DBMS SQL Sub Queries - Javatpoint
DBMS SQL Sub Queries - Javatpoint
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SQL Sub Query
A Subquery is a query within another SQL query and embedded within the WHERE clause.
Important Rule:
A subquery can be placed in a number of SQL clauses like WHERE clause, FROM clause, HAVING clause.
You can use Subquery with SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE statements along with the operators like =, <, >, >=, <=,
IN, BETWEEN, etc.
A subquery is a query within another query. The outer query is known as the main query, and the inner query is known
as a subquery.
In the Subquery, ORDER BY command cannot be used. But GROUP BY command can be used to perform the same
function as ORDER BY command.
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SQL subqueries are most frequently used with the Select statement.
Syntax
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name expression operator
( SELECT column_name from table_name WHERE ... );
Example
Trade responsibly.
62% of retail CFD accounts lose money
1 John 20 US 2000.00
4 Alina 29 UK 6500.00
4 Alina 29 UK 6500.00
SQL subquery can also be used with the Insert statement. In the insert statement, data returned from the subquery is
used to insert into another table.
In the subquery, the selected data can be modified with any of the character, date functions.
Syntax:
Example
Now use the following syntax to copy the complete EMPLOYEE table into the EMPLOYEE_BKP table.
The subquery of SQL can be used in conjunction with the Update statement. When a subquery is used with the Update
statement, then either single or multiple columns in a table can be updated.
Syntax
UPDATE table
SET column_name = new_value
WHERE VALUE OPERATOR
(SELECT COLUMN_NAME
FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE condition);
Example
Let's assume we have an EMPLOYEE_BKP table available which is backup of EMPLOYEE table. The given example updates
the SALARY by .25 times in the EMPLOYEE table for all employee whose AGE is greater than or equal to 29.
UPDATE EMPLOYEE
SET SALARY = SALARY * 0.25
WHERE AGE IN (SELECT AGE FROM CUSTOMERS_BKP
WHERE AGE >= 29);
This would impact three rows, and finally, the EMPLOYEE table would have the following records.
1 John 20 US 2000.00
4 Alina 29 UK 1625.00
The subquery of SQL can be used in conjunction with the Delete statement just like any other statements mentioned above.
Syntax
Example
Let's assume we have an EMPLOYEE_BKP table available which is backup of EMPLOYEE table. The given example deletes
the records from the EMPLOYEE table for all EMPLOYEE whose AGE is greater than or equal to 29.
This would impact three rows, and finally, the EMPLOYEE table would have the following records.
1 John 20 US 2000.00
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