Physiological Modelling Simulation
Physiological Modelling Simulation
ASSIGNMENT I
Submitted by,
Srivarshini M
23PEM003
I ME Medical Electronics
SIMULATION QUESTION:
Design a Simulink model that simulates the frequency response of glucose-insulin regulation
in both normal and Type-2 diabetic individuals. How does altering the insulin sensitivity and glucose
infusion rates impact the frequency response magnitude curves? What can you infer from these
changes about the underlying control mechanisms in glucose regulation for normal and diabetic
individuals?
THEORY:
In a healthy individual, the body's feedback control mechanisms efficiently regulate glucose
and insulin levels to maintain homeostasis. This can be observed in the frequency response curves as
a relatively stable and balanced system across a range of frequencies. In this case, the magnitude of
the response is typically lower, indicating effective regulation and a smooth response to fluctuations
in glucose levels.
Parameters such as insulin sensitivity, glucose infusion rates, and other physiological factors
can significantly affect the shape and characteristics of the frequency response curves. For instance,
altering insulin sensitivity can change the magnitude and phase of the system's response, impacting
how effectively the body can regulate glucose levels.
The mass balance of glucose in the blood plasma may be extended to incorporate dynamics
in the following way:
In the above equations, CG represents the glucose capacitance in the extracellular space, and U(t)
represents the time-course with which external glucose is infused into the bloodstream, as part of the
"glucose tolerance test." Basically, both Equations state that the net difference between the rate at
which glucose is added to the blood and the rate at which it is eliminated equals the rate at which the
glucose concentration, x, will increase (or decrease). It is important to note that the cross-product
term between x and y, the insulin concentration, makes the above equations nonlinear (or strictly
speaking, bilinear).
The glucose-insulin regulation model is encapsulated into a Subsystem block, which is shown in
relation to the source and sink blocks. The Subsystem block is created by dragging its icon from the
Connections block library to the model window. Double-clicking on the subsystem window will
appear, and the user can create the model in question within this window.
SIMULATION:
Glucose infusion into the model is simulated through the use of a pulse generator block, which
produces a rectangular wave. The period of the output waveform is set equal to the simulation time
of 5 hours, with the time step being 0.01 hours. The duty cycle is set to 5% so that glucose infusion
occurs over a duration of 0.25 hours or 15 minutes, starting at t = 0.5 hours. The glucose infusion rate
(amplitude of the rectangular wave) is set equal to 100000mgh'.
BLOCK:
SUBSYSTEM:
RESULTS: