Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational

Microsoft Corporation
corporation and technology company headquartered in
Redmond, Washington.[2] Its best-known software
products are the Windows line of operating systems,
the Microsoft 365 suite of productivity applications,
the Azure cloud computing platform and the Edge web
browser. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox
video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup
of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked
No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest
United States corporations by total revenue;[3] and it
was the world's largest software maker by revenue in
2022 according to Forbes Global 2000. It is considered Aerial view of the Microsoft Redmond campus
one of the Big Five American information technology
Company Public
companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of
type
Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (parent company
of Facebook). Traded as Nasdaq: MSFT (https://www.na
sdaq.com/market-activity/stock
Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen s/msft)
on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell BASIC Nasdaq-100 component
interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the DJIA component
personal computer operating system market with MS- S&P 100 component
DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. The S&P 500 component
company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) and ISIN US5949181045 (https://isin.tool
subsequent rise in its share price created three forge.org/?language=en&isin=U
billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires S5949181045)
among Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has Industry Information technology
increasingly diversified from the operating system
Founded April 4, 1975 in
market and has made several corporate acquisitions, Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.
the largest being the acquisition of Activision Blizzard
Founders Bill Gates
for $68.7 billion in October 2023,[4] followed by its
Paul Allen
acquisition of LinkedIn for $26.2 billion in December
2016,[5] and its acquisition of Skype Technologies for Headquarters One Microsoft Way,
$8.5 billion in May 2011.[6] Redmond, Washington, U.S.
Area served Worldwide
As of 2015, Microsoft is market-dominant in the IBM Key people Satya Nadella (chairman &
PC compatible operating system market and the office CEO)
software suite market, although it has lost the majority
Brad Smith (vice chairman &
of the overall operating system market to Android.[7] president)
The company also produces a wide range of other Bill Gates (technical adviser)
consumer and enterprise software for desktops,
laptops, tabs, gadgets, and servers, including Internet Products Software development
search (with Bing), the digital services market (through Computer hardware
MSN), mixed reality (HoloLens), cloud computing Consumer electronics
(Azure), and software development (Visual Studio). Social networking service

Steve Ballmer replaced Gates as CEO in 2000 and Cloud computing

later envisioned a "devices and services" strategy.[8] Video games

This unfolded with Microsoft acquiring Danger Inc. in Internet
2008,[9] entering the personal computer production Corporate venture capital
market for the first time in June 2012 with the launch Brands Windows · Microsoft 365 ·
of the Microsoft Surface line of tablet computers, and Skype · Visual Studio · Xbox ·
later forming Microsoft Mobile through the acquisition Dynamics · Surface
of Nokia's devices and services division. Since Satya Services Edge · Azure · Bing · LinkedIn ·
Nadella took over as CEO in 2014, the company has Viva Engage · Microsoft 365 ·
scaled back on hardware and instead focused on cloud OneDrive · Outlook · GitHub ·
computing, a move that helped the company's shares Microsoft Store · Windows
Update · Xbox Game Pass ·
reach their highest value since December 1999.[10][11]
Xbox network
Under Nadella's direction, the company has also
Revenue US$211.9 billion (2023)
heavily expanded its gaming business to support the
Xbox brand, establishing the Microsoft Gaming Operating US$88.5 billion (2023)
income
division in 2022, dedicated to operating Xbox in
addition to its three subsidiaries (publishers). Microsoft Net income US$73.4 billion (2023)
Gaming is the third-largest gaming company in the Total assets US$411.9 billion (2023)
world by revenue as of 2024.[12] Total equity US$206.2 billion (2023)

In 2018, Microsoft became the most valuable publicly Number of 221,000 (2023)
employees
traded company in the world, a position it has
repeatedly traded with Apple in the years since.[13] In Divisions Microsoft Engineering Groups
April 2019, Microsoft reached a trillion-dollar market Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit
cap, becoming the third U.S. public company to be Microsoft Press
valued at over $1 trillion after Apple and Amazon, Microsoft Gaming
respectively. As of 2024, Microsoft has the third- Microsoft AI
highest global brand valuation. Subsidiaries Microsoft Japan

Microsoft has been criticized for its monopolistic Microsoft India

practices and the company's software has been Microsoft Egypt
criticized for problems with ease of use, robustness, GitHub
and security. LinkedIn
Metaswitch
Microsoft is one of only two U.S.-based companies
Nuance Communications
that has a prime credit rating of AAA.[14]
RiskIQ
Skype Technologies
Xamarin
History
Xandr

ASN 8075 (https://bgp.tools/as/807

1972–1985: Founding 5)
 Website microsoft.com (https://www.micr
osoft.com/)
Footnotes / references
Financials as of June 30, 2023[1]

Childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen sought to make a

business using their skills in computer programming.[16] In
1972, they founded Traf-O-Data, which sold a rudimentary
computer to track and analyze automobile traffic data. Gates
enrolled at Harvard University while Allen pursued a degree
An Altair 8800 computer (left) with the in computer science at Washington State University, though
popular Model 33 ASR Teletype as he later dropped out to work at Honeywell.[17] The January
terminal, paper tape reader, and paper tape 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured Micro
punch. Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems's (MITS) Altair 8800
microcomputer,[18] which inspired Allen to suggest that they
could program a
BASIC interpreter for the
device. Gates called MITS
and claimed that he had a
working interpreter, and
MITS requested a
demonstration. Allen
worked on a simulator for
Paul Allen and Bill Gates on October the Altair while Gates
19, 1981, after signing a pivotal Bill Gates and Paul Allen's Original
developed the interpreter, Business Cards located in the
contract with IBM.[15]: 228
and it worked flawlessly Microsoft Visitor Center.
when they demonstrated it
to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. MITS
agreed to distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC.[15]: 108, 112–114 Gates and Allen established Microsoft
on April 4, 1975, with Gates as CEO,[19] and Allen suggested the name "Micro-Soft," short for micro-
computer software.[20][21] In August 1977, the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in
Japan, resulting in its first international office of ASCII Microsoft.[22] Microsoft moved its headquarters to
Bellevue, Washington, in January 1979.[19]

Microsoft entered the operating system (OS) business in 1980 with its own version of Unix called
Xenix,[23] but it was MS-DOS that solidified the company's dominance. IBM awarded a contract to
Microsoft in November 1980 to provide a version of the CP/M OS to be used in the IBM Personal
Computer (IBM PC).[24] For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called 86-DOS from Seattle
Computer Products which it branded as MS-DOS, although IBM rebranded it to IBM PC DOS. Microsoft
retained ownership of MS-DOS following the release of the IBM PC in August 1981. IBM had
copyrighted the IBM PC BIOS, so other companies had to reverse engineer it for non-IBM hardware to run
as IBM PC compatibles, but no such restriction applied to the operating systems. Microsoft eventually
became the leading PC operating systems vendor.[25][26]: 210 The company expanded into new markets
with the release of the Microsoft Mouse in 1983, as well as with a publishing division named Microsoft
Press.[15]: 232 Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in 1983 after developing Hodgkin's lymphoma.[27] Allen
claimed in Idea Man: A Memoir by the co-founder of Microsoft that Gates wanted to dilute his share in the
company when he was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease because he did not think that he was working
hard enough.[28] Allen later invested in low-tech sectors, sports teams, commercial real estate, neuroscience,
private space flight, and more.[29]

1985–1994: Windows and Office

Microsoft released Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical
extension for MS-DOS,[15]: 242–243, 246 despite having begun
jointly developing OS/2 with IBM that August.[30] Microsoft
moved its headquarters from Bellevue to Redmond, Washington, on
February 26, 1986, and went public on March 13,[31] with the
resulting rise in stock making an estimated four billionaires and
12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees.[32] Microsoft
released its version of OS/2 to original equipment manufacturers
(OEMs) on April 2, 1987.[15] In 1990, the Federal Trade Windows 1.0 was released on
Commission examined Microsoft for possible collusion due to the November 20, 1985, as the first
partnership with IBM, marking the beginning of more than a version of the Windows line.
decade of legal clashes with the government. [33] : 243–244

Meanwhile, the company was at work on Microsoft Windows NT,

which was heavily based on their copy of the OS/2 code. It shipped on July 21, 1993, with a new modular
kernel and the 32-bit Win32 application programming interface (API), making it easier to port from 16-bit
(MS-DOS-based) Windows. Microsoft informed IBM of Windows NT, and the OS/2 partnership
deteriorated.[34]

In 1990, Microsoft introduced the Microsoft Office suite which bundled separate applications such as
Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel.[15]: 301 On May 22, Microsoft launched Windows 3.0, featuring
streamlined user interface graphics and improved protected mode capability for the Intel 386 processor,[35]
and both Office and Windows became dominant in their respective areas.[36][37]

On July 27, 1994, the Department of Justice's Antitrust Division filed a competitive impact statement that
said: "Beginning in 1988 and continuing until July 15, 1994, Microsoft induced many OEMs to execute
anti-competitive 'per processor licenses. Under a per-processor license, an OEM pays Microsoft a royalty
for each computer it sells containing a particular microprocessor, whether the OEM sells the computer with
a Microsoft operating system or a non-Microsoft operating system. In effect, the royalty payment to
Microsoft when no Microsoft product is being used acts as a penalty, or tax, on the OEM's use of a
competing PC operating system. Since 1988, Microsoft's use of per processor licenses has increased."[38]

1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox
Following Bill Gates's internal "Internet Tidal Wave memo" on May 26, 1995, Microsoft began to redefine
its offerings and expand its product line into computer networking and the World Wide Web.[39] With a few
exceptions of new companies, like Netscape, Microsoft was the only major and established company that
acted fast enough to be a part of the World Wide Web practically from the start. Other companies like
Borland, WordPerfect, Novell, IBM and Lotus, being much slower to adapt to the new situation, would
give Microsoft market dominance.[40]
 The company released Windows 95 on August 24, 1995, featuring
pre-emptive multitasking, a completely new user interface with a
novel start button, and 32-bit compatibility; similar to NT, it
provided the Win32 API.[41][42]: 20 Windows 95 came bundled
with the online service MSN, which was at first intended to be a
competitor to the Internet, and (for OEMs) Internet Explorer, a Web
browser. Internet Explorer has not bundled with the retail Windows
95 boxes, because the boxes were printed before the team finished
the Web browser, and instead were included in the Windows 95
In 1996, Microsoft released Windows
CE, a version of the operating
Plus! pack.[43] Backed by a high-profile marketing campaign[44]
system meant for personal digital and what The New York Times called "the splashiest, most frenzied,
assistants and other tiny computers, most expensive introduction of a computer product in the industry's
shown here on the HP 300LX. history,"[45] Windows 95 quickly became a success.[46] Branching
out into new markets in 1996, Microsoft and General Electric's
NBC unit created a new 24/7 cable news channel, MSNBC.[47]
Microsoft created Windows CE 1.0, a new OS designed for devices with low memory and other
constraints, such as personal digital assistants.[48] In October 1997, the Justice Department filed a motion in
the Federal District Court, stating that Microsoft violated an agreement signed in 1994 and asked the court
to stop the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows.[15]: 323–324

On January 13, 2000, Bill Gates handed over the CEO position to
Steve Ballmer, an old college friend of Gates and employee of the
company since 1980, while creating a new position for himself as
Chief Software Architect.[15]: 111, 228 [19] Various companies
including Microsoft formed the Trusted Computing Platform
Alliance in October 1999 to (among other things) increase security Microsoft released the first
and protect intellectual property through identifying changes in installment in the Xbox series of
hardware and software. Critics decried the alliance as a way to consoles in 2001. The Xbox,
enforce indiscriminate restrictions over how consumers use graphically powerful compared to its
software, and over how computers behave, and as a form of digital rivals, featured a standard PC's
733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor.
rights management: for example, the scenario where a computer is
not only secured for its owner but also secured against its owner as
well.[49][50] On April 3, 2000, a judgment was handed down in the case of United States v. Microsoft
Corp.,[51] calling the company an "abusive monopoly."[52] Microsoft later settled with the U.S. Department
of Justice in 2004.[31]

On October 25, 2001, Microsoft released Windows XP, unifying the mainstream and NT lines of OS under
the NT codebase.[53] The company released the Xbox later that year, entering the video game console
market dominated by Sony and Nintendo.[54] In March 2004 the European Union brought antitrust legal
action against the company, citing it abused its dominance with the Windows OS, resulting in a judgment of
€497 million ($613 million) and requiring Microsoft to produce new versions of Windows XP without
Windows Media Player: Windows XP Home Edition N and Windows XP Professional N.[55][56] In
November 2005, the company's second video game console, the Xbox 360, was released. There were two
versions, a basic version for $299.99 and a deluxe version for $399.99.[57]
Increasingly present in the hardware business following Xbox, Microsoft 2006 released the Zune series of
digital media players, a successor of its previous software platform Portable Media Center. These expanded
on previous hardware commitments from Microsoft following its original Microsoft Mouse in 1983; as of
2007 the company sold the best-selling wired keyboard (Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000), mouse
(IntelliMouse), and desktop webcam (LifeCam) in the United States. That year the company also launched
the Surface "digital table", later renamed PixelSense.[58]

2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft

Stores
Released in January 2007,
the next version of
Windows, Vista, focused on
features, security and a
redesigned user interface
dubbed Aero.[60][61]
Microsoft Office 2007, Headquarters of the European
CEO Steve Ballmer at the MIX event released at the same time, Commission, which has imposed
in 2008. In an interview about his featured a "Ribbon" user several fines on Microsoft.
management style in 2005, he interface which was a
mentioned that his first priority was significant departure from
to get the people he delegates to in
its predecessors. Relatively strong sales of both products helped to
order. Ballmer also emphasized the
produce a record profit in 2007.[62] The European Union imposed
need to continue pursuing new
technologies even if initial attempts another fine of €899 million ($1.4 billion) for Microsoft's lack of
fail, citing the original attempts with compliance with the March 2004 judgment on February 27, 2008,
Windows as an example.[59] saying that the company charged rivals unreasonable prices for key
information about its workgroup and backoffice servers.[63]
Microsoft stated that it was in compliance and that "these fines are
about the past issues that have been resolved".[64] 2007 also saw the creation of a multi-core unit at
Microsoft, following the steps of server companies such as Sun and IBM.[65]

Gates retired from his role as Chief Software Architect on June 27, 2008, a decision announced in June
2006, while retaining other positions related to the company in addition to being an advisor for the company
on key projects.[66][67] Azure Services Platform, the company's entry into the cloud computing market for
Windows, launched on October 27, 2008.[68] On February 12, 2009, Microsoft announced its intent to
open a chain of Microsoft-branded retail stores, and on October 22, 2009, the first retail Microsoft Store
opened in Scottsdale, Arizona; the same day Windows 7 was officially released to the public. Windows 7's
focus was on refining Vista with ease-of-use features and performance enhancements, rather than an
extensive reworking of Windows.[69][70][71]

As the smartphone industry boomed in the late 2000s, Microsoft had struggled to keep up with its rivals in
providing a modern smartphone operating system, falling behind Apple and Google-sponsored Android in
the United States.[72] As a result, in 2010 Microsoft revamped their aging flagship mobile operating system,
Windows Mobile, replacing it with the new Windows Phone OS that was released in October that
year.[73][74] It used a new user interface design language, codenamed "Metro," which prominently used
simple shapes, typography, and iconography, utilizing the concept of minimalism. Microsoft implemented a
new strategy for the software industry, providing a consistent user experience across all smartphones using
the Windows Phone OS. It launched an alliance with Nokia in 2011 and Microsoft worked closely with the
company to co-develop Windows Phone,[75] but remained partners with long-time Windows Mobile OEM
HTC.[76] Microsoft is a founding member of the Open Networking Foundation started on March 23, 2011.
Fellow founders were Google, HPE Networking, Yahoo!, Verizon Communications, Deutsche Telekom
and 17 other companies. This nonprofit organization is focused on providing support for a cloud computing
initiative called Software-Defined Networking.[77] The initiative is meant to speed innovation through
simple software changes in telecommunications networks, wireless networks, data centers, and other
networking areas.[78]

2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices

Following the release of Windows Phone, Microsoft undertook a
gradual rebranding of its product range throughout 2011 and 2012,
with the corporation's logos, products, services, and websites
adopting the principles and concepts of the Metro design
language.[79] Microsoft unveiled Windows 8, an operating system
designed to power both personal computers and tablet computers, in
Taipei in June 2011.[80] A developer preview was released on
September 13, which was subsequently replaced by a consumer Surface Pro 3, part of the Surface
preview on February 29, 2012, and released to the public in series of 2-in-1 laptops by Microsoft.
May.[81] The Surface was unveiled on June 18, becoming the first
computer in the company's history to have its hardware made by
Microsoft.[82][83] On June 25, Microsoft paid US$1.2 billion to buy the social network Yammer.[84] On
July 31, they launched the Outlook.com webmail service to compete with Gmail.[85] On September 4,
2012, Microsoft released Windows Server 2012.[86]

In July 2012, Microsoft sold its 50% stake in MSNBC, which it had run as a joint venture with NBC since
1996.[87] On October 1, Microsoft announced its intention to launch a news operation, part of a new-look
MSN, with Windows 8 later in the month.[88] On October 26, 2012, Microsoft launched Windows 8 and
the Microsoft Surface.[83][89] Three days later, Windows Phone 8 was launched.[90] To cope with the
potential for an increase in demand for products and services, Microsoft opened a number of "holiday
stores" across the U.S. to complement the increasing number of "bricks-and-mortar" Microsoft Stores that
opened in 2012.[91] On March 29, 2013, Microsoft launched a Patent Tracker.[92]

In August 2012, the New York City Police Department announced a partnership with Microsoft for the
development of the Domain Awareness System which is used for Police surveillance in New York City.[93]

The Kinect, a motion-sensing input device made by Microsoft and

designed as a video game controller, first introduced in November
2010, was upgraded for the 2013 release of the Xbox One video
game console. Kinect's capabilities were revealed in May 2013: an
ultra-wide 1080p camera, function in the dark due to an infrared
sensor, higher-end processing power and new software, the ability
to distinguish between fine movements (such as a thumb
The Xbox One console, released in
movement), and determining a user's heart rate by looking at their
2013. face.[94] Microsoft filed a patent application in 2011 that suggests
that the corporation may use the Kinect camera system to monitor
the behavior of television viewers as part of a plan to make the viewing experience more interactive.[95] On
July 19, 2013, Microsoft stocks suffered their biggest one-day percentage sell-off since the year 2000, after
its fourth-quarter report raised concerns among investors on the poor showings of both Windows 8 and the
Surface tablet. Microsoft suffered a loss of more than US$32 billion.[96]

In line with the maturing PC business, in July 2013, Microsoft announced that it would reorganize the
business into four new business divisions, namely Operating systems, Apps, Cloud, and Devices. All
previous divisions will be dissolved into new divisions without any workforce cuts.[97] On September 3,
2013, Microsoft agreed to buy Nokia's mobile unit for $7 billion,[98] following Amy Hood taking the role
of CFO.[99]

2014–2020: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge, and HoloLens

On February 4, 2014, Steve Ballmer stepped down as CEO of
Microsoft and was succeeded by Satya Nadella, who previously led
Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise division.[100] On the same day,
John W. Thompson took on the role of chairman, in place of Bill
Gates, who continued to participate as a technology advisor.[101]
Thompson became the second chairman in Microsoft's history.[102]
On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services
for $7.2 billion.[103] This new subsidiary was renamed Microsoft Satya Nadella succeeded Steve
Mobile Oy.[104] On September 15, 2014, Microsoft acquired the Ballmer as the CEO of Microsoft in
video game development company Mojang, best known for February 2014.
Minecraft, for $2.5 billion.[105] On June 8, 2017, Microsoft
acquired Hexadite, an Israeli security firm, for
$100 million. [106][107]

On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced the release of their first Interactive whiteboard, Microsoft
Surface Hub.[108] On July 29, 2015, Windows 10 was released,[109] with its server sibling, Windows
Server 2016, released in September 2016. In Q1 2015, Microsoft was the third largest maker of mobile
phones, selling 33 million units (7.2% of all). While a large majority (at least 75%) of them do not run any
version of Windows Phone — those other phones are not categorized as smartphones by Gartner – in the
same timeframe 8 million Windows smartphones (2.5% of all smartphones) were made by all manufacturers
(but mostly by Microsoft).[110] Microsoft's share of the U.S. smartphone market in January 2016 was
2.7%.[111] During the summer of 2015 the company lost $7.6 billion related to its mobile-phone business,
firing 7,800 employees.[112]

On March 1, 2016, Microsoft announced the merger of its PC and Xbox divisions, with Phil Spencer
announcing that Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps would be the focus for Microsoft's gaming in
the future.[113] On January 24, 2017, Microsoft showcased Intune for Education at the BETT 2017
education technology conference in London.[114] Intune for Education is a new cloud-based application
and device management service for the education sector.[115] In May 2016, the company announced it was
laying off 1,850 workers, and taking an impairment and restructuring charge of $950 million.[112]

In June 2016, Microsoft announced a project named Microsoft Azure Information Protection. It aims to help
enterprises protect their data as it moves between servers and devices.[116] In November 2016, Microsoft
joined the Linux Foundation as a Platinum member during Microsoft's Connect(); developer event in New
York.[117] The cost of each Platinum membership is US$500,000 per year.[118] Some analysts deemed this
unthinkable ten years prior, however, as in 2001 then-CEO Steve Ballmer called Linux "cancer".[119]
Microsoft planned to launch a preview of Intune for Education "in the coming weeks," with general
availability scheduled for spring 2017, priced at $30 per device, or through volume licensing
agreements.[120]

In January 2018, Microsoft patched Windows 10 to account for

CPU problems related to Intel's Meltdown security breach. The
patch led to issues with the Microsoft Azure virtual machines reliant
on Intel's CPU architecture. On January 12, Microsoft released
PowerShell Core 6.0 for the macOS and Linux operating
systems.[121] In February 2018, Microsoft killed notification
support for their Windows Phone devices which effectively ended
firmware updates for the discontinued devices.[121] In March 2018,
The Nokia Lumia 1320, the Microsoft
Microsoft recalled Windows 10 S to change it to a mode for the
Lumia 535 and the Nokia Lumia 530,
which all run on one of the now-
Windows operating system rather than a separate and unique
discontinued Windows Phone operating system. In March the company also established guidelines
operating systems. that censor users of Office 365 from using profanity in private
documents.[121]

In April 2018, Microsoft released the source code for Windows File Manager under the MIT License to
celebrate the program's 20th anniversary. In April the company further expressed willingness to embrace
open source initiatives by announcing Azure Sphere as its own derivative of the Linux operating
system.[121] In May 2018, Microsoft partnered with 17 American intelligence agencies to develop cloud
computing products. The project is dubbed "Azure Government" and has ties to the Joint Enterprise
Defense Infrastructure (JEDI) surveillance program.[121] On June 4, 2018, Microsoft officially announced
the acquisition of GitHub for $7.5 billion, a deal that closed on October 26, 2018.[122][123] On July 10,
2018, Microsoft revealed the Surface Go platform to the public. Later in the month, it converted Microsoft
Teams to gratis.[121] In August 2018, Microsoft released two projects called Microsoft AccountGuard and
Defending Democracy. It also unveiled Snapdragon 850 compatibility for Windows 10 on the ARM
architecture.[124][125][121]

In August 2018, Toyota Tsusho began a partnership with Microsoft to create fish farming tools using the
Microsoft Azure application suite for Internet of things (IoT) technologies related to water management.
Developed in part by researchers from Kindai University, the water pump mechanisms use artificial
intelligence to count the number of fish on a conveyor belt, analyze the number of fish, and deduce the
effectiveness of water flow from the data the fish provide. The specific computer programs used in the
process fall under the Azure Machine Learning and the Azure IoT Hub platforms.[126]

In September 2018, Microsoft discontinued Skype Classic.[121] On October 10, 2018, Microsoft joined the
Open Invention Network community despite holding more than 60,000 patents.[127] In November 2018,
Microsoft agreed to supply 100,000 Microsoft HoloLens headsets to the United States military in order to
"increase lethality by enhancing the ability to detect, decide and engage before the enemy." [128] In
November 2018, Microsoft introduced Azure Multi-Factor Authentication for Microsoft Azure.[129] In
December 2018, Microsoft announced Project Mu, an open source release of the Unified Extensible
Firmware Interface (UEFI) core used in Microsoft Surface and Hyper-V products. The project promotes the
idea of Firmware as a Service.[130] In the same month, Microsoft announced the open source
implementation of Windows Forms and the Windows Presentation
Foundation (WPF) which will allow for further movement of the company
toward the transparent release of key frameworks used in developing
Windows desktop applications and software. December also saw the
company discontinue the Microsoft Edge project in favor of Chromium
backends for their browsers.[129]

On February 20, 2019, Microsoft Corp said it will offer its cyber security
service AccountGuard to 12 new markets in Europe including Germany,
France and Spain, to close security gaps and protect customers in political
space from hacking.[131] In February 2019, hundreds of Microsoft
employees protested the company's war profiteering from a $480 million
contract to develop virtual reality headsets for the United States Army.[132]
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz
Aldrin using a Microsoft
2020–present: Acquisitions, Xbox Series X/S, and HoloLens mixed reality
headset in September 2016.
Windows 11
On March 26, 2020, Microsoft announced it was acquiring Affirmed
Networks for about $1.35 billion.[133][134] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft closed all of its
retail stores indefinitely due to health concerns.[135] On July 22, 2020, Microsoft announced plans to close
its Mixer service, planning to move existing partners to Facebook Gaming.[136]

On July 31, 2020, it was reported that Microsoft was in talks to acquire TikTok after the Trump
administration ordered ByteDance to divest ownership of the application to the U.S.[137] On August 3,
2020, after speculation on the deal, Donald Trump stated that Microsoft could buy the application, however,
it should be completed by September 15, 2020, and that the United States Department of the Treasury
should receive a portion if it were to go through.[138]

On August 5, 2020, Microsoft stopped its xCloud game streaming test for iOS devices. According to
Microsoft, the future of xCloud on iOS remains unclear and potentially out of Microsoft's hands. Apple has
imposed a strict limit on "remote desktop clients" which means applications are only allowed to connect to a
user-owned host device or gaming console owned by the user.[139] On September 21, 2020, Microsoft
announced its intent to acquire video game company ZeniMax Media, the parent company of Bethesda
Softworks, for about $7.5 billion, with the deal expected to occur in the second half of 2021 fiscal year.[140]
On March 9, 2021, the acquisition was finalized and ZeniMax Media became part of Microsoft's Xbox
Game Studios division.[141] The total price of the deal was $8.1 billion.[142]

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that it had an exclusive license to use OpenAI's GPT-3
artificial intelligence language generator.[143] The previous version of GPT-3, called GPT-2, made
headlines for being "too dangerous to release" and had numerous capabilities, including designing websites,
prescribing medication, answering questions, and penning articles.[144]

On November 10, 2020, Microsoft released the Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S video game
consoles.[145]

In April 2021, Microsoft announced it would buy Nuance Communications for approximately $16
billion.[146] The acquisition of Nuance was completed in March 2022.[147] In 2021, in part due to the
strong quarterly earnings spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft's valuation came to nearly $2
trillion. The increased necessity for remote work and distance education drove demand for cloud computing
and grew the company's gaming sales.[148][149][150]

On June 24, 2021, Microsoft announced Windows 11 during a Livestream. The announcement came with
confusion after Microsoft announced Windows 10 would be the last version of the operating system; set to
be released in the third quarter of 2021.[151] It was released to the general public on October 5, 2021.[152]

In September 2021, it was announced that the company had acquired Takelessons, an online platform that
connects students and tutors in numerous subjects. The acquisition positioned Microsoft to grow its
presence in the market of providing online education to large numbers of people.[153] In the same month,
Microsoft acquired Australia-based video editing software company Clipchamp.[154]

In October 2021, Microsoft announced that it began rolling out end-to-end encryption (E2EE) support for
Microsoft Teams calls in order to secure business communication while using video conferencing software.
Users can ensure that their calls are encrypted and can utilize a security code that both parties on a call must
verify on their respective ends.[155] On October 7, Microsoft acquired Ally.io, a software service that
measures companies' progress against OKRs. Microsoft plans to incorporate Ally.io into its Viva family of
employee experience products.[156]

On January 18, 2022, Microsoft announced the acquisition of American video game developer and holding
company Activision Blizzard in an all-cash deal worth $68.7 billion.[157] Activision Blizzard is best known
for producing franchises, including but not limited to Warcraft, Diablo, Call of Duty, StarCraft, Candy
Crush Saga, Crash Bandicoot, Spyro, Tony Hawk's, Guitar Hero, and Overwatch.[158] Activision and
Microsoft each released statements saying the acquisition was to benefit their businesses in the metaverse,
many saw Microsoft's acquisition of video game studios as an attempt to compete against Meta Platforms,
with TheStreet referring to Microsoft wanting to become "the Disney of the metaverse".[159][160] Microsoft
also named Phil Spencer, head of the Xbox brand since 2014, the inaugural CEO of the newly established
Microsoft Gaming division, which now houses the Xbox operations team and the three publishers in the
company's portfolio (Xbox Game Studios, ZeniMax Media, Activision Blizzard). Microsoft has not
released statements regarding Activision's recent legal controversies regarding employee abuse, but reports
have alleged that Activision CEO Bobby Kotick, a major target of the controversy, will leave the company
after the acquisition is finalized.[161] The deal was closed on October 13, 2023.[162]

In December 2022, Microsoft announced a new 10-year deal with the London Stock Exchange for
products including Microsoft Azure; Microsoft acquired ~4% of the LSE as part of the deal.[163]

In January 2023, CEO Satya Nadella announced Microsoft would lay off some 10,000 employees.[164]
The announcement came a day after hosting a Sting concert for 50 people, including Microsoft executives,
in Davos, Switzerland.[165]

On January 23, 2023, Microsoft announced a new multi-year, multi-billion dollar investment deal with
ChatGPT developer OpenAI.[166]

At a November 2023 developer conference, Microsoft announced two new custom-designed computing
chips: The Maia chip, designed to run large language models, and Cobalt CPU, designed to power general
cloud services on Azure.[167][168]
On November 20, 2023, Satya Nadella announced the former (and again current) OpenAI CEO Sam
Altman and former (and current) president Greg Brockman will be joining Microsoft to lead a new
advanced AI research team.[169][170]

In January 2024, Microsoft became the most valued publicly traded company. Meanwhile, that month, the
company announced a subscription offering of artificial intelligence for small businesses via Copilot
Pro.[171][172]

On April 16, 2024, Microsoft made a significant investment of $1.5 billion in the Emirati AI firm G42,
according to reports from The New York Times. This move underscores Microsoft's commitment to
advancing artificial intelligence technology and its strategic partnership with G42 in the evolving global AI
landscape. [173]

On April 30, 2024, Microsoft unveiled plans to invest $1.7 billion in developing AI and cloud infrastructure
in Indonesia. The initiative aims to bolster the country's digital transformation efforts, with the establishment
of data centers and partnerships to drive innovation across various sectors, marking a significant step in
regional tech advancement. [174]

In May 2024, Microsoft announced a $3.3 billion investment to build an artificial intelligence hub in
southeast Wisconsin, tripling its initial proposal. This initiative, unveiled by President Joe Biden in Racine
County, includes constructing a data center, creating 2,300 construction jobs by 2025, and 2,000 permanent
jobs over time, alongside establishing an AI co-innovation lab at UW-Milwaukee to train up to 1,000
individuals by 2030.[175]

In June 2024, Microsoft announced it would be laying off 1,000 employees from the company's mixed
reality and Azure cloud computing divisions.[176][177]

In June 2024, Microsoft announced that they were building a "hyperscale data centre" in South East
Leeds.[178] In July 2024, it was reported that the company was laying off its diversity, equity, and inclusion
(DEI) team.[179][180]

On July 19, 2024, a global IT outage impacted Microsoft services, affecting businesses, airlines, and
financial institutions worldwide. The outage was traced back to a flawed update of CrowdStrike's
cybersecurity software, which resulted in Microsoft systems crashing and causing disruptions across various
sectors. Despite CrowdStrike's CEO George Kurtz clarifying that the issue was not a cyberattack, the
incident had widespread consequences, leading to delays in air travel, financial transactions, and medical
services globally. Microsoft stated that the underlying cause had been fixed but acknowledged ongoing
residual impacts on some Microsoft 365 apps and services.[181][182]

Corporate affairs

Board of directors
The company is run by a board of directors made up of mostly company outsiders, as is customary for
publicly traded companies. Members of the board of directors as of December 2023 are Satya Nadella, Reid
Hoffman, Hugh Johnston, Teri List, Sandi Peterson, Penny Pritzker, Carlos Rodriguez, Charles Scharf,
John W. Stanton, John W. Thompson, Emma Walmsley and Padmasree Warrior.[183]
Board members are elected every year at the annual shareholders' meeting using a majority vote system.
There are four committees within the board that oversee more specific matters. These committees include
the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues with the company including auditing and reporting;
the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the
company; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters including
the nomination of the board; and the Regulatory and Public Policy Committee, which includes
legal/antitrust matters, along with privacy, trade, digital safety, artificial intelligence, and environmental
sustainability.[184]

On March 13, 2020, Gates announced that he is leaving the board of directors of Microsoft and Berkshire
Hathaway to focus more on his philanthropic efforts. According to Aaron Tilley of The Wall Street Journal
this is "marking the biggest boardroom departure in the tech industry since the death of longtime rival and
Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs."[185]

On January 13, 2022, The Wall Street Journal reported that Microsoft's board of directors plans to hire an
external law firm to review its sexual harassment and gender discrimination policies, and to release a
summary of how the company handled past allegations of misconduct against Bill Gates and other
corporate executives.[186]

Chief executives
1. Bill Gates (1975–2000)
2. Steve Ballmer (2000–2014)
3. Satya Nadella (2014–present)

Financial
When Microsoft went public and launched its
initial public offering (IPO) in 1986, the
opening stock price was $21; after the trading
day, the price closed at $27.75. As of July
2010, with the company's nine stock splits, any
IPO shares would be multiplied by 288; if one
were to buy the IPO today, given the splits and
other factors, it would cost about
9 cents.[15]: 235–236 [188][189] The stock price
Five year history graph of Nasdaq: MSFT (https://www.nas
peaked in 1999 at around $119 ($60.928,
daq.com/market-activity/stocks/msft) stock on July 17,
adjusting for splits).[190] The company began
2013.[187]
to offer a dividend on January 16, 2003,
starting at eight cents per share for the fiscal
year followed by a dividend of sixteen cents per share the subsequent year, switching from yearly to
quarterly dividends in 2005 with eight cents a share per quarter and a special one-time payout of three
dollars per share for the second quarter of the fiscal year.[190][191] Though the company had subsequent
increases in dividend payouts, the price of Microsoft's stock remained steady for years.[191][192]
Standard & Poor's and Moody's Investors Service have both given a AAA rating to Microsoft, whose assets
were valued at $41 billion as compared to only $8.5 billion in unsecured debt. Consequently, in February
2011 Microsoft released a corporate bond amounting to $2.25 billion with relatively low borrowing rates
compared to government bonds.[193] For the first time in 20 years Apple Inc. surpassed Microsoft in Q1
2011 quarterly profits and revenues due to a slowdown in PC sales and continuing huge losses in
Microsoft's Online Services Division (which contains its search engine Bing). Microsoft profits were
$5.2 billion, while Apple Inc. profits were $6 billion, on revenues of $14.5 billion and $24.7 billion
respectively.[194] Microsoft's Online Services Division has been continuously loss-making since 2006 and
in Q1 2011 it lost $726 million. This follows a loss of $2.5 billion for the year 2010.[195]

On July 20, 2012, Microsoft posted its first quarterly loss Sales by region (2023)[196]
ever, despite earning record revenues for the quarter and
Region Sales in billion $ share
fiscal year, with a net loss of $492 million due to a writedown
related to the advertising company aQuantive, which had United States 106.7 50.4%

been acquired for $6.2 billion back in 2007.[197] As of Other countries 105.2 49.6%
January 2014, Microsoft's market capitalization stood at
$314B,[198] making it the 8th largest company in the world by market capitalization.[199] On November 14,
2014, Microsoft overtook ExxonMobil to become the second most-valuable company by market
capitalization, behind only Apple Inc. Its total market value was over $410B—with the stock price hitting
$50.04 a share, the highest since early 2000.[200] In 2015, Reuters reported that Microsoft Corp had
earnings abroad of $76.4 billion which were untaxed by the Internal Revenue Service. Under U.S. law,
corporations do not pay income tax on overseas profits until the profits are brought into the United
States.[201]

The key trends of Microsoft are (as at the financial year ending June 30):[202][203]
 Revenue Net income Total Assets
Year Employees[205]
in billion US$[204] in billion US$[204] in billion US$[204]
2005 39.7 12.2 70.8 61,000

2006 44.2 12.5 69.5 71,000

2007 51.1 14.0 63.1 79,000

2008 60.4 17.6 72.7 91,000

2009 58.4 14.5 77.8 93,000

2010 62.4 18.7 86.1 89,000

2011 69.9 23.1 108 90,000

2012 73.7 16.9 121 94,000

2013 77.8 21.8 142 99,000

2014 86.8 22.0 172 128,000

2015 93.5 12.1 174 118,000

2016 91.1 20.5 193 114,000

2017 96.5 21.2 250 124,000

2018 110 16.5 258 131,000

2019 125 39.2 286 144,106

2020 143 44.2 301 163,000

2021 168 61.2 333 181,000

2022 198 72.7 364 221,000

2023 211 72.3 411 238,000

In November 2018, the company won a $480 million military contract with the U.S. government to bring
augmented reality (AR) headset technology into the weapon repertoires of American soldiers. The two-year
contract may result in follow-on orders of more than 100,000 headsets, according to documentation
describing the bidding process. One of the contract's tag lines for the augmented reality technology seems to
be its ability to enable "25 bloodless battles before the 1st battle," suggesting that actual combat training is
going to be an essential aspect of the augmented reality headset capabilities.[206]

Subsidiaries
Microsoft is an international business. As such, it needs subsidiaries present in whatever national markets it
chooses to harvest. An example is Microsoft Canada, which it established in 1985.[207] Other countries
have similar installations, to funnel profits back up to Redmond and to distribute the dividends to the
holders of MSFT stock.

Ownership
The 10 largest shareholder of Microsoft in early 2024 were:[196] [208]
 Shareholder name Percentage

The Vanguard Group 8.9%

BlackRock 5.6%
State Street Corporation 4.0%

Steve Ballmer 4.0%

Fidelity Investments 2.9%

Geode Capital Management 2.1%

T. Rowe Price International 1.9%

Eaton Vance 1.7%

JP Morgan Investment Management 1.6%

Bill Gates 1.4%

BlackRock Life 1.4%

Others 68.5%

Marketing
In 2004, Microsoft commissioned research firms to do independent
studies comparing the total cost of ownership (TCO) of Windows
Server 2003 to Linux; the firms concluded that companies found
Windows easier to administrate than Linux, thus those using
Windows would administrate faster resulting in lower costs for their
company (i.e. lower TCO).[209] This spurred a wave of related
studies; a study by the Yankee Group concluded that upgrading
from one version of Windows Server to another costs a fraction of
the switching costs from Windows Server to Linux, although Windows 8 Launch Event in
companies surveyed noted the increased security and reliability of Akihabara, Tokyo on October 25,
Linux servers and concern about being locked into using Microsoft 2012.
products. [210] Another study, released by the Open Source
Development Labs, claimed that the Microsoft studies were "simply
outdated and one-sided" and their survey concluded that the TCO of Linux was lower due to Linux
administrators managing more servers on average and other reasons.[211]

As part of the "Get the Facts" campaign, Microsoft highlighted the .NET Framework trading platform that
it had developed in partnership with Accenture for the London Stock Exchange, claiming that it provided
"five nines" reliability. After suffering extended downtime and unreliability[212][213] the London Stock
Exchange announced in 2009 that it was planning to drop its Microsoft solution and switch to a Linux-
based one in 2010.[214][215]

In 2012, Microsoft hired a political pollster named Mark Penn, whom The New York Times called "famous
for bulldozing" his political opponents[216] as Executive Vice-president, Advertising and Strategy. Penn
created a series of negative advertisements targeting one of Microsoft's chief competitors, Google. The
advertisements, called "Scroogled," attempt to make the case that Google is "screwing" consumers with
search results rigged to favor Google's paid advertisers, that Gmail violates the privacy of its users to place
ad results related to the content of their emails and shopping results, which favor Google products. Tech
publications like TechCrunch have been highly critical of the advertising campaign,[217] while Google
employees have embraced it.[218]

Layoffs
In July 2014, Microsoft announced plans to lay off 18,000 employees. Microsoft employed 127,104 people
as of June 5, 2014, making this about a 14 percent reduction of its workforce as the biggest Microsoft layoff
ever. This included 12,500 professional and factory personnel. Previously, Microsoft had eliminated 5,800
jobs in 2009 in line with the Great Recession of 2008–2017.[219][220] In September 2014, Microsoft laid
off 2,100 people, including 747 people in the Seattle–Redmond area, where the company is headquartered.
The firings came as a second wave of the layoffs that were previously announced. This brought the total
number to over 15,000 out of the 18,000 expected cuts.[221] In October 2014, Microsoft revealed that it
was almost done with eliminating 18,000 employees, which was its largest-ever layoff sweep.[222] In July
2015, Microsoft announced another 7,800 job cuts in the next several months.[223] In May 2016, Microsoft
announced another 1,850 job cuts mostly in its Nokia mobile phone division. As a result, the company will
record an impairment and restructuring charge of approximately $950 million, of which approximately
$200 million will relate to severance payments.[224]

Microsoft laid off 1,900 employees in its gaming division in January 2024. The layoffs primarily affected
Activision Blizzard employees, but some Xbox and ZeniMax employees were also affected.[225] Blizzard
president Mike Ybarra and Blizzard's chief design officer Allen Adham also resigned.[226]

United States government

Microsoft provides information about reported bugs in their software to intelligence agencies of the United
States government, prior to the public release of the fix. A Microsoft spokesperson has stated that the
corporation runs several programs that facilitate the sharing of such information with the U.S.
government.[227] Following media reports about PRISM, NSA's massive electronic surveillance program,
in May 2013, several technology companies were identified as participants, including Microsoft.[228]
According to leaks of said program, Microsoft joined the PRISM program in 2007.[229] However, in June
2013, an official statement from Microsoft flatly denied their participation in the program:

"We provide customer data only when we receive a legally binding order or subpoena to do so,
and never on a voluntary basis. In addition, we only ever comply with orders for requests about
specific accounts or identifiers. If the government has a broader voluntary national security
program to gather customer data, we don't participate in it."[230]

During the first six months of 2013, Microsoft received requests that affected between 15,000 and 15,999
accounts.[231] In December 2013, the company made a statement to further emphasize the fact that they
take their customers' privacy and data protection very seriously, even saying that "government snooping
potentially now constitutes an 'advanced persistent threat,' alongside sophisticated malware and cyber
attacks".[232] The statement also marked the beginning of three-part program to enhance Microsoft's
encryption and transparency efforts. On July 1, 2014, as part of this program, they opened the first (of
many) Microsoft Transparency Center, which provides "participating governments with the ability to review
source code for our key products, assure themselves of their software integrity, and confirm there are no
"back doors."[233] Microsoft has also argued that the United States Congress should enact strong privacy
regulations to protect consumer data.[234]

In April 2016, the company sued the U.S. government, argued that secrecy orders were preventing the
company from disclosing warrants to customers in violation of the company's and customers' rights.
Microsoft argued that it was unconstitutional for the government to indefinitely ban Microsoft from
informing its users that the government was requesting their emails and other documents and that the Fourth
Amendment made it so people or businesses had the right to know if the government searches or seizes
their property. On October 23, 2017, Microsoft said it would drop the lawsuit as a result of a policy change
by the United States Department of Justice (DoJ). The DoJ had "changed data request rules on alerting the
Internet users about agencies accessing their information."

Security challenges
On a Friday afternoon in January 2024, Microsoft disclosed that a Russian state-sponsored group hacked
into its corporate systems. The group, accessed "a very small percentage" of Microsoft corporate email
accounts, which also included members of its senior leadership team and employees in its cybersecurity and
legal teams.[235] Microsoft noted in a blog post that the attack might have been prevented if the accounts in
question had enabled multi-factor authentication, a defensive measure which is widely recommended in the
industry, including by Microsoft itself.[236]

Corporate identity

Corporate culture
Technical references for developers and articles for various Microsoft magazines such as Microsoft Systems
Journal (MSJ) are available through the Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN). MSDN also offers
subscriptions for companies and individuals, and the more expensive subscriptions usually offer access to
pre-release beta versions of Microsoft software.[237][238] In April 2004, Microsoft launched a community
site for developers and users, titled Channel 9, that provides a wiki and an Internet forum.[239] Another
community site that provides daily videocasts and other services, On10.net, launched on March 3,
2006.[240] Free technical support is traditionally provided through online Usenet newsgroups, and
CompuServe in the past, monitored by Microsoft employees; there can be several newsgroups for a single
product. Helpful people can be elected by peers or Microsoft employees for Microsoft Most Valuable
Professional (MVP) status, which entitles them to a sort of special social status and possibilities for awards
and other benefits.[241]

Noted for its internal lexicon, the expression "eating your own dog food" is used to describe the policy of
using pre-release and beta versions of products inside Microsoft to test them in "real-world" situations.[242]
This is usually shortened to just "dog food" and is used as a noun, verb, and adjective. Another bit of
jargon, FYIFV or FYIV ("Fuck You, I'm [Fully] Vested"), is used by an employee to indicate they are
financially independent and can avoid work anytime they wish.[243]
Microsoft is an outspoken opponent of the cap on H-1B visas, which allows companies in the U.S. to
employ certain foreign workers. Bill Gates claims the cap on H1B visas makes it difficult to hire employees
for the company, stating "I'd certainly get rid of the H1B cap" in 2005.[244] Critics of H1B visas argue that
relaxing the limits would result in increased unemployment for U.S. citizens due to H1B workers working
for lower salaries.[245]

The Human Rights Campaign Corporate Equality Index, a report of how progressive the organization
deems company policies towards LGBT employees, rated Microsoft as 87% from 2002 to 2004 and as
100% from 2005 to 2010 after they allowed gender expression.[246]

In August 2018, Microsoft implemented a policy for all companies providing subcontractors to require 12
weeks of paid parental leave to each employee. This expands on the former requirement from 2015
requiring 15 days of paid vacation and sick leave each year.[247] In 2015, Microsoft established its own
parental leave policy to allow 12 weeks off for parental leave with an additional 8 weeks for the parent who
gave birth.[248]

Environment
In 2011, Greenpeace released a report rating the top ten big brands in cloud computing on their sources of
electricity for their data centers. At the time, data centers consumed up to 2% of all global electricity, and
this amount was projected to increase. Phil Radford of Greenpeace said, "We are concerned that this new
explosion in electricity use could lock us into old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy
available today,"[249] and called on "Amazon, Microsoft and other leaders of the information-technology
industry must embrace clean energy to power their cloud-based data centers."[250] In 2013, Microsoft
agreed to buy power generated by a Texas wind project to power one of its data centers.[251]

Microsoft is ranked on the 17th place in Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics (16th Edition) that
ranks 18 electronics manufacturers according to their policies on toxic chemicals, recycling, and climate
change.[252] Microsoft's timeline for phasing out brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and phthalates in all
products was 2012 but its commitment to phasing out PVC is not clear. As of January 2011, it has no
products that are completely free from PVC and BFRs.[253]

Microsoft's main U.S. campus received a silver certification from the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) program in 2008, and it installed over 2,000 solar panels on top of its
buildings at its Silicon Valley campus, generating approximately 15 percent of the total energy needed by
the facilities in April 2005.[254] Microsoft makes use of alternative forms of transit. It created one of the
world's largest private bus systems, the "Connector," to transport people from outside the company; for on-
campus transportation, the "Shuttle Connect" uses a large fleet of hybrid cars to save fuel. The "Connector"
does not compete with the public bus system and works with it to provide a cohesive transportation network
not just for its employees but also for the public.[255]

Microsoft also subsidizes regional public transport, provided by Sound Transit and King County Metro, as
an incentive.[254][256] In February 2010, however, Microsoft took a stance against adding additional public
transport and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to the State Route 520 and its floating bridge
connecting Redmond to Seattle; the company did not want to delay the construction any further.[257]
Microsoft was ranked number 1 in the list of the World's Best Multinational Workplaces by the Great Place
to Work Institute in 2011.[258]
In January 2020, the company announced a strategy to take the company carbon negative by 2030 and to
remove all carbon that it has emitted since its foundation in 1975.[259][260][261] On October 9, 2020,
Microsoft permanently allowed remote work.[262] In January 2021, the company announced on Twitter to
join the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, which engages the cloud infrastructure and data centers
industries to reach carbon neutrality in Europe by 2030, and also disclosed an investment in Climeworks, a
direct air capture company partnered with Carbfix for carbon sequestration.[list 1] In the same year, it was
awarded the EPA's Green Power Leadership Award, citing the company's all-renewable energy use since
2014.[268]

In September 2023, Microsoft announced that it purchased $200 million in carbon credits to offset 315,000
metric tons of carbon dioxide over 10 years from Heirloom Carbon, a carbon removal company that mixes
calcium oxide from heated crushed limestone with water to form carbon hydroxide to absorb carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere to mineralize back into limestone while the released carbon dioxide is stored
underground or injected into concrete.[269][270] Despite spending spent more than $760 million through its
Climate Innovation Fund by June 2024 on sustainability projects—including purchases of more than 5
million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide removal with carbon offsets and more than 34 megawatts of
renewable energy—Microsoft's Scope 3 emissions had increased by 31% from the company's 2020
baseline, which caused the company's total emissions to rise by 29% in 2023.[271]

Headquarters
The corporate headquarters, informally known as the Microsoft
Redmond campus, is located at One Microsoft Way in Redmond,
Washington. Microsoft initially moved onto the grounds of the
campus on February 26, 1986, weeks before the company went
public on March 13. The headquarters has since experienced
multiple expansions since its establishment. It is estimated to
encompass over 8 million ft2 (750,000 m2 ) of office space and
30,000–40,000 employees.[272] Additional offices are located in Building 92, home to the Microsoft
Bellevue and Issaquah, Washington (90,000 employees Visitor Center.
worldwide). The company is planning to upgrade its Mountain
View, California, campus on a grand scale. The company has
occupied this campus since 1981. In 2016, the company bought the 32-acre (13 ha) campus, with plans to
renovate and expand it by 25%.[273] Microsoft operates an East Coast headquarters in Charlotte, North
Carolina,[274] where the construction of a data center led to the destruction of a historic black cemetery.[275]

In April 2024, it was announced that Microsoft would be opening a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence
'hub' around Paddington in London, England. It was announced that the division would be led by Jordan
Hoffman, who previously worked for Deepmind and Inflection. [276]

Flagship stores
On October 26, 2015, the company opened its retail location on Fifth Avenue in New York City. The
location features a five-story glass storefront and is 22,270 square feet.[277] As per company executives,
Microsoft had been on the lookout for a flagship location since 2009.[278] The company's retail locations
are part of a greater strategy to help build a connection with its
consumers. The opening of the store coincided with the launch of
the Surface Book and Surface Pro 4.[279] On November 12, 2015,
Microsoft opened a second flagship store, located in Sydney's Pitt
Street Mall.[280]

Logo
Microsoft's Toronto flagship store.
Microsoft adopted the so-called "Pac-Man Logo," designed by
Scott Baker, on February 26, 1987, with the concept being similar
to InFocus Corporation logo that was adapted a year earlier in 1986. Baker stated "The new logo, in
Helvetica italic typeface, has a slash between the o and s to emphasize the "soft" part of the name and
convey motion and speed."[281] Dave Norris ran an internal joke campaign to save the old logo, which was
green, in all uppercase, and featured a fanciful letter O, nicknamed the blibbet, but it was discarded.[282]

Microsoft's logo with the tagline "Your potential. Our passion."—below the main corporate name—is based
on a slogan Microsoft used in 2008. In 2002, the company started using the logo in the United States and
eventually started a television campaign with the slogan, changed from the previous tagline of "Where do
you want to go today?"[283][284][285] During the private MGX (Microsoft Global Exchange) conference in
2010, Microsoft unveiled the company's next tagline, "Be What's Next."[286] They also had a slogan/tagline
"Making it all make sense."[287] The Microsoft Pac-Man logo was used for 25 years, 5 months, and 28
days until August 23, 2012, being the longest logo to be used by the company.

On August 23, 2012, Microsoft unveiled a new corporate logo at the opening of its 23rd Microsoft store in
Boston, indicating the company's shift of focus from the classic style to the tile-centric modern interface,
which it uses/will use on the Windows Phone platform, Xbox 360, Windows 8 and the upcoming Office
Suites.[288] The new logo also includes four squares with the colors of the then-current Windows logo
which have been used to represent Microsoft's four major products: Windows (blue), Office (orange), Xbox
(green) and Bing (yellow).[289] The logo also resembles the opening of one of the commercials for
Windows 95.[290][291]

Microsoft logo history

 April 4, 1975 – 1980: First 1980–June 25, 1982: Second
Microsoft logo. Microsoft logo.

June 25, 1982 – February 26, February 26, 1987 – August 23,
1987: Third Microsoft logo. 2012: Microsoft "Pac-Man" logo,
designed by Scott Baker.[283][284]

August 23, 2012–present: Fifth and

current Microsoft logo.[292]

Sponsorship
The company was the official jersey sponsor of Finland's national
basketball team at EuroBasket 2015.[293]

The company was a major sponsor of the Toyota Gazoo Racing

WRT (2017–2020).

The company was a sponsor of the Renault F1 Team (2016–2020).

Toyota Yaris WRC with sprayed on

Philanthropy Microsoft logos.
In 2015, Microsoft Philanthropies, an internal charitable organization, was established. Its mission is to
bring the benefits of technology to parts of the world and segments of the population that have been denied
the benefits of the digital revolution. Key areas of focus: donating cloud computing resources to university
researchers and nonprofit groups; supporting the expansion of broadband access worldwide; funding
international computer science education through YouthSpark; supporting tech education in the U.S. from
kindergarten to high school; and donating to global child and refugee relief organizations.[294][295]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft's president, Brad Smith, announced that an initial batch of
supplies, including 15,000 protection goggles, infrared thermometers, medical caps, and protective suits,
was donated to Seattle, with further aid to come soon.[296]

During 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Microsoft started monitoring cyberattacks originating from the
Government of Russia and Russia-backed hackers. In June 2022, Microsoft published the report on Russian
cyber attacks and concluded that state-backed Russian hackers "have engaged in "strategic espionage"
against governments, think tanks, businesses and aid groups" in 42 countries supporting Kyiv.[297][298]

Controversies
Criticism of Microsoft has followed various aspects of its products and business practices. Frequently
criticized are the ease of use, robustness, and security of the company's software. They have also been
criticized for the use of permatemp employees (employees employed for years as "temporary," and therefore
without medical benefits), the use of forced retention tactics, which means that employees would be sued if
they tried to leave.[299] Historically, Microsoft has also been accused of overworking employees, in many
cases, leading to burnout within just a few years of joining the company. The company is often referred to
as a "Velvet Sweatshop", a term which originated in a 1989 Seattle Times article,[300] and later became
used to describe the company by some of Microsoft's own employees.[301] This characterization is derived
from the perception that Microsoft provides nearly everything for its employees in a convenient place, but in
turn overworks them to a point where it would be bad for their (possibly long-term) health.

As reported by several news outlets,[302][303] an Irish subsidiary of Microsoft based in the Republic of
Ireland declared £220 bn in profits but paid no corporation tax for the year 2020. This is due to the
company being tax resident in Bermuda as mentioned in the accounts for 'Microsoft Round Island One, a
subsidiary that collects license fees from the use of Microsoft software worldwide. Dame Margaret Hodge,
a Labour MP in the UK said, "It is unsurprising – yet still shocking – that massively wealthy global
corporations openly, unashamedly and blatantly refuse to pay tax on the profits they make in the countries
where they undertake business".[303]

In 2020, ProPublica reported that the company had diverted more than $39 billion in U.S. profits to Puerto
Rico using a mechanism structured to make it seem as if the company was unprofitable on paper. As a
result, the company paid a tax rate on those profits of "nearly 0%." When the Internal Revenue Service
audited these transactions, ProPublica reported that Microsoft aggressively fought back, including
successfully lobbying Congress to change the law to make it harder for the agency to conduct audits of
large corporations.[304][305] In 2023, Microsoft reported in a securities filing that the U.S. Internal Revenue
Service was alleging that the company owed the U.S. $28.9 billion in past taxes, plus penalties related to
mis-allocation of corporate profits over a decade.[306]
"Embrace, extend, and extinguish" (EEE),[307] also known as "embrace, extend, and exterminate,"[308] is a
phrase that the U.S. Department of Justice found[309] that was used internally by Microsoft[310] to describe
its strategy for entering product categories involving widely used standards, extending those standards with
proprietary capabilities, and then using those differences to strongly disadvantage competitors. Microsoft is
frequently accused of using anticompetitive tactics and abusing its monopolistic power. People who use
their products and services often end up becoming dependent on them, a process is known as vendor lock-
in.

Microsoft was the first company to participate in the PRISM surveillance program, according to leaked
NSA documents obtained by The Guardian[311] and The Washington Post[312] in June 2013, and
acknowledged by government officials following the leak.[313] The program authorizes the government to
secretly access data of non-US citizens hosted by American companies without a warrant. Microsoft has
denied participation in such a program.[314]

Jesse Jackson believes Microsoft should hire more minorities and women. In 2015, he praised Microsoft for
appointing two women to its board of directors.[315]

In 2020, Salesforce, the manufacturer of the Slack platform, complained to European regulators about
Microsoft due to the integration of the Teams service into Office 365. Negotiations with the European
Commission continued until the summer of 2023, but, as it became known to the media, they reached an
impasse. Microsoft is now facing an antitrust investigation.[316]

In June 2024, Microsoft Corp. faced a potential EU fine after regulators accused it of abusing market power
by bundling its Teams video-conferencing app with its Office 365 and Microsoft 365 software. The
European Commission issued a statement of objections, alleging Microsoft's practice since 2019 gave
Teams an unfair market advantage and limited interoperability with competing software. Despite Microsoft's
efforts to avoid deeper scrutiny, including unbundling Teams, regulators remained unconvinced. This action
followed a 2019 complaint from Slack, which was later acquired by Salesforce. Microsoft's Teams usage
soared during the pandemic, growing from 2 million daily users in 2017 to 300 million in 2023. The
company has a history of antitrust battles in the US and Europe, with over €2 billion in EU fines previously
imposed for similar abuses.[317]

See also
List of Microsoft software
Microsoft hardware
List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft
Microsoft engineering groups
Microsoft Enterprise Agreement

References
1. "Microsoft Corporation Form 10-K" (https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/78901
9/000095017023035122/msft-20230630.htm). U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
July 27, 2023. pp. 9, 58, 60.
 2. "Microsoft Investor Relations - FAQs" (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/investor/faq.aspx).
Microsoft.
3. "Fortune 500 Companies 2019: Who Made the List" (https://fortune.com/fortune500/2022/sea
rch/). Fortune. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
4. Warren, Tom (October 13, 2023). "Microsoft completes Activision Blizzard acquisition, Call of
Duty now part of Xbox" (https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/13/23791235/microsoft-activision
-blizzard-acquisition-complete-finalized). The Verge. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
5. "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission – Linkedin" (https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edga
r/data/1271024/000110465916161289/a16-22816_18k.htm). US SEC. December 8, 2016.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171018154931/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edga
r/data/1271024/000110465916161289/a16-22816_18k.htm) from the original on October 18,
2017. Retrieved April 29, 2018. "As a result of the Merger, a change in control of [Linkedin]
occurred and [Linkedin] became a wholly-owned subsidiary of [Microsoft]. The transaction
resulted in the payment of approximately $26.4 billion in cash merger consideration."
6. "Microsoft confirms takeover of Skype" (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13343600).
BBC. May 10, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180620073353/https://www.bb
c.com/news/business-13343600) from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved April 29,
2018.
7. Keizer, Gregg (July 14, 2014). "Microsoft gets real, admits its device share is just 14%" (http://
www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-windows/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-
device-share-is-just-14-.html). Computerworld. International Data Group. Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20160821210826/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microso
ft-windows/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html) from the original on
August 21, 2016. "[Microsoft's chief operating officer] Turner's 14% came from a new forecast
released last week by Gartner, which estimated Windows' share of the shipped device
market last year was 14% and would decrease slightly to 13.7% in 2014. [..] Android will
dominate, Gartner said, with a 48% share this year"
8. Blodget, Henry (August 23, 2013). "And Microsoft Is Giving Up On The Software Business!"
(https://www.businessinsider.com.au/microsoft-device-and-services-2013-8). Business
Insider Australia. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170802165822/https://www.busine
ssinsider.com.au/microsoft-device-and-services-2013-8) from the original on August 2, 2017.
Retrieved August 2, 2017.
9. "Notify The Next Of Kin" (http://www.informationweek.com/applications/notify-the-next-of-kin/
d/d-id/1090416). InformationWeek. June 30, 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
40424124515/http://www.informationweek.com/applications/notify-the-next-of-kin/d/d-id/1090
416) from the original on April 24, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
10. "Microsoft sees shares hit record high" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37724557).
BBC. October 21, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171016012110/http://www.
bbc.co.uk/news/business-37724557) from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved
October 7, 2017.
11. "Microsoft's cloud focus could mean yet more layoffs" (https://www.engadget.com/2017/07/0
3/microsofts-cloud-focus-could-mean-yet-more-layoffs/). Engadget. July 3, 2017. Archived (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20170802164433/https://www.engadget.com/2017/07/03/microsoft
s-cloud-focus-could-mean-yet-more-layoffs/) from the original on August 2, 2017. Retrieved
October 7, 2017.
12. "Microsoft to begin "doubling down" on games following acquisition of Activision, CEO says"
(https://www.techradar.com/gaming/microsoft-to-begin-doubling-down-on-games-following-a
cquisition-of-activision-ceo-says). Catherine Lewis. TechRadar. October 24, 2023. Retrieved
November 17, 2022.
13. "How did Microsoft just overtake Apple as the world's most valuable company?" (https://ww
w.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/how-did-microsoft-just-overtake-apple-world-s-mo
st-valuable-n940751). NBC News. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181129112846/
https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/how-did-microsoft-just-overtake-apple-w
orld-s-most-valuable-n940751) from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved
November 28, 2018.
14. Looking to Bet On Perfect AAA Credit Ratings? Play These ETFs (https://finance.yahoo.com/
news/looking-bet-perfect-aaa-credit-171500242.html)
15. Allan, Roy A. (2001). A History of the Personal Computer (https://archive.org/details/A_Histor
y_of_the_Personal_Computer). Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9689108-0-1. Retrieved
July 17, 2010.
16. "Bill Gates" (http://www.biography.com/people/bill-gates-9307520#early-life).
Biography.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161106203412/http://www.biograph
y.com/people/bill-gates-9307520#early-life) from the original on November 6, 2016.
Retrieved November 8, 2016.
17. "Microsoft Company History" (http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/microsoft-c
orporation-history/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130806021000/http://www.fundi
nguniverse.com/company-histories/microsoft-corporation-history/) from the original on
August 6, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
18. Finucane, Martin (December 30, 2008). "Harvard Square newsstand sold the magazine that
started a revolution" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090101055041/http://www.boston.com/n
ews/local/breaking_news/2008/12/by_martin_finuc_2.html). Boston.com. The New York
Times Company. Archived from the original (https://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_ne
ws/2008/12/by_martin_finuc_2.html) on January 1, 2009.
19. "Bill Gates: A Timeline" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5085630.stm). BBC News
Online. BBC. July 15, 2006. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20060622201711/http://n
ews.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5085630.stm) from the original on June 22, 2006. Retrieved
July 17, 2010.
20. Schlender, Brent (October 2, 1995). "Bill Gates & Paul Allen Talk Check Out The Ultimate
Buddy Act in Business History" (https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1
995/10/02/206528/index.htm). Fortune. Time Inc. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2011
0503155554/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/10/02/206528/in
dex.htm) from the original on May 3, 2011. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
21. Allen, Paul (2011). Paul Allen: Idea Man (https://books.google.com/books?isbn=014196938
5). Penguin Group. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-14-196938-1.
22. Staples, Betsy (August 1984). "Kay Nishi bridges the cultural gap" (http://www.atarimagazine
s.com/creative/v10n8/192_Kay_Nishi_bridges_the_cul.php). Creative Computing. 10 (8):
192. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110511110050/http://www.atarimagazines.co
m/creative/v10n8/192_Kay_Nishi_bridges_the_cul.php) from the original on May 11, 2011.
Retrieved July 15, 2010.
23. Dyar, Dafydd Neal (November 4, 2002). "Under The Hood: Part 8" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20060901182630/http://www.computersourcemag.com/articles/viewer.asp?a=695).
Computer Source. Archived from the original (http://www.computersourcemag.com/articles/vi
ewer.asp?a=695) on September 1, 2006. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
24. Engines That Move Markets: Technology Investing from Railroads to the Internet and
Beyond (https://books.google.com/books?id=k9xS6t4ibxoC). John Wiley & Sons. 2002.
ISBN 978-0-471-20595-1. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190323120013/https://bo
oks.google.com/books?id=k9xS6t4ibxoC) from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved
February 8, 2018.
25. "Microsoft to Microsoft disk operating system (MS-DOS)" (https://web.archive.org/web/20040
405051349/http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles%2Farchiv
e%2Fr0603%2F09r03%2F09r03.asp&guid=). Smart Computing. Vol. 6, no. 3. March 2002.
Archived from the original (http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articl
es/archive/r0603/09r03/09r03.asp&guid=) on April 5, 2004. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
26. Blaxill, Mark; Eckardt, Ralph (2009). The Invisible Edge: Taking Your Strategy to the Next
Level Using Intellectual Property (https://books.google.com/books?id=JO6kA0hebJIC&pg=P
A210). Portfolio. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-59184-237-8. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
90323120014/https://books.google.com/books?id=JO6kA0hebJIC&pg=PA210) from the
original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
27. "Paul Allen goes public with hard feelings toward Gates" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161
104003653/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2014643290_paulallen31.ht
ml). The Seattle Times. Archived from the original (http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesst
echnology/2014643290_paulallen31.html) on November 4, 2016. Retrieved January 4,
2018.
28. Wingfield, Nick; Guth, Robert A. (March 30, 2011). "Microsoft Co-Founder Hits Out at Gates"
(https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703806304576232051635476200). The
Wall Street Journal.
29. O'Connor, Clare. "10 Things You Didn't Know About Microsoft Billionaire Paul Allen, Seattle
Seahawks Owner" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2014/01/31/10-things-you-did
nt-know-about-microsoft-billionaire-paul-allen-seattle-seahawks-owner/#48d64a5f6db1).
Forbes. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180202013548/https://www.forbes.com/site
s/clareoconnor/2014/01/31/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-microsoft-billionaire-paul-allen-s
eattle-seahawks-owner/#48d64a5f6db1) from the original on February 2, 2018. Retrieved
February 1, 2018.
30. "Microsoft OS/2 Announcement" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100410013835/http://pages.
prodigy.net/michaln/history/pr/87apr_m3592.html). April 10, 2010. Archived from the original
(http://pages.prodigy.net/michaln/history/pr/87apr_m3592.html) on April 10, 2010. Retrieved
August 9, 2017.
31. "Microsoft Chronology" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081105185844/http://www.cbsnews.c
om/elements/2006/06/16/in_depth_business/timeline1720211.shtml). CBS News. CBS
Interactive. Archived from the original (https://www.cbsnews.com/elements/2006/06/16/in_de
pth_business/timeline1720211.shtml) on November 5, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
32. Bick, Julie (May 29, 2005). "The Microsoft Millionaires Come of Age" (https://www.nytimes.co
m/2005/05/29/business/yourmoney/29millionaire.html?ex=1275019200&en=de3d71cbbb7e
06f8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss). The New York Times. Archived (https://web.
archive.org/web/20060412145540/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/business/yourmoney/
29millionaire.html?ex=1275019200&en=de3d71cbbb7e06f8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland
&emc=rss) from the original on April 12, 2006. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
33. "U.S. v. Microsoft: Timeline" (https://www.wired.com/2002/11/u-s-v-microsoft-timeline/).
Wired. November 4, 2002. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100419063415/http://ww
w.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2002/11/35212) from the original on April 19, 2010. Retrieved
July 17, 2010.
34. Thurrott, Paul (January 24, 2003). "Windows Server 2003: The Road To Gold" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20100604082534/http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/winserver2k3_gold1.
asp). winsupersite.com. Penton Media. Archived from the original (http://www.winsupersite.c
om/reviews/winserver2k3_gold1.asp) on June 4, 2010. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
35. Athow, Desire (May 22, 2010). "Microsoft Windows 3.0 Is 20 Years Old Today!!!" (http://www.i
tproportal.com/2010/05/22/microsoft-windows-30-20-years-today/). ITProPortal. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20120325093045/http://www.itproportal.com/2010/05/22/microsoft-
windows-30-20-years-today/) from the original on March 25, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
36. Miller, Michael (August 1, 1998). "OS Market Share 1993–2001 – Windows 98 Put to the
Test" (https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1159610,00.asp). PC Magazine. Ziff Davis.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110511141923/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,28
17,1159610,00.asp) from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
37. McCracken, Harry (September 13, 2000). "A Peek at Office Upgrade" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20090506065942/http://www.pcworld.com/article/18462/a_peek_at_office_upgrade.ht
ml). PC World. IDG. Archived from the original (http://www.pcworld.com/article/18462/a_peek
_at_office_upgrade.html) on May 6, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2006.
38. "Competitive Impact Statement : U.S. v. Microsoft Corporation" (https://www.justice.gov/atr/ca
ses/f0000/0045.htm). Justice.gov. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110510012902/ht
tp://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f0000/0045.htm) from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved
May 11, 2011.
39. Borland, John (April 15, 2003). "Victor: Software empire pays high price" (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20111116150815/http://news.cnet.com/2009-1032-995681.html). CNET. CBS
Interactive. Archived from the original (http://news.cnet.com/2009-1032-995681.html) on
November 16, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
40. Strebe, Matthew (February 20, 2006). Network Security Foundations: Technology
Fundamentals for IT Success (https://books.google.com/books?id=qiDsEgYKXRAC&q=Bill+
Gates+1994+Internet+blow+over+Netscape+Borland+WordPerfect+Novell+IBM+Lotus&pg=
PA11). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780782151367. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
190323120021/https://books.google.no/books?id=qiDsEgYKXRAC&pg=PA11&dq=Bill+Gat
es+1994+Internet+blow+over+Netscape+Borland+WordPerfect+Novell+IBM+Lotus&hl=no&
sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjliaaH-IbhAhVHw4sKHRIlCnkQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=Bill%20Ga
tes%201994%20Internet%20blow%20over%20Netscape%20Borland%20WordPerfect%20
Novell%20IBM%20Lotus&f=false) from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 16,
2019.
41. Cope, Jim (March 1996). "New And Improved" (https://web.archive.org/web/2004070623354
7/http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles%2Farchive%2F95wi
n%2F95win02%2F95win02.asp&guid=). Smart Computing. 4 (3). Sandhills Publishing
Company. Archived from the original (http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?ar
ticle=articles/archive/95win/95win02/95win02.asp&guid=) on July 6, 2004. Retrieved
July 16, 2010.
42. Pietrek, Matt (March 1996). Windows 95 Programming Secrets (https://archive.org/details/wi
ndows95systemp00matt). IDG. ISBN 978-1-56884-318-6. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
43. Thurrott, Paul (May 19, 2005). "MSN: The Inside Story" (https://web.archive.org/web/201005
23202530/http://www.winsupersite.com/showcase/msn_inside_01.asp). Supersite for
Windows. Penton Media. Archived from the original (http://winsupersite.com/windows-live/m
sn-inside-story) on May 23, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
44. Edwards, Benj (August 24, 2020)."Windows 95 Turns 25: When Windows Went
Mainstream." (https://www.howtogeek.com/685668/windows-95-turns-25-heres-how-it-transf
ormed-pcs/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210105020917/https://www.howtogeek.
com/685668/windows-95-turns-25-heres-how-it-transformed-pcs/) January 5, 2021, at the
Wayback Machine How To Geek. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
45. Chew, Jonathan (August 24, 2015). "Microsoft Launched This Product 20 Years Ago and
Changed the World" (https://fortune.com/2015/08/24/20-years-microsoft-windows-95/).
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20201021131927/https://fortune.com/2015/08/24/20-y
ears-microsoft-windows-95/) October 21, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Fortune. Retrieved
November 29, 2020.
46. Wild, Chris (August 24, 2015)."Aug. 24, 1995: Launching Windows 95." (https://mashable.co
m/2015/08/24/windows-95-launch/?europe=true) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2020
1127173449/https://mashable.com/2015/08/24/windows-95-launch/?europe=true) November
27, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Mashable. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
47. "Marketplace: News Archives" (https://web.archive.org/web/20040823174040/http://marketpl
ace.publicradio.org/shows/1996/07/15_mpp.html). Marketplace. American Public Media. July
15, 1996. Archived from the original (http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/1996/07/15_m
pp.html) on August 23, 2004.
48. Tilly, Chris. "The History of Microsoft Windows CE" (http://www.hpcfactor.com/support/windo
wsce/). HPC:Factor. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080921144050/http://www.hpcf
actor.com/support/windowsce/) from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved
August 18, 2008.
49. Markoff, John (June 20, 2002). "Fears of Misuse of Encryption System Are Voiced" (https://w
ww.nytimes.com/2002/06/20/technology/20CODE.html?pagewanted=1). The New York
Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110511201709/http://www.nytimes.com/200
2/06/20/technology/20CODE.html?pagewanted=1) from the original on May 11, 2011.
Retrieved July 7, 2010.
50. Stajano, Frank (2003). "Security for Whom? The Shifting Security Assumptions of Pervasive
Computing". Software Security — Theories and Systems (http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/pa
pers/2003-stajano-shifting.pdf) (PDF). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2609.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 16–27. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.127.7219 (https://citeseerx.i
st.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.127.7219). doi:10.1007/3-540-36532-X_2 (https://d
oi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-36532-X_2). ISBN 978-3-540-00708-1. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20110128164236/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/papers/2003-stajano-shifting.p
df) (PDF) from the original on January 28, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
51. "United States v. Microsoft" (https://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/ms_index.htm). U.S.
Department of Justice. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20050804043753/http://www.ju
stice.gov/atr/cases/ms_index.htm) from the original on August 4, 2005. Retrieved August 5,
2005.
52. Jackson, Thomas Penfield (November 5, 1999). "U.S. vs. Microsoft findings of fact" (https://w
ww.justice.gov/atr/cases/f3800/msjudgex.htm). U.S. Department of Justice. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20100815034900/http://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f3800/msjudgex.ht
m) from the original on August 15, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
53. Thurrott, Paul (October 26, 2001). "WinInfo Short Takes: Windows XP Launch Special
Edition" (https://archive.today/20120526200156/http://www.windowsitpro.com/article/window
s-xp2/wininfo-short-takes-windows-xp-launch-special-edition.aspx). Windows IT Pro. Penton
Media. Archived from the original (http://www.windowsitpro.com/article/windows-xp2/wininfo-
short-takes-windows-xp-launch-special-edition.aspx) on May 26, 2012. Retrieved July 16,
2010.
54. "NPD Reports Annual 2001 U.S. Interactive Entertainment Sales Shatter Industry Record" (h
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20040814133238/http://www.npd.com/dynamic/releases/press_0
20207.htm) (Press release). Port Washington, New York: The NPD Group. February 7, 2002.
Archived from the original (http://www.npd.com/dynamic/releases/press_020207.htm) on
August 14, 2004. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
55. "Microsoft hit by record EU fine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060413082435/http://www.c
nn.com/2004/BUSINESS/03/24/microsoft.eu). CNN. March 25, 2004. Archived from the
original (http://www.cnn.com/2004/BUSINESS/03/24/microsoft.eu) on April 13, 2006.
Retrieved August 14, 2010.
56. "Commission Decision of 24.03.2004 relating to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC
Treaty (Case COMP/C-3/37.792 Microsoft)" (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.
do?uri=CELEX:62004A0201:EN:NOT) (PDF). Commission of the European Communities.
April 21, 2004. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071011131514/http://eur-lex.europa.
eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62004A0201:EN:NOT) from the original on
October 11, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2005.
57. Morris, Game Over is a weekly column by Chris. "Microsoft sets price for Xbox 360—Aug.
17, 2005" (https://money.cnn.com/2005/08/17/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/inde
x.htm). money.cnn.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180425204850/http://mone
y.cnn.com/2005/08/17/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/index.htm) from the original
on April 25, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
58. "A Microsoft Milestone: Hardware Celebrates 25 Years of Proven Success" (https://news.mic
rosoft.com/2007/08/22/a-microsoft-milestone-hardware-celebrates-25-years-of-proven-succe
ss/). Stories. August 22, 2007.
59. Wee, Gerald (November 10, 2005). "Steve Ballmer on management style" (http://www.itworl
d.com/051109ballmerinterview). ITWorld. IDG. CIO Asia. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20110514145636/http://www.itworld.com/051109ballmerinterview) from the original on
May 14, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
60. Vamosi, Robert (January 23, 2007). "Windows Vista Ultimate review" (http://reviews.cnet.co
m/windows/windows-vista-ultimate/4505-3672_7-32013603.html). CNET. CBS Interactive.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120406015257/http://reviews.cnet.com/windows/wi
ndows-vista-ultimate/4505-3672_7-32013603.html) from the original on April 6, 2012.
Retrieved April 4, 2012.
61. Ricadela, Aaron (February 14, 2006). "Gates Says Security Is Job One For Vista" (http://ww
w.informationweek.com/gates-says-security-is-job-one-for-vista-/d/d-id/1040561).
InformationWeek. UBM TechWeb. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120318064254/h
ttp://informationweek.com/news/180201580) from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved
April 4, 2012.
62. "Vista gives Microsoft view of record profit" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200804053508/htt
ps://www.scotsman.com/business/vista-gives-microsoft-view-record-profit-2512476).
Edinburgh Evening News. Johnston Press. April 27, 2007. Archived from the original (http://w
ww.scotsman.com/news/vista-gives-microsoft-view-of-record-profit-1-1316524) on August 4,
2020. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
63. McCormick, John (2011). European Union Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 340.
ISBN 978-0-230-57707-7.
64. "AFP:EU hits Microsoft with record 899 million euro antitrust fine" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20080430164250/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iozBXlp2nzuVxnMx_SwmtKvi7C-
w). Google News. Agence France-Presse. February 27, 2008. Archived from the original (htt
p://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iozBXlp2nzuVxnMx_SwmtKvi7C-w) on April 30, 2008.
Retrieved June 1, 2008.
65. "Microsoft, Multi-core and the Data Center" (http://www.serverwatch.com/trends/article.php/3
657451/Microsoft-Multicore-and-the-Data-Center.htm). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20130406115001/http://www.serverwatch.com/trends/article.php/3657451/Microsoft-Multicor
e-and-the-Data-Center.htm) from the original on April 6, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
66. Conte, Natali Del (June 15, 2006). "Bill Gates Announces Resignation" (https://www.pcmag.
com/article2/0,2817,1977363,00.asp). PC Magazine. Ziff Davis. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20100420070747/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1977363,00.asp) from
the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
67. Beaumont, Claudine (June 27, 2008). "Bill Gates steps down as Microsoft head to
concentrate on philanthropy" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3357698/Bill-Gates-st
eps-down-as-Microsoft-head-to-concentrate-on-philanthropy.html). The Telegraph. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20160313023003/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/33576
98/Bill-Gates-steps-down-as-Microsoft-head-to-concentrate-on-philanthropy.html) from the
original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
68. Fried, Ina (October 27, 2008). "Microsoft launches Windows Azure" (http://news.cnet.com/mic
rosoft-launches-windows-azure/). CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20110510020425/http://news.cnet.com/microsoft-launches-windows-azure/) from the
original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
69. Fried, Ina (February 12, 2009). "Microsoft follows Apple into the retail business" (http://news.
cnet.com/8301-13860_3-10163206-56.html). CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20110510020436/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-10163206-56.html)
from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
70. Gaynor, Tim (October 22, 2009). "Long lines as Microsoft opens retail store" (https://www.reut
ers.com/article/us-microsoft-store-idUSTRE59L5E220091022). Reuters. Thomson Reuters.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110204102408/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/
10/22/us-microsoft-store-idUSTRE59L5E220091022) from the original on February 4, 2011.
Retrieved July 3, 2010.
71. Mintz, Jessica (October 22, 2009). "Windows 7 operating system makes its debut" (https://w
ww.nbcnews.com/id/33429899). NBCNews.com. NBCUniversal. Associated Press.
Retrieved April 4, 2012.
72. "Microsoft unveils Windows Phone 7 partners – Oct. 11, 2010" (https://money.cnn.com/2010/
10/11/technology/windows_phone_7/index.htm). money.cnn.com.
73. Lecrenski, Nick; Watson, Karli; Fonseca-Ensor, Robert (2010). Beginning Windows Phone 7
Application Development: Building Windows Phone Applications Using Silverlight and XNA.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-470-91233-1.
74. Helal, Abdelsalam A.; Helal, Sumi; Bose, Raja; Li, Wendong (2012). Mobile Platforms and
Development Environments. Morgan & Claypool Publishers. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-60845-866-
0.
75. Baker, Rosie (February 11, 2011). "Nokia to partner with Microsoft under new structure" (http
s://www.marketingweek.com/nokia-to-partner-with-microsoft-under-new-structure/).
76. Warren, Tom (September 19, 2012). "HTC rekindles its old Microsoft romance and bets on
Windows Phone 8" (https://www.theverge.com/2012/9/19/3356676/htc-microsoft-windows-ph
one-8-marketing-partnership). The Verge.
77. Erickson, David (March 21, 2011). "Open Networking Foundation News Release" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20110326044008/http://www.openflow.org/wp/2011/03/open-networking-f
oundation-formed-to-speed-network-innovation/). Openflow.org. Archived from the original (ht
tp://www.openflow.org/wp/2011/03/open-networking-foundation-formed-to-speed-network-in
novation/) on March 26, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
78. " "Google and other titans form Open Networking Foundation." Noyes, March 23, 2011" (htt
p://www.computerworld.com.au/article/380663/google_other_titans_form_open_networking_
foundation/?fp=4&fpid=78268965). Computerworld. IDG. March 23, 2011. Archived (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20110406121956/http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/380663/goog
le_other_titans_form_open_networking_foundation/?fp=4&fpid=78268965) from the original
on April 6, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
79. "Windows Phone 7 Series UI Design & Interaction Guide" (http://windowsteamblog.com/win
dows_phone/b/wpdev/archive/2010/03/18/windows-phone-7-series-ui-design-amp-interactio
n-guide.aspx). March 18, 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130527071856/htt
p://blogs.windows.com/windows_phone/b/wpdev/archive/2010/03/18/windows-phone-7-seri
es-ui-design-amp-interaction-guide.aspx) from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved
October 9, 2010.
80. "Microsoft releases final test version of Windows 8" (http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/in
dustry-and-economy/info-tech/article3479381.ece). Business Line. Kasturi & Sons. June 1,
2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120828170727/http://www.thehindubusinessli
ne.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/article3479381.ece) from the original on August 28,
2012. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
81. Rosoff, Matt (January 5, 2011). "OK, So Windows 8 Is Coming To ARM Tablets ... Someday
(MSFT)" (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/01/05/businessinsider-micros
oft-spills-beans-on--at-ces-2011-1.DTL). San Francisco Chronicle. Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20110629064811/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fg%2Fa%2F20
11%2F01%2F05%2Fbusinessinsider-microsoft-spills-beans-on--at-ces-2011-1.DTL) from
the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
82. Sullivan, Mark (June 18, 2012). "Microsoft Announces New 'Surface' Tablet PC" (http://www.
pcworld.com/article/257840/microsoft_announces_new_surface_tablet_pc.html). PCWorld.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130208230356/http://www.pcworld.com/article/2578
40/microsoft_announces_new_surface_tablet_pc.html) from the original on February 8,
2013. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
83. Eichenwald, Kurt, "Microsoft's Lost Decade: How Microsoft Lost Its Mojo" (https://vanityfair.co
m/business/2012/08/microsoft-lost-mojo-steve-ballmer) Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20130816012416/http://www.vanityfair.com/business/2012/08/microsoft-lost-mojo-steve-ba
llmer) August 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Vanity Fair, August 2012
84. Acohido, Byron (June 25, 2012). "Microsoft buys Internet startup Yammer for $1.2 billion" (htt
ps://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/story/2012-06-25/microsoft-yammer-aquisition/55811172/
1). USA Today. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120626105139/http://www.usatoda
y.com/tech/news/story/2012-06-25/microsoft-yammer-aquisition/55811172/1) from the
original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
85. Thurrott, Paul (July 31, 2012). "Outlook.com Mail: Microsoft Reimagines Webmail" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20120803011439/http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-live/outloo
kcom-mail-microsoft-reimagines-webmail-143877). Supersite for Windows. Penton Media.
Archived from the original (http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-live/outlookcom-mai
l-microsoft-reimagines-webmail-143877) on August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
86. "Windows Server 2012 "Save the Date" Announcement" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131
107032736/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/new.aspx). Microsoft. August 8,
2012. Archived from the original (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/new.aspx) on
November 7, 2013.
87. Venkatesan, Adithya; Mukherjee, Supantha; Leske, Nicola (July 16, 2012). "Comcast buys
Microsoft stake in MSNBC.com" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-msnbc-microsoft-idUSB
RE86F04W20120716). Reuters. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150213235010/htt
p://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/16/us-msnbc-microsoft-idUSBRE86F04W20120716)
from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
88. Rigby, Bill (October 1, 2012). "Microsoft launching news operation, new MSN" (https://www.r
euters.com/article/us-microsoft-msn-idUSBRE8900WN20121001). Reuters. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20121002064137/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/01/us-micr
osoft-msn-idUSBRE8900WN20121001) from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved
October 1, 2012.
89. "Windows 8's delivery date: October 26" (https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-8s-delivery-
date-october-26/). ZDNet. July 18, 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2012091918
2044/http://www.zdnet.com/windows-8s-delivery-date-october-26-7000001158/) from the
original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
90. "Mary Jo Foley: Windows Phone 8 launch date revealed" (http://www.liveside.net/2012/08/3
0/mary-jo-foley-windows-phone-8-launch-dates-revealed/). LiveSide.net. August 30, 2012.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121103151119/http://www.liveside.net/2012/08/30/
mary-jo-foley-windows-phone-8-launch-dates-revealed/) from the original on November 3,
2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
91. "Microsoft prepping for complete brand and product line relaunch, New York store coming
the 26th" (http://www.wpcentral.com/microsoft-prepping-everything-complete-brand-and-prod
uct-relaunch). wpcentral.com. October 2, 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121
102010038/http://www.wpcentral.com/microsoft-prepping-everything-complete-brand-and-pr
oduct-relaunch) from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
92. "Microsoft launches 'Patent Tracker' to help you search its library of intellectual property" (htt
ps://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2013/03/28/microsoft-launches-patent-tracker-to-help-you-sea
rch-its-library-of-intellectual-property/). The Next Web. March 28, 2013. Archived (https://web.
archive.org/web/20130331031250/http://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2013/03/28/microsoft-lau
nches-patent-tracker-to-help-you-search-its-library-of-intellectual-property/) from the original
on March 31, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
93. Parascandola, Rocco; Moore, Tina (August 8, 2012). "NYPD unveils new $40 million
supercomputer system that uses data from a network of cameras, license plate readers and
crime reports" (https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nypd-unveils-new-40-million-super-c
omputer-system-data-network-cameras-license-plate-readers-crime-reports-article-1.113213
5). New York Daily News. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
94. Pierce, David (May 21, 2013). "The all-seeing Kinect: tracking my face, arms, body, and
heart on the Xbox One" (https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/21/4353232/kinect-xbox-one-han
ds-on/in/4116279). The Verge. Vox Media. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201306070
54123/http://www.theverge.com/2013/5/21/4353232/kinect-xbox-one-hands-on/in/4116279)
from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
95. Yirka, Bob; Phys.org. "Microsoft applies for patent on technology to count users watching
streamed content" (https://phys.org/news/2012-11-microsoft-patent-technology-users-stream
ed.html). phys.org. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
96. "Funky Friday: More than $32 billion in Microsoft stock value wiped out | Microsoft—CNET
News" (http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57594612-75/funky-friday-more-than-$32-billion
-in-microsoft-stock-value-wiped-out/). News.cnet.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20130822073858/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57594612-75/funky-friday-more-than
-$32-billion-in-microsoft-stock-value-wiped-out/) from the original on August 22, 2013.
Retrieved July 21, 2013.
97. "Microsoft's sweeping reorganization shifts focus to services, devices" (http://www.fiercemobi
leit.com/story/microsofts-sweeping-reorganization-shifts-focus-services-devices/2013-07-1
1). July 11, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131026191536/http://www.fiercem
obileit.com/story/microsofts-sweeping-reorganization-shifts-focus-services-devices/2013-07-
11) from the original on October 26, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
98. "Microsoft buying Nokia's phone business in a $7.2 billion bid for its mobile future" (https://w
ww.theverge.com/2013/9/2/4688530/microsoft-buys-nokias-devices-and-services-unit-unites
-windows-phone/in/4453001). September 3, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
70929192139/https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/2/4688530/microsoft-buys-nokias-devices-a
nd-services-unit-unites-windows-phone/in/4453001) from the original on September 29,
2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
 99. "Microsoft names insider Amy Hood as CFO" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-cf
o-idUSBRE94711Q20130508). Reuters. Reuters.com. May 8, 2013. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20140409123351/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/08/us-microsoft-cfo-i
dUSBRE94711Q20130508) from the original on April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
100. "Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer to retire within 12 months" (https://news.microsoft.com/2013/0
8/23/microsoft-ceo-steve-ballmer-to-retire-within-12-months/). August 23, 2013. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20130823130816/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/201
3/aug13/08-23AnnouncementPR.aspx) from the original on August 23, 2013.
101. David, Javier E (February 5, 2014). "Nadella named new Microsoft CEO as Gates era ends"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20140205010025/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/microsoft
-names-satya-nadella-ceo-2D12054182). NBCNews.com. NBCUniversal. Archived from the
original (https://www.nbcnews.com/business/microsoft-names-satya-nadella-ceo-2D120541
82) on February 5, 2014.
102. Edwards, Breanna. "John W. Thompson to Become 1st Black Chairman of Microsoft" (https://
www.theroot.com/john-w-thompson-to-become-1st-black-chairman-of-micros-1790874479).
The Root. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012807/https://www.theroot.com/j
ohn-w-thompson-to-become-1st-black-chairman-of-micros-1790874479) from the original on
February 2, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
103. "Microsoft to close its acquisition of Nokia's devices and services business on April 25" (htt
p://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-22/news/49318731_1_nokia-india-nokia-
corp-microsoft-corp). The Economic Times. April 22, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20160805051448/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-22/news/49318
731_1_nokia-india-nokia-corp-microsoft-corp) from the original on August 5, 2016. Retrieved
May 25, 2016.
104. Borges, Andre (April 21, 2014). "Nokia phone division to be renamed Microsoft Mobile,
reveals leaked letter" (http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-nokia-phone-division-to-be-ren
amed-microsoft-mobile-reveals-leaked-letter-1980628). dna. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20161015073328/http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-nokia-phone-division-to-be-
renamed-microsoft-mobile-reveals-leaked-letter-1980628) from the original on October 15,
2016. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
105. Hutchinson, Lee (September 15, 2014). "It's official: Microsoft acquires Mojang and Minecraft
for $2.5 billion" (https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2014/09/its-official-microsoft-acquires-mojan
g-and-minecraft-for-2-5-billion/). Ars Technica. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201409
19004256/http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2014/09/its-official-microsoft-acquires-mojang-and-
minecraft-for-2-5-billion/) from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved September 19,
2014.
106. Dellinger, AJ (June 8, 2017). "Microsoft Buys Cybersecurity Company Hexadite To Respond
To Cyberattacks" (http://www.ibtimes.com/microsoft-buys-cybersecurity-company-hexadite-re
spond-cyberattacks-2549768). International Business Times. Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20170608231948/http://www.ibtimes.com/microsoft-buys-cybersecurity-company-hex
adite-respond-cyberattacks-2549768) from the original on June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 9,
2017.
107. "Microsoft agrees to buy U.S.-Israeli cyber firm Hexadite" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-
microsoft-m-a-hexadite-idUSKBN18Z1XP). Reuters. June 8, 2017. Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20170609043207/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-m-a-hexadite-idU
SKBN18Z1XP) from the original on June 9, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
108. Frumusanu, Ian Cutress, Andrei. "Microsoft at MWC 2015: Lumia 640 and 640 XL
Announced, 4K 120Hz Surface Hub Demoed" (http://anandtech.com/show/9030/microsoft-lu
mia-640-640-xl-4k-120hz-surface-hub). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150927230
334/http://anandtech.com/show/9030/microsoft-lumia-640-640-xl-4k-120hz-surface-hub) from
the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
109. Howse, Brett (July 29, 2015). "Windows 10 Launches Worldwide" (http://www.anandtech.co
m/show/9471/windows-10-launches-worldwide). AnandTech. Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20160624141118/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9471/windows-10-launches-worl
dwide) from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
110. "Gartner Says Emerging Markets Drove Worldwide Smartphone Sales to 19 Percent Growth
in First Quarter of 2015" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150614044340/http://www.gartner.co
m/newsroom/id/3061917) (Press release). Gartner. May 27, 2015. Archived from the original
(http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3061917) on June 14, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
111. Howley, Daniel (May 25, 2016). "Microsoft needs to change its mobile strategy or get out" (htt
ps://www.yahoo.com/tech/microsoft-windows-mobile-strategy-change-173738169.html).
Yahoo! Tech. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160527025910/https://www.yahoo.co
m/tech/microsoft-windows-mobile-strategy-change-173738169.html) from the original on
May 27, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
112. Greene, Jay (May 25, 2016). "Microsoft to Streamline Smartphone Hardware Business" (http
s://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-to-streamline-smartphone-hardware-business-146416680
3). The Wall Street Journal. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160525095132/http://w
ww.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-to-streamline-smartphone-hardware-business-1464166803)
from the original on May 25, 2016. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
113. Stuart, Keith (March 2016). "Microsoft to unify PC and Xbox One platforms, ending fixed
console hardware" (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/01/microsoft-to-unify-
pc-and-xbox-one-platforms-ending-fixed-console-hardware). The Guardian. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20161217085439/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/0
1/microsoft-to-unify-pc-and-xbox-one-platforms-ending-fixed-console-hardware) from the
original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
114. Mehdi, Yusuf (January 24, 2017). "Announcing Intune for Education & new Windows 10 PCs
for school starting at $189" (https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2017/01/24/anno
uncing-intune-education-new-windows-10-pcs-school-starting-189/#bdsoyDTQ4EQqK1Lg.9
7). The Official Microsoft Blog. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170125192422/http
s://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2017/01/24/announcing-intune-education-new-
windows-10-pcs-school-starting-189/#bdsoyDTQ4EQqK1Lg.97) from the original on
January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
115. Frederic Lardinois (January 24, 2017). "Microsoft launches Intune for Education to counter
Google's Chromebooks in schools" (https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/24/microsoft-launches-i
ntune-for-education-to-counter-googles-chromebooks-in-schools/). TechCrunch. Archived (ht
tps://web.archive.org/web/20170125065925/https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/24/microsoft-lau
nches-intune-for-education-to-counter-googles-chromebooks-in-schools/) from the original
on January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
116. "Microsoft announces new data protection tool to help enterprises secure their data" (https://t
echcrunch.com/2016/06/22/microsoft-announces-new-data-protection-tool-to-help-enterprise
s-secure-their-data/). Tech Crunch. June 22, 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
60622190324/https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/22/microsoft-announces-new-data-protection-t
ool-to-help-enterprises-secure-their-data/) from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved
June 23, 2016.
117. "Microsoft has joined the Linux Foundation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161125174704/h
ttps://www.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/microsoft-fortifies-commitment-to-open-sourc
e-becomes-linux-foundation-platinum). Archived from the original (https://www.linuxfoundatio
n.org/announcements/microsoft-fortifies-commitment-to-open-source-becomes-linux-foundati
on-platinum) on November 25, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
118. "Microsoft joined linux foundation with yearly platinum membership" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20170202005415/https://www.lockssl.com/microsoft-joins-linux-foundation/). Lock SSL.
Archived from the original (https://www.lockssl.com/microsoft-joins-linux-foundation/) on
February 2, 2017. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
119. Warren, Tom (November 11, 2016). "Microsoft joins the Linux Foundation, 15 years after
Ballmer called it 'cancer' " (https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/16/13651940/microsoft-linux-f
oundation-membership). The Verge. Vox Media. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017
0816110931/https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/16/13651940/microsoft-linux-foundation-me
mbership) from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
120. Andy Weir (January 24, 2017). "Microsoft introduces Intune for Education, promising simple
setup and management of devices" (https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-introduces-intun
e-for-education-promising-simple-setup-and-management-of-devices). Neowin. Archived (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20170127080810/https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-introduc
es-intune-for-education-promising-simple-setup-and-management-of-devices) from the
original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
121. "Microsoft's 2018, part 1: Open source, wobbly Windows and everyone's going to the cloud"
(https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/25/microsoft_year_in_review_2018/). The Register.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190103060059/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/1
2/25/microsoft_year_in_review_2018/) from the original on January 3, 2019. Retrieved
January 3, 2019.
122. "Microsoft to acquire GitHub for $7.5 billion" (https://news.microsoft.com/2018/06/04/microsof
t-to-acquire-github-for-7-5-billion/). Microsoft. June 4, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20180604142244/https://news.microsoft.com/2018/06/04/microsoft-to-acquire-github-for
-7-5-billion/) from the original on June 4, 2018.
123. "Microsoft completes GitHub acquisition" (https://web.archive.org/web/20190112212059/http
s://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/microsoft-completes-github-acquisition/ar-BBOVV
OT). www.msn.com. Archived from the original (https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technolog
y/microsoft-completes-github-acquisition/ar-BBOVVOT) on January 12, 2019. Retrieved
April 10, 2019.
124. Hackett, Robert (August 21, 2018). "Microsoft Offers Free Cybersecurity Tools to Political
Candidates—But You've Got to Be a Microsoft Customer" (http://fortune.com/2018/08/21/micr
osoft-free-cybersecurity-tools-midterm-election-facebook-google/). Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20180822112819/http://fortune.com/2018/08/21/microsoft-free-cybersecurity-tool
s-midterm-election-facebook-google/) from the original on August 22, 2018. Retrieved
August 24, 2018.
125. Lerman, Rachel (August 20, 2018). "Microsoft releases new security tools for political
campaigns to combat hacking attempts" (https://www.seattletimes.com/business/microsoft/mi
crosoft-releases-new-security-tools-for-political-campaigns-to-combat-hacking-attempts/).
The Seattle Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180824102040/https://www.seat
tletimes.com/business/microsoft/microsoft-releases-new-security-tools-for-political-campaign
s-to-combat-hacking-attempts/) from the original on August 24, 2018. Retrieved August 24,
2018.
126. "Google goes bilingual, Facebook fleshes out translation and TensorFlow is dope—And,
Microsoft is assisting fish farmers in Japan" (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/09/01/ai_rou
ndup_310818/). The Register. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180902114415/http
s://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/09/01/ai_roundup_310818/) from the original on September
2, 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
127. "Microsoft has signed up to the Open Invention Network. We repeat. Microsoft has signed up
to the OIN" (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/10/10/microsoft_open_invention_network/).
The Register. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181011123124/https://www.theregiste
r.co.uk/2018/10/10/microsoft_open_invention_network/) from the original on October 11,
2018. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
128. "See this, Google? Microsoft happy to take a half-billion in sweet, sweet US military money
to 'increase lethality' " (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/11/29/microsoft_military_money/).
The Register. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181130140427/https://www.theregiste
r.co.uk/2018/11/29/microsoft_military_money/) from the original on November 30, 2018.
Retrieved November 30, 2018.
129. "Microsoft's 2018, part 2: Azure data centers heat up and Windows 10? It burns! It burns!" (htt
ps://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/28/microsoft_2018_in_review_part_2/). The Register.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190104072728/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/1
2/28/microsoft_2018_in_review_part_2/) from the original on January 4, 2019. Retrieved
January 3, 2019.
130. "Microsoft announces Project Mu, an open-source release of the UEFI core" (https://betanew
s.com/2018/12/20/microsoft-project-mu/). December 20, 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.
org/web/20181221230714/https://betanews.com/2018/12/20/microsoft-project-mu/) from the
original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
131. Microsoft expands political security service to 12 European countries (https://www.reuters.co
m/article/us-microsoft-cyber-europe/microsoft-expands-political-security-service-to-12-europ
ean-countries-idUSKCN1Q90GF) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190220093504/h
ttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-cyber-europe/microsoft-expands-political-security
-service-to-12-european-countries-idUSKCN1Q90GF) February 20, 2019, at the Wayback
Machine, Reuters (February 20, 2019)
132. Wong, Julia Carrie (February 22, 2019). " 'We won't be war profiteers': Microsoft workers
protest $480m army contract" (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/22/microsof
t-protest-us-army-augmented-reality-headsets). The Guardian. Archived (https://web.archive.
org/web/20190223133132/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/22/microsoft-pr
otest-us-army-augmented-reality-headsets) from the original on February 23, 2019.
Retrieved February 23, 2019.
133. "Microsoft Stock Reacts To 'Head-Scratcher' Acquisition" (https://www.investors.com/news/te
chnology/microsoft-stock-reacts-head-scratcher-acquisition/). Investor's Business Daily.
March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
134. "Microsoft announces agreement to acquire Affirmed Networks to deliver new opportunities
for a global 5G ecosystem" (https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/03/26/microsoft-announce
s-agreement-to-acquire-affirmed-networks-to-deliver-new-opportunities-for-a-global-5g-ecos
ystem/). The Official Microsoft Blog. March 26, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
135. "Microsoft is closing its retail stores around the world indefinitely because of the coronavirus
crisis" (https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-closing-retail-locations-novel-coronavirus-
covid-2020-3). Business Insider. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
136. "Bringing More Players Into Our Gaming Vision" (https://news.xbox.com/en-us/2020/06/22/br
inging-more-players-into-our-gaming-vision). Microsoft. June 22, 2020. Retrieved August 17,
2020.
137. Jacobs, Jennifer; Mohsin, Saleha; Leonard, Jenny (July 31, 2020). "Trump to Order China's
ByteDance to Sell TikTok in U.S." (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-31/tru
mp-to-order-china-s-bytedance-to-sell-tiktok-u-s-operations) Bloomberg.com. Retrieved
August 3, 2020.
138. Davidson, Helen (August 3, 2020). "TikTok sale: Trump approves Microsoft's plan but says
US should get a cut of any deal" (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/aug/03/tikto
k-row-trump-to-take-action-soon-says-pompeo-as-microsoft-pursues-deal). The Guardian.
Retrieved August 3, 2020.
139. "Microsoft cuts xCloud iOS testing early as its future on Apple devices remains unclear" (http
s://www.theverge.com/2020/8/5/21356274/microsoft-xcloud-ios-apple-iphone-ipad-testing-en
ds-apple-app-store-policies). The Verge. August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
140. Ruppert, Liana (September 21, 2020). "Microsoft Acquires Bethesda, The Studio Behind
Fallout, The Elder Scrolls, Doom, And More" (https://www.gameinformer.com/2020/09/21/mic
rosoft-acquires-bethesda-the-studio-behind-fallout-the-elder-scrolls-doom-and-more). Game
Informer. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
141. Kim, Matt T.M. (March 10, 2021). "Microsoft's ZeniMax Acquisition Officially Complete,
Bethesda Now a Part of Xbox" (https://www.ign.com/articles/microsofts-zenimax-acquisition-
officially-complete-bethesda-now-a-part-of-xbox). IGN. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
142. "Form 10-K" (https://microsoft.gcs-web.com/static-files/0a2b8528-fb8b-4d11-8da2-fd9fa988a
155). SEC. June 30, 2021. p. 39. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
143. Hao, Karen (September 23, 2020). "OpenAI is giving Microsoft exclusive access to its GPT-3
language model" (https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/09/23/1008729/openai-is-giving-
microsoft-exclusive-access-to-its-gpt-3-language-model/). MIT Technology Review.
Retrieved September 26, 2020. "On September 22, Microsoft announced that it would begin
exclusively licensing GPT-3, the world's largest language model, built by San Francisco–
based OpenAI."
144. "Microsoft gets exclusive access to AI deemed 'too dangerous to release' " (http://www.indep
endent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/microsoft-openai-gpt-3-exclusive-b550673.html).
Independent. September 23, 2020. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220514/htt
p://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/microsoft-openai-gpt-3-exclusive-b55
0673.html) from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
145. "The all-new Xbox Series X | Xbox" (https://www.xbox.com/en-US/consoles/xbox-series-x).
Xbox.com. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
146. "Microsoft to buy AI firm Nuance Communications for about $16 billion in healthcare push" (h
ttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-nuance-commns-m-a-microsoft-idUSKBN2BZ1FS).
Reuters. April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
147. "Microsoft Completes Acquisition of Nuance" (https://www.finsmes.com/2022/03/microsoft-co
mpletes-acquisition-of-nuance.html). FinSMEs. March 5, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
148. Tilley, Aaron (April 27, 2021). "Microsoft Sales Show Strong Growth in Gaming, Cloud" (http
s://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-msft-3q-earnings-report-2021-11619475788). The Wall
Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). Retrieved
April 29, 2021.
149. Tilley, Aaron (March 27, 2020). "One Business Winner Amid Coronavirus Lockdowns: the
Cloud" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/one-business-winner-amid-coronavirus-lockdowns-the-
cloud-11585327905). The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/is
sn/0099-9660). Retrieved April 29, 2021.
150. "FY21 Q2 – Press Releases – Investor Relations – Microsoft" (https://www.microsoft.com/en-
us/Investor/earnings/FY-2021-Q2/press-release-webcast). www.microsoft.com. Retrieved
April 29, 2021.
151. "Microsoft has officially announced Windows 11!" (https://www.windowscentral.com/window
s-11-announcement). Windows Central. June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
152. Blog, Windows Experience (August 31, 2021). "Windows 11 available on October 5" (https://
blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2021/08/31/windows-11-available-on-october-5/).
Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
153. Lundun, Ingrid (September 10, 2021). "Microsoft acquires TakeLessons, an online and in-
person tutoring platform, to ramp up its edtech play" (https://www.techcrunch.com/2021/09/1
0/microsoft-acquires-takelessons-an-online-and-in-person-tutoring-platform-to-ramp-up-its-e
dtech-play). TechCrunch. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
154. Perez, Sarah (September 8, 2021). "Microsoft acquires video creation and editing software
maker Clipchamp" (https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/08/microsoft-acquires-video-creation-an
d-editing-software-maker-clipchamp/). TechCrunch. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
155. Anthony Spadafora (October 22, 2021). "Microsoft Teams calls are getting a major security
upgrade" (https://www.techradar.com/news/microsoft-teams-calls-are-getting-a-major-securit
y-upgrade). Tech Radar. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
156. Ron Miller; Alex Wilhelm (October 7, 2021). "Microsoft acquires Ally.io, OKR startup that
raised $76 million" (https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/07/microsoft-acquires-ally-io-okr-startup-
that-raised-76-million/). Tech Crunch. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
157. Warren, Tom (January 18, 2022). "Microsoft to acquire Activision Blizzard for $68.7 billion" (ht
tps://www.theverge.com/2022/1/18/22889258/microsoft-activision-blizzard-xbox-acquisition-
call-of-duty-overwatch). The Verge. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
158. Anne, Melissa (January 19, 2022). "Microsoft just bought Warcraft creator Activision-Blizzard
for $69 billion – MEGPlay" (https://megplay.com/microsoft-bought-activision-blizzard/).
Retrieved January 19, 2022.
159. Patnaik, Subrat; Mukherjee, Supantha (January 19, 2022). "Microsoft to gobble up Activision
in $69 billion metaverse bet" (https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-buy-activision-bli
zzard-deal-687-billion-2022-01-18/). Reuters. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
160. Tedder, Michael (January 18, 2022). "Microsoft Purchases Activision Blizzard; Plans To
Dominates The Metaverse" (https://www.thestreet.com/investing/microsoft-wants-to-be-the-di
sney-of-video-games-metaverse). TheStreet. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
161. Tilley, Aaron; Lombardo, Cara; Grind, Kirsten (January 18, 2022). "WSJ News Exclusive |
Microsoft to Buy Activision Blizzard in All-Cash Deal Valued at $75 Billion" (https://www.wsj.
com/articles/microsoft-to-buy-activision-blizzard-games-11642512435). The Wall Street
Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). Retrieved January 20,
2022.
162. Ivan, Tom (October 13, 2023). "Microsoft has officially completed its acquisition of Activision
Blizzard" (https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/microsoft-has-officially-completed-its-
acquisition-of-activision-blizzard/). Video Games Chronicle. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
163. Clinch, Matt; Kharpal, Arjun (December 12, 2022). "Microsoft buys near 4% stake in London
Stock Exchange Group as part of 10-year cloud deal" (https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/12/mic
rosoft-buys-near-4percent-stake-in-london-stock-exchange-and-launches-10-year-partnershi
p.html). CNBC.
164. Weise, Karen (January 18, 2023). "Microsoft to Lay Off 10,000 Workers as It Looks to Trim
Costs" (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/18/business/microsoft-layoffs.html). The New York
Times. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
165. Taylor, Chloe (January 20, 2023). "Microsoft under fire for hosting private Sting concert for its
execs in Davos the night before announcing mass layoffs" (https://fortune.com/2023/01/20/mi
crosoft-under-fire-hosting-private-sting-concert-execs-davos-night-before-announcing-mass-l
ayoffs/). Fortune. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
166. Capoot, Ashley (January 23, 2023). "Microsoft announces multibillion-dollar investment in
ChatGPT-maker OpenAI" (https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/23/microsoft-announces-multibillio
n-dollar-investment-in-chatgpt-maker-openai.html). CNBC. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
167. "Microsoft introduces its own chips for AI, with eye on cost" (https://www.reuters.com/technol
ogy/microsoft-introduces-its-own-chips-ai-with-eye-cost-2023-11-15/). Reuters. Retrieved
December 14, 2023.
168. "Microsoft is finally making custom chips — and they're all about AI" (https://www.theverge.co
m/2023/11/15/23960345/microsoft-cpu-gpu-ai-chips-azure-maia-cobalt-specifications-cloud-i
nfrastructure). The Verge. November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
169. "Satyan Adella on X" (https://web.archive.org/web/20231120082141/https://twitter.com/satya
nadella/status/1726509045803336122). X. Archived from the original (https://twitter.com/saty
anadella/status/1726509045803336122) on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 20,
2023.
170. "Ousted OpenAI head Sam Altman to lead Microsoft's new AI team" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20231120084752/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/20/ousted-openai-head-sam-altman-t
o-lead-microsofts-new-ai-team-ceo-nadella-says.html). CNBC. November 20, 2023.
Archived from the original (https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/20/ousted-openai-head-sam-altma
n-to-lead-microsofts-new-ai-team-ceo-nadella-says.html) on November 20, 2023. Retrieved
November 20, 2023.
171. Novet, Jordan (January 12, 2024). "Microsoft tops Apple as world's most valuable public
company" (https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/12/microsoft-tops-apple-in-market-cap-at-fridays-c
lose.html). CNBC. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
172. Novet, Jordan (January 15, 2024). "Microsoft brings Copilot AI assistant to small businesses
and launches a premium tier for individuals" (https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/15/microsoft-bri
ngs-copilot-to-small-businesses-launches-copilot-pro.html). CNBC. Retrieved January 15,
2024.
173. "Microsoft to invest $1.5 bln in Emirati AI firm G42, takes minority stake" (https://www.reuters.
com/markets/deals/microsoft-invest-15-bln-emirati-ai-firm-g42-new-york-times-reports-2024-
04-16/). Reuters. April 16, 2024. Retrieved April 16, 2024.
174. "Microsoft To Invest $1.7 Billion To Develop AI, Cloud Infrastructure In Indonesia" (https://ww
w.forbes.com/sites/yessarrosendar/2024/04/30/microsoft-to-invest-17-billion-to-develop-ai-cl
oud-infrastructure-in-indonesia/?sh=6ceee60a7e5c). forbes. April 30, 2024. Retrieved
April 30, 2024.
175. Schmidt, Mitchell (May 9, 2024). "What to know about Microsoft's $3.3 billion data center in
southeast Wisconsin" (https://madison.com/news/state-regional/business/wisconsin-microso
ft-artificial-intelligence-racine-biden-evers-trump-foxconn-manufacturing-data-center/article_
3b0f4012-0d42-11ef-a7db-9325e7c8bc73.html). Wisconsin State Journal. Archived (https://a
rchive.today/20240515115627/https://madison.com/news/state-regional/government-politics/
wisconsin-microsoft-artificial-intelligence-racine-biden-evers-trump-foxconn-manufacturing-d
ata-center/article_3b0f4012-0d42-11ef-a7db-9325e7c8bc73.html#selection-3893.0-4397.14
3) from the original on May 15, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
176. Novet, Jordan (June 3, 2024). "Microsoft confirms layoffs in mixed reality but will keep selling
HoloLens 2 headsets" (https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/03/microsoft-confirms-mixed-reality-la
yoffs-will-keep-selling-hololens-2.html). CNBC. Retrieved June 4, 2024.
177. Stewart, Ashley (June 3, 2024). "Microsoft is laying off hundreds in its Azure cloud business,
sources say" (https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-cuts-azure-jobs-cloud-2024-6).
Business Insider. Retrieved June 4, 2024.
178. "Microsoft to build 'hyperscale data centre' near Leeds" (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c
y79eww4g8go). BBC News. June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
179. Stewart, Ashley. "Microsoft laid off a DEI team, and its lead wrote an internal email blasting
how DEI is 'no longer business critical' " (https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-layoffs-d
ei-leader-email-2024-7). Business Insider. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
180. Valentine, Rebekah (July 16, 2024). "Microsoft DEI Lead Blasts Company in Internal Email
After Team Is Reportedly Laid Off" (https://www.ign.com/articles/microsoft-dei-lead-blasts-co
mpany-in-internal-email-after-team-is-reportedly-laid-off). IGN. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
181. "Microsoft Cloud Technical Outage Updates" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/live-blog/20
24-07-19/microsoft-cloud-technical-outage-updates?sref=JTShqBgB). Bloomberg. July 19,
2024. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
182. "Internet Global Outage: CrowdStrike and Microsoft Downtime" (https://apnews.com/live/inter
net-global-outage-crowdstrike-microsoft-downtime). Associated Press. July 19, 2024.
Retrieved July 19, 2024.
183. "Microsoft Leadership" (https://news.microsoft.com/leadership/?section=board-members).
Microsoft. March 20, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
184. "Microsoft Corporation Corporate Governance" (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/cor
porate-governance/board-of-directors.aspx). Microsoft. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
185. Tilley, Aaron (March 13, 2020). "Bill Gates to Leave Boards of Microsoft and Berkshire
Hathaway" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/bill-gates-to-leave-boards-of-microsoft-and-berkshir
e-hathaway-11584135172). Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.
186. Tilley, Aaron (January 13, 2022). "Microsoft Board to Review Company's Sexual Harassment
and Gender Discrimination Policies" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-board-to-review-
companys-sexual-harassment-and-gender-discrimination-policies-11642107601). The Wall
Street Journal. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
187. "Five year history graph of (NASDAQ:MSFT) stock" (https://web.archive.org/web/200810301
14740/http://zenobank.com/index.php?symbol=MSFT&page=quotesearch). ZenoBank.
AlphaTrade. September 29, 2009. Archived from the original (http://zenobank.com/index.ph
p?symbol=MSFT&page=quotesearch) on October 30, 2008. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
188. Monkman, Carol Smith (March 14, 1986). "Microsoft stock is red hot on first trading day" (htt
p://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/archives/102018.asp). Seattle Post-Intelligencer. p. B9.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20100221224106/http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/ar
chives/102018.asp) from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
189. "MSFT stock performance and split info" (http://performance.morningstar.com/stock/performa
nce-return.action?p=dividend_split_page&t=MSFT&region=USA&culture=en-US&s=SPYZ).
Morningstar, Inc. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110510012046/http://performance.
morningstar.com/stock/performance-return.action?p=dividend_split_page&t=MSFT&region=
USA&culture=en-US&s=SPYZ) from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
190. "Microsoft stock price spreadsheet from Microsoft investor relations" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20091010091835/http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/a/7/da7e8eca-4410-4475-
a211-03327408b655/msftpricehist.xls). Microsoft. Archived from the original (http://download.
microsoft.com/download/d/a/7/da7e8eca-4410-4475-a211-03327408b655/msftpricehist.xls)
(xls) on October 10, 2009. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
191. "Dividend Frequently Asked Questions" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080720122305/htt
p://www.microsoft.com/msft/FAQ/dividend.mspx). Microsoft. Archived from the original (http
s://www.microsoft.com/msft/FAQ/dividend.mspx) on July 20, 2008. Retrieved August 18,
2008.
192. "Yahoo MSFT stock chart" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080123064835/https://finance.yah
oo.com/q/bc?s=MSFT&t=my). Yahoo Finance. Archived from the original (https://finance.yah
oo.com/q/bc?s=MSFT&t=my) on January 23, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
193. "Microsoft sells $2.25 billion of debt at low rates" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsof
t-bonds-idUSTRE7128EZ20110204). Reuters. February 4, 2011. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20151107042216/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/04/us-microsoft-bonds-i
dUSTRE7128EZ20110204) from the original on November 7, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
194. Arthur, Charles (April 28, 2011). "Microsoft falls behind Apple for the first time in 20 years" (htt
ps://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/apr/28/microsoft-falls-behind-apple). The
Guardian. London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131019115501/http://www.thegu
ardian.com/technology/2011/apr/28/microsoft-falls-behind-apple) from the original on
October 19, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
195. "When Will Microsoft's Internet Bloodbath End?" (https://techcrunch.com/2011/04/29/microso
ft-internet-bloodbath). Techcrunch.com. April 29, 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/
20110510073301/http://techcrunch.com/2011/04/29/microsoft-internet-bloodbath/) from the
original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
196. "Microsoft Corporation: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile |
US5949181045 | MarketScreener" (https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/MICROSO
FT-CORPORATION-4835/company/). www.marketscreener.com. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
197. White, Martha. "Microsoft reports first quarterly loss ever" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120
720121702/http://marketday.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/19/12837611-microsoft-reports
-first-quarterly-loss-ever?lite). Archived from the original (https://marketday.msnbc.msn.com/_
news/2012/07/19/12837611-microsoft-reports-first-quarterly-loss-ever?lite) on July 20, 2012.
Retrieved July 20, 2012.
198. "Microsoft Overview" (http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/msft/). Marketwatch.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140202080137/http://www.marketwatch.com/investi
ng/stock/msft) from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
199. "Global Top 100 Companies" (http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/audit-services/capital-market/public
ations/top100-market-capitalisation.jhtml). PWC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2014
0212041605/http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/audit-services/capital-market/publications/top100-m
arket-capitalisation.jhtml) from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved February 2,
2014.
200. "Microsoft Surpasses Exxon as 2nd Most Valuable Co" (https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2
014/11/14/business/ap-us-microsoft-no-2.html). Associated Press. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20150502160225/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/11/14/business/ap-us-
microsoft-no-2.html) from the original on May 2, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
201. "Untaxed U.S. corporate profits held overseas top $2.1 trillion: study" (https://www.reuters.co
m/article/us-usa-tax-offshore-idUSBREA3729V20140409). Reuters. April 9, 2014. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20151114065547/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/09/us-
usa-tax-offshore-idUSBREA3729V20140409) from the original on November 14, 2015.
Retrieved July 1, 2017.
202. "Microsoft Fundamentalanalyse | KGV | Kennzahlen" (https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-a
nalyse/Microsoft-Aktie/US5949181045). boerse.de (in German). Retrieved April 9, 2024.
203. "Microsoft 2008-2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170309232944/https://www.boerse.de/
fundamental-analyse/Microsoft-Aktie/US5949181045). boerse.de (in German). Archived from
the original (https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Microsoft-Aktie/US5949181045) on
March 9, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
204. "FY23 Q4 - Press Releases - Investor Relations - Microsoft" (https://www.microsoft.com/en-u
s/investor/earnings/fy-2023-q4/press-release-webcast). www.microsoft.com. Retrieved
July 25, 2023.
205. "Microsoft Investor Relations—Annual Reports" (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/an
nual-reports.aspx). www.microsoft.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145
159/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/annual-reports.aspx) from the original on
November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
206. "Microsoft wins $480M military contract to outfit soldiers with HoloLens AR tech" (https://tech
crunch.com/2018/11/28/microsoft-wins-480m-military-contract-to-outfit-soldiers-with-hololens
-ar-tech/). TechCrunch. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181129072828/https://techcr
unch.com/2018/11/28/microsoft-wins-480m-military-contract-to-outfit-soldiers-with-hololens-a
r-tech/) from the original on November 29, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
207. "Welcome to Microsoft Canada" (https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/about/). Microsoft.
Retrieved September 9, 2020.
208. https://www.techopedia.com/largest-microsoft-shareholders
209. Bishop, Todd (January 27, 2004). "Studies on Linux help their patron: Microsoft" (http://www.
seattlepi.com/business/158237_msftresearch27.html). Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Archived (h
ttps://web.archive.org/web/20101205010533/http://www.seattlepi.com/business/158237_msft
research27.html) from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
210. Foley, Mary Jo (March 24, 2004). "Yankee Independently Pits Windows TCO vs. Linux TCO"
(https://archive.today/20130104134612/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_s
ystems/yankee_independently_pits_windows_tco_vs_linux_tco.html). eWeek. Archived from
the original (http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_systems/yankee_independe
ntly_pits_windows_tco_vs_linux_tco.html) on January 4, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
211. Jaques, Robert (February 13, 2006). "Linux fans hit back at Microsoft TCO claims" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20080724013740/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2150210/linux-fans
-hit-back-microsoft). vnunet.com. Archived from the original (http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/n
ews/2150210/linux-fans-hit-back-microsoft) on July 24, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
212. Mason, Rowena (September 10, 2008). "Seven-hour LSE blackout caused by double glitch"
(https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-caused-by
-double-glitch.html). The Telegraph. London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017122
5225348/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-ca
used-by-double-glitch.html) from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
213. "London Stock Exchange trading hit by technical glitch" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/
8380607.stm). BBC News Online. BBC. November 26, 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20130726144134/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8380607.stm) from the original
on July 26, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
214. Williams, David M. (October 8, 2009). "London Stock Exchange gets the facts and dumps
Windows for Linux" (http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-distillery/28359-lon
don-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux). ITWire. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20110716005714/http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-
distillery/28359-london-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux) from
the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
215. "London Stock Exchange Rejects .NET For Open Source" (http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/
10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source). Slashdot. October
6, 2009. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20110811012038/http://linux.slashdot.org/stor
y/09/10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source) from the
original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
216. Wingfield, Nick (December 14, 2012). "Microsoft Battles Google by Hiring Political Brawler
Mark Penn" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/15/technology/microsoft-battles-google-by-hir
ing-political-brawler-mark-penn.html?_r=0). The New York Times. Archived (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20170312135416/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/15/technology/microsoft-battl
es-google-by-hiring-political-brawler-mark-penn.html?_r=0) from the original on March 12,
2017. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
217. "Scroogled: Why So Negative, Microsoft?" (https://techcrunch.com/2013/02/10/scroogled-wh
y-so-negative-microsoft/). TechCrunch. February 10, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20140317120624/http://techcrunch.com/2013/02/10/scroogled-why-so-negative-micros
oft/) from the original on March 17, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
218. Hill, Kashmir (November 21, 2013). "Googlers Love Microsoft's 'Scroogled' Gear. Mug and
Shirts Sell Out" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/11/21/googlers-love-microsoft
s-scroogled-gear-mug-and-shirts-sell-out/). Forbes. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
170729205754/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/11/21/googlers-love-microsoft
s-scroogled-gear-mug-and-shirts-sell-out/) from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved
September 5, 2017.
219. "Microsoft to cut up to 18,000 jobs over next year" (http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/201
4/07/17/microsoft-cut-18000-jobs-over-next-year.html). July 17, 2014. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20140727205526/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/07/17/microsoft-c
ut-18000-jobs-over-next-year.html) from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 17,
2014.
220. "Microsoft Layoffs Greater Than Expected: Up to 18,000 Jobs Being Cut" (http://www.games
pot.com/articles/microsoft-layoffs-greater-than-expected-up-to-18-0/1100-6421171/).
Gamespot. July 17, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140722064908/http://ww
w.gamespot.com/articles/microsoft-layoffs-greater-than-expected-up-to-18-0/1100-6421171/)
from the original on July 22, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
221. By Alex Wilhelm, TechCrunch. "Lays Off 2,100 More Employees (https://techcrunch.com/201
4/09/18/microsoft-pulls-the-trigger-on-2100-more-layoffs/Microsoft) Archived (https://web.arch
ive.org/web/20200804234324/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/07/microsoft/) August 4, 2020,
at the Wayback Machine." September 18, 2014. September 18, 2014.
222. Perez, Juan Carlos (October 29, 2014). "Microsoft is 'almost' done with its largest-ever layoff
sweep" (http://www.computerworld.com/article/2840872/microsoft-is-almost-done-with-its-lar
gest-ever-layoff-sweep.html). Computerworld. International Data Group. Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20141104135846/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2840872/microso
ft-is-almost-done-with-its-largest-ever-layoff-sweep.html) from the original on November 4,
2014. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
223. Souppouris, Aaron. "Microsoft plans 7,800 layoffs, $7.8 billion Nokia write-down" (https://ww
w.engadget.com/2015/07/08/microsoft-job-cuts-2015/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20150711025745/http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/08/microsoft-job-cuts-2015/) from the
original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2014.
224. "Microsoft announces streamlining of smartphone hardware business" (http://www.prnewswir
e.com/news-releases/microsoft-announces-streamlining-of-smartphone-hardware-business-
300274560.html) (Press release). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161202052847/ht
tp://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/microsoft-announces-streamlining-of-smartphone-h
ardware-business-300274560.html) from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved
November 8, 2016.
225. "Microsoft lays off 1,900 Activision Blizzard and Xbox employees" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20240125153932/https://www.theverge.com/2024/1/25/24049050/microsoft-activision-bli
zzard-layoffs). The Verge. January 25, 2024. Archived from the original (https://www.theverg
e.com/2024/1/25/24049050/microsoft-activision-blizzard-layoffs) on January 25, 2024.
Retrieved January 29, 2024.
226. "Microsoft to lay off 1,900 employees in its gaming division" (https://web.archive.org/web/202
40126082142/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/video-games/microsoft-lay-1900-employees-g
aming-division-rcna135652). NBC News. January 25, 2024. Archived from the original (http
s://www.nbcnews.com/tech/video-games/microsoft-lay-1900-employees-gaming-division-rcn
a135652) on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
227. "U.S. Agencies Said to Swap Data With Thousands of Firms" (https://www.bloomberg.com/n
ews/2013-06-14/u-s-agencies-said-to-swap-data-with-thousands-of-firms.html). Bloomberg.
June 15, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150112075940/http://www.bloomber
g.com/news/2013-06-14/u-s-agencies-said-to-swap-data-with-thousands-of-firms.html) from
the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
228. Neal, Ryan W. (July 11, 2013). "Snowden Reveals Microsoft PRISM Cooperation: Helped
NSA Decrypt Emails, Chats, Skype Conversations" (http://www.ibtimes.com/snowden-reveal
s-microsoft-prism-cooperation-helped-nsa-decrypt-emails-chats-skype-conversations).
International Business Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131203124001/http://
www.ibtimes.com/snowden-reveals-microsoft-prism-cooperation-helped-nsa-decrypt-emails-
chats-skype-conversations) from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 15,
2013.
229. Greenwald, Glenn; MacAskill, Ewen (June 7, 2013). "NSA Prism program taps into user data
of Apple, Google and others" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants
-nsa-data). The Guardian. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20060818114650/http://ww
w.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data) from the original on August 18,
2006. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
230. Johnson, Kevin; Martin, Scott; O'Donnell, Jayne; Winter, Michael (June 15, 2013). "Reports:
NSA Siphons Data from 9 Major Net Firms" (https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2013/06/0
6/nsa-surveillance-internet-companies/2398345/). USA Today. Archived (https://web.archive.
org/web/20130607113440/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2013/06/06/nsa-surveillance
-internet-companies/2398345/) from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
231. "Microsoft, Facebook, Google and Yahoo release US surveillance requests" (https://www.the
guardian.com/world/2014/feb/03/microsoft-facebook-google-yahoo-fisa-surveillance-request
s). The Guardian. February 3, 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2017010617561
5/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/03/microsoft-facebook-google-yahoo-fisa-sur
veillance-requests) from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
232. Smith, Brad (December 4, 2013). "Protecting customer data from government snooping" (htt
p://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2013/12/04/protecting-customer-data-from-government-snoopin
g/). The Official Microsoft Blog. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20141224072247/htt
p://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2013/12/04/protecting-customer-data-from-government-snoopin
g/) from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
233. Thomlinson, Matt (July 1, 2014). "Advancing our encryption and transparency efforts" (http://b
logs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/01/advancing-our-encryption-and-transparency-eff
orts/). Microsoft on the Issues. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150101183639/http://
blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/01/advancing-our-encryption-and-transparency-e
fforts/) from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
234. Heiner, David. "Request for Comment: Big Data and Consumer Privacy in the Internet
Economy" (http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/microsoft.pdf) (PDF). National
Telecommunications and Information Administration. Microsoft. Archived (https://web.archive.
org/web/20140814113914/http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/microsoft.pdf) (PDF) from the
original on August 14, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
235. "Microsoft says Russian state-sponsored hackers spied on its executives" (https://www.reute
rs.com/technology/cybersecurity/microsoft-says-it-was-hacked-by-russian-state-sponsored-g
roup-2024-01-19/). Reuters.
236. Intelligence, Microsoft Threat (January 26, 2024). "Midnight Blizzard: Guidance for
responders on nation-state attack" (https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/01/2
5/midnight-blizzard-guidance-for-responders-on-nation-state-attack/). Microsoft Security
Blog. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
237. "MSDN Subscription FAQ" (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ms123402.aspx?missingurl=%2
fsubscriptions%2ffaq%2fdefault.aspx). Microsoft. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2009
0112083150/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ms123402.aspx?missingurl=%2Fsubscription
s%2Ffaq%2Fdefault.aspx) from the original on January 12, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
238. "Microsoft Systems Journal Homepage" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080725152056/htt
p://www.microsoft.com/msj/). Microsoft. April 15, 2004. Archived from the original (https://ww
w.microsoft.com/msj/) on July 25, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
239. Hobson, Neville (April 11, 2005). "Microsoft's Channel 9 And Cultural Rules" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20080420185313/http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2005/04/11/microsofts
-channel-and-cultural-rules). WebProNews. iEntry Inc. Archived from the original (http://www.
webpronews.com/topnews/2005/04/11/microsofts-channel-and-cultural-rules) on April 20,
2008. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
240. "On10.net homepage" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060428070407/http://www.on10.net/).
Microsoft. Archived from the original (http://www.On10.net) on April 28, 2006. Retrieved
May 4, 2006.
241. Bray, Hiawatha (June 13, 2005). "Somehow, Usenet lumbers on" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20090322135139/http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2005/06/13/somehow_us
enet_lumbers_on). The Boston Globe. Archived from the original (https://www.boston.com/bu
siness/globe/articles/2005/06/13/somehow_usenet_lumbers_on/) on March 22, 2009.
Retrieved July 3, 2006.
242. "Microsoft tests its own dog food" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070108214545/http://news.
zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-5047467.html). ZDNet. CBS Interactive. July 21, 2003. Archived
from the original (http://news.zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-5047467.html) on January 8, 2007.
Retrieved October 9, 2005.
243. Heilemann, John (November 2000). "The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Nothing But The
Truth" (https://www.wired.com/2000/11/microsoft-7/). Wired. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20080724133013/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.11/microsoft_pr.html) from the
original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
244. Mark, Roy (April 27, 2005). "Gates Rakes Congress on H1B Visa Cap" (http://www.internetn
ews.com/bus-news/article.php/3500986). internetnews.com. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20080610153421/http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3500986) from
the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
245. "Bill Gates Targets Visa Rules for Tech Workers" (https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.p
hp?storyId=88154016). NPR. March 12, 2008. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201004
24010916/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88154016) from the original
on April 24, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
246. "Corporate Equality Index Archive" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100703003315/http://ww
w.hrc.org/about_us/7115.htm). Human Rights Campaign Foundation. Archived from the
original (http://www.hrc.org/about_us/7115.htm) on July 3, 2010. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
247. Dreyfuss, Emily (August 31, 2018). "Will Others Follow Microsoft's Lead on Paid Parental
Leave?" (https://www.wired.com/story/will-others-follow-microsoft-on-paid-parental-leave/).
WIRED. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180901114448/https://www.wired.com/stor
y/will-others-follow-microsoft-on-paid-parental-leave/) from the original on September 1,
2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
248. Kastrenakes, Jacob (August 31, 2018). "Microsoft says its US contractors must offer paid
parental leave" (https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/31/17806726/microsoft-supplier-paid-pare
ntal-leave-requirement). The Verge. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180901155850/
https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/31/17806726/microsoft-supplier-paid-parental-leave-requir
ement) from the original on September 1, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
249. "Dirty Data Report Card" (http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publi
cations/climate/2011/Cool%20IT/dirty-data-report-greenpeace.pdf) (PDF). Greenpeace.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130910205409/http://www.greenpeace.org/internati
onal/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/Cool%20IT/dirty-data-report-greenpeace.
pdf) (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
250. "Amazon, Microsoft: Let's keep 'the cloud' clean" (http://seattletimes.com/html/opinion/20181
76038_guest10radford.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131204074032/http://s
eattletimes.com/html/opinion/2018176038_guest10radford.html) December 4, 2013, at the
Wayback Machine, Phil Radford
251. "Microsoft looks to boost eco credentials with wind-powered data centre" (https://www.thegu
ardian.com/environment/2013/nov/04/microsoft-wind-powered-data-centre) Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20170106175010/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/nov/
04/microsoft-wind-powered-data-centre) January 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Suzanne
Goldenberg
252. "Guide to Greener Electronics – Greenpeace International (16th Edition)" (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20120331130430/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-
change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/Previous-Edition-October-2010/). Greenpeace
International. Archived from the original (http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaig
ns/climate-change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/Previous-Edition-October-2010/) on
March 31, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
253. "Ranking tables October 2010 – Greenpeace International" (http://www.greenpeace.org/inter
national/Global/international/publications/toxics/2010/version16/Ranking%20tables%20Oc
t%202010-Microsoft.pdf) (PDF). Greenpeace International. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
web/20110128162332/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publicati
ons/toxics/2010/version16/Ranking%20tables%20Oct%202010-Microsoft.pdf) (PDF) from
the original on January 28, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
254. Mills, Elinor (June 6, 2008). "Microsoft vs. Google: Who's greener?" (http://news.cnet.com/Mi
crosoft-vs.-Google-Whos-greener/2100-1022_3-6080297.html?tag=mncol;txt). CNET. CBS
Interactive. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
255. Garrett, Mark (2014). Encyclopedia of Transportation: Social Science and Policy. Los
Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. p. 390. ISBN 978-1-4833-4651-9.
256. "Fostering Alternative Ways to Commute at Microsoft" (https://web.archive.org/web/2008050
1154211/http://www.microsoft.com/environment/our_commitment/articles/alternative_commu
ting.aspx). Microsoft. Archived from the original (https://www.microsoft.com/environment/our_
commitment/articles/alternative_commuting.aspx) on May 1, 2008.
257. "Seattle hires consultant to look at 520 bridge plan" (https://web.archive.org/web/201002261
23840/http://www.king5.com/news/Microsofts-big-520-advertisement-85031317.html). King5
Television News. February 23, 2010. Archived from the original (http://www.king5.com/news/
Microsofts-big-520-advertisement-85031317.html) on February 26, 2010. Retrieved July 3,
2010.
258. Tu, Janet I. (October 28, 2011). "Microsoft Pri0 | Microsoft named best multinational
workplace" (http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/microsoftpri0/2016631709_microsoft_na
med_best_multinational_workplace_by_gr.html). Seattle Times Newspaper. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20120711115601/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/microsoftpri
0/2016631709_microsoft_named_best_multinational_workplace_by_gr.html) from the
original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
259. Domonoske, Camila (January 16, 2020). "Microsoft Pledges To Remove From The
Atmosphere All The Carbon It Has Ever Emitted" (https://www.npr.org/2020/01/16/79675823
0/microsoft-pledges-to-remove-from-the-atmosphere-all-the-carbon-its-ever-emitted). NPR.
Retrieved July 14, 2022.
260. Calma, Justine (January 16, 2020). "Microsoft wants to capture all of the carbon dioxide it's
ever emitted" (https://www.theverge.com/2020/1/16/21068799/microsoft-carbon-capture-clim
ate-change). The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
261. Calma, Justine (January 28, 2021). "Microsoft made a giant climate pledge one year ago —
here's where it's at now" (https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/28/22254483/microsoft-climate-c
hange-pledge-update-carbon-dioxide-removal). The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved July 14,
2022.
262. Ciaccia, Chris (October 9, 2020). "Microsoft's work-from-home policy to become permanent"
(https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/microsofts-work-from-home-to-become-permanen
t). FOX Business.
263. Geman, Ben (January 28, 2021). "Microsoft backs direct air capture player Climeworks" (http
s://www.axios.com/2021/01/28/microsoft-climate-change-climeworks-carbon). Axios.
Retrieved July 14, 2022.
264. Calma, Justine (September 9, 2021). "How the largest direct air capture plant will suck CO2
out of the atmosphere" (https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/9/22663597/largest-direct-air-capt
ure-plant-c02-climeworks-iceland). The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
265. Joppa, Lucas; Luers, Amy; Willmott, Elizabeth; Friedmann, S. Julio; Hamburg, Steven P.;
Broze, Rafael (September 29, 2021). "Microsoft's million-tonne CO2-removal purchase —
lessons for net zero" (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02606-3). Nature. 597
(7878): 629–632. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..629J (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Natu
r.597..629J). doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02606-3 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-021-026
06-3). ISSN 0028-0836 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836). S2CID 238229298 (http
s://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238229298). Retrieved July 14, 2022.
266. Brabant, Malcolm (August 23, 2016). "To combat climate change, these scientists are turning
CO2 into rock" (https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/combat-climate-change-scientists-turnin
g-co2-rock). PBS NewsHour. WETA-TV. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
267. Clifford, Catherine (June 28, 2022). "From milligrams to gigatons: Startup that sucks carbon
dioxide from the air is building a big plant in Iceland" (https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/28/clim
eworks-carbon-dioxide-removal-company-building-iceland-plant.html). CNBC. Retrieved
November 27, 2022.
268. US EPA, OAR (May 14, 2021). "Green Power Leadership Awardees" (https://www.epa.gov/g
reenpower/green-power-leadership-awardees). www.epa.gov. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
269. Ramkumar, Amrith (September 7, 2023). "Microsoft Will Use Carbon-Absorbing Rocks to
Meet Climate Goals" (https://www.wsj.com/us-news/climate-environment/microsoft-will-use-c
arbon-absorbing-rocks-to-meet-climate-goals-57ea802a). The Wall Street Journal. News
Corp. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
270. Olick, Diana (December 5, 2022). "Microsoft-backed start-up Heirloom uses limestone to
capture CO2" (https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/05/microsoft-backed-start-up-heirloom-uses-li
mestone-to-capture-co2.html). CNBC. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
271. Cleveland-Peck, Perry (June 26, 2024). "Microsoft Wrestles With Rising Emissions From AI
Ahead of Its 2030 Carbon-Negative Goal" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-wrestles-w
ith-rising-emissions-from-ai-ahead-of-its-2030-net-zero-goal-b53d4cf4). The Wall Street
Journal. News Corp. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
272. Fast Facts About Microsoft (https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/inside_ms.mspx) Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20070809015659/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/inside_m
s.mspx) August 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Microsoft.com. Retrieved on August 25,
2013.
273. Nagel, Allison (January 25, 2016). "Microsoft To Buy, Expand Mountain View Campus" (http
s://www.bisnow.com/silicon-valley/news/office/microsoft-to-buy-expand-mountain-view-camp
us-54959). Bisnow Media. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190204074800/https://w
ww.bisnow.com/silicon-valley/news/office/microsoft-to-buy-expand-mountain-view-campus-5
4959) from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
274. "Microsoft East Coast Headquarters—Safway Services" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170
329050044/http://safway.com/Projects/Commercial/microsoft.asp?timeline=renovation).
safway.com. Archived from the original (http://safway.com/Projects/Commercial/microsoft.as
p?timeline=renovation) on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
275. Wessler, Seth Freed (December 16, 2022). "Developers Found Graves in the Virginia
Woods. Authorities Then Helped Erase the Historic Black Cemetery" (https://www.propublic
a.org/article/how-authorities-erased-historic-black-cemetery-virginia). ProPublica. Retrieved
July 6, 2023.
276. Taylor, Guy (April 8, 2024). "London set for AI tech boost as Microsoft to open state-of-the-art
Paddington hub" (https://www.cityam.com/london-set-for-ai-tech-boost-as-microsoft-to-open-
state-of-the-art-paddington-hub/). CityAM. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
277. "Your First Look at Microsoft's Massive New Flagship Store" (https://www.wired.com/2015/1
0/microsofts-hands-on-flagship-store-opens-on-fifth-avenue/). Wired. October 26, 2015.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151027110340/http://www.wired.com/2015/10/micr
osofts-hands-on-flagship-store-opens-on-fifth-avenue/) from the original on October 27,
2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
278. Morris, Keiko (October 26, 2015). "Microsoft Opens Flagship Store on Fifth Avenue" (https://
www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-opens-flagship-store-on-fifth-avenue-1445823629). The Wall
Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20151026172634/http://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-opens-flagship
-store-on-fifth-avenue-1445823629) from the original on October 26, 2015. Retrieved
October 27, 2015.
279. "Microsoft opens the doors to its New York City flagship store" (https://www.theverge.com/20
15/10/26/9617520/microsoft-store-nyc-opening-fifth-avenue-flagship). The Verge. October
26, 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20151026221011/http://www.theverge.com/
2015/10/26/9617520/microsoft-store-nyc-opening-fifth-avenue-flagship) from the original on
October 26, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
280. Chanthadavong, Aimee (April 21, 2015). "Microsoft to open a flagship store in Sydney" (http
s://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-open-flagship-store-in-sydney/). ZDNet. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20160101064431/http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-open-fla
gship-store-in-sydney/) from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
281. Jha, Lakshman (2008). Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Approach (https://b
ooks.google.com/books?id=NbnZwhUjlF0C). Global India Publications. p. 218. ISBN 978-
81-907211-2-7. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190323120123/https://books.googl
e.com/books?id=NbnZwhUjlF0C) from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved May 1,
2015.
282. Osterman, Larry (July 14, 2005). "Remember the blibbet" (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/ar
chive/blogs/larryosterman/remember-the-blibbet). Larry Osterman's WebLog. Microsoft.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080803222257/http://blogs.msdn.com/larryosterma
n/archive/2005/07/14/438777.aspx) from the original on August 3, 2008. Retrieved
October 17, 2020.
283. "The Rise and Rise of the Redmond Empire" (https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.12/red
mond.html). Wired. December 1998. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2012110603535
9/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.12/redmond.html) from the original on November 6,
2012. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
284. Schmelzer, Randi (January 9, 2006). "McCann Thinks Local for Global Microsoft" (http://ww
w.adweek.com/news/advertising/mccann-thinks-local-global-microsoft-83426). Adweek.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120828202545/http://www.adweek.com/news/adver
tising/mccann-thinks-local-global-microsoft-83426) from the original on August 28, 2012.
Retrieved August 18, 2008.
285. Reimer, Jeremy (January 23, 2006). "Microsoft set to launch new marketing campaign" (http
s://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060123-6031.html). Ars Technica Digital. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20080918080347/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060123-6
031.html) from the original on September 18, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
286. Topolsky, Joshua (July 22, 2010). "New Microsoft brand logos, company tagline revealed at
MGX event? (update: no new logos, the tagline is a go)" (https://www.engadget.com/2010/0
7/22/new-microsoft-brand-logos-company-tagline-revealed-at-mgx-event/). Engadget. AOL.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120816001625/http://www.engadget.com/2010/07/2
2/new-microsoft-brand-logos-company-tagline-revealed-at-mgx-event) from the original on
August 16, 2012. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
287. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. (1991). InfoWorld (https://books.google.com/books?id=4FAEAA
AAMBAJ&pg=PT26). InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 26. Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20190323120125/https://books.google.com/books?id=4FAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT26) from
the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
288. Meisner, Jeffrey (August 23, 2012). "Microsoft Unveils a New Look" (https://web.archive.org/
web/20120825012157/http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2012/08/23/microso
ft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx). The Official Microsoft Blog. Archived from the original (http://blog
s.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2012/08/23/microsoft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx) on
August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
289. Eric, Steven H. (August 23, 2012). "NEW MICROSOFT LOGO REVEALED" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20120825174050/http://flapship.com/new-microsoft-logo-revealed/).
Flapship.com. Archived from the original (http://flapship.com/new-microsoft-logo-revealed/)
on August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
290. "Microsoft's new logo has ties to the past" (http://www.wpcentral.com/microsofts-new-logo-ha
s-ties-past). August 23, 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053328/http://
www.wpcentral.com/microsofts-new-logo-has-ties-past) from the original on September 21,
2013. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
291. "Microsoft's logo is not new, it's from 1995" (https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft039s-logo
-is-not-new-it039s-from-1995). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130728155634/http://
www.neowin.net/news/microsoft039s-logo-is-not-new-it039s-from-1995) from the original on
July 28, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
292. "Microsoft Unveils a New Look" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120825012157/http://blogs.te
chnet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2012/08/23/microsoft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx).
Microsoft. August 2012. Archived from the original (http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/
archive/2012/08/23/microsoft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx) on August 25, 2012. Retrieved
August 23, 2012.
293. Finland | EuroBasket 2015 (http://www.eurobasket2015.org/en/compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoAN
OrUf9le2.season_2015.roundID_9322.teamID_281.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20150928112312/http://www.eurobasket2015.org/en/compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9l
e2.season_2015.roundID_9322.teamID_281.html) September 28, 2015, at the Wayback
Machine, FIBA.com, Retrieved September 27, 2015.
294. "New 'Microsoft Philanthropies' organization will focus on digital inclusion" (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20240129035758/https://www.geekwire.com/2015/new-microsoft-philanthropies-
group-will-focus-heavily-on-digital-inclusion/?__cf_chl_tk=kHhRjuofdsTnKaBUOKZ0Tu5JO
cIpeGyLZEzer7pJZKY-1706500663-0-gaNycGzNERA). Geekwire. Archived from the
original (https://www.geekwire.com/2015/new-microsoft-philanthropies-group-will-focus-heav
ily-on-digital-inclusion/) on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
295. "Microsoft employees donate a record $142M to non-profits, and have a lot of fun along the
way" (https://web.archive.org/web/20240129040029/https://www.geekwire.com/2017/from-m
an-bun-shearing-to-carpool-karaoke-with-execs-microsoft-employees-fund-record-breaking-
donations/). Geekwire. Archived from the original (https://www.geekwire.com/2017/from-man-
bun-shearing-to-carpool-karaoke-with-execs-microsoft-employees-fund-record-breaking-don
ations/) on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
296. "Tech billionaires including Tim Cook, Elon Musk, and Mark Zuckerberg promised 18 million
masks to fight COVID-19" (https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-billionaires-promise-to-don
ate-18-million-masks-2020-3#apple-minimum-2-million-masks-1). Business Insider.
Retrieved March 23, 2020.
297. "Microsoft: Russian Cyber Spying Targets 42 Ukraine Allies" (https://www.voanews.com/a/mi
crosoft-russian-cyber-spying-targets-42-ukraine-allies/6628417.html). VOA. June 22, 2022.
Retrieved July 12, 2022.
298. Smith, Brad (June 22, 2022). "Defending Ukraine: Early Lessons from the Cyber War" (http
s://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2022/06/22/defending-ukraine-early-lessons-from-the-
cyber-war/). Microsoft. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
299. Greene, J; Hamm, S; Brady, D; Der Hovanesian, M (September 26, 2005). "Troubling Exits At
Microsoft" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070502084953/http://www.businessweek.com/ma
gazine/content/05_39/b3952001.htm). BusinessWeek. Archived from the original (http://www.
businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_39/b3952001.htm) on May 2, 2007.
300. Andrews, Paul (April 23, 1989). "A 'Velvet Sweatshop' or a High-Tech Heaven?" (https://archi
ve.today/20120629191556/http://www.krsaborio.net/research/1980s/89/890423.htm). The
Seattle Times. Archived from the original (http://www.krsaborio.net/research/1980s/89/89042
3.htm) on June 29, 2012.
301. "Editor's note, MSJ August 1997" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070214061859/http://www.
microsoft.com/msj/0897/ednote0897.aspx). Microsoft. Archived from the original (https://www.
microsoft.com/msj/0897/ednote0897.aspx) on February 14, 2007. Retrieved September 27,
2005.
302. Hancock, Ciarán. "Irish-registered subsidiary of Microsoft records $314bn profit" (https://ww
w.irishtimes.com/business/technology/irish-registered-subsidiary-of-microsoft-records-314bn
-profit-1.4565525). The Irish Times. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
303. Neate, Rupert (June 3, 2021). "Microsoft's Irish subsidiary paid zero corporation tax on
£220bn profit" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/03/microsoft-irish-subsidiary-pai
d-zero-corporate-tax-on-220bn-profit-last-year). The Guardian. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
304. Doctorow, Cory (January 22, 2020). "The sordid tale of Microsoft's epic tax evasion and the
war they waged against the IRS" (https://boingboing.net/2020/01/22/clippy-dodges-taxes.htm
l). Boing Boing. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
305. Kiel, Paul (January 22, 2020). "The IRS Decided to Get Tough Against Microsoft. Microsoft
Got Tougher" (https://www.propublica.org/article/the-irs-decided-to-get-tough-against-micros
oft-microsoft-got-tougher). ProPublica. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
306. "The IRS says Microsoft may owe about $29 billion in back taxes. Microsoft disagrees" (http
s://apnews.com/article/microsoft-taxes-irs-96eb66abe86de19f1108209a8d57431a). AP
News. October 12, 2023. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
307. "Deadly embrace" (https://www.economist.com/node/298112). The Economist. March 30,
2000. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20180523190053/https://www.economist.com/n
ode/298112) from the original on May 23, 2018.
308. "Microsoft limits XML in Office 2003" (https://web.archive.org/web/20050922005808/http://ne
ws.zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-996528.html). Archived from the original (http://news.zdnet.co
m/2100-3513_22-996528.html) on September 22, 2005. Retrieved March 31, 2006.
309. "US Department of Justice Proposed Findings of Fact—Revised" (https://www.usdoj.gov/atr/
cases/f2600/v-a.pdf) (PDF). Usdoj.gov. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20000419213
934/https://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f2600/v-a.pdf) (PDF) from the original on April 19, 2000.
Retrieved April 28, 2016.
310. "US Department of Justice Proposed Findings of Fact" (https://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f260
0/2613.htm). Usdoj.gov. August 14, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
311. Greenwald, Glenn (June 6, 2013). "NSA taps in to internet giants' systems to mine user data,
secret files reveal" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-dat
a). The Guardian. London. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20060818114650/http://ww
w.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data) from the original on August 18,
2006. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
312. Gellman, Barton; Poitras, Laura (June 6, 2013). "U.S. intelligence mining data from nine U.S.
Internet companies in broad secret program" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigation
s/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/201
3/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1). The Washington
Post. Archived (https://archive.today/20130615061900/http://www.washingtonpost.com/inves
tigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-progr
am/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1) from the
original on June 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
313. Savage, Charlie; Wyatt, Edward; Baker, Peter (June 6, 2013). "U.S. says it gathers online
data abroad" (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/07/us/nsa-verizon-calls.html). The New York
Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170216072437/http://www.nytimes.com/201
3/06/07/us/nsa-verizon-calls.html) from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved
February 18, 2017.
314. "Google, Facebook, Dropbox, Yahoo, Microsoft And Apple Deny Participation In NSA PRISM
Surveillance Program" (https://techcrunch.com/2013/06/06/google-facebook-apple-deny-part
icipation-in-nsa-prism-program/). Tech Crunch. June 6, 2013. Archived (https://web.archive.o
rg/web/20130613004834/http://techcrunch.com/2013/06/06/google-facebook-apple-deny-par
ticipation-in-nsa-prism-program/) from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
315. Gross, Ashley. "Rev. Jesse Jackson Praises Microsoft's Diversity Efforts, But Urges The
Company To Do More" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151208082033/http://www.kplu.org/po
st/rev-jesse-jackson-praises-microsofts-diversity-efforts-urges-company-do-more). Archived
from the original (http://www.kplu.org/post/rev-jesse-jackson-praises-microsofts-diversity-effo
rts-urges-company-do-more) on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
316. "Exclusive: Microsoft faces EU antitrust probe after remedies fall short, sources say" (https://
www.reuters.com/technology/eu-investigation-into-microsoft-likely-after-remedies-fall-short-s
ources-say-2023-07-03/). Reuters. July 4, 2023.
317. Stolton, Samuel (June 25, 2024). "Microsoft Risks EU Fine After Antitrust Warning Over
Teams App" (https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/microsoft-risks-eu-fine-after-antitrust-warning-ove
r-teams-app-1.2089126). Retrieved June 25, 2024.

Bundled references

1. [263][264][265][266][267]

External links
Official website (https://www.microsoft.com/)
Business data for Microsoft Corporation: Bloomberg (https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/MSF
T:US) · Google (https://www.google.com/finance/quote/MSFT:NASDAQ) · Reuters (https://ww
w.reuters.com/markets/companies/MSFT.O) · SEC filings (https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/brows
e-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=789019) · Yahoo! (https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/MSF
T)
Microsoft companies (https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/Microsoft) grouped at
OpenCorporates
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft&oldid=1235618355"