CHICAGO CONVENTION OF 1944 BY ICAO

Article 1: Sovereignty - Countries have control over their own airspace.

Article 2: Territory - Airspace includes land, water, and islands belonging to a country.

Article 3: Civil and State Aircraft - Commercial planes follow rules; military/police planes don't, but
must be careful.

Article 5: Right to Non-Scheduled Flight - Aircraft can fly over other countries without permission,
but must follow rules.

Article 6: Scheduled Air Services - Airlines need permission to operate regular flights between
countries.

Article 7: Cabotage - Countries control their airspace and ensure fair competition among airlines.

Article 10: Airworthiness - Aircraft must be airworthy and meet safety standards.

Article 11: Customs and Immigration Procedures - Aircraft must comply with customs and
immigration rules.

Article 12: Rules of the Air - Aircraft must follow international rules for safe flight.

Article 13: Entry and Clearance - Aircraft must follow procedures for entering and leaving a country's
airspace.

Article 16: Search and Rescue - Countries must provide search and rescue services for aircraft in
distress.

Article 22: Facilitation of Formalities - aims to make it easier and faster for aircraft to clear customs
and immigration, get inspected, and complete other formalities when flying between countries.

Article 24: Customs Duty - aircraft and their essential items are not subject to customs duties or
taxes when flying between countries, making international air transport easier and more efficient.

Article 29: Documents Carried in Aircraft:

1. Certificate of registration 2. Certificate of airworthiness

3. License and medical certificate of the pilot 4. Log book

5. Aircraft flight manual 6. Instruments and equipment certificates (e.g., radios, navigation aids)

7. Proof of insurance 8. Any other documents required by the State of registration or overflight.

Article 37: Adoption of International Standards and Procedures - Countries should work together to
make sure their aviation rules and procedures are similar and follow international standards. This
helps ensure safety and efficiency in air travel.

Article 38: Departures from International Standards and Procedures - If a country can't follow an
international standard or procedure, it must notify the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO) about the differences. This helps keep everyone informed and ensures safety in air travel.
ICAO

The aims and objectives of the ICAO are to develop the principles and techniques of

international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international

air transportation.

The aims and objectives of the ICAO are to develop the principles and techniques of

international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international

air transportation to:

• Ensure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation

throughout the globe.

Encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation.

Encourage the development of airways, airports and air navigation facilities.

• Meet the need for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport.

. Prevent waste caused by unnecessary competition.

• Ensure the rights of contracting states are fully respected.

Avoid discrimination between contracting states.

. Promote the safety of flight in international airspace.

Generally, promote all aspects of international civil aviation.

Regional Air Navigation (RAN)

meetings are held periodically to consider the requirements of air operations within specified
geographic areas.

The need for Regional Structure has increasingly become apparent to facilitate:

The planning of facilities and services

The formulation of supplementary procedures

to support increases in air traffic density

New air routes

The introduction of new types of aircraft

 The Personnel Committee

The ICAO maintains seven Regional Offices, each with the responsibility for

nine geographic areas of the globe:

Paris,

Cairo,

Mexico City,

Dakar,

Bangkok, Nairobi and lima

Each regional office is accredited with looking after a group of accredited states, which make

up nine regions, and is responsible for maintaining, encouraging, assisting, expediting and

following up the implementation of air navigation plans. These nine regions are:

Africa-Indian Ocean (AFI) Region

Asia (ASIA) Region

Caribbean (CAR) Region

European (EUR) Region

Middle East (MID) Region

North American (NAM) Region

North Atlantic (NAT) Region

Pacific (PAC) Region

South American (SAM) Region

SARPs (Standards and Recommended Practices) are defined by ICAO as:

Standards:

- "Specifications for physical and material characteristics, configuration, and performance of aircraft,
aircraft engines, and propellers, as well as procedures and methods of test, inspection, and
certification."

- "Specifications for air traffic control, aeronautical information services, and other safety-related
services."

Recommended Practices:

- "Procedures and methods which are recommended for use in the implementation of the
Standards, but which are not mandatory."

- "Specifications for the training of personnel, the operation of aircraft, and the maintenance of
aircraft and air navigation facilities."

SARPs cover various areas, including:

- Airworthiness

- Air traffic control

- Aeronautical information services

- Aircraft operation

- Safety management

- Environmental protection

- Security

SARPs are developed and adopted by ICAO to ensure safety, efficiency, and consistency in
international civil aviation.

Here are the ICAO Annexes, which are standards and recommended practices for international
civil aviation:

- Annex 1: Personnel Licensing

- Annex 2: Rules of the Air

- Annex 3: Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation

- Annex 4: Aeronautical Charts

- Annex 5: Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations

- Annex 6: Operation of Aircraft

- Annex 7: Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks

- Annex 8: Airworthiness of Aircraft

- Annex 9: Facilitation

- Annex 10: Aeronautical Telecommunications

- Annex 11: Air Traffic Services

- Annex 12: Search and Rescue

- Annex 13: Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation

- Annex 14: Aerodromes

- Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Services

- Annex 16: Environmental Protection

- Annex 17: Security

- Annex 18: The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.

ICAO Annex 1: Personnel Licensing covers the following topics:

1. Licenses and Ratings:

- Pilot licenses (private, commercial, airline transport)

- Ratings (single-engine, multi-engine, instrument, type ratings)

2. Medical Requirements:

- Medical certification for pilots

- Medical standards for vision, hearing, and physical health

3. Training and Experience:

- Flight training requirements

- Experience requirements for licenses and ratings

4. License Endorsements:

- Endorsements for specific aircraft types or operations (e.g., instrument flying, night flying)

5. Validation and Conversion:

- Validation of foreign licenses

- Conversion of military licenses to civilian licenses

6. Language Proficiency:

- Language requirements for pilots

7. Age and Medical Fitness:

- Age limits for pilots

- Medical fitness requirements

8. License Renewal and Revalidation:

- Requirements for renewing and revalidating licenses

ICAO Annex 2: Rules of the Air covers the following topics:

1. General Rules:

- Definitions and applicability

- Responsibility of pilots and operators

2. Flight Rules:

- Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

- Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

- Special VFR procedures

3. Airspace Rules:

- Classification of airspace (Class A, B, C, D, E, F, G)

- Airspace boundaries and restrictions

4. Aircraft Speed Limits:

- Maximum speeds for different classes of airspace

5. Altitude Rules:

- Minimum and maximum altitudes for various airspace classes

6. Right-of-Way Rules:

- Procedures for avoiding collisions

7. Aircraft Lights and Shapes:

- Requirements for navigation lights, beacon lights, and shape markings

8. Signals:

- Visual and radio signals for communication and warning

9. Interception Procedures:

- Procedures for intercepting and escorting aircraft

10. Emergency Procedures:

- Procedures for declaring emergencies and responding to distress signals.