Patterns and Relations Glossary

balance Having the same weight, amount, or number on each side. A tool to
compare the weight of two sets.
This balance shows 2 = 2.

create To build something, such as a pattern.

A student creates .

describe To tell about something, such as a pattern.

For a student may say, “My pattern is an
AB pattern,” or “My pattern is star,
circle, star, circle.”

equal Sets that have the same number or objects.

= or 3=3

extend To find the terms of a pattern beyond a given end point.

Given , students add on .

manipulative Small hand-held items that can be used to represent numerical ideas.
base 10 blocks, fingers, bingo chips

pattern A predictable sequence or puposeful arrangement of objects, actions

or sounds.
is a repeating AB pattern.

repeat To do again.
Snap–clap, snap–clap.

reproduce To recreate a given pattern.

Given , student makes .

set A collection or group of objects.

My set has 3 suns.

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Glossary PATTERNS AND RELATIONS

symbol A letter, figure or sign for something, especially in an equation.

In 2 + 3 = 5, + is the symbol for addition; = is the symbol for
equal.

translate To represent a given pattern in another form (letters, shapes, actions,

sounds).
Given ABB, student makes or jump, clap, clap.

unequal Not having the same weight, amount or number on each side.
This balance shows 3 ≠ 2.

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GLOSSARY PATTERNS AND RELATIONS

Important Patterns and Relations Words

Word Definition Example or Picture

balance

create

equal

extend

pattern

repeat

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GLOSSARY PATTERNS AND RELATIONS

Word

reproduce

set

symbol

unequal

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 Number Glossary

addition The process of joining two or more sets to find the total.
2 + 1 = 3 or + =

base ten blocks Manipulatives with ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands blocks. Can
be used to model whole numbers.
=1 = 10 = 100 = 1000

= 34

building on a double Changing problems to include doubles for easier addition.

for 6 + 7 = think 6 + 6 + 1 = 13

compare To describe similarities and differences.

Both groups have 3 shapes but
the shapes are different.

counting back Counting down to subtract from a particular number.

for 12 – 3 = think 12…11, 10, 9 12 – 3 = 9

counting on Counting up to add onwards from a particular number.

for 10 + 2 = think 10…11, 12 10 + 2 = 12

doubles An addition face that has two addends that are the same.
5 + 5 = 10

estimate To determine a number that is close to the desired answer, but not the
exact amount.
Given = 10.

We can estimate = 40 rather than counting.

equal Sets or quantities that have the same number, that can be placed in
one-to-one correspondence.
= or 4=4

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Glossary NUMBER

five frame A grid with five spaces used to represent numbers to five.
or =3

group A collection or set of objects.

This is a group of 3 stars.

hundreds chart A 10 by 10 grid numbered from 1 to 100.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

less than Not as many as.

4 is less than 9.

making 10 Changing problems to include 10 for ease of addition or subtraction.

for 9 + 6 = think 10 + 5 = 15
for 11 – 3 = think 10 – 2 = 8

manipulative Small hand-held items used to represent numerical ideas

interlocking cubes, pattern blocks

number A word or numeral representing a particular quantity used in counting

and calculating.
four or 4 for

number line A vertical or horizontal structure for modeling mathematical

processes, such as counting and adding.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

numeral A symbol used to represent a number.

4 means four.

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Glossary NUMBER

one-to-one correspondence One object represents one number; a process for comparing sets.

the bottom group has more

referent An object or set to which others are compared.

referent set This set has more than the
referent.
This set has less than the
referent.

set A collection or group of objects.

This set has 3 objects.

sequence The numbers counted.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is a number sequence.

single The number left over when grouping to show numbers.

17 can be represented by 8 groups of 2 and one single, 5
groups of 3 and two singles, 4 groups of 4 and one single, and
3 groups of 5 and two singles.

skip counting The process of counting numbers in a pattern which leaves out
certain numbers in the number line; counting by multiples of a certain
number.
Count by 2s 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 12…
(leave out the odd numbers)

solve To work out the answer.

I can solve the problem 6 + 7 (= 13).

story problem A question where mathematics is used to work out the answer.
There were 3 coins. I lost one. How many do I have now?

strategy A plan or method to solve a problem.

diagrams, acting it out, using manipulatives
Making 10, counting on, and building on doubles are mental
math strategies.

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Glossary NUMBER

subtraction The act of removing part of a group or set.

4 – 1 = 3 or – =

symbol A letter, figure or sign for something, especially in an equation.

in 2 + 3 = 5, + is the symbol for addition;
= is the symbol for equal.

tally marks A mark or number of marks, in groups of five, used to represent a

number.
represents 8

ten frame A grid with ten spaces used to represent numbers to 10.
or =7

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GLOSSARY NUMBER

Important Number Words

Word Definition Example or Picture

addition

compare

counting back

counting on

doubles

estimate

group

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GLOSSARY NUMBER

Word Definition Example or Picture

less than

making 10

referent

set

sequence

single

skip counting

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GLOSSARY NUMBER

Word Definition Example or Picture

subtraction

ten frame

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 Shape and Space Glossary

2-D shape A closed figure measured in two dimensions (two perpendicular

directions) such as length and width.

circle rectangle triangle

3-D object A solid figure measured in three dimensions (three mutually

perpendicular directions) such as length, width and height.

cone cube cylinder

area The amount of two-dimensional space a shape covers.

1 Square 2 covers more area than square 1.

2

attributes Characteristics of an item.

The attributes of this cube are:

– has square sides – has flat sides

– has sharp points – can slide

compare To describe similarities and differences.

– both have flat sides and can slide
– one has no sharp points and can roll

composite Made up of several different things.

composite 2-D shapes composite 3-D objects

length (height) The straight line distance along a shape or object measured in one
dimension. ‘
Gord ) ‘ ) ) ) )

Mary )
Gord is longer. Mary is shorter.
) ) )

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Glossary SHAPE AND SPACE

mass (weight) The heaviness of an object.

A A is lighter than B.
B is heavier than A.
B

predict A statement about what will occur.

I predict my ice cream cone contains
a circle and a triangle.

set A group of numbers, shapes, or objects.

a set of circles a set of squares

sorting rule The attribute or characteristic by which items are sorted.

2-D shapes 3-D objects

These objects are sorted by type (2-D or 3-D)

verify Prove something to be true; confirm.

I see a circle and triangle in my ice
cream cone.

volume (capacity) The amount of three-dimensional space a solid takes up.

Glass 2 holds more than glass 1.

1 2

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GLOSSARY SHAPE AND SPACE

Important Shape and Space Words

Word Definition

2-D shape

3-D object

area

attributes

compare

composite

length

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GLOSSARY SHAPE AND SPACE

Word Definition Example or Picture

mass

predict

set

sorting rule

verify

volume

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