Earn $2.
5 per answer
Make money from answering simple
questions. We pay you in cash. Simple
and fun.
Open
Home DBMS SQL PL/SQL SQLite MongoDB Cassandra MySQL Oracle CouchDB Neo4j DB2 C Java Projects Interview Q
⇧ SCROLL TO TOP
SQL Commands
SQL commands are instructions. It is used to communicate with the database. It is also used to perform specific
tasks, functions, and queries of data.
SQL can perform various tasks like create a table, add data to tables, drop the table, modify the table, set permission
for users.
Types of SQL Commands
There are five types of SQL commands: DDL, DML, DCL, TCL, and DQL.
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
1. Data Definition Language (DDL)
DDL changes the structure of the table like creating a table, deleting a table, altering a table, etc.
All the command of DDL are auto-committed that means it permanently save all the changes in the database.
Here are some commands that come under DDL:
CREATE
ALTER
DROP
TRUNCATE
a. CREATE It is used to create a new table in the database.
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME (COLUMN_NAME DATATYPES[,....]);
Example:
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(Name VARCHAR2(20), Email VARCHAR2(100), DOB DATE);
b. DROP: It is used to delete both the structure and record stored in the table.
Syntax
DROP TABLE table_name;
Example
DROP TABLE EMPLOYEE;
c. ALTER: It is used to alter the structure of the database. This change could be either to modify the characteristics of an
existing attribute or probably to add a new attribute.
Syntax:
To add a new column in the table
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name COLUMN-definition;
To modify existing column in the table:
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY(column_definitions....);
EXAMPLE
ALTER TABLE STU_DETAILS ADD(ADDRESS VARCHAR2(20));
ALTER TABLE STU_DETAILS MODIFY (NAME VARCHAR2(20));
d. TRUNCATE: It is used to delete all the rows from the table and free the space containing the table.
Syntax:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;
Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE;
2. Data Manipulation Language
10G SFP Wide
Compatible Fiber
Optical Transceiver
10G SFP LRM for Cisco Meraki MA-SFP-10GB-
LRM SFP-10G-LRM 10GBASE-LRM SFP+…
29
$
34 99
Shop now
DML commands are used to modify the database. It is responsible for all form of changes in the database.
The command of DML is not auto-committed that means it can't permanently save all the changes in the database.
They can be rollback.
Here are some commands that come under DML:
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
a. INSERT: The INSERT statement is a SQL query. It is used to insert data into the row of a table.
Syntax:
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME
(col1, col2, col3,.... col N)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, .... valueN);
Or
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, .... valueN);
For example:
INSERT INTO javatpoint (Author, Subject) VALUES ("Sonoo", "DBMS");
b. UPDATE: This command is used to update or modify the value of a column in the table.
Syntax:
UPDATE table_name SET [column_name1= value1,...column_nameN = valueN] [WHERE CONDITION]
For example:
UPDATE students
SET User_Name = 'Sonoo'
WHERE Student_Id = '3'
c. DELETE: It is used to remove one or more row from a table.
Syntax:
DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE condition];
For example:
DELETE FROM javatpoint
WHERE Author="Sonoo";
3. Data Control Language
DCL commands are used to grant and take back authority from any database user.
Here are some commands that come under DCL:
Grant
Revoke
a. Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a database.
Example
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE TO SOME_USER, ANOTHER_USER;
b. Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the user.
Ad
Reduce Your Electrical Demand And Associated
Costs By Between 20% And 50%. Contact Us Now.
Alpha Power Solutions Open
Example
REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE FROM USER1, USER2;
4. Transaction Control Language
TCL commands can only use with DML commands like INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE only.
These operations are automatically committed in the database that's why they cannot be used while creating tables or
dropping them.
Here are some commands that come under TCL:
COMMIT
ROLLBACK
SAVEPOINT
a. Commit: Commit command is used to save all the transactions to the database.
Syntax:
COMMIT;
Example:
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE AGE = 25;
COMMIT;
b. Rollback: Rollback command is used to undo transactions that have not already been saved to the database.
Syntax:
ROLLBACK;
Example:
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE AGE = 25;
ROLLBACK;
c. SAVEPOINT: It is used to roll the transaction back to a certain point without rolling back the entire transaction.
Syntax:
SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME;
5. Data Query Language
DQL is used to fetch the data from the database.
It uses only one command:
SELECT
a. SELECT: This is the same as the projection operation of relational algebra. It is used to select the attribute based on the
condition described by WHERE clause.
Syntax:
SELECT expressions
FROM TABLES
WHERE conditions;
For example:
SELECT emp_name
FROM employee
WHERE age > 20;
← Prev Next →
For Videos Join Our Youtube Channel: Join Now
Feedback
Send your Feedback to feedback@[Link]
Help Others, Please Share
Free Scholarship in The
USA
[Link]
Get Fully Funded Scholarships In The USA For
African Students 2021-22
Open
Learn Latest Tutorials
Splunk SPSS Swagger Transact-SQL Tumblr
ReactJS Regex Reinforcement R Programming RxJS
Learning
React Native Python Python Python Keras
tutorial Design Patterns Pillow tutorial Turtle tutorial tutorial
React Native Python Design Python Pillow Python Turtle Keras
Patterns
Preparation
Aptitude Logical Verbal Interview Company
Aptitude
Reasoning Ability Questions Interview
Reasoning Verbal Ability Interview
Questions
Questions Company
Questions
Trending Technologies
Artificial AWS Tutorial Selenium Cloud Hadoop
Intelligence AWS
tutorial Computing tutorial
Artificial Selenium Cloud Computing Hadoop
Intelligence
ReactJS Data Science Angular 7 Blockchain Git Tutorial
Tutorial Tutorial Tutorial Tutorial + Git
ReactJS Data Science Angular 7 Blockchain
Machine DevOps
Learning Tutorial
Tutorial DevOps
Machine
Learning
[Link] / MCA
DBMS Data DAA tutorial Operating Computer
tutorial Structures DAA
System Network
DBMS
tutorial Operating
tutorial
Data Structures System Computer
Network
Compiler Computer Discrete Ethical Computer
Design tutorial Organization Mathematics Hacking Graphics
Compiler Design
and Tutorial Ethical Hacking
Tutorial
Architecture Discrete Computer
Computer Mathematics Graphics
Organization
Software html tutorial Cyber Automata C Language
Engineering Web Technology
Security Tutorial tutorial
Software
tutorial Automata C Programming
Engineering Cyber Security
C++ tutorial Java tutorial .Net Python List of
C++ Java
Framework tutorial Programs
tutorial Python Programs
.Net
Control Data Mining Data
Systems Tutorial Warehouse
tutorial Tutorial
Data Mining
Control System Data Warehouse
