lOMoARcPSD|30374489

WEEK 1- 21ST Century Literature FROM THE Philippines TO

THE World
General Education (The National Teachers College)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

Week no: 1

NAME: _____________________________________________________________

STRAND: _____________________________________________________________

SECTION: _____________________________________________________________

DATE RELEASED: __________________ RELEASED BY: ___________________

DATE SUBMITTED: __________________ RECEIVED BY: __________________

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

HOW TO USE THE MODULE?

As you start studying the module, I want you to set aside other task/s that may disturb you while enjoying the lessons.
Read the instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of the module.
2. Don’t forget to answer Pre-test before moving on to the other activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the post-test and apply what you have learned.
6. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
7. Enjoy studying!
8. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the
relevant competencies. You can do it!

This module will present the:

Lesson 1 – GEOGRAPHIC, LIGUISTIC AND ETHNIC DIMENSIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY

Most Essential Learning Competency

After going through this module, you should be able to:

 Identify the geographic, linguistic and ethnic dimensions of the Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to
the contemporary ( EN12Lit-la-21)

Expectations

At the end of this module, the student will be able to:

 Define literature from various writers; and

 Understand literature from pre-colonial to contemporary periods.
 Make a graphical timeline focusing on how the literatures for each literary period proliferated.

Discussion

LES
–
SON 1 GEOGRAPHIC, LIGUISTIC AND ETHNIC DIMENSIONS
OF THE PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY

What is literature?

The word literature is derived from the Latin term litera which means letter. It has been defined differently by various
writers. These are the following:

Page 2

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

1. Literature expresses the feelings of people to society, to the government, to his surroundings, to his fellowmen, and
to his Divine Creator. (Brother Azurin)

2. Literature is anything that is printed as long as it is related to the ideas and feelings of the people, whether it is true,
or just a product of one’s imagination. (Webster)

3. “True literature is a piece of written work which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of people in
response to his everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his Creator.”
(PANITIKANG FILIPINO)

Some loosely interpret literature as any printed material written within a book, a magazine or a pamphlet. Others
define literature as a faithful reproduction of man’s manifold experiences blended into one harmonious expression.
Because literature deals with ideas, thoughts, and emotions of man, it can be said to be the story of man. Man’s loves,
griefs, thoughts, dreams, and aspirations coached in beautiful language is literature.

In Panitikang Pilipino written by Atienza, Ramos, Salazar and Nazal, it says that “true literature is a piece of written work
which is undying. It expresses the feelings and emotions of people in response to his everyday efforts to live, to be
happy in his environment and, after struggles, to reach his Creator.”

Philippine Literature is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side – by – side with the country’s history. It
had started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the arrival of Spanish influence. The main
themes of Philippine literature focus on the country’s pre – colonial cultural traditions and socio – political histories of its
colonial and contemporary traditions.

Literary History/Evolution of the Philippines

1. Pre – Colonial Period

The evolution of Philippine literature depended on the influences of colonization and the spirit of the age.

The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet

Indigenous Philippine literature was based on traditions and customs of a particular area of the country.

Philippines is an archipelago. It consists of several islands, (approximately 7,107 islands), and each of this island has a
unique cultures and traditions, bearing different set of native literature.

Ancient literatures were written in a perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo cylinder, and bark of the trees.

 Literatures were handed down to us orally.

There were two literary forms during the pre-colonial period:

A. Written literatures
Examples:

a. Riddles or bugtong. These are effective ways to inculcate the ability of logical thinking of a child.
b. Epigrams or salawikain. It reflects the hidden meaning through the good lines. It provides good values.
c. Poems or tanaga – These are common forms of poetry which has a quatrine with 7 syllables each with the
same rhyme at the end of each line. It also expresses insights and lessons in life.

B. Oral literatures

Examples:

a. Chant. It is used in witchcraft and enchantment. while, ambahan is a traditional poetry of Hanunoo Mangyans of
Oriental Mindoro which teaches lesson about life. It is recited by parents to educate their children by the youth
expressing their love, by the old to impart experiences, or by the community in tribal ceremony.
(slideshare.net/mobile/jessacerbito…)

Page 3

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

b. Balagtasan .This is a Filipino form of debate done in verse. The term is derived from the surname of Francisco Balagtas
the author of Filipino epic Florante at Laura.

2. The Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1897)

Sixteenth Century was the start of the deprivation of the indigenous Philippine literature. Spanish colonial government
finally got in the scene. They were able to manipulate literature by monopolizing it under the religious orders. Literature
revolved mainly on the themes of Spanish/ European culture and of course, the Roman Catholic religion.

Literary Influences during Spanish colonization

a. Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Christiana was the first book ever printed in the Philippines in 1593 by the Dominican
press.

b. Libro de la Lengua Tagala by Fernando Bagongbanta is a tagalog translations to the Spanish lines, still with the
superiority of the Spanish language.

c. Pasyon is influenced by the Spanish contexts of Christianity. At least, they embodied several Filipino sentiments and
values (the feeling of Filipino mother towards a suffering son).

Filipino writers in Spanish became conscious for the search of freedom

a. Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso by Marcelo H. del Pilar expressed his rebellious writing style and was identified.

b. Pascual Poblete’s Patnubay sa Binyagan associated Filipinos’ struggle for independence with Jesus’ life.

c. Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo made a very powerful contributions to the awakening of Filipinos as
it introduce the rejection of Spanish rule. He also influenced the succeeding writers.

d. The narrative poems Awit and Corrido talked about world of royals, warriors, and lovers (the basic concept in Florante
at Laura).

e. Komedya. Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura embodied the concept of colonization and oppression which gave
voice to their revolutionary action towards freedom.

3. The American Colonial Period (1898-1945)

 Philippine literature in Spanish time started to lose its track on the first decade.

 The poems of Fernando Ma. Guerrero (Crisalidas), Balmori’s Se deshojo la Flor novel, and many others discussed
revolution and sentiments for patriotism and reform proved that Philippine literature was used to claim freedom from
the colonizers.

 Even though Philippine literature was in English, the preservation of the content for Filipino experiences was achieved.
 Short story writers in English like Manuel Arguilla in his “A Son is Born,” were one of the foundations of Philippine
literature. Poetry in English was also founded.

 Sarzuela was overpowered by English drama.

4. The Contemporary Period (1946 to present)

This period started during the rebirth of freedom in (1946 to present). The Americans returned in 1945. Filipinos rejoiced
and guerrillas fled to the mountain and joined the liberating American Army. On July 4, 1946, the Philippines regained its
freedom and the Filipino flag waved joyously alone. The chains were broken.

The State of Literature during this Period

The early post – liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and spirit” posed by the sudden
emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.

Page 4

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

a. Heart of The Islands (1947) is a collection of poems by Manuel Viray

b. Philippines Cross Section (1950) is a collection of prose and poetry by Maximo Ramos and Florentino Valeros

c. Prose and Poems (1952) by Nick Joaquin

d. Philippine Writing (1953) by T.D. Agcaoili

e. Philippine Havest by Amador Daguio 7

f. Horizons Least (1967) is a collection of works by the professors of UE, mostly in English (short stories, essays, research
papers, poem, and drama) by Artemio Patacsil and Silverio Baltazar. The themes of most poems dealt with the usual love
of nature, social and political problems. Toribia Maño’s poems showed deep emotional intensity.

g. Who Spoke of Courage in His Sleep by NVM Gonzales

h. Speak Not, Speak Also by Conrado V. Pedroche

i. Other poets were Toribia Maño and Edith L. Tiempo, Jose Garcia Villa’s Have Come, Am Here has won acclaim both
here and abroad.

The New Filipino Literature during this Period

Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in writings dealt with Japanese brutalities,
of the poverty of life under the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits.

a. Period of Activism (1970-1972)

Many young people became activists to ask for change in the government. In the expression of this desire for change,
the writings of some youth who were fueled with nationalism in order to emphasize the importance of their petitions.
(aprilmaynjune.weebly.com)

The Literary Revolution

The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven not only in the bloody demonstrations in
the sidewalk but also in literature. Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic writers
developed awareness for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word
MAKIBAKA (To dare!).

Writings During the Period of Activism

The irreverence for the poor reached its peak during this period of the mass revolution. It was also during this period
that Bomba films started to come out to discredit our ways as Filipinos.

b. Period of the New Society (1972-1980)

The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual
awards. Almost all themes in most writings Dealt with the development and progress of the country – like Green
Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction, and pollution. The New Society tried to stop
pornography and those writings that badly influenced the moral of the people. All school newspapers were temporarily
stopped and so with school organizations.

Filipino Poetry during the Period of the New Society

Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the beauties of nature, and
surroundings.

Page 5

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

The Play under the New Society

The government led in reviving old plays and dramas, like the Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the
Muslims which were presentedin the rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater, and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines.

Radio and Television

Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like Si Matar, Dahlia, Ito Ang Palad Ko, and Mr.
Lonely were the forms of recreation of those without Television.

Filipino Films

A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulang Pilipino (Yearly Filipino Film Festival) was held during this time. During the festival which
lasted usually for a month, only Filipino films were shown in all theaters in Metro Manila.

1. Maynila…Sa Mga Kuko Ng Liwanag was written by Edgardo Reyes and filmed under the direction of Lino Brocka.
Bembol Roco was in the lead role.

2. Minsa’y Isang Gamu-Gamo, Nora Aunor was the lead performer.

3. Ganito Kami Noon…Paano Kayo Ngayon was led by Christopher de Leon and Gloria Diaz.

4. Insiang by Hilda Koronel

5. Aguila was led by Fernando Poe Jr., Jay Ilagan, and Christopher de Leon.

Comics, Magazines and other Publications

In the period of the New Society, newspapers donned new forms.News on economic progress, discipline, culture,
tourism, and the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and robberies.

c. Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started under the New Society, Martial
Law was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.

1. Filipino Poetry – Poems during this period were romantic and revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of criticism against
the government. The supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane, and insulting language.
2. Filipino Songs – Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really True – to – life like those of grief, poverty,
aspirations for freedom, love of God, country, and fellowmen.

Philippine Films during the Period

The yearly Festival of Filipino Films continued to be held during this period. The people’s love for sex films also was
unabated. Below is the table of the list of the Philippine Film during the Third Republic.

Page 6

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

d. Rebirth of Freedom (1986-present)

History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their independence which they lost twenty years
ago. In the span of four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so – called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed.
Together, the people barricaded the streets petitioning the government for changes and reforms.

Newspapers and other Publications

Newspapers, which were once branded crony newspapers, became an instant opposition papers overnight. This was
true of BULLETIN TODAY which became the opposition paper.

Books

The Philippine revolution of 1986 and the fire of its spirit that carried the Filipinos through another epoch in Philippine
history is still being documented just as they have been in the countless millions who participated in body and spirit in
its realization.

Page 7

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

Week 1

ACTIVITY SHEET

NAME:

STRAND:

GRADE & SECTION:

SUBJECT TEACHER:

DATE SUBMITTED:

Pretest

Instructions: Recall what you learned about the literature of the past. Read and answer the following statements. Write
the letter of your answer in yellow paper.

1. What do you called the body of work, either written, oral, or visual, containing imaginative language that realistically
portrays thought, emotions, and experiences of the human condition.
a. Pre-colonial Literature b. Philippine Literature c. Literature d. World Literature
2. What period of time before colonization of a region or territory.
a. Colonial b. Pre-Colonial c. Pre-history d. Post-Colonial
3. What are the two classification of folk literature?
a. Local and Global b. Dynamic and Static c. Flat and Round d. Floating and Oral
4. Which Literatures during pre-colonial period were handed down to us through .
a. word of mouth b. paper and pen c. multimedia
5. Which of the following is true about Philippine pre-colonial texts?
a. Most of the pre-colonial dramas were held in the sambahan or places of worship.
b. They revolve around the illiteracy of early Filipinos.
c. Only the concept of death is used as a subject for narratives.
d. All of the above

Looking Back

Direction: In your notebook, answer the following questions.

1.) Explain in three (3) sentences why literature is considered as the story of man?

2.) How did Philippine Literatures develop from ancient time to present?
Page 8

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

Activity
Activity 1: Fish Bone Graphic Organizer

Direction: Make a graphical timeline in your notebook focusing on how the literatures for each literary period (from
Pre-colonial to Contemporary) proliferated. Write your answer in Yellow Paper

(Note: Limit 5 timelines only and you can have your own graphical design)

Pre-Colonial Spanish Period

American period Contemporary

Activity 2: Lights, Camera Action

Direction: Make A short Video 1- 2 minutes that showed the Philippine films During the third Republic
For Online Class modality send it to google classroom and for module modality send it to google classroom for module.

Rubrics for Activity No. 2

Creativity 25 %
( editing skills, Using Technology,)
Deliviration 25%
( level of Acting)
Content 50%
(relevant to the topics) 100 -total

Assessment
Instructions: Match each statement in Column A with what it describes in Column B. Write the letter of
the answer in yellow paper.

Column A Colum B
1. What do you called the first alphabet which was a. Letter
replaced by Roman Alphabet. b. Alibata
2. Which defines as anything that is printed as long c. Doctrina Christiana
related to ideas etc. d. Webster
3. What is the first book written by Fr. Juan de Placencia. e. Balagtasan
4. What is a Filipino form of debate done in verse. f. Riddles

Page 9

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|30374489

5. What word derived from a Latin term litera g. New Society h. word of mouth
6. Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the i. Awit and Corrido
Muslims were presented in what period? j. Palanca Memorial Award
7. Which Narrative poems talked about world of royals, k. Pasyon
warriors and lovers. l. Spanish Colonial Period
8. What do you called the literature influenced by the m. Literature
Spanish contexts of Christianity, at least they embodied
several Filipino sentiments and values.
9. Literatures handed down to us through what? ---.
10. What do you called to the organization that
continued to recognize the efforts of the Filipino writers.

Page 10

Downloaded by Mischelle Torregosa ([email protected])