UDOFIA TIMOTHY EMMANUEL
FNG/21/22/276421
CHE 312
1a. Draw the structural formular of the following compounds;
I) Poly(1,1 dimethyl ethylene)
II) Poly(1-methyl ethylene)
III) Poly(difluoromethylene)
IV) Poly(2-propyl-1, 3-dioxane-4, 6-diyl) methylene
V) Poly(1-hydroxy ethylene)
VI) Poly(1- cyano ethylene)
VII) Polyoxyethylene
VIII) Poly(1- phenyl ethylene)
IX) Poly(1-acetoxy ethylene)
1b. What is the source base name of the polymers listed in Q(1a)?
STRUCTURAL BASED NAMES SOURCE BASED NAMES
1. Poly(1,1 dimethyl ethylene) Polyisobutylene
2. Poly(1-methyl ethylene) Polypropylene
3. Poly(difluoromethylene) Polytetrafluoro ethylene
4. Poly(2-propyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-diyl) Poly(vinyl butyral)
5. Poly(1-hydroxy ethylene) Poly(vinyl alcohol)
6. Poly(1-cyano ethylene) Polyacrilonitrile
7. Polyoxyethylene Poly(ethylene oxide)
8. Poly(1-phenylethylene) Polystyrene
9. Poly(1-acetoxy ethylene) Poly(vinyl acetate)
1c. What is the glass transition temperature of a polymer whose number average molecular weight is
3350 and infinite molecular weight glass transition is 100°C? K=2x10 5
𝐾 Solution
T =T ∞-
g g
𝑀𝑛
2𝑥105
Tg = 100 - = 40.30C
3350
2a. List 5 characteristics of addition polymerization.
It takes place in three distinct steps – chain initiation, chain propagation, and
chain termination
Some side reactions may occur, such as: chain transfer to monomer, and chain transfer
to polymer
High molecular weight polymer is formed at low conversion
No small molecules, such as H2O, are eliminated in this process
New monomer adds on the growing polymer chain via the reactive active centre which
can be a free radical in radical polymerization, carbocation in cationic polymerization and
carbanion in anionic polymerization.
2b. What is the melting point of a copolymer of ethylene and propylene with 80mol%
ethylene? Melting point of Polyethylene = 135oC, R= 8.314JK-1mol-1 and ∆Hm for PE = 66.5cal/g
= 7.8 x 103 J/mol.
Solution
1 1 𝑅
= – (ln 𝑥)
𝑇𝑚 𝑇0𝑚 ∆𝐻𝑚
T0m =1350C = 408K
1 1 8.314
= - (ln 0.8)
𝑇𝑚 408 7.8𝑥103
1
𝑇𝑚 = 2.689 x 10-3
Tm = 371.9K = 98.90C
3a. Using a styrene monomer, describe three possible arrangement of a recurrence structural
regularity.
Linear polymerization: Styrene monomers can polymerize in a straight chain fashion,
creating a long chain of repeating styrene units.
Branching polymerization: Styrene monomers can form a structure where side chains
extend from the main polymer backbone, creating a branched polymer structure.
Cross-linked polymerizations: Styrene monomers can form a network structure where
the polymer chains are interconnected, leading to a three-dimensional polymer network.
3bi. What compounds make up the classical Ziegler-Natta catalyst?
Classic Ziegler-Natta catalyst is: TiCl3 + Al(C2H5)3
3bii. State how the efficiency of this type of catalyst can be improved.
Polymerization is believed to occur by the repeated insertion of a double bond from the
monomer into a previously formed Ti-C bond. Efficiency of such a heterogeneous catalyst
can be improved significantly by impregnating the catalyst on a solid support such as MgCl 2
or MgO.
