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    Annova RM Pulc

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Annova RM Pulc

    Uploaded by

    agcapdvur
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    Original Title

    ANNOVA___RM__PULC (2)

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    Annova RM Pulc

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    of 4

    ANNOVA

    Maria Roy Felix J


    Mobile:+919884650147, email:[email protected]
    PULC- Loyola College, Chennai - 600034

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    ANNOVA test:

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    AN OV A, which stands for Analysis of Variance, is a statistical test used to

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    analyze the difference between the means of more than two groups.
    A one-way ANOVA uses one independent variable, while a two-way ANOVA

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    uses two independent variables.
    Use a one-way ANOVA when you have collected data about one categorical
    independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable. The independent
    variable should have at least three levels (i.e. at least three different groups or
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    categories).
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    ANOVA tells you if the dependent variable changes according to the level of
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    the independent variable.


    For example:
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    • Your independent variable is social media use, and you assign groups to
    low, medium, and high levels of social media use to find out if there is a
    difference in hours of sleep per night.
    • Your independent variable is brand of soda, and you collect data on Coke,
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    Pepsi, Sprite, and Fanta to find out if there is a difference in the price per
    100ml.
    Note:
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    The null hypothesis (H0 ) of ANOVA is that there is no difference among


    group means. The alternative hypothesis (H1 ) is that at least one group differs
    significantly from the overall mean of the dependent variable.

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    • T = Sum of all sample items.

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    • Ti = Sum of all samples items for source i.

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    • N = Total number of items.
    • k = Total number of items of each source i.
    • df1 = Degree of Freedom between groups.

    • df2 = Degree of Freedom within errors. C


    l a
    Example:
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    Three different techniques namely medication, exercises and special diet are
    randomly assigned to (individuals diagnosed with high blood pressure) lower the
    blood pressure. After four weeks the reduction in each person’s blood pressure
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    is recorded. Test at 5 % level, whether there is significant difference in mean


    reduction of blood pressure among the three techniques.
    Medication 10 12 9 15 13
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    Exercise 6 8 3 0 2
    Diet 5 9 12 8 4
    Solution:
    Let A be the entries of Medication, B be the entries of Exercise and C be the
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    entries of Diet.
    ΣA = 10 + 12 + 9 + 15 + 13 = 59
    ΣB = 6 + 8 + 3 + 0 + 2 = 19
    ΣC = 5 + 9 + 12 + 8 + 4 = 38
    T = sum of all the sample items = 59 + 19 + 38 = 116
    N = Total number of items in all the samples = 5 + 5 + 5 = 15
    T2 1162
    Correction Factor = = = 897.06
    N 15
    Sum of squares of observation:
    ΣX 2 = 102 + 122 + 92 + ... + 82 + 42 = 1162

    T2
    Sum of Squares of deviation Q = ΣX 2 − = 1162 − 897.06 = 264.94
    N

    2
    2
    (ΣA)
    Sum of squares of deviation for variance between the samples QT = +
    N1
    2 2
    (ΣB) (ΣC) T2
    + −
    N2 N3 N
    592 192 382
    = + + − 264.94 = 1057.2 − 897.06 = 160.14
    5 5 5

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    As F = 9.17 > f0.05 (2, 12) = 3.8853, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence, we
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    conclude that there exists significant difference in the reduction of the average
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    blood pressure in atleast one pair of techniques.
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    Partial and Multiple Correlation:


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    Partial Correlation:

    If r12.3 denote the correlation of X1 and X2 by eliminating the effect of X3 .


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    Let r12 be the simple correlation between X1 and X2 .


    Let r13 be the simple correlation between X1 and X3 .
    Let r23 be the simple correlation between X2 and X3 .
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    The formulae for them are


    r12 − r13 r23
    r12.3 p 2 )(1 − r 2 )
    (1 − r13 23

    r13 − r12 r32


    r13.2 p 2 )(1 − r 2 )
    (1 − r12 32

    r23 − r21 r13


    r32.1 p 2 )(1 − r 2 )
    (1 − r21 13

    3
    Multiple Correlation:

    s
    2 2
    r12 + r13 − 2r12 r13 r23
    R1.23 = 2
    1 − r23
    s
    2 2
    r21 + r23 − 2r21 r23 r13
    R2.13 = 2
    1 − r13

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    s
    2 2
    r31 + r32 − 2r31 r32 r12
    R3.12 = 2
    1 − r12

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