒ g= pρRG
3
m × c × ∆T = m × c′ × ∆T′
g ∝R (As ρ = constant)
Hence, as per the given information,
g'  R' 
mcA (15 – 10) = mcB (25 – 15) =  
g R
cA = 2 cB ...(i)
g'
Also mcB (30 – 25) = mcC (40 – 30) =3
g
cB = 2 cC ...(ii)
Let temperature be T when A and C are mixed. Then, g' = 3g

CHEMISTRY
Section - A 54. (4)
BeO is amphoteric, MgO is weakly basic, CaO is more
51. (2)
basic, while SrO and BaO are extremely basic.
The enthalpy change that occurs during the creation
of one mole of an element while its component 55. (2)
elements are in their standard states is known as Pauli's exclusion principle states that: “No two
the standard enthalpy of formation (∆H°f). electrons in an atom can have the same set of all
52. (2) the four quantum numbers.”
For the same alkali metal ion, the lattice enthalpies According to Hund’s rule, pairing of electrons in the
decrease as the size of the halide ion increases. As orbitals belonging to the same subshell does not take
the lattice enthalpy decrease, energy required to
place until each orbital is singly occupied.
break the lattice decreases and hence the melting
points of alkali metals halides decrease from fluoride 56. (1)
to iodide.
53. (2)
The dipole moment of CH2Cl2 is non-zero. The 57. (3)
resultant dipole moment of two C-Cl bonds is CH3
enhanced by the resultant of two C-H bonds.
The product of the charge's magnitude and the Red hot iron
3 H3C C CH
separation between the centers of the positive and 873 K
H3 C CH3
negative charges is known as the dipole moment.

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58. (2) 64. (2)
IUPAC naming of isopropylamine is propan- Chain silicates: Chain silicates are formed by sharing
2-amine. two oxygen atoms by each tetrahedral. Anions of
IUPAC naming of trimethylamine is N, N-Dimethyl chain silicate have two general formula:
methamine.
( )
–2 n
and (Si 4 O11 )n
–6 n
SiO
IUPAC naming of allylamine is prop-2-en-1-amine. 3 n
IUPAC naming of n-propylamine is propan-1-amine.
(SiO ) ( )
–2 n –2 n
3 n (Si3 4 O11and
andSiO )n (Si4 O11 )n
–6 n –6 n

59. (1) n

—
—
When the Y-axis of these graphs is cut off during

—
—
extrapolation, it indicates that concentration is
getting close to zero, at that time we declare that

—
—

—
there has been an infinite dilution of A and B. We
refer to A and B's molar conductivity at infinite

—
—
dilution when they cut on the Y-axis.
65. (4)
60. (1) K4[Fe (CN)6] is a complex salt. On ionization it will
Hydrogen bonding is an electrostatic attractive force
dissociate in 4K+ and [Fe(CN)6]4– ion. Hence, in
between the covalently bonded hydrogen atom of one
K4[Fe(CN)6], five ions are present.
molecule and an electronegative atom of another
element i.e., inter-molecular hydrogen bonding or 67. (3)
another part of some molecules i.e., intramolecular Sulphide test gives yellow precipitate with CdCO3.
hydrogen bonding. 68. (1)
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding increases the NO2 HN-OH
boiling point of the compound and also its solubility

—
—

in water. Zn, NH4Cl

61. (1)
∞ ∞ ∞
λ eq [Fe2 (SO4 )3 ] = λ eq (Fe3+ ) + λ eq (SO2 – ) 69.
(3)
4

1 1 CO2 + Ca2+ + 2OH– → CaCO3– + H2O

= λ ∞m 3+ + λ ∞m 2 –
3 (Fe )
2 (SO4 ) CO2 + Ba2+ + 2OH– → BaCO3– + H2O
= 68 + 80 On prolonged passage of carbon dioxide in lime
= 148 Ohm–1 cm2 eq–1 water, the turbidity slowly disappears due to the
formation of soluble hydrogen carbonate.
62. (1)
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca (HCO3)2
Note: There is a mistake in answer key. The correct
option is (1) not (3). 70. (3)
Each of these species is isoelectronic. They both Electronegativity do not depend on configuration.
contain one electron. With increase in the atomic Ionization enthalpy is greater for half filled and
number (from H to Be), the effective nuclear charge fully filled orbitals because it is more difficult to
increases (as more nuclear charge is acting on same remove electrons from stable configurations. EN,
number of electrons). The electron is therefore on the other hand, is unaffected because there is no
forced within. As a result, the radius is lowered. electron gain or loss.
63. (4) 71. (2)
Note: There is a mistake in answer key. The correct –d(B)
Rate of disappearance of B is
option is (4) not (2). dt
On increasing dilution specific conductance increases Now applying steady state approximation,
because it is directly proportional to dilution. When K
more amount of solvent such as water is added to 2A + 3B →
1
2C
the solution, it results in dissociating the molecules 1 d(B)
into ions of a weak electrolyte. Thus, the degree r = – = k1|A|2|B|3 ...(i)
3 dt
of ionisation of weak electrolyte increases upon
K
dilution. The mobility of ions will also increase For, 2C 2→ 2A + 3B
because the ions will get the more free space to move. 1 d(B)
Thus, both assertion and reason are correct but r = = k2|C|2 ...(ii)
3 dt
reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
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 \ rate of disappearance of B can be calculated from 80. (2)
(i) and (ii) Gauche is most stable due to intramolecular H-
–d(B) bonding.
= 3k1|A|2|B|3 – 3k2|C|2 The Gauche compound of HO–CH2–CH2–F contains
dt
hydrogen bonding, which increases the stability of
72. (4) the compound.
In the electrolysis of NaCl, Cl2 is obtained at anode 81. (3)
instead of O2. E°R.P ∝ 1
Reducing power
→ ∝ Oxidising power
73. (2)
1
E°O.P ∝ 
Oxidising power
→ ∝ Reducing power

More the oxidation potential more will be its

reducing power. Therefore Z can reduce both X and
Y.
82. (2)
CH3MgBr
CH3 – CH – CH2 CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH3
O +
74. (4) O – Mg – Br H3O

A compound that can form stable carbocation like Br

CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH3 + Mg
allyl, benzyl etc., can react with AgNO3. OH
OH

83. (4)
Reaction is known as Gattermann Aldehyde
Synthesis. The Gattermann reaction, also referred
to as the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis and
75.
(3) the Gattermann formylation, is a chemical reaction
Functional groups are different in (I) and (II). in which aromatic compounds are formylated with a
∴ They are functional isomers
mixture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen
chloride (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid
76. (2)
catalyst (AlCl3).
Slowest step is rate determining step.
Therefore, r = k[A][B] 84. (3)
–OH and –NHCOCH3 are ortho and para directing
77. (1)
groups. These are also the electron donating groups
CO is diamagnetic in nature. and the attack of the incoming groups is at the ortho
78. (2) and para position.
The characteristics of chemical equilibrium are: –CN, – CHO and –COCH3 are meta-directing group.
(1) It is possible to reach equilibrium from either 85. (1)
side. When ∆ng = 0, Kp = Kc
(2) The nature of equilibrium is dynamic; that is, a
reaction does not halt at equilibrium. Section - B
(3) The concentrations of different species remain
constant while the system is in equilibrium. 86. (1)
–
(4) The presence of catalyst has no effect on the In CrO5, Cr has +6 oxidation state and in CrO42
equilibrium state. A catalyst aids in quickly it has +6 oxidation state so Cr neither undergo
achieving the equilibrium state. oxidation nor reduction. In CrO5,O has –1 oxidation
–
79. (2) state and in CrO42 O has -2 oxidation state so, it will
Salts of weak acids and weak bases undergo undergo reduction.
hydrolysis. Nature of the solution depends on the In SnCl2, Sn has +2 oxidation state and in SnCl4 it
relative strength of acid and base. has +4 oxidation state so Sn undergo oxidation.

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87. (1)
The vapour pressure of the solution is proportional
to the mole fraction of solvent in the solution. This
relationship known as Raoult's law. So, option (3) has maximum hyperconjugation.
88. (3) 91. (3)
NO has 15 electrons, i.e., it is an odd electron
molecule and shows paramagnetism. According to
the molecular orbital diagram of NO, its bond order
is 2.5.
92. (4)
H Cl (A) Na shows yellow colour in flame test, Ca shows brick
Sn/
red colour in flame test and Ba shows apple green
colour in flame.
93. (3)
2, 4 – Dinitro phenylhydrazine (2, 4 – D. N. P.) test
is a qualitative test for carbonyl compound and
CH3–O–CH3 is an ether.
(B) 94. (4)
In Mendeleev's periodic table, the vertical columns
89. (2)
are called groups, and the horizontal rows are called
periods. It has 8 groups and 6 periods in total.
95. (1)
Alpha hydrogen is a hydrogen attached to the carbon
For the compounds to be aromatic, it should fulfill
the following condition: that is adjacent to a carbonyl carbon.
(1) All atoms should be sp2 hybridised (planar) 96. (4)
(2) Cyclic resonance should be present CH3 – C  CH + H2O
1% HgSO4
CH3 – C  CH2
H2SO4
(3) Should follow Huckel (4n + 2) p rule Propyne
where, n = 0, 1, 2.............. OH
CH3 – C – CH3
90. (3)
In option (1) and (4), there are 0 alpha hydrogen and O
option (2) has 1 alpha hydrogen. Acetone

97. (3)
Species Total number Electronic configuration Bond order Magnetic Behaviour
of electrons
H2 2 s 1s2 (2 – 0)/2 = 1 Diamagnetic
He2+ 3 s 1s , s*1s1
2
(2 – 1)/2 = 1/2 Paramagnetic
He2 4 s 1s2, s*1s2 (2 – 2)/2 = 0 Molecule does not exist
O2 16 s 1s s*1s2 s2s2 s*2s2 s2p2z
2 (10 – 6)/2 = 2 Paramagnetic
p2px2 = p2py2 p
*
2px1 = p
*
2py1

98. (2) 99. (1)

Note: There is a mistake in option (2). Correct Steam distillation is used to separate the steam
option (2) is CH3 – C – C2H5. volatile substances. In adsorption, different
compounds are adsorbed to different degrees.
||
Separation of a mixture is done over a column
O packed in column chromatography and fractional
All compounds containing CH3 – C = O and CH3CH distillation involves the separation on the basis of
– (OH) group are positive to the halogen test. very small difference in boiling point.

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100. (1) In d3 electronic configuration t2g orbitals are half
Silver (z = 47) can exhibit +2 oxidation state filled.
in which it has incompletely filled d-subshell The shielding effect is the reduction in the force
(4d9 configuration). Hence, silver is regarded as of attraction between the nucleus and the valency
electrons caused by the presence of electrons in the
transition element.
inner shells. Compared to 5f orbitals, 4f orbitals are
Cr 2+ is a stronger reducing agent because in closer to the nucleus. Thus, 4f has greater shielding
formation of Cr3+ from Cr2+ changes in from d4→d3. than 5f.

BOTANY

Section - A phloem. Lenticels are spongy periderm openings that

help in gas exchange. A leaf's mesophyll contains
101. (4) palisade cells, which absorb light for photosynthesis.
The viability of pollen grains varies greatly. Pollen
107. (3)
grains of rice and wheat (Family: Poaceae), lose
viability in 30 minutes. On the other hand, pollen Algae and fungi are grouped in thallophyta as they
grains of some Rosaceae (rose), Leguminosae (pea), are simple plants without well-defined roots, stems,
and Solanaceae (potato) plants, remain viable for a and leaves. They also have undifferentiated bodies,
month. known as thalli, and they do not have specific organs
or tissues.
102. (1)
Note: There is a correction in the answer key the 108. (1)
correct answer is option “(1)”. Albuminous cells are specialised parenchyma cells
Angiosperm embryo sacs consist of eight nuclei found in association with sieve cells present in the
formed through three mitotic divisions. The first phloem of gymnosperm wood. The secondary or
division creates two nuclei, the second division lateral meristem is the meristem that develops in the
results in four nuclei, and the third division results mature portions of many plants' roots and shoots.
in eight nuclei. These meristems are cylindrical.
103. (2) 109. (2)
Only 2-10% of the photosynthetically active Coleorhiza – Radicle
radiation (PAR) is captured by the plants, and this Food storing tissue – Endosperm
small amount of energy is enough to sustain the Parthenocarpic fruit – Grapes
entire living world. Single seeded fruit from monocarpellary superior
104. (2) ovary – Mango
The detritus food chain (DFC) is a type of food chain Membranous seed coat – Maize
that begins with dead organic matter. DFC and GFC
110. (4)
are not completely separate. Some organisms in the
Repressor proteins have an inhibitory property
DFC are prey to the GFC animals, and they end up
that regulates the operon's on and off switching,
being carnivores. Both food chains end at the top
carnivore level. respectively. Thus, the lac operon is an example of
negative regulation.
105. (3)
111. (3)
The given floral formula is of the Liliaceae family.
The family includes both ornamental plants such as Over-exploitation, or harvesting or poaching
lilies and tulips and medicinal species such as Aloe organisms to the point of diminishing population,
vera and Colchicum. can lead to extinction. The dodo bird is one of the
species that went extinct due to over-exploitation.
106. (4)
Passage cells occur frequently in the endodermis. 112. (3)
Stomata, also known as accessory or subsidiary In the photosynthetic oxidation cycle, NH2 groups
cells, are cells in the epidermis of leaves. Sieve tubes are produced in a 2:1 ratio between 2-carbon and
and companion cells are both components of plant 3-carbon intermediates.

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113. (2) 121. (1)
Trichoderma is a fungal biocontrol agent that is Non-degenerate codon – UGG
primarily utilised for controlling soil-borne diseases Ambiguous codon – GUG
as well as certain plant diseases that affect leaves Amber – UAG
and panicles. Additionally, it can improve plant Ochre – UAA
resistance, improve nutrient uptake efficiency,
122. (4)
and encourage plant development.
Cyclosporin A, a bioactive molecule produced by the
114. (2) fungus Trichoderma polysporum, is given to organ
Pollen grains – Microspores transplant patients as an immunosuppressive agent.
Pollen sacs – Microsporangia 123. (2)
Stamens – Microsporophyll Citric acid is produced mainly by submerged
115. (4) fermentation using Aspergillus niger from different
Cleistogamous flowers are invariably autogamous. sources of carbohydrates, such as molasses and
starch based media. Cyclosporin A, a bioactive
This is because the anther and stigma are close
molecule produced by the fungus Trichoderma
together and not exposed to cross-pollination.
polysporum. Statins are produced by the yeast
Cleistogamous flowers are produced by some plants,
Monascus purpureus. Statins are a group of
such as Commelina, Viola, and Oxalis.
medicines that help lower cholesterol and protect
116. (1) against heart attack and stroke. Butyric acid is
Apogamy is the formation of an embryo from produced by obligate anaerobic bacteria Clostridium
synergid or antipodal embryo sac cells. Synergids butyricum.
and antipodal cells are both haploid and non- 124. (4)
reproductive. The embryo is produced by synergids An ecosystem's functional units do not include
without gametes is haploid. stratification. Different habitat types and communities
117. (2) exhibit different forms of stratification.
The size of a seed grain in pea is an example of 125. (1)
incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance is Brood parasitism is a type of parasitism in which
a type of gene interaction in which both alleles of one organism lays its eggs in the nest of another
a gene at a locus are partially expressed, resulting organism, known as the host, and allows the host to
in an intermediate or different phenotype. incubate them. The parasite bird's eggs are similar
in size and color to the host bird's egg to decrease
118. (4)
the chance of the host bird identifying the foreign
Insects with two X chromosomes in females and eggs and ejecting them from the nest.
one in males include cockroaches, grasshoppers,
and bugs. This is called male heterogamety. The 126. (2)
Parent generation: RRTt × rrtt
chromosomal number of these kinds of organisms
is 24 in females and 23 in males. Gametes: RT, Rt, and rt
F1 generation:
119. (3)
In 1958, Taylor and his colleagues used radioactive RT Rt
thymidine to show that DNA replication is RrTt Rrtt
semiconservative on Vicia faba. rt (Red fruit and tall (Red fruit and
120. (3) plant) dwarf plant)
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty The phenotypic ratio comes out to be 1:1, which
in 1944 reported that the material responsible for means 50% of the total plants will be tall with red
bacterial transformation is DNA. To determine fruit.
which biochemicals could turn live R cells into 127. (3)
S cells, the researchers extracted biochemicals The chances of a baby being a boy or girl are 50%
from heat-killed S cells. It was found that the due to the presence of 22 autosomes and one sex
transformation of the bacteria was solely induced chromosome in humans. Females are homozygous,
by the DNA of the S bacterium. while males are heterozygous. Sperms with an

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 X-chromosome responsible for producing a girl 135. (3)
and sperms with a Y-chromosome responsible for Chlorophyll structure was first studied in 1912
producing a boy. by German scientist Richard Willstatter and his
128. (3) student Arthur Stoll.
Homogamy refers to the condition where the male Section - B
and female reproductive organs in a flower mature
simultaneously, allowing for self-pollination. 136. (3)
129. (4) Chlorella is a single-celled protein. Single-cell
proteins (SCPs) are edible microbes that can be
The study of the interactions between ecological
used as a food or feed supplement and can be an
groups and their natural environment is known as
alternative to conventional protein sources.
synecology. It is also known as community ecology.
Distribution, structure, abundance, demography, 137. (3)
and interactions between coexisting populations The range of light available for photosynthesis is
comprise some of the aspects of species interactions known as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR),
and it is between 400 and 700 nanometers. The
in communities that are studied by synecology.
rate at which photoautotrophs convert energy into
130. (3) organic substances is known as primary productivity
Bundle sheath cells surround the vascular bundles and is expressed in kcal m–2.
of both monocot and dicot leaves. These compactly 138. (3)
arranged cells control the flow of materials between The given figure represents anaphase, a stage of
the vascular tissues and other parts of the leaves. cell division that occurs after metaphase. During
Bulliform cells are large, empty, colorless cells that anaphase, replicated chromosomes split apart, and
develop from certain adaxial epidermal cells along newly copied chromosomes move to opposing poles
veins in grasses. The curling of grass leaf surfaces of the cell.
is caused by these cells. 139. (3)
131. (1) In a fully organised polygonum type of embryo sac,
In stems, the xylem is toward the inside of the the ratio of haploid, diploid, and triploid nuclei is
collateral bundle, whereas the phloem is on the 6:1:0. Haploid nuclei consist of egg cells, synergids,
outside. Further collateral bundle can appear in an and antipodal cells, while diploid nuclei are central
open and closed form. The closed collateral bundles cells before fertilisation, containing two polar nuclei.
lack cambium and so secondary growth, as seen in Triploid nuclei are formed after fertilisation when
all monocotyledonous plants. one male gamete combines with two polar nuclei to
form the endosperm nucleus. This results in a total
132. (2) of 6:1:0 ratio of nuclei.
Transfusion tissue, also known as hydrostereon, is a
type of specialised tissue found in Cycas and Pinus 140. (1)
Griffith observed that when heat-killed S-strain
leaves. It is made up of tracheids and parenchyma
bacteria were injected into mice, the mice survived.
cells, and its primary function is to transport
The mice were not harmed by the heat-killed
substances between the vascular bundles and the
S-strain alone.
mesophyll.
141. (2)
133. (3) ATP and NADPH + H + both are produced
A mis-sense mutation occurs at one nucleotide of the during the non-cyclic process of light reaction.
first codon of a gene and results in the production Photophosphorylation at the thylakoid membrane
of a non-functional protein. A mis-sense mutation results in the synthesis of ATP, while electrons
is a change in DNA that results in the encoding of from water contribute to the reduction of NADP+
different amino acids at a specific position in the to NADPH.
protein. 142. (4)
134. (3) Note: There is a misprint in the option (4). The
Mesosomes are structures found in bacterial correct option is “(4) (II) and (V)”.
cells that play roles in various cellular processes, Ferns are grouped in kingdom Plantae and are not
including cell division, DNA replication, and possibly included in the kingdom Monera. Paramecium and
protein synthesis. Amoeba are placed in the Kingdom Protista.

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143. (3) polymorphic in nature, particularly in terms of
The nitrogen bases are not parallel to the backbone; particle size and internal structure irregularities.
instead, they form base pairs across the helical 147. (4)
structure of DNA. Covalent bonds (phosphodiester Meiosis and syngamy are not involved in asexual
bonds) between sugar and phosphate molecules reproduction; rather, they produce genetically
form the DNA backbone. However, hydrogen bonds identical offspring, that's the reason plants can
develop between the nitrogen bases in the center of be maintained and reproduced endlessly without
the DNA double helix. alterations through asexual reproduction. These
144. (2) processes are related to sexual reproduction, which
The Go phase, also known as the resting phase, is leads to genetic variation.
a stage of the cell cycle during which the cell is not 148. (4)
dividing or preparing to divide. The cell performs Dominant epistasis occurs when a dominant allele of
basic cellular functions as well as regulatory one gene masks the expression of another. In squash,
functions during this period. the fruit can be white, green, or yellow. The white
145. (3) gene is an epistatic allele, while the yellow color is
Azolla is used as a biofertilizer as it has a symbiotic present at a different locus. The dominant white
association with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The allele conceals the effects of yellow and green color.
leaves of the Azolla plant contain cyanobacteria 149. (1)
called Anabaena azollae, which is an algae containing The 18th Conference of the Parties (COP 18) to the
nitrogenase enzyme in its heterocysts. These United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
specialised cells in the algae help fix nitrogen with Change (UNFCCC) took place in 2012. It was held
the help of the enzyme. in Doha, Qatar.
146. (3) 150. (4)
Lysosomes are polymorphic cell organelles as they Succinate dehydrogenase serves as a mitochondrial
exist in multiple forms within the cell. They are marker enzyme.

ZOOLOGY

Section - A 154. (1)

The inner lining of the stomach is composed of a
151. (4)
layer of simple columnar epithelium. The wall of
Smooth muscle is found all over the body and serves
the heart primarily consists of cardiac muscles.
a wide range of functions. It is found in the stomach
Cardiac muscles are specialised muscle tissues
and intestines, where it helps digestion and nutrient
that make up the myocardium, providing the
collection. Tendons are primarily composed of dense contractile force necessary for the pumping action
regular connective tissue. The epithelium found in of the heart. Adipose tissue is found below the
the tip of the nose is stratified squamous epithelium. skin in the abdomen and various other parts of the
The lining of the stomach is primarily composed of body. It serves as a storage site for energy, as well
simple columnar epithelium. as providing insulation and cushioning. Hyaline
152. (2) cartilage is found in the articulating surfaces of bone
A wide range of biological compounds known as joints. It provides a smooth and flexible surface,
lipids are hydrophobic, which means that they can't reducing friction between bones and allowing for
easily dissolve in water. smooth movement in joints.
153. (2) 155. (1)
Myxoedema – Hypothyroidism in adults The descending limb of the loop of Henle is
Cushing's syndrome – Overproduction of permeable to water, while the ascending limb is
glucocorticoids impermeable to water and permeable to sodium ions.
Acromegaly – Hypersecretion of somatotropin in 156. (1)
adults FSH – Maturation of Graffian follicle
Cretinism – Hypothyroidism during pregnancy LH – Development of corpus luteum

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 Progesterone – Prepares endometrium for 164. (2)
implantation The geological period in which fossils exist can
Estrogen – Develops female secondary sexual be determined by analysing fossils discovered at
characters different sedimentary levels. According to the study,
157. (4) life forms varied during geological periods, and
ADH – Diabetes insipidus certain kinds of life are only found in specific regions.
ACTH – Pituitary 165. (1)
Aldosterone – Mineralocorticoid The lymphatic system is a group of organs, tissues,
Insulin – Diabetes mellitus and vessels that help in maintaining fluid balance
Adrenaline – Vasodilator and protect the body from infection. Lymphatic
organs include the thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen.
158. (2)
Asthma – Spasm of tracheal muscle 166. (4)
Bronchitis – Inflammation of bronchi The pituitary gland secretes ADH. It increases the
Rhinitis – Inflammation of nasal tract water permeability of distal convoluted tubules and
collecting tubules and so plays an important role in
Emphysema – Fully blown out alveoli
water re-absorption. ADH deficiency reduces water
159. (2) reabsorption, which may lead to water diuresis or
Birth control pills contain hormones that inhibit diabetes insipidus.
ovulation, while condoms prevent sperm contact
with the cervix and protect against sexually 167. (3)
transmitted infections. Vasectomy is a surgical Insulin – Diabetes mellitus
procedure for male sterilisation, cutting or sealing Thyroxin – Goitre
the vas deferens tubes to prevent sperm from mixing Corticoids – Addison’s disease
with semen. Copper-T, or intrauterine devices with Growth hormone – Acromegaly
copper, creates a toxic environment for sperm,
168. (2)
preventing fertilisation.
Agrobacterium is used as a vector for cloning genes
160. (3) in plants because of their ability to transform normal
Oxytocin is a hormone and neuropeptide produced cells into tumour cells. It can be modified with new
in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior
DNA and the plasmid introduces a piece of DNA
pituitary. It binds to a cell membrane receptor,
which transforms normal plant cells into tumor cells.
triggering a cascade of intracellular events and
secondary messengers that mediate physiological 169. (3)
responses like uterine contractions during childbirth The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones called
and milk ejection during lactation. adrenaline or epinephrine and noradrenaline or
norepinephrine. These are commonly called as
161. (3)
catecholamines. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are
Sarcoplasmic reticulum amounts in red muscle
fibers are comparatively less than those in white rapidly secreted in response to stress of any kind
muscle fibers. In fast-twitch (white) muscle fibers, and during emergency situations and are called
the sarcoplasmic reticulum is more visible. emergency hormones or hormones of Fight or Flight.

162. (3) 170. (3)

CO2 transport occurs very fast through RBCs due The tertiary structure of a protein is the most
to the presence of carbonic anhydrase, which speeds biologically active protein. In this structure, the
up the transport of CO2. The enzyme carbonic protein molecule will bend and twist to attain
anhydrase is absent in blood plasma. maximal stability or the lowest energy state. This
structure also influences the protein's enzymatic
163. (4)
The face region is composed of 14 skeletal elements activity.
that make up the front part of the skull. The 171. (2)
vertebral column is made up of 26 serially arranged Government of India legalized MTP in 1971 with
units called vertebrae that are arranged dorsally. some strict conditions to avoid its misuse.

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172. (2) 179. (2)
Scientists have demonstrated that organic materials Substrate concentration relates positively with
are formed from inorganic materials. Organic enzyme activity, as higher the concentration of
materials and water combined to form a colloidal substrate, more collisions occur between the
aggregation, which gave rise to Eobionts and then substrate molecules and the active site of the
cells. enzymes.

173. (1) 180. (1)

Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two glucose Tyrannosaurus rex was about 20 feet in height and
had huge fearsome dagger like teeth. Homo habilis
molecules. Glucose (C6H12O6) is made up of 6C
was called the first human-like being the hominid.
atoms, 12H atoms, and 6O atoms. Ribose is a
They probably did not eat meat. Homo erectus
monosaccharide and an RNA component with the
probably ate meat. Australopithecines probably lived
chemical formula C5H10O5. It has 5C atoms, 10H
in East African grasslands. Evidence shows they
atoms, and 5O atoms. As a result, the number of hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruit.
carbon and oxygen atoms in glucose is higher than
181. (2)
that of ribose.
Glomerular nephritis – Inflammation in glomeruli.
174. (1) Renal calculi – Mass of crystallised salts within the
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is a kidney.
voluntary or intentional termination of a pregnancy Gout – Accumulation of uric acid in joints.
before full term and is also known as induced
Glycosuria – Presence of glucose in urine.
abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during
182. (4)
the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Saltation is a single-step large mutation. Hugo de
175. (3) Vries believed that mutations occur unexpectedly
Coronary Artery Disease, often referred to as and cause evolution.
atherosclerosis, affects the vessels that supply
183. (1)
blood to the heart muscle. It is caused by deposits of Osteoporosis is caused due to decreased estrogen
calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues, which levels. Estrogen is a female hormone that is released
makes the lumen of arteries narrower. by the ovaries.
176. (3) 184. (3)
Among the given options, Hyla, Chelone, Corvus are Dengue and Chikungunya, though carried by the
jawed vertebrates and bear limbs. same mosquito type, but are caused by different
177. (3) viruses. Chikungunya is caused by chikungunya
Plasmids are small, double-stranded, closed circular virus (CHIKV), Dengue is caused by a Flavirideae
symbiotic DNA molecules found in bacteria that Flavivirus. COVID is caused by Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
occur outside of the bacterial chromosome. They
can self-replicate in the cytoplasm of the bacterial 185. (2)
cell and are used as carriers to transmit a segment Tachycardia – Hardening or loss of elasticity of
of foreign DNA into a compatible host. arteries
Bradycardia – Decreased heart rate
178. (4)
Arrhythmia – Irregular heart beat
Annelida – First-time true coelom (schizo-
Arteriosclerosis – Increased heart rate
coelom) present in them.
Arthropoda – Only metamerically segmented Section - B
animals with hemocoel.
186. (3)
Echinodermata – Have an endoskeleton of calcareous
Diarrheal diseases are caused by bacteria such as
ossicles and spines. Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, which
Hemichordata – Small worm-like marine animals enter the body through contaminated food or water.
with a pharyngeal gill slit and a Dehydration, a common cause of diarrhea, occurs
stomochord (not true notochord). when the body loses more fluid than it drinks,

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 primarily due to excessive sweating. Therefore, it primary role is to reabsorb water and other essential
is crucial to ensure adequate supply of fluids and salts such as NaCl, resulting in increasing the
electrolytes to prevent these diseases. concentration of urine. If Henle's loop were absent
187. (3) from a mammalian nephron, the urine would be
Note: There is a correction in the answer key the more diluted.
correct answer is option “(3)”. 194. (2)
Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg The lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber
equilibrium. These are gene migration or gene flow, which is anatomically an air-tight chamber. The
genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and thoracic chamber is formed dorsally by the vertebral
natural selection. column, ventrally by the sternum, laterally by the
188. (4) ribs and on the lower side by the dome-shaped
The main objective of producing and using herbicide- diaphragm.
resistant genetically modified (GM) crops is to 195. (4)
reduce the amount of herbicides in food for the Rosie, the first transgenic cow, was developed in
benefit of public health. 1997 and produced milk enriched with human
189. (2) a-lactalbumin. Restriction enzymes are used to cut
Birds and insects, being uricotelic, have low water DNA at specific sequences.
intake and excrete nitrogenous waste in the form
196. (2)
of uric acid.
Homology is the similarity in the fundamental
190. (3) structural arrangement of organs acquired from a
Note: There is a slight error in the statement common ancestor. The flipper of a turtle or a dolphin,
(III), the correct statement is “Parathyroid the arm of a human, the foreleg of a horse, and
hormone increases the calcium level in blood. It the wings of both bats and birds are all ultimately
also stimulates the process of bone resorption homologous.
(dissolution/ demineralisation)”.
197. (1)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the Ca2+
Osteoarthritis is associated with the degeneration of
levels in the blood. PTH acts on bones and stimulates
the process of bone resorption (dissolution/ joint cartilage and the underlying bone and is often
demineralisation). PTH also stimulates reabsorption referred to as a degenerative joint disease. Rickets
of Ca2+ by the renal tubules and increases Ca2+ is a condition which is caused by the deficiency of
absorption from the digested food. vitamin D.
191. (1) 198. (4)
Low partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), high partial Podocytes are the specialised cells that make up the
pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), high hydrogen epithelial lining of Bowman’s capsule. The inner
ion concentration (low pH), and higher temperature layer of the capsule, the visceral layer, is made up of
are some of the factors that are responsible for the cells called podocytes. These podocytes have pedicles
dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin. that look like fingers.
192. (4) 199. (4)
PCR – Amplification of DNA The first cellular form of life did not possibly
rDNA technology – Production of human insulin originate till about 2000 million years ago. Jawless
using E.coli bacteria. fish probably evolved around 350 mya.
DNA fingerprinting – Crime scene investigation and 200. (3)
paternity tests. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart does
Gene therapy – Treatment of genetic disorder. not pump blood effectively enough to meet the needs
193. (2) of the body. One of the primary symptoms of this
Henle's loop is a long, U-shaped portion of the kidney condition is pulmonary congestion, which is also
tubules that transports urine to each nephron. Its known as congestive heart failure.

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