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TCP

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10 views4 pages

TCP

cn

Uploaded by

tufail.aiktc
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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 The TCP/IP model was developed prior to the OSI model.

 The TCP/IP model is not exactly similar to the OSI model.


 The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: the application layer, transport layer, network
layer, (data link layer and physical layer. )

TCP/IP Model divides the data into packets at the sender’s end and the same packets have to be
recombined at the receiver’s end to form the same data, and this thing happens to maintain the
accuracy of the data.
Network Access Layer
 A network layer is the lowest layer of the TCP/IP model.
 A network layer is the combination of the Physical layer and Data Link layer defined in the
OSI reference model.
 It defines how the data should be sent physically through the network.
 This layer is mainly responsible for the transmission of the data between
two devices on the same network.
 The functions carried out by this layer are encapsulating the IP datagram into frames
transmitted by the network and mapping of IP addresses into physical addresses.
 The protocols used by this layer are ethernet, token ring, FDDI, X.25, frame relay.
Internet Layer
 An internet layer is the second layer of the TCP/IP model.
 An internet layer is also known as the network layer.
 The main responsibility of the internet layer is to send the packets from any network, and
they arrive at the destination irrespective of the route they take.

Transport Layer
The transport layer is responsible for the reliability, flow control, and correction of data which is
being sent over the network.
The two protocols used in the transport layer are User Datagram protocol and Transmission
control protocol.

Application Layer
 An application layer is the topmost layer in the TCP/IP model.
 It is responsible for handling high-level protocols, issues of representation.
 This layer allows the user to interact with the application.
 When one application layer protocol wants to communicate with another application layer, it
forwards its data to the transport layer.
 There is an ambiguity occurs in the application layer. Every application cannot be placed
inside the application layer except those who interact with the communication system. For
example: text editor cannot be considered in application layer while web browser using
HTTP protocol to interact with the network where HTTP protocol is an application layer
protocol.
Difference Between TCP and IP

TCP (Transmission Control


Feature IP (Internet Protocol)
Protocol)
Ensures reliable, ordered, and error-
Provides addressing and routing of
Purpose checked delivery of data between
packets across networks.
applications.
Type Connection-oriented Connectionless
Manages data transmission between Routes packets of data from the
Function devices, ensuring data integrity and source to the destination based on
order. IP addresses.
No, IP itself does not handle
Yes, includes error checking and
Error Handling errors; relies on upper-layer
recovery mechanisms.
protocols like TCP.
Yes, includes flow control
Flow Control No
mechanisms.
Congestion Control Yes, manages network congestion. No
Breaks data into smaller packets and Breaks data into packets but does
Data Segmentation
reassembles them at the destination. not handle reassembly.
Header Size Larger, 20-60 bytes Smaller, typically 20 bytes
Does not guarantee delivery,
Reliability Provides reliable data transfer
reliability, or order.
Transmission Yes, acknowledges receipt of data
No
Acknowledgment packets.

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