Specificati。n f。r the Fabricati 。 n 。f

Structural Steel Pipe

API SPECIFICATION 28
SIXTH EDITION, JULY 2001

EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 1 2002

REAFFIRMED SEPTEMBER 2020

I.Pl
Amen can
Petroleum
Institute
 SPECIAL NOTES

API publications n巳cessarily address problems of a general nature. With resp巳ct to partic-
ular circumstances, local, sta旬， and federal laws and regulations should b巳 r巳viewed.
API is not undert放ing to m巳巳t the duti巳s of 巳mployers, manufacturers, or suppliers to
warn and prop巳rly train and equip their employ巳巳s, and others expos巳d, concerning health
and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed
eral laws.
Information concerning safety and h巳alth risks and proper pr巳cautions with resp巳ct to par-
ticular mat巳rials and conditions should be obtained from the 巳mployer, the manufacturer or
supplier of that material, or the mat巳rial safety data sheet.
Nothing contained in any API publication is to b巳 construed as granting any right, by
implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-
uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication b巳 con­
strued as insuring anyon巳 against liability for in仕ingement of letters patent.
Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffi口ned, or withdrawn at least 巳V巳ry
five y巳ars. Som巳times a on巳－time extension of up to two years will be added to this review
cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an
operative API standard or飞 wher巳 an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status
of the publication can be ascertained from the standardization manager [telephone (202)
682-8000]. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated
qu缸terly by A凹， 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001.
This docum巳nt was produced under API standardization procedur巳s that ensur巳 appropri­
ate notification and participation in the d巳velopmental process and is designated as an API
standard. Questions concerning th巳 int巳rpretation of th巳 content of this standaid or com-
ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed
should be directed in writing to the standardization manager, American P巳troleum Institute,
200 Massachusetts Av巳nue, N认r, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001. Requests for
permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should
also be addressed to th巳 gen巳ral manag巳r.
API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-
ing and operating practices. Th巳se standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-
ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be
utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to
inhibit anyone from using any other practices.
Any manufacturer marking 巳quipment or materials in conformance with th巳 marking
requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable
requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarant巳巳 that such prod-
ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted by any mea邸， electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without prior 附加en permission from the publisher. Contact the Publishe几
AP! Publishing Services, 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © 2001 American Petroleum Institute
 FOREWORD

This sp巳cification is under the jurisdiction of the API Committ巳巳 on Standardization of

O仔＇shore Structures.
The purpos巳 of this specification is to provide standards for the fabrication of structural
steel pipe formed 仕om plate steel and suitable for use in construction of welded offshore
structures.
This specification shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be
used voluntarily from the dat巳 of distribution.
Fabricators inter巳st巳d in obtaining a monogram license should either write the API
office 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 2000 I for an
application package or a copy of the Composite List Q川1.a叫声cturers Licensed 卢r Use
of the AP! Monogram, Product No. G00006.
API publications may be used by anyone d巳siring to do so. Every e旺ort has been made
by the Institute to assure the accuracy and r巳liability of the data contain巳d in them; how
ever, th巳 Institut巳 makes no repres巳ntation, warranty, or guarant巳巳 in conn巳ction with this
publication and hereby expr巳ssly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or dam-
age resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal , state, or municipal regulation
with which this publication may conflict.
Sugg巳sted revisions ar巳 invited and should be submitted to the general manager,
Upstream Segm巳nt, American Petroleum In stitu比， 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite
1100, Washington, DC 20001

Ill
 CONTENTS
Page

1 SCOPE .... ............................... .............................. ............ ................... ........... ........ ....... 1

2 REFERENCES ..................................................……........ ........ .. .......... 1

3 DEFINITIONS ........….........….........…..................…...........................….........…............ 1

4 MATERIAL ...........….........…...............……························…….........……....................... 1

5 FABRICATION. …................................…..........................……·….................... 2
5.1 G巳neral .........…………………...............….................... ....……··…….......…................. 2
5 .2 Weld mg Procedure Quahficat1on ................ ............ .............................. ............... 2
5.3 Welder and Welding Operator Qualification ..........…............................... 2
5 .4 Longitudinal W巳Ids ............................................................................................... 2
日 Girth Wei出….......…....... …. .. ....…....... .......... .... . . .. ..….. ............…… .. .. . ..….. .. .. ........ 2
56 ........ ........ ........... ..... . . ......... ........ .. ..... . ............................... 3

6 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES ..........................…..................…........................ 3

6.1 Diameter, Length, and Wall Thickness ........ . ..........…............................... 3
6.2 Roundness ....................................................................................…..................... 3
6.3 Circumfer巳nc巳.............… · ···· · · ··· · ········ · · · ···…. . .... . ..........….................. .. .. .. .. .. .......... 3
6.4 Straightness …........…..... ....…..........….................................................... ............... 3
6.5 Pip巳 End s ....................…..........…........…....................................….........…............ 3

7 INSPECTION AND REPAIR ................…··········· ············ ··················· ·……................... 3

7 1 Inspection ... …........…… . .......…............... …........ ...... .. .......... 3
7.2 Weld Insp巳ction ........................ ............................... ............................................. 3
7 .3 Nondestructive Examination ........……………..........……….......….........…................ 3
74 R巳pair of Base Metal Imperfections ........ .. ..…… …....... .. .......…........... 3

8 MARKING .........................…............ ....…….......……….......………··…….......................... 4

APPENDIX A-SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS .................……........................ 6

APPENDIX B METRIC CONVERSION TABLE . .. ........…................................ 8

Figures
A I-Plate Rolling Direction Orientation. ........ .. ......……… ....... . ............ 6

Tab！巳s
B-1 Metnc Conv巳rs10n Table .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. ......…............... ........….8

v
 Suggestions for Ordering API 28 Pipe

In placing orders for steel pipe to b巳 fabricated in accordance with API Sp巳cification 2B, th巳 pur­
chaser should sp巳cify the following on the purchas巳 order:
• Specification APl2B
• Quantity As required
• Size Nominal length, wall thickness, and outside
diameter
• ASTM (or other industry standard) Speci且cation/Grade/
designation for steel plate Supplementary requirem巳nts
• Delivery date and shipping instructions As required
The purchaser should state whether any of the following optional requirements are to apply:
• Mill test certificat巳 for steel plate
• End finish (sp巳cify, if not standard 30 degre巳 b巳vel)
• SRl, plat巳 dir巳ction of rolling
Longitudinal- ‘‘ S-lL”
Transv巳rse一－“S-lT”

• SR2, notch toughness (sp巳cify test temperatures and minimum energy requirements)
• SR3, 100% radiographic 巳xamination Uoint can quality assurance)
• SR4, matching weld toughn巳ss for designated plat巳 material
Nothing in this specification should be interpreted as indicating a preference by the committee for
any optional requirement. In the selection of requirements, the purchaser must be guided by the
purchas町、 experience and by the servic巳 for which the pipe is int巳nded.

气II
 Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel Pipe

1 Sc。pe 3.2 fabricator: The person, firm, company, or corpora-

tion executing th巳 contract or agreem巳nt with the purchaser to
1.1 This specification cov巳rs the fabrication of structural fabricate the structural st巳el pip巳 und巳r this specification.
steel pipe fonned from plat巳 steel with longitudinal and cir-
cumfer巳ntial butt-welded s巳ams, typically in sizes 14 in. out- 3.3 girth weld: A circumferential butt-welded seam
sid巳 diameter (OD) and l盯·ger (40 in. and larger for LWDS) lying in a plane p巳rpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
with wall thickness 3/s in. and greater (up to a nominal 40 ft the pip巳， us巳d to join tubular sections into lengths of
in length) suitable for use in construction of welded offshore straight pipe.
structures.τb巳 use of the ERW process or spiral W巳lded pipe
3.4 longitudinal seam: A butt-welded seam which par-
is not included in this sp巳cification. Pipe fabricated und巳r 由is
allels the axis of the pipe.
specification is intended to be used primarily in piling and
main structural members, including tubular truss connections, 3.5 longitudinally welded double seam (LWDS)
where internal stiffen巳rs are not usually required. pipe: A can with two longitudinal seams, on巳 of which may
b巳 mad巳 in the flat plat巳 condition.
1.2 Manufacturers desiring to apply the API Monogram to
the products covered by this specification shall demonstrate 3.6 manufacturer: The firm, company, or corporation-
to the satisfaction of the American Petroleum Institute a pro- furnishing plat巳 steel used in the fabrication of the structural
gram of education, training，巳xp巳rience, and/or 巳xamination steel pipe.
assuring th巳 manufactur町、 personnel are compet巳ntin w巳ld­ 3.7 mill pipe: A structural steel pipe consisting of multiple
ing, insp巳ction, nond巳structive examination, and testing cans join巳d by girth welds.
requir巳d or refi巳I巳nced by this sp巳cification.
3.8 pile: A cylindrical tubular m巳mb巳r fabricated 仕om
on巳 or more lengths of structural steel pipe, usually driven
2 References
through a leg or sl巳eve of an o仔shore platform, that carries
The following specifications and standards become a part of vertical loads and resists lateral forc因．
and shall be considered concurrently with this specification:
3.9 pipe weld: A longitudinal seam made after th巳 plat巳
AST岛1' has been formed into pipe.
A 6 99 General Requirements for Rolled Steel 3.10 plate weld: A longitudinal seam made betwe巳n flat
Plates, Shapes, Sheet Piling， αnd Bars for plates which are subsequently formed into pipe.
Structural Use
3.11 purchaser: The person, finn, company, or co叩ora­
A 20-99 General Requirements 卢r Delivery of Steel tion entering into a contract or agreement for the purchase of
Plates for Pressure l缸sels structural steel pipe fabricat巳d under this specification.
A 370-97 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 3.12 single seam welded pipe: A can with one longitu-
E 23-98 Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic dinal seam, produced by a continuous welding prncess.
Materials 3.13 structural steel pipe: A cylindrical tubular mem-
AWS2 ber fonned from steel plate, having a unifonn material and wall
thickness, with longitudinal and/or circumferential butt welded
D 1.1-2000 Structural 陆lding Code-Steel seams, comprising of 出巳 following typ巳s: can, single seam
welded pipe, longitudinally welded double m缸丑（L＼＼币S) and
3 Definitions mill pipe.

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions

4 Material
apply:
4.1 Pipe furnished to this specification shall be fabricated
3.1 can: A section of structural steel pip巳 with no girth from plate steel as specified by th巳 purchaser.
seam.
4.2 The purchaser shall specify the grade and quality of
1ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428 plate steel to be used. When the plat巳 steel is furnished by the
2American Welding Society, 550 N.W. Le Jeune Road, Miami, Florida fabricator, a mill test certificate must be available and shall be
33 126. furnished to the purchaser upon request. All plate shall bear
 SPECIFICATION FOR THE FABRICATION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL PIPE 2

mill identification numb巳rs, including sections cut to size 5.2 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
from the original mill-produced plate.
The welding procedures shall b巳巳stablished in accor
Note: Ultrasonic inspection, as a supplementary requirem巳nt to the d四i gnat巳d dance with AWS D 1.1. Written pre qualified welding proce-
plat巳 specification, may be specified, if desired, when structural steel pipe is to
dures may be employed by the fabricator provid巳d the
be used m 由e fabrication of tubular joint cans in T, Y, and/or K connections
where freedom from laminations and/or other internal defections is required. procedure compli巳s with all requirements (joint detail, filler
metal, and so forth) for pre qualified status detailed in
5 Fabrication Appendix IV of AWS Dl.1. More stringent Charpy V-notch
toughn巳SS in th巳 W巳ld and/or heat affect巳d zones than
5.1 GENERAL r巳quired in 5.1.3 above may be obtained, if desired, by sp巳c­
5.1.1 Forming pipe furnish巳d to this sp巳cification shall nor- ification of Supplementary Requirement (SR2).
mally be formed below 400。F, that is, cold formed. Warm The welding procedures shall be established in accor-
forming (between 800。F and 1200°F or 50。F b巳low the tem- dance with AWS D 1.1 . Written pre qualified welding proce-
pering temperature of quenched and tempered steels) may be dures may be employed by the fabricator provided th巳
employed provided forming procedures for h巳at treated or procedme complies with all requirements (joint detail, filler
I孔1CP steel are qualifi巳d to d巳monstrate the m巳chanical metal, etc.) for pre qualified status detailed in Appendix IV
str巳ngth prop巳rties requir巳d by the original plate sp巳cification of AWS D .1.1 More stringent CVN toughness in th巳 weld
are met in 出巳 warm formed condition. Hot forming (abov巳 and/or h巳at affected zones than required in Par. 3.3. abov巳
the upper critical temperatur巳） may also b巳 employed pro- may be obtained, if d巳sired, by sp巳cification of Supplemen-
vided the fonηing proc巳dure is quali白ed to d巳monstrate all tary Requirement S2.
mechanical properties required by the original plate specifica-
The foregoing requirements shall apply separately to
tions ar巳口1巳t.
plate welds, pip巳 welds and girth welds.
5.1.2 The purchaser may sp巳cify Suppl巳mentary R巳quire
ment 1 if the rolled direction of the plate is desired to be ori- 5.3 WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR
ented in a specific direction during the forming of the pip巳， QUALIFICATION
and the pipe shall be so identifi巳d.
Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accor-
5.1.3 All welding shall be in accordance with AWS D 1.1- dance with AWS Dl.1 , Chapter 4, Part B or C, as applica
2000, Structural Welding Code-Steel. Unl巳ss otherwise bl巳. Radiography is acceptable for th巳 qualification of
approved by th巳 purchaser, th巳 submerged arc welding pro- submerged 但℃ machine op巳rators.
cess shall be employed for all welding一巳xcept tack welds,
root passes and repair welding where other AWS approved 5.4 LONGITUDINAL WELDS
processes may be utilized. All welds shall be complete joint
Radial offset of abutting edges of longitudinal weld
penetration groove welds produced by employing AWS Dl .1
prequalifi巳d joint details, or other joint configurations quali
seams shall not exceed 1/8 in. For LWDS pipe, no two longi
a巳d by procedur巳 qualification testing.
tudinal seams shall b巳 closer together than one pipe diame-
t巳r or 5 ft, whichever is greater. Longitudinal weld seams of
W巳lding electrod巳s and fluxes shall conform to applicable a句oining cans shall b巳 staggered as shown below, unless
AWS speci白cations and shall be selected to match the mini- closer spacing is agreed upon by the purchas巳r and the fab-
mum ultimate strength of th巳 base material, and to provide a ricator.
minimum of 20 ft-lbs Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact energy
at 0°F. Matching CVN toughness may be specifi巳d by invok- seam spacing stagg巳r
ing Supplementary Requirement S4.
360° (single s巳am) 90° 180°
Ifth巳 AWS specification requirement for the electrodes and 180。（LWDS) 45° - 90。
fluxes to be employes is less than the foregoing, or if the other (LWDS) min. 25% of smaller seam spacing
welding procedure falls outside the range of essential vari-
ables tested m 由e AWS specification, then Charpy test speci- 5.5 GIRTH WELDS
mens shall be removed from a simulated production weld and
Radial offset of abutting 巳dg巳S of th巳 girth s巳ams shall
tested in accordance with Annex 皿 ofAWS Dl.1.
The d巳posited weld m巳tal shall possess an energy value not not exc巳ed 0.2T (where Tis the wall thickn巳ss) or 1/4 in.
less than indicated. Th巳 foregoing requir巳ments shall apply maximum provided the offset exce巳ding 1/s in. is weld巳d
separately to the final condition of plate welds, pipe welds, from both sides. On巳 localized area per gi1th weld up to
and girth welds. 0.3T, or 3/s in. maximum, is permitted provided the local-
All welding shall conform to the minimum workmanship ized area is under 8T in length and weld metal is added to
standards of Section 5 of AWS D 1.1. this region to provide a 4 : 1 tapered transition.
3 API SPECIFICATION 28

No two girth welds shall be located closer together than dicular to the longitudinal axis of the pipe within 1/16in. per ft
one pip巳 diameter or 3 ft, whichever is less. Ther巳 shall be of diameter, with a maximum allowable d巳viation of 1/4 in.,
no more than two girth welds in any 10 ft interval of pipe. measured with a square and straight edge across the 巳nd of
the pip巳．
5.6
For LWDS pipe, no two girth welds shall be located closer 7 Inspection and Repair
together than 10 ft. This r叫uirement does not apply to subse-
7.1 INSPECTION
quent fabrication which inco叩orates th巳 mill pip巳 into a pile
or structure. Fabrication and verification inspection shall b巳 conducted
in accordance with the requirements of AWS D 1.1, Section
6 Dimensions and T。 lerances 6, to assure compliance with the applicable requir巳ments of
Sections 1 through 6.
6.1 DIAMETER, LENGTH, AND WALL THICKNESS
The diameter, length, and wall thickness of pipe furnished 7.2 WELD INSPECTION
to this specification shall be as specified by the purchaser.
The length of 巳ach pipe shall not vary from the specifi 巳d All welds shall b巳 visuall y in sp巳cted on both the inside
and outsid巳 s urfac巳s . Th巳 W巳ld profile shall meet the
nominal length more than ± 11/2 in. p巳r 10 ft of length.
requirements of AWS Dl.1 , Section 5 .24.
6.2 ROUNDNESS
7.3 NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
The out-of-roundness, that is, the differenc巳 between
the major and minor outside diameters at any point in a 100% of each girth weld and spot testing amounting to
length of pipe, shall not exceed 1% of the nominal diame- 10% of each longitudinal weld (including 出e extr巳me 巳nds)
ter or l/4 in. maximum for wall thicknesses up to and shall be examin巳d by radiographic or ultrasonic inspection
including 2 in. For wall thickness exceeding 2 in. , the in accordance with the requirements of Section 6 and Part E
maximum permitted deviation shall not exceed an out-of- with Paragraph 6.12.3 and Part F with Paragraph 6.13.3.1 of
roundness to wall thickness ratio of 1:8. For pipe exceeding AWS Dl.l. Mor巳 extensive radiographic coverage may be
obtain巳d, if desired, by sp巳cification of Supplementary
48 in. in diamet町， a maximum deviation of 1/2 in. shall be
R巳quirement SR3. Th巳 fabricator shall b巳 r巳spon s ible for
p巳rmitted provided the circumferenc巳 tolerance is main-
conducting all radiographic examinations.
tained within ± 1I4 in.

7.4 REPAIR 。F BASE METAL IMPERFECTIONS

6.3 CIRCUMFERENCE
The outside circumference at any point in a length of pipe Imperfections d巳t巳cted in the bas巳 metal shall be explored to
shall b巳 within 士 1 % of the nominal circumference or within det巳口ηin巳 出e extent of each. Imperfections in th巳 finished tub巳
node巳per than 5% of th巳 sp巳cified nominal wall thi ckn巳ss and
± l/2 in., whichever is l巳SS.
m巳chanical marks no d巳叩巳r than 5% of th巳 nominal wall

6.4 STRAIGHTNESS thickness or l/16 in. in depth need not be removed. Imper-
fections which exceed the above shall be ground to sound
The maximum allowable straightness deviation in any 10- metal. The excavation area shall be faired, and the thickness
ft length shall b巳 1 /8 in. For lengths over 10 ft, th巳 maximum in the ground area shall not be reduced more than 7% of the
deviation of th巳 entire length may be computed by the fol- nominal thickn巳ss but in no case more than 1/8 in. depth. If
lowing formula, not to exceed 3/8 in. in any 40-ft length. the dep由 of imperfections in as-rolled plate exc巳巳ds the
above limits, but not more than 20% of the nominal thick-
I :_ total length in 白
- Ill • ness, welding repairs may be performed. Repair of d巳f巳cts
8 …. 10 ft d巳巳per than 20% of th巳 nominal wall thickness or repair of
defects with a length and/or width more than 20% of the
nominal diamet巳r shall not be permitted. Tubulars made
6.5 PIPE ENDS
from other than as-rolled plate shall not be repaired by
Unless oth巳rwise specifi时， all pipe shall be beveled fm welding unless sp巳cifically approv巳d by the pUI℃has er.
welding with an angle of 30 degrees ± 2.5 degrees (measured
from a line perpendicular to the surface of the pipe) with a
root fac巳 of 1/16 in. 士 l/32 in. The root fac巳 shall be perpen-
 SPECIFICATION FOR THE FABRICATION OF STRUCTURAL STEEL PIPE 4

8 Marking c. API 2B.

Pipe fabricated in conformance with this specification shall d. ASTM or other industry designation of plate steel
be marked by the fabricator as specified below. Each s巳ction employed in fabricating the pip巳．
of th巳 pipe shall be paint st巳nciled on the inside of both 巳nds e. Nominal outside diameter.
in letters a minimum of 1 in. high with the following:
f. Nominal wall thickness.
a. Fabricator’ s name. g. Specified supplementary requirem巳n邸， for exampl巳，
b. The API Monogram shall be applied to products comply SR 1, SR2, SR3 and/or S4.
ing with the requirem巳nts of the specification and only by
lic巳ns巳d fabricators.
 APPENDIX A-SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Introduction
When specified on the purchase order, the following sup-
plementary requirem巳nts shall apply:
Plate Rolling
SR1 Plate Rolling Direction Orientation Direction

SR1 .1 The orientation of the pipe axis r巳lative to the final

rolling direction of th巳 plat巳 from which the pip巳 is form巳d
shall be longitudinal or trans vers巳（c ircumferential) as indi- Longitudinaι－“S-1L”

cated on the purchase order and illustrated below.

气
SR1 .2 Pipe fabricated in accordance with this supple-

＼li
mentary requirement shall b巳 identified by marking “ S-IL"

A
em

副
Rcn

山阳
口E
t nHU
or “ S-lT” adjacent to “ API 2B” as required by Section 8,

l
-

D
－－
nH

Item 巳 and Item g. Se巳 Figur巳 A- 1.

l
／／
，
SR2 CVN Toughness Tests
Notch toughness tests shall be conducted as a require- Transverse-一“S-1T”
ment of th巳 welding procedur巳 qualification tests. The w巳ld­
Figure A-1-Plate Rolling Direction Orientation
ing procedur巳 qualification test coupon shall b巳 welded and
t巳sted in accordance with Paragraph 5.10.1 of AWS Dl.l.
r巳quired weld metal CVN toughness shall be as given in
Charpy V-notch t巳st sp巳cimens shall be remov巳d from the
Table C4.1 of AWS 01 .1 , and the heat affected zone (HAZ)
weld and h巳at a旺巳cted zone in accordance with the require自
CYN toughness shall be given in Table C4.2 of AWS D.1.1.
ments of Appendix III of AWS Dl.I The test temperature,
notch location (if different from AWS), and the minimum SR4.2 Cha叩y test specimens shall be removed from both
averag巳巳n巳rgy value shall b巳 as indicated on the purchase th巳 weld metal and HAZ of a s imulat巳d production weld
order. The pip巳 shall b巳 identifi巳d by marking as required in and tested in accordanc巳 with Annex III of AWS Dl.I. The
Section 8, Item g. deposited weld metal and HAZ shall poss巳ss averag巳 energy
values not less than indicated in Tabl巳s C4.1 and C4.2 of
SR3 100 Percent Radi。graphic AWS Dl.l, respectively, and no single test shall be more
than 5ft-lbs lower. The foregoing requirements shall apply
Examinati。n
S巳parately to plate welds, pipe welds and girth welds.
In addition to 100% radiography of th巳 girth welds sp巳ci­ SR4.3 For steels not listed in Table C2.4 of Aws Dl.I, or
tied by 7.3 ， 巳ach d巳signated longitudinal weld shall b巳 below, the purchas巳r shall designat巳 th巳 group and class for
exam in巳d by radiography throughout its entire length. Pipe which matching weld toughness is desired. HAZ require-
insp巳cted in accordance with this supplementary require- ments for Group III Class B shall be the same as for Group
ment shall be identified by marking as required in Section 8, II Class B.
Item g.
additional steel group class
SR4 Matching Weld CVN T。ughness for API Spec 2肌1TI II B
Designated Plate Material
SR4.1 Depending on th巳 Strength Group and Toughness SR4.4 Further guidance is given in Sections C2.42.2 and
Class of the designated API or ASTM plate specification, as C4.12.4.4 of AWS Dl.l.
given in Table C2.4 of AWS Dl.l, the co盯巳sponding

6
 APPENDIX 8-METRIC CONVERSION TABLE

Application of th巳 following equivalent values may be Table B-1-Metric Conversion Table
employed when converting the units of measur巳 employ巳d
herein to standard metric (SI) practic巳． Stated 飞lalu巳 Metric Equivalent
1/32 in. 0.8 mm
1/16 in. l .6mm
1/8 in. 3.2mm
1/4 in. 6.4mm
3/8 in. 9.5mm
1/2 in. 12.7 mm
1112 in. 38.l mm
2 in. 50.8 mm

48 in. 1.22m

10 ft 3.05 m
40 ft 12.19 m

。。F 18。c
50。F 10。c
400。F 204°C
800。F 427。c
1 200。F 649°C

20 ft - lbs 28 J

8
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