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1-2 Complex

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20 views5 pages

1-2 Complex

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ah7637477
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Math I Dr.

Shaima,a Bader

Complex Numbers

A Complex Number is a combination of a Real Number and an Imaginary


Number.

𝒊 = √−𝟏

i2 = −1

Examples

1
We often use the letter z for a complex number:

z = a + bi

• z is a Complex Number
• a and b are Real Numbers
• i is the unit imaginary number = √−1

we refer to the real part and imaginary part using Re and Im like this:

Re(z) = a, Im(z) = b

• The conjugate (it changes the sign in the middle) of z is shown with a
star:

z* = a − bi

The magnitude of z is:

|z| = √(a2 + b2)

2
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Math I Dr. Shaima,a Bader

Example: z = 3 + 4i

• z is a Complex Number
• 3 and 4 are Real Numbers
• Re(z) = 3
• Im(z) = 4
• |z| = √(32 + 42) = 5

Adding
To add two complex numbers we add each part separately:

z1 + z2 = (a+bi) + (c+di) = (a+c) + (b+d)i

Example1: add the complex numbers z1=3 + 2i and z2=1 + 7i

• add the real numbers, and


• add the imaginary numbers:

(3 + 2i) + (1 + 7i)
= 3 + 1 + (2 + 7)i
= 4 + 9i

Example2: add the complex numbers 3 + 5i and 4 − 3i

(3 + 5i) + (4 − 3i)
= 3 + 4 + (5 − 3)i
= 7 + 2i

On the complex plane it is:

3
Multiplying
To multiply complex numbers:

Z1.Z2=(a+bi)(c+di) = (ac−bd) + (ad+bc)i

Example: (3 + 2i)(1 + 7i) = (3×1 − 2×7) + (3×7 + 2×1)i = −11 + 23i

Conjugates
A conjugate can be shown with a bar over it:

Example:

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
5 − 3𝒊 = 5 + 3i

Dividing
The conjugate is used to help complex division.

4
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Math I Dr. Shaima,a Bader

The trick is to multiply both top and bottom by the conjugate of the
bottom.

Example:

2 + 3𝒊
𝟒 − 𝟓𝐢
Sol

h.w
1) find (3 - 5i) + (-4 + 7i)?
2) find (-5 + 3i) - (4 + 7i)?
3) If z1 = 2 + 5i and z2 = 3 - 2i, what is z1 × z2 ?
4)

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