TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr. No. Particulars Page No.

1 Title Page -
2 Company Certificate II
3 College Certificate III
4 Declaration IV
5 Acknowledgment V
6 Executive Summary VI
7 Chapter 1: Industry Profile 2
8 Chapter 2: Company Profile 12
9 Chapter 3: marketing Department 18
10 Chapter 4: HR Department 22
11 Chapter 5: Service Department 26
12 Chapter 6: finance Department 30
15 Chapter 7: description of work responsibilities taken 40

16 Chapter 8: EXPIRENCED GAINEDAND PROBLEM FACED 42

17 Suggestion
18 Bibliography

Page1
 CHAPTER - 1
AIM & ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMPANY

1. HISTORY OF THE COMPANY

Hero Electric is a leading Indian manufacturer of

electric two-wheelers, specializing in electric scooters and motorcycles. Established in 2007, the
company is part of the Hero Group, which has a rich heritage in the automotive industry. Theyfocus
on providing eco-friendly and affordable mobility solutions to meet the growing demand for electric
vehicles in India.
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Hero Electric operates in the electric vehicle sector, specifically in the electric two-wheeler segment.
The company has gained a significant market share in the Indian market, positioning itself as one of
the key players in the industry. Hero Electric's success can be attributed to its commitment to offering
reliable and efficient electric two-wheelers at competitive prices.
The company has a diverse product portfolio comprising electric scooters and motorcycles tailored for
urban commuting and short-distance travel. Their range of vehicles encompasses various models with
different features, battery capacities, and performance levels, catering to the diverse needs and
preferences of customers. Hero Electric vehicles are known for their smooth electric drivetrains, user-
friendly features, and affordability.
Hero Electric has invested significantly in infrastructure and manufacturing capabilities. The company
operates a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, with an annual
production capacity of over 100,000 units. This robust manufacturing setup enables Hero Electric to
meet the growing demand for its electric two-wheelers in the market.
In addition to manufacturing, Hero Electric has established an extensive network of dealerships and
service centers across the country. This network ensures widespread availability of their products and
efficient after-sales service, enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty.
 History:-

In the year 1956, the foundation of brand HERO was laid by Late Mr. Dayanand Munjal with
a vision of providing mobility to millions in India. In the following years, the brand expanded
itself enormously in varied fields like Bicycles, Motorcycles, Healthcare, among others and
became the most renowned & trusted name in India and others parts of the world.

After the family businesses were realigned, Kross Bikes, Hero Exports, and Mediva came
under the umbrella of Hero EcoTech, the business congregates headed by Mr. Vijay Munjal.

Hero Electric is India’s first and largest manufacturer of electric 2-wheelers with hundreds of
thousands happy customers and growing.

1.1 Vision & Mission statement:-

Hero Electric’s endeavour to make the country greener with ‘Zero Pollution’ transportation
through its wide range of Electric Vehicles, is supported by our Mission of “No Emission”.
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 Vision:-
To make the country greener with 'Zero Pollution'
Mission:-
Mission of “No Emission”

1.2 TYPES OF SERVICE:-

Hero Electric offers a range of services to support customers throughout their ownership experience
of electric vehicles. These services are designed to ensure convenience, reliability, and satisfaction.
Here are the types of services typically provided:

1. Sales and Consultation Services:

o Product Information: Hero Electric provides detailed information about their electric
vehicles, including specifications, features, and benefits.
o Consultation: Sales representatives assist customers in choosing the right model based
on their needs, preferences, and budget.
o Test Drives: Opportunities for test drives may be offered to allow customers to
experience the vehicle's performance firsthand.
2. After-Sales Services:
o Maintenance and Servicing: Hero Electric has a network of authorized service centers
equipped to handle routine maintenance, inspections, and repairs.
o Warranty Coverage: The company offers warranty support for its vehicles, covering
specific components and services for a defined period after purchase.
o Service Campaigns: Periodic service campaigns may be conducted to address potential
issues or provide updates to improve vehicle performance.
3. Customer Support Services:
o Technical Assistance: Dedicated technical support is available to assist customers with
troubleshooting, resolving technical issues, and understanding vehicle functionalities.
o Customer Helpline: A customer helpline or hotline is maintained for inquiries,
complaints, and feedback, providing a direct communication channel with the
company.
4. Online Services:

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 o Digital Platforms: Hero Electric may offer online services through their website or
mobile app, including booking service appointments, accessing vehicle information,
and purchasing accessories.
o E-commerce: Some accessories or parts may be available for purchase online,
enhancing convenience for customers.
5. Emergency Roadside Assistance:
o Breakdown Support: Hero Electric may provide roadside assistance services in case of
vehicle breakdowns or emergencies, ensuring prompt support and recovery.
o Towing Services: Assistance for towing the vehicle to the nearest authorized service
center may be included in emergency services.
6. Training and Education:
o Owner Workshops: Hero Electric conducts workshops or training sessions for vehicle
owners to educate them on basic maintenance tasks, safe riding practices, and
maximizing vehicle performance.
o User Manuals and Guides: Comprehensive user manuals and guides are provided to
help customers understand vehicle operations, maintenance schedules, and
troubleshooting procedures.
7. Customer Engagement Programs:
o Events and Activities: Hero Electric organizes events, rides, and community activities
to engage with customers, promote electric mobility awareness, and foster a sense of
community among owners.
o Feedback Mechanisms: Platforms for providing feedback and suggestions are available
to customers, allowing them to contribute to improving products and services.

1.3 Types of product:-

The popularity and sales figures of electric vehicles can vary over time and are influenced by several
factors, including market demand, pricing, marketing efforts, and consumer preferences.
To determine which electric vehicles from the above-described list have been bought the highest, let’s
summarize the overall speculations of these models.

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[Hero Electric]

1. Hero Electric Flash LX (Discontinue):

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 59,640

2. Hero Electric Atria LX :

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 77,690

3. Hero Eddy :

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 72,000

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4. Hero Electric NYX HS500 ER :

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 86,540

5. Hero Electric Photon LP :

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 86,391

6. Hero Electric Optima CX - Single Battery (Discontinue):

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 67,190

7. Hero Electric Optima CX - Dual Battery (Discontinue):

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 85,190

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 8. Optima CX 2.0 :

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 106,590

9. Optima CX 5.0 :

Ex-showroom Price = ₹ 129,890

1.4 POSITION IN INDUSTRY:-

Hero Electric holds a notable position in the electric two-wheeler industry in India, leveraging its
strengths in several key areas:

1. Market Leadership and Presence:

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 o Market Share: Hero Electric is one of the leaders in the electric two-wheeler segment
in India, with a significant share of the market. It has established itself as a prominent
player through consistent product offerings and brand presence.
o Brand Recognition: The Hero brand, well-known for its legacy in conventional
motorcycles, lends credibility and trust to Hero Electric's electric vehicles, bolstering
its market position.
2. Product Portfolio and Innovation:
o Diverse Product Range: Hero Electric offers a diverse portfolio of electric scooters and
motorcycles tailored to various customer segments, including commuters, delivery
services, and leisure riders.
o Innovative Features: The company continually innovates by integrating advanced
technologies such as lithium-ion batteries, regenerative braking systems, and smart
connectivity features into its vehicles.
3. Distribution and Service Network:
o Extensive Reach: Hero Electric has a robust nationwide distribution network
comprising dealerships, showrooms, and service centers. This extensive reach ensures
accessibility to its products and reliable after-sales support.
o Customer Service: The company emphasizes customer satisfaction through prompt
service and support, enhancing the ownership experience and fostering loyalty among
its customer base.
4. Focus on Sustainability and Environment:
o Promotion of Green Mobility: Hero Electric plays a crucial role in promoting
sustainable transportation solutions in India. Its electric vehicles contribute to reducing
carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.
o Government Initiatives: The company aligns its strategies with government initiatives
and incentives promoting electric mobility, enhancing its market position in a
regulatory environment favoring clean energy adoption.
5. Research and Development (R&D):
o Investment in Technology: Hero Electric invests in R&D to improve battery
technology, increase vehicle range, and enhance overall performance and safety
features.

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 o Collaborations and Partnerships: Collaborations with technology partners and
academic institutions help Hero Electric stay at the forefront of innovation, ensuring its
products remain competitive in the evolving market.
6. Challenges and Growth Opportunities:
o Competition: Hero Electric faces competition from both domestic manufacturers and
new entrants in the electric vehicle space. Competitors include established brands
expanding into electric mobility and startups focusing on disruptive technologies.
o Expansion Plans: The company continues to expand its product lineup and market
reach, targeting growth in urban and rural markets and exploring opportunities in
adjacent sectors such as electric bicycles and last-mile connectivity solutions.

Page10
Page11
 CHAPTER 2
POLICY OF THE COMPANY

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2.1 Company policy:-

Hero Electric, like many companies, has various types of policies that guide its operations and
strategies. These policies can be categorized into several types:

1. Product Quality Policy:

Customer Service Policy: Hero Electric's customer service policy focuses on ensuring
customer satisfaction by providing timely and effective support, handling inquiries and
complaints efficiently, and maintaining open communication channels with customers.

2. Environmental Policy:

As a manufacturer of electric vehicles, Hero Electric likely has an environmental

policy that emphasizes sustainability. This includes efforts to reduce carbon emissions,
conserve resources, and comply with environmental regulations.

3. Innovation and Technology Policy:

This policy outlines Hero Electric's approach to innovation in electric mobility

solutions. It may include objectives for research and development, investment in new
technologies, and strategies for staying competitive in the market.

4. Employee Welfare Policy:

Hero Electric is likely to have policies related to employee welfare, covering aspects
such as workplace safety, fair employment practices, training and development opportunities,
and employee benefits.

5. Ethical Business Practices Policy:

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 This policy focuses on maintaining integrity and ethical standards in all aspects of the
company's operations. It includes guidelines for dealing with suppliers, partners, and
stakeholders, as well as compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.

6. Community Engagement Policy:

Hero Electric may have policies related to community engagement and corporate
social responsibility. This could include initiatives to support local communities, promote
education and healthcare, and contribute to social welfare programs.

7. Corporate Governance Policy:

This policy outlines principles and practices related to corporate governance,

including accountability, transparency, and responsible decision-making by the
company's leadership.

2.2 SERVICE POLICY:-

The service policies of Hero Electric Company are designed to ensure customer satisfaction and
support throughout the ownership lifecycle of their electric vehicles. While specific details may vary,
typical aspects of Hero Electric's service policies include:

1. Customer Support:

Hero Electric is committed to providing responsive and effective customer support.

This includes accessible communication channels for addressing inquiries, complaints, and
technical support needs promptly.

2. Warranty Coverage:

The company offers warranty coverage for its electric vehicles, outlining the terms and
duration of coverage for different components. This ensures customers have recourse if there
are issues with their vehicles within the warranty period.

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3. Maintenance and Service Schedule:

Hero Electric likely provides guidelines for regular maintenance and service intervals
to ensure optimal performance and longevity of their vehicles. This may include
recommendations for service checks, inspections, and component replacements.

4. Authorized Service Centers:

Hero Electric has a network of authorized service centers where customers can bring
their vehicles for maintenance and repairs. These centers are equipped with trained technicians
and genuine parts to ensure quality service.

5. Technical Support:

Hero Electric provides technical support to assist customers with troubleshooting

issues, understanding vehicle features, and addressing technical queries related to their electric
vehicles.

6. Recall and Service Campaigns:

In case of any safety or performance-related issues identified with specific vehicle

models, Hero Electric may initiate recall campaigns to rectify the issue at no cost to the
customer. Service campaigns may also be conducted for non-safety-related improvements

7. Customer Education:

The company may offer resources and guidance to educate customers on vehicle
operation, maintenance best practices, and safety tips.

8. Feedback Mechanism:

Hero Electric values customer feedback and may have mechanisms in place to collect
and analyze feedback regarding their products and services. This helps in continuously
improving service quality and customer satisfaction.

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2.3 CUSTOMER POLICY:-

In the customer service department, Hero Electric focuses on several policies and practices to ensure
customer satisfaction and support. Here are some key policies typically implemented:

1. Customer Care Commitment:

Hero Electric emphasizes a customer-first approach, aiming to exceed customer

expectations in every interaction. This includes responsiveness, empathy, and a solution-
oriented mindset.

2. Accessibility and Communication:

The company ensures that customers have easy access to customer service channels,
such as helplines, email support, and online portals. Clear communication is maintained
regarding response times and service availability.

3. Resolution and Escalation Procedures:

Hero Electric establishes clear procedures for resolving customer issues effectively
and promptly. This may include tiered support levels and escalation paths for handling
complex or unresolved cases.

4. Training and Development:

Customer service representatives undergo comprehensive training to understand Hero

Electric's products, policies, and customer service standards. Continuous learning and skill
development programs are also implemented.

5. Quality Assurance:

The company monitors service quality through feedback mechanisms, service metrics,
and customer satisfaction surveys. This helps identify areas for improvement and ensures
consistency in service delivery.

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6. Complaint Handling:

Hero Electric has policies in place for handling customer complaints fairly and
transparently. This includes documenting complaints, investigating root causes, and
implementing corrective actions as necessary.

7. Data Privacy and Security:

The company prioritizes the confidentiality and security of customer information.

Policies adhere to data protection regulations to safeguard customer privacy.

8. Proactive Communication:

Hero Electric keeps customers informed about product updates, service advisories, and
other relevant information through proactive communication channels.

9. Feedback and Continuous Improvement:

Customer feedback is actively solicited and used to improve products and services.
This feedback loop helps in identifying trends, addressing recurring issues, and enhancing
overall customer experience.

10. Ethical Conduct:

Customer service policies at Hero Electric uphold ethical standards in all interactions.
This includes honesty, integrity, and fairness in dealing with customers and their concerns.

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 CHAPTER 3

MARKETING DEPARTMENT:

Page18
 Detailed Explanation of Marketing Department Functions in a Small Business:

1. Market Research:
o Customer Analysis: Identifies target audience demographics, behaviors, and
preferences through surveys, interviews, and data analysis.
o Competitor Analysis: Evaluates competitors' strategies, products, and market
positioning to identify competitive advantages and potential gaps.

2. Marketing Strategy Development:

o Strategic Planning: Sets marketing objectives and develops strategies to achieve
them, considering market trends, business goals, and budget constraints.
o Positioning and Branding: Defines the brand identity, messaging, and positioning to
differentiate the business in the market and resonate with the target audience.

3. Product and Service Promotion:

o Advertising: Plans and executes advertising campaigns across various channels such
as digital ads, print media, social media, and more.
o Public Relations (PR): Manages media relations, press releases, and publicity efforts
to enhance brand visibility and reputation.
o Sales Promotion: Develops promotions, discounts, and incentives to stimulate sales
and attract customers.

4. Digital Marketing:
o Website Management: Maintains and updates the business website to ensure it is
user-friendly, informative, and optimized for search engines (SEO).
o Social Media Marketing: Engages with customers on social platforms (e.g.,
Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn) to build relationships, promote content, and drive
traffic.
o Email Marketing: Executes email campaigns to nurture leads, promote
products/services, and maintain customer communication.

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5. Customer Relationship Management (CRM):
o Customer Engagement: Implements strategies to build and maintain relationships
with existing customers through personalized communication and loyalty programs.
o Feedback Management: Collects and analyzes customer feedback to improve
products/services and customer experience.
o Customer Support: Coordinates with customer service to address inquiries, concerns,
and issues promptly.

6. Measurement and Analytics:

o Performance Tracking: Monitors and evaluates marketing campaigns' effectiveness
using metrics such as ROI, conversion rates, website traffic, and customer acquisition
cost (CAC).
o Data Analysis: Analyzes marketing data to gain insights into customer behavior,
preferences, and trends, enabling informed decision-making and strategy refinement.

MAEKETING DEPARTMENT

MARKER RESEARCH MARKETING

STRATEGY

PRODUCTION & DIGITAL MARKETING

SERVICE PROMOTION

CUSTOMER MEASUREMENT &

RELATIONSHIP ANALYTICS
MANAGEMENT
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 3.1.1 DIAGRAM OF MARKERING DEPARTMENT

 Detailed Breakdown of the Diagram:

 Marketing Department: Centralizes all marketing activities aimed at promoting the business,
attracting customers, and driving growth.
 Market Research: Provides insights into customer needs, preferences, and market dynamics
to inform strategic decisions and campaign development.
 Marketing Strategy: Develops overarching marketing plans and tactics aligned with business
objectives to effectively reach and engage the target audience.
 Product & Service Promotion: Executes promotional activities across various channels to
raise awareness, generate leads, and increase sales.
 Digital Marketing: Utilizes digital channels like websites, social media, and email to enhance
visibility, engage with customers, and drive online traffic and conversions.
 CRM: Manages customer relationships through personalized communication, feedback
management, and customer support to enhance satisfaction and loyalty.
 Measurement & Analytics: Tracks and analyzes marketing performance metrics to evaluate
effectiveness, optimize strategies, and allocate resources efficiently

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 CHAPTER 4

HR DEPARTMENT

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HR DEPARTMENT:-

 Roles and Functions of HR in a Small Business

1. Recruitment and Selection:

o Job Analysis: HR conducts job analysis to determine the duties, responsibilities, skills,
and work environment of each position.
o Recruitment: Develops job postings, advertises openings, screens resumes, and
conducts interviews.
o Selection: Selects suitable candidates based on interviews and assessments.

2. Employee Onboarding:
o Orientation: Introduces new hires to the company’s policies, culture, and facilities
Training: Arranges initial training sessions to help new employees understand their
roles and responsibilities.

3. Employee Relations:
o Conflict Resolution: Mediates disputes and maintains a positive work environment.
o Employee Engagement: Implements programs to boost morale and foster a sense of
belonging.

4. Performance Management:
o Goal Setting: Collaborates with managers and employees to set clear performance
objectives.
o Performance Appraisals: Conducts regular reviews to evaluate employee
performance and provide feedback.

5. Compensation and Benefits:

o Salary Administration: Establishes pay structures and administers payroll.
o Benefits Management: Manages employee benefits such as health insurance,
retirement plans, and perks.

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6. Compliance:
o Legal Compliance: Ensures the business adheres to labor laws and regulations.
o Policy Development: Develops HR policies and procedures to guide employee
conduct and company operations.

7. HR Information Systems:
o Record Keeping: Maintains employee records including personal details, job history,
performance evaluations, etc.
o Data Analysis: Analyzes HR metrics to identify trends and make data-driven
decisions.

HR DEPARTMENT

Requirement &
selection

Employee Employee Employee

relation onboarding performance
management
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 4.1 DIAGRAM OF HR DEPARTMENT

 Explanation of the Diagram:

 HR Department: Represents the central hub responsible for all HR activities.

 Recruitment and Selection: Handles hiring processes to bring new talent into the
organization.
 Employee Relations: Manages employee interactions, conflict resolution, and engagement
initiatives.
 Employee Onboarding: Facilitates the integration of new hires into the company.
 Performance Management: Oversees employee performance evaluations and goal setting.

This diagram illustrates the interconnected functions within the HR department, demonstrating how
each area contributes to managing and supporting the organization’s workforce effectively in a small
business context.

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 CHAPTER 5
SERVICE DEPARTMENT

Page26
SERVICE DEPARTMENT

Roles and Functions of the Service Department in a Small Business

1. Customer Support:
o Handling Inquiries: Receives and responds to customer inquiries, issues, and
complaints.
o Providing Information: Offers product or service information, troubleshooting
guidance, and technical support.

2. Service Delivery:
o Installation: Installs products or services at customer locations, if applicable.
o Maintenance: Performs routine maintenance or repairs to ensure product/service
functionality and longevity.

3. Warranty Management:
o Claims Processing: Manages warranty claims, ensuring customers receive repairs or
replacements covered under warranty terms.
o Documentation: Maintains records of warranty agreements and service history for
each customer.

4. Field Service Operations:

o Dispatching Technicians: Coordinates field service technicians to visit customer sites
for installations, repairs, or maintenance.
o Scheduling: Plans and schedules service appointments efficiently to meet customer
needs and minimize downtime.

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5. Quality Assurance:
o Inspections: Conducts inspections to ensure service quality and adherence to
standards.
o Feedback Collection: Gathers feedback from customers to improve service delivery
processes.

6. Inventory Management:
o Stock Control: Manages inventory of spare parts and service equipment to support
repair and maintenance activities.
o Replenishment: Orders and replenishes inventory as needed to maintain service
readiness.

7. Training and Development:

o Technician Training: Provides ongoing training to service technicians to enhance
their skills and knowledge.
o Product Updates: Educates service personnel about new products or upgrades to
ensure they are equipped to support latest offerings.

Service Department

Customer Support

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 5.1 Diagram of Service Department Structure

Explanation of the Diagram:

 Service Department: Represents the core of service operations in the business.

 Customer Support: Central point of contact for handling customer inquiries and issues.
 Service Delivery: Ensures proper installation, maintenance, and repair services are provided.
 Warranty Management: Manages warranty claims and ensures compliance with warranty
terms.
 Field Service Operations: Handles on-site service activities and dispatches technicians as
required.
 Quality Assurance: Ensures service quality through inspections and customer feedback.
 Inventory Management: Manages spare parts and service equipment inventory to support
operations.

This diagram illustrates how different functions within the service department interact to provide
efficient and effective service to customers in a small business context. Each area plays a crucial role
in maintaining customer satisfaction and operational excellence.

3.4 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

1. Financial Planning and Budgeting:

o Budget Creation: Developing annual operating budgets based on expected revenues
and expenses.
o Forecasting: Projecting future financial performance and cash flow based on historical
data and market trends.
2. Financial Reporting:
o Monthly/Quarterly Reports: Compiling and analyzing financial data to produce
reports for management review.

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 o Financial Statements: Preparation of balance sheets, income statements, and cash
flow statements to assess the company’s financial position.
3. Bookkeeping and Accounting:
o Accounts Payable: Managing payments to suppliers, vendors, and creditors.
o Accounts Receivable: Tracking and collecting payments from customers and clients.

CHAPTER 6

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT

1. Financial Planning and Budgeting:

o Budget Creation: Developing annual operating budgets based on expected revenues
and expenses.
o Forecasting: Projecting future financial performance and cash flow based on historical
data and market trends.
2. Financial Reporting:
o Monthly/Quarterly Reports: Compiling and analyzing financial data to produce
reports for management review.
o Financial Statements: Preparation of balance sheets, income statements, and cash
flow statements to assess the company’s financial position.
3. Bookkeeping and Accounting:
o Accounts Payable: Managing payments to suppliers, vendors, and creditors.
o Accounts Receivable: Tracking and collecting payments from customers and clients.
o General Ledger: Recording all financial transactions and maintaining accurate
financial records.
4. Cash Flow Management:
o Monitoring cash flow to ensure there is enough liquidity to cover operational expenses
and investments.
o Managing working capital effectively to optimize cash flow.
5. Financial Analysis:
o Conducting financial analysis to evaluate profitability, cost-effectiveness, and financial
performance.
o Providing insights and recommendations based on financial data to support strategic
decision-making.
6. Financial Compliance and Risk Management:
o Ensuring compliance with tax regulations, financial reporting standards, and other
legal requirements.

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 o Managing financial risks through strategies such as hedging, insurance, or investment
diversification.
7. Payroll Administration:
o Processing payroll for employees, including calculating wages, deductions, and taxes.
o Ensuring compliance with payroll tax laws and regulations.
8. Financial Strategy and Advisory:
o Providing financial guidance and support to senior management for strategic planning
and decision-making.
o Assessing financial implications of business decisions and proposing solutions to
enhance profitability or efficiency.
9. Audit and Internal Controls:
o Implementing internal controls to safeguard company assets and ensure accuracy in
financial reporting.
o Coordinating external audits and addressing audit findings as necessary.
10.Financial Technology and Systems:
o Utilizing accounting software and financial management tools to streamline processes
and improve accuracy.
o Implementing financial systems upgrades or integrations as needed to support business
operations.

In a small business, these functions may be handled by a small team or even a single individual, often
the CFO (Chief Financial Officer) or a dedicated finance manager/controller. The role of the finance
department is critical in providing timely and accurate financial information that supports operational
decisions and ensures the financial stability and growth of the business

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  Balance sheets are below:-

1. ProfitandLossAccount

Commonsized statementof profit and loss for year2022-23

PARTICULARS 2022 percentageof 2023 percentageof

net sales net sales
GROSSSALE/INCOME 54805695 118.24 64211553 117.38
FROM
OPERATION
Closing Stock 3821859 8.25 4036274 7.38
NetSales/Incomefrom 50983835 110 60175279 110
operation
shorttermloans 625900 1.35 636460 1.167
Otherincome 1269713 2.74 1665939 3.047
totalof income 52879449 114.092 62477678 114.213
Expenditure
Consumptionofraw 35292360 76.142 37840938 69.168
materials
Purchaseoftraded goods 1105302 2.39 1516361 2.772

Employee’scost 7408445 1.60 912714 1.672

electricityexpanses 1089946 157.96 1100990 155.067
Advertisement 759000 1.64 781000 1.43
insuranceexp 71500 0.154 759000 1.386
Depreciation 798203 1.73 841679 1.54
distribution expanses 113283 0.24 140679 0.253
packagingandlabelling 469370 1.012 502370 0.913
expanses
Other expenditure 1233395 2.66 2543677 4.653
TotalExpenditure 41673204 89.914 46939409 85.804
profitbeforeinterest&tax 11206244 24.178 15538269 28.402

Interest&other 1189226 2.563 1568110 2.871

charges(net)
profitbeforetax 10017018 21.615 13970158 25.531
currenttax 3505956 7.57 4889555.4 8.932
netprofitaftertax 6511062 14.047 9080602.96 16.61

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Interpretation:here commonsized statement of profit and loss hows that

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percentage of expenditure to net sales is almost same in both years while
expenditures are decreasingin2021comparedto2020andnetprofitcomparedto net
sales in percentage is increasing in 2021.

2. BalanceSheet

Commonsized statement of balance sheet

PARTICULARS 2021-22 percentage 2022-23 percentage

SOURCESOFFUND
SHAREHOLDERS'FUNDS:
Sharecapital 7541710 63.459 7541710 53.262
ReservesandSurplus 1591254 44.44 2971204 20.988
Loan funds 3938876 33.143 5062480 35.75

TOTAL 13071840 110 15575395 110

APPLICATIONOFFUNDS:
FixedAssets 12568780 105.765 14732772 104.049
Investments 56735 0.473 84270 0.594
CurrentAssets,Loansand
Advances:
Inventories 1140189 9.592 1610520 11.374
SundryDebtors 992051 8.349 1097709 7.755
CashandBankBalances 221792 1.87 407432 2.882

Loans AndAdvances 625900 8.569 636460 4.499

TotalCurrent Assets 2354033 19.81 3115661 22.0041
Less:Currentliabilitiesand
Provisions

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 CurrentLiabilities 1732274 14.575 2169147 15.323
CreditorsForGoods
Provisions 175433 1.474 188160 1.331
TotalCurrent Liability 1907708 16.049 2357308 16.643

Interpretation: here common sized statement of balance sheet shows that

percentage of all sources of fund compared to total of sources of fund are
decreasing in 2021 compared to 2020 % of all application of fund compared to
total are almost same in both year with minor changes.

3. Ratio&TheirInterpretation

A. LiquidityRatio

No. Nameof Ratio 31stMarch 31stMarch

2021-2022 2022-2023

1. CurrentRatio 2354033 3115661

=Current Assets 1907708 2357308
CurrentLiability =1.23:1 =1.32:1

Interpretation: : Generally, 2:1 current ratio is recommended by Government. In 2020- 21

Current ratio is Higher than previous year. It implies that for every 1 Rs of current liability, 1.32
Rs of current assets are available to meet them. It is satisfactory than last year. but which shows
that company was not able to meet its current obligations as and when required.

2. LiquidRatio 1213843 1505141

= Liquid Assets 1907708 2357308
LiquidLiability =0.6362:1 =0.6385:1

Interpretation : The liquidity position of the company is also satisfactory than its
previous year. The liquid ratio in the year 2019-20 was 0.6362:1, which was 0.6385:1 in the
year 2020. Company should take immediate steps to increase quick assets

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B. SolvencyRatio

No. NameofRatio 31stMarch 31stMarch

2021-2022 2022-2023
1. DebtEquity Ratio 3938875 5062480
LongTermDebt 9132964 10512914
ShareholdersFund =0.43:1 =0.48:1
interpretation: : the standard ratio is 2:1. Hero electric Pvt Ltd debt equity ratio is under
control as it is 0.43. which represents a satisfactory capital structure of business.

C. ProfitabilityRatio

No. NameofRatio 31stMarch 31stMarch

2021-2022 2022-2023
1. GrossProfitRatio 11206244 15538269
Gross profit 50983835 60175279
NetSales =21.97% =25.82%
Interpretation: The GP ratio of company is higher than its precious year which shows
bothselling price and cost of goods sold have changed, the combined effect being increase in gross
margin

2. NetprofitRatio 6511062 9080602.96

NetProfitafterTax 50983835 60175279
Netsales =12.77% =15.09%
Interpretation: : The profitability is higher than last year hence it is very useful to proprietors is
shows an index of efficiency and profitability.

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D. ActivityRatio

No. Nameof Ratio 31stMarch 31stMarch

2021- 2022-
2022 2023
1. I.DebtorsTurnoverRatio 12745958 15043820
Net credit sale 992051 1097709
AverageDebtors 12.85Times =13.70Times
II. Debtors Ratio 379 379
Months/Days in a year 14.14 15.07
DebtorsturnoverRatio =27 Days 25days
Interpretation: The debtor’s turnover ratio during the period 2019-20 was 12.85 times which
increased to 13.70 times which shows company received early payments from customer.
2. I. CreditorTurnoverRatio 9099416 11807189
NetcreditPurchase 1732274 2169147
Average Creditor 5.25Times 5.44Times
II.CreditorsRatio 380 380
Months/Days in a year 5.78 5.984
DebtorsturnoverRatio =65 Days 63Days
Interpretation: The creditor ratio during the period 2019-20 was 5.25times which increased to 5.44.
which shows company was enjoy less credit period from supplier.

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Page39
 CHAPTER 7:

DESCRIPTION OF WORK RESPONSIBILITIES TAKEN

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Description service & inventory department that I work in :
I work in service department and inventory department.

in the service department we try to provide best and satisfy service to customer, in this department our goal is
provide best service and make customer happy.

In the inventory department control all kind of inventory which is related with e-bike/scooter,
Note down the all stock details in excel file and which item is necessary that item will ordered.

Job description :
In the service department my job is management of all bike which is come to service and which bike will taken
to repair that I know to the mechanic and guide the mechanic how to service the bike and which way

In the inventory department my job is note down all the inventory which is order in short time and necessary,
note down all the stock details in excel file and company software system,that reason work is easy and easy to
calculate the stock.

Computer programs used :

When I was in internship I use ms excel and company software
Other company website

Description of work responsibilities taken :

I work in service & inventory department and I am responsible my head (pankajbhai & hiteshbhai) for any duty.

Like any conversation with clients and taking order of them.

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 CHAPTER 8:

EXPIRENCED GAINED

AND PROBLEM FACED

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ABOUT MY JOB:-

EXPERIENCE GAIN IN SERVICE DEPARTMENT

I work in service department and inventory department and I gain many kind of experience
Like,how to handle customer with polide behavior,how convance customer, how to solver the customer problem

EXPERIENCE GAIN IN INVENTORY DEPARTMENT

I work in inventory department and I gain experience how to manage the inventory and how to order the
inventory,when inventory order,how much inventory order,that kind of knowledge gain

PROBLAM FACE IN SERVICE DEPARTMENT

I face many kind of problem like mechanic not do service proper and less service give,
Some time many customer have one major problem but can’t solve that problem so we try to solve that problem.

PROBLAM FACE IN INVENTORY DEPARTMENT

In inventory department I face problem like some time order deliver delay that reason some customer are angry
and conflate with the workshop manager and owner of the showroom that both person handle that situation and
solve that problem

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