Linux, day 3

1
Objectives covered
Objective Summary Book
2.5 File permissions 15
3.1 Common scripting utilities 4
3.3 Git operations 27
3.4 Advanced Git operations 27

4
LAB: Files and directories

37
Command hints
sudo Switch User and DO
mkdir MaKe DIRectory
nano Friendly editor
vi Less-than-friendly editor
cp CoPy
rm ReMove
man MANual (documentation)

38
Assignment
• Create two new directory trees:
– "~/staff/files" and "~/dummies/files"
• Use "nano" or "vi" to put some text into:
– ~/staff/files/staff-demo.txt
– ~/dummies/files/dummy-demo.txt
• Move:
– ~/staff/ to /home/staff/
– ~/dummies to /home/dummies
39
Spoilers
$ cd ~
$ mkdir -p staff/files dummies/files
$ vi staff/files/staff-demo.txt
$ vi dummies/files/dummies-demo.txt
$ sudo mv staff /home/
$ sudo mv dummies /home/

40
LAB: File permissions

60
Command hints
chmod CHange MODe
chown CHange OWNer
chgrp CHange GRouP

61
Assignment
• /home/staff and contents should have group "staff".
– New files should automatically get group "staff".
– Files should only be deletable by their creator.
– Group "staff" should have full rights on all contents.

• Apply similarly for "dummies" on /home/dummies.

62
Spoilers
$ sudo chgrp -R staff /home/staff
$ sudo chown -R opsuser /home/staff

$ sudo chmod g+s /home/staff /home/staff/files

$ sudo chmod +t /home/staff /home/staff/files
$ sudo chmod g+rwx /home/staff /home/staff/files

63
Spoilers
$ sudo chgrp -R dummies /home/dummies
$ sudo chown -R dummy1 /home/dummies

$ sudo chmod g+s /home/dummies /home/dummies/files

$ sudo chmod +t /home/dummies /home/dummies/files
$ sudo chmod g+rwx /home/dummies /home/dummies/files

64
LAB: Git

99
What's the point again?
• Companies want teams to cooperate.
– They will work on the same code.
– When code is ready for release,
– The central copy will be pushed to production.

100
Your own, "remote" repo
• We now have two VMs.
– And we can SSH from Fedora to the other.

• Let’s make the Ubuntu VM our Git server.

– So we can code on Fedora,
– And push updates to the server.

101
Setting up the server
• On the Ubuntu VM, make user account "git".
– With homedir "/home/git".
– And a password you won’t mind typing.

• Test that you can SSH from Fedora,

– To the user "git" on the new VM.

102
Making a repo
• On the Ubuntu VM, login as user "git".
– Configure their name and email (slide 70).

• Make the dir "/home/git/firstrepo".

• "cd" into "firstrepo" and init a Git repo.
– Use: "git init --bare"!!
• See: Bare vs non-bare repositories
103
Cloning the repo
• On the Fedora VM, login as yourself.
• "cd" into your Documents folder.
• Clone the repository from the new VM:
$ git clone ssh://git@ubuntu:/home/git/firstrepo

104
Making a change
• On the Fedora VM, "cd" into the Git repo.
• Make a new file and commit the change.
• Then "git push" the update.

105
Comparing
• Compare the contents of:
– The cloned git repo on your Fedora box.
– The bare repo on the Ubuntu VM.
– "git log" on the two repository locations.

• Research question: where are the files on Ubuntu?!

106
Co-working
• On the Fedora VM, login as user “dummy”.
• "cd" into your Documents folder.
• Clone the repository from the new VM:
$ git clone ssh://git@ubuntu:/home/git/firstrepo

107
Co-working
• Do you see the file(s) you just pushed?
• Now make another file, as dummy.
• Commit and push it.

• Then switch back to your own account.

• And “git pull”. Does the changed file show up?

108
Spoilers - on Ubuntu
• With your own account …

$ sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash git

$ sudo passwd git

$ su - git

109
Spoilers - on Ubuntu
• You are now the “git user”…

$ git config --global user.name "Git"

$ git config --global user.email "git@ubuntu"

$ mkdir firstrepo; cd firstrepo

$ git init --bare
$ exit

110
Spoilers - on Fedora
• With your own account.

$ cd ~/Documents

$ git clone ssh://git@ubuntu:/home/git/firstrepo

$ cd firstrepo

111
Spoilers - on Fedora
• With your own account.

$ echo "Hoi." > readme.txt

$ git add readme.txt
$ git commit -m "My first file."
$ git push

$ su - dummy

112
Spoilers - on Fedora
• Now you are user "dummy".

$ git config --global user.name "Dummy"

$ git config --global user.email "dummy@fedora"

$ git clone ssh://git@ubuntu:/home/git/firstrepo

$ cd firstrepo

113
Spoilers - on Fedora
• You are still user "dummy".

$ echo "Dummy wrote this." > dummy.txt

$ git add dummy.txt
$ git commit -m "Dummy file."
$ git push

$ exit

114
Spoilers - on Fedora
• You are now using your own account again.

$ cd ~/Documents/firstrepo

$ git pull

$ ls -al
$ cat dummy.txt

115
Closing

117
Homework
• Reading:
– Chapter 4
– Chapter 25

119
Homework
• Go do:
– Download the free book "Pro Git".
– Complete the "Git" lab.
– Make a directory "~/Scripts" for your account.
• Make it a Git repository.
• We will use this for our scripts next week.

120
Reference materials

122
Resources
• Linux file paths
• FHS on Wikipedia
• Identifying file types in Linux
• Graphical vi cheatsheet
• Vim Adventures! (game to practice hotkeys)
• Nano cheatsheet

123
Resources
• Git internals
• Free book: Pro Git
• Intro to Git for security professionals
• Bare vs non-bare repositories
• Stop making shell aliases for SSH!

124