JN-

daBa Stuchuje_fo stosire

itionaY: A
DRetonas Afckionan
A dicUDnany i henejal pupoze
a

a vup objeet.

each lees ha a Ggle actoaled

A A dicnany ha a tel aj lCer ard

ollue. whese k
i a colleckiano paikp he fosn (5,v)
A A diiondey
Value asousde i he ley
V i he
he tey md
haue t h e
eme Le
dicioan
ND two naic in a

drfeient presGm
aleo callad hov,map
xA deAlon any

numbeu
hudent se cor d epeleayed as a didonan oith roll
Exomple
nomes
aValue
eir
Cnd

o1," avi"), ( to " Royu )}.

Chetion Anat port
ottioc dala
ctaukune
breAonanfon

pe cdhon

iintest(t,v)
.he dAjomon
tert he po

Seach(k)
) wh the iva y
-etunt he yalue caled
it) delese tk)
- dolelel he a th Ve

setuo whe it u emsy.

ze )
seturn he uo. of pau in the d'ckinGy

dfebon an, he Eey value pair

pa
does nt cxitt in the
h e ler
the
extz, be.
exdz,
coner pordo Noalue
inte-dih lty alicody
wh he-v eu ONe2
ic-ovelwstten

pemelaton P Detionrea

implenent he dieAmomeI in ha followng wayr.

Me con

i)iney litt «eprelentodion

Eip t erelatcdion.

oskin
in ec i Peprelenlaho

ncet delele Seach

on)
o (o) o Cn)
o)
(n)
Soled

DCn)
Uniclec
 andomizeo dala stuctue (use rorcdorr
) Svip litt : A siplist t o

ctuchure)
Contnuul- tha dada
to
Coinp
eleme
Soded delemert
SoHed d d
ed to store a
Stiptkt t talled
Hat ittoky
everal elementz ef the l E
t cp
spt
Nercge
Leaich me ir OClogn)
ist
exlended Vef6o o ha linked mclude
hcluode
t on leves
the leo)
pae,he
ncluder all paie,
he level o
for and lewd
lovd
includer ewe fouth pa
ery Cecord par, lecel a

includer inel even O

pai
 Hashi
ahin a a dala stuchue
IE on implemen tahon of dfcdonoie
domain f Cey yaluey ntu
oshiny a teohrigue to place
a
larne
lable. and the locoion f colulaled
he hash
Spedfc locadion in
hath funcdion
usnghe
Fom h e Key valueitsel
f Ond delelin i (ol)
heime Complexity du eadhig, inies

>Houh toble
t an
Ovay o Some cneed
se Condaioing he Ce.
houh toHe called o Cbt/tobe
»Cash posion o/ a
> oh durclion
and the tlot uhase that lom
T5e mag behseen item (tey) On
Temaq
he hash Lable &talled ouh esunc/on
belon in
Hate item fn the collecuoy and etun
The hauh -funcion any

stoE namer betwey 0 and m4). where

Gn ntege in the fa-ge Q

6te
he hosh lable
pe hoah -funckion
mothodedirder metkod
. d u l o diritioo

. foldie mehoc

Mi sayuaIe molhd
3
Hcahia
a dalg stuchue.

on implementohon o dtelooriey
yaluest
techoque to plare a lage domain af Cey
ashin
oubing k a
i oleulaled
lable ond th e lo cothon
Specfc locaho n the hauh
funclion
om he oy value lcll ung he hoth
f (cC).
ond deletir
hen Comlexity fu ocuchi, iner
>Hah table
an
GHay 9| Some fe ed « j e Contaning Ca
he lcept.
ti
o ot/tahe
hoh taHe called
Cah poon pl a

loh Junclion:
Cn itemCtey) and he slot whese that lom
The ma
Thmangbehsen

a ealled)ah esuncUon
in h a hah Labla
belor
belong
în the collecio) and setuin
Hake any item
1he hath -fncio ti whee
namee betweer
betuee) m4). wheie
and (m-).
0 gnd
StoE
he fange
n nteged in

4he hoh laye sge,

o
per9 hah funekion
melhoe
methadem dirder
division
Modulo

oldine methoc,

Mi suare me-th
 it by he
t he

Latas an iten and divide

bit mehnd
Modulo diviton method
airdel a it hash value
ze, fetunirb e m
ohe
o h(ta) =
tay/m
h('tom) idon, table.
he Sae o
he hah
toheve .
Ore 6, 13, , 79 and
tha fet integeu
ExOmle; Sugpore,
S
ah ta Sze =

hto)e /Sre
3 0sbt bucket hla6) 26/s= 1

h(1393/c=3
v a l u y

1 ht9)-1T/S =
3 93 h(29)-99/r= f
h (3o)3o/S= 0

oah oble
e (tan)
ikem (ta)
Hese he hah cfunekon begint by dfvidig
. folding Medad: oeaual -S2e)
piecer (the la piece may nDeba
fnto e9ua ge hath volue.
-» five hae vesuttig
are then odded toReher
There pecer
966sT4U4

for exorople:
the Ce
t nto rou o
e aboue
Dividing
99664|u 3
to <lo&.hen
to
astume haB -he
hah tade har
we

dfvi kio) madhoc

cutp
pevi)

t Phdex iscfored
 mid s9uare method, toe fit square Ih
he
square metkod. ?n
3. i ddit
gt(i.e ddle porlier)
(i.e tiddle porie)
of h teulting
Ley and
Lem) extraet Gome porion

il ha kay î u.
Jo exar le
(44)1936
diitt ie 93 un peefom he
E eabackie, lhe middletwo
e 37. td= 3
Mbdulo divi&on

haah lunckob
x Characdeiut o gevd
to Compude
Should e yey eaty anc qur
. hefun clior hould Ve
dfrtibve he lteyte t4
shbuld unfoomly
a Tefuntio vales
two dif/eent ken values
wo d}fesent di'ces

Load fackoy
elemerts inces led în hath lable (N)
he soio o henumber of
i caled load -Jortor
leod -Jactor .

Size of he hathabla- (M)

the tola
Load f a t o v =

M.
 mofe düdinCE e(oid (eus) Ofe
IE& debne a when tuoo o
ColRson:
addiesr.
to the me
plhysa
maped tethniquet methodt,
colfion
toltkon
setoluhon
s etoluho techni9ue! n

*Tosesotve
collftiont we ule

lechnique
Colliéion seesluhoo follocoa
re claceyhad as

sesuluhon techniquet
Collsioo
Colioo Kecoluhor) iechniguel

eloxe hothigopen addestig

open Haihig
Linea prnbin
Sepoiade Chainig uadierie o b
oubleaking
table
make a cell bucket o hauh
Chaining: 5& ued to
Serade function value.
t yecoidr thak have. Some
ponto ainked

example! 10, 22, 30, 42, to,

30

2/10= 2

42. 10=
o. 0 O
Advonla9e!
I Snle to implement
a
manty element ai we wont
a t h table never -il.
co uoe an nEer t

0) ftn.ceting ( add nde fiust)

DRi oduontoqe
hauh toble neve uted)
latage pace (Some paut
Seoch tme O n ) în wdsct core
e cka become! DnS, th
Unbe.
Dce eio pore fa

n ecyseaichfa next cbt, typi

. Linea probing: n nea probng ve

two pmber t .
8ap bekuicey
tabe.
hC)-67.m Size pl he hath

h,e41)= (ht) -J0))/,m

J ) - i , = 2,2

23, 20, 3S, 36.

exple 10, , 0,
hto)= 18,1D= O

0 tolliio
h (o) o,
t0=

20 110- collo
ho,) ={6o10)+1), 10
710
h20,3)= o10)12) 10
3 33

430
h2) 3 103
3
h20) 3D10 0 Colliei
36 ro= 1/10=I Collifion
h20,1)= (267 16)41)
3 Collsb
Collfo
h(30,3) 10)42)/10=10= coll fay
6o)
10 2 call
h302)- (30/.0)+2)/10
 h(30,4)-(3t/.10)+4) 10 =
4 1D =4
3s)= 3 / o =S
6
(&6) 367 to

Adyodoq uied.
No extra Space îu

Diodvante
Seach time D(d)
beleioo R dPlhcut

oblem olk primay eluslerirg mGn

Psmay clulerg:"he man
ma me to fno o-kee
it Aakel
elemert foom roupt amd
contecudiye
an element.
Clot o to leai ch
uadiabe probing In Quadiai probi-a, Rncteod o u o Conttont tttp ralu
eue a hath . Junelion h at hovemends he-hah adua by t 4, 9 6

Let he pavb-funclion fo a value be jen by heJuncion

E,3..
hCLoy)= (tenm+ 1)/n
62.
Example: t6, 91, 33, 1E, 39, 36 1/d =
a
ha (36,) =(341.10)+
hu)-42 1o-2 =0
o 36
hC16)=16/10=6
hg(363)-6/0)+7p
h6a) 62/10 =
y
hG)= 7 to = 3x
42
-

3 33 hC33) 33/l0 =3 (62,1)=(e-/

19)t19] 10 =

hg
19 *>){1o =6
( 6 , ) (6-/
u h =I x
6 h23)- a . 10=9 ( 6 , 3 ) - ( 6 / 1 0 ) 4 3 ) 7 1 o

7 ,29 hq
1
h(36)= 36/10= 6 =((62/10)4 42}10
= 8

ha (62, 4)

Ddvanta
No exba Spate
onan cluttesrg setblyed

Seme ppb
Dedvandeg o cCunt t o o ltee
have the
Cetondaw clutlein
cOme lotcechon
ha to be
wteo heu
Seauente

fndir clot
No 9uaronlee
e u l6, 91, 33 16, 9, 36, 32
Double }aukhi
Doile ha:hing a (olfsom detolvirgtechnique n opey oddieceo
h e fdea of apringr a
eond hath -Junelioo-to lo
hah taHe ttueu

tohen CollGo

(hCtey)+irh(lop),.

Loheie h (rey)ey/.9
,Cte)ptime-eeyl. pame)
thGo m andi= 0, ,,3.
uhe pome P SmalleY

elemeot tue double hahg

Exomle.ntet the Jolowir
m= 0, poime= a.
0, , 20 23, 30, 3s, 36,
7.10>(0-+0)). to 07.10-o
hCtb)=(to/.to +0 (9-10/.9)
172))), 1o > (t+6)7. 1 /l0 =1
to
o10
h 1 ) u ,16 +Ox (9-
)/jo>040)/1d
O colio
hoo) bo/ lo + O»(9-e/,a
3 23
0 4 11/10 =>1 Co l btor
(->o/5))/10
ho) b/104 1> 2
20
(9-0/3))/r0 (0+a1)/10
b ) = o /1o +a»
=3
»(9-28/2))}10 3+0)%1o
h3)=(3/10 +D
(9-3o/a))/0Dt0)%
10=o Colliko
9 3 (30/ 1o+0r
h30) =

ot0»s)/10= S,1o=s
bl3))}1o>
hz0)=30/ 10+ 01»(9-2 = S Collko-
2s/))/10->St0)710
s}1o
Ora-
hl3)= 3s/d+ 10-olliki
)101 /
1»(9-1s/h))10
h31)- (ix/t0+ ))10->S+u)/D= 19/
(9-1sh)}1o=
h3s)-(3s/t0 42 9
6/10 = 6 t
10-
(9-36/h)}10-6-10)).

h36)36/10 + Dr
Advonton
o etia pace

Alo im Oy cluuderi
Cecondarg clutdevg

cate.
clo) fn toott
Ceach me f
Pchashing:
Rehahinq 1 colleclioo vesoluion lechnique.

lola ir sezed, i.e. he

ze e
ehauhina a lechnigue în ohich he
lt is prejeiabla tha he tol
2e
n d oble.
double br Crecing
a
table
ave uionin which he vehathiny
oaba i pome numbet."heve

bered
he loadocto
cach additio) pl o neuw erty to -he map, chec
0 95 not
t e-dbned Nalue (o da/ault value
veadel ha
giuen), Jher ehat.
mak i he
reviou Sze ard
make a neud amay e dauble -the
Forvehath,

heu buetek aTroL

buttek awa ond call the incestc)
toveue -o each elemonE n Jhe od
he
intest into he neud lager buckel ama
a to
for ench so

-fho old Lahe he

to n
entiet
have to lranefef
ISuch tuahonL , we
hoh fune lions,
the po6Uont urg
6e Conpuing
Lole by
39,10, , a , 12,49 and 8
he element
hove to intest
Conti der we
Kinciont
ze i Ib and l ule. hah
Giueo Lahye

he)ke.dze.

39 10- 7 19. 10

ST10
 to insest more element coltsone
lbo table i almoxt ful ond i oe ty
ncertiont uwill dai,ente
we
till Teho
ocur Gnd evertuallky uher
tll should
table S2e sae h on
01o hen we
we
Should
he tale ize. e o
elboabtinq betonmes 0 , ut do í not a ime
ome
table, hal
saefa new neu hoth
dasle table Sze a 3. and
male he
we will pvefer u
number

fune o
uil) be

49 33= 3
397231

3 9
2. 3 22

1323 1
accomedabe new rceydion,
lage to
he hah table fidenr
lyu
 Exendblelac It it a dynomc haih mehod toheie i dietorie
to haih dada. It on Jloy?blu mebed kh
Ond buket Oie uwec
he bah Juntklon allo eapeen ce dynomi e ChonGe

Bacc chruuture eyen dible bohin.

Aod deth
Cob -
derh
Dato

dieotorer Dola
ueer dede p09

Tevm in Eytendla ahi

thece Conlained stre pnkessto butéet. cath diectoy

.DReetoics
wkdh may chorga each Ame. tehen espon Son-/altes lace.
Ruen a unigue Y
hahed Eey. Dieetedes nt do bueket. buctot
A
.Rutkek 7hy ctoe he
to defth lece hon
thy
Contoo moie thon e ptinle( to Tt
he gltbo derh
attodelod uilh he i cedoses.Iht denele he nimbeí ef bt
GIbal delh: E i
whh a ui by he ha funeioy to caloseio e.he le Globa deplh =

lumbe( of t dutetus nd,

hat e Calbho desh exeept jo 4elott
. tod dogh: N he Cone
a
uth he buclete and not -e doectoo
hat ed depth ic altodod
Lpcal dept aluwaye lec thes o e - o he Gtbal depth
Example }ath Ahe Jollusng elemel u exlerdible -"in g

6, 4, 6 , 94, 0, 31, 7, 1, 20, 26.

ucke 2 3
Suppoee the oba) dendh « X. then-he tlath funekoo yetu
Nah Junekion:

>irdibnGy lom of each qiven humbe

6 - tCDOD

7 DON
- DO110 9bj0o0

411ooD Q6- 11O10

0 OID I0
it always t. thut, he hathing-fom
and loa-derth
IAally, he olobal- defth

& The hoth

Tncest 16:
he bin@nf feaat of 16 lco6D and Global deth
15 mappo) to he dyecton
Junebon tetuar 1 L 0 0Go ohch ir d.

id

6(h0) hGuc n he E . lleote dhen

E6: Ruth 4(t6o) Cnd
hseit 4
hcched a!folloo
ntest 2
P
he binOy bum c 29 oD- He R t O. he buctot poinled

by diyetoyy ad cod, Jul. -Ilenee oveidlow o ((uic

-overlow
T 6

depth h e bucket qitt ond dijectoy exponsio

Snteloal derth 9tobal buc ket
tet
in he Over/lowngbuc
beu psecent
ake place. alto, sehakig ol tum
e E t . ond, sine the globo) depth e mcsemeatl By 1,
ales place alle
nou Tehothed to.D.t
n c e 16 4, 6,221 Aje
to,he globa) derth
2>10U0).
t6(1oucO), 4 (16D), 6(0),
ale buc tot spli ard diiectonj exponSic)
T batt et which wa undefloa
Rut nce
ho emcined umtuched.
Ihe nunbe ol diectoxes hai doub ,
have dilectore Ol an
we no
cCme buckd
1povi-to he

ond o(1010) COn be holhed boted on

hcest 9u 10 d0o)
ente no OU Jloy.
diteckoyes tuth 1
n e t 37 9: All ! hece elemert 31 (11U), 7('U), 9(1001)

houe lher ot o in he Un. en ce hey Ae mapped o

t. toe dontencoundy
Ahe
he buct ot
buctet poinled od by co1 ond
oveloo

37 2
dada elemest 2o (1 b160) uil couie the averJlouw.
nteit ao; InCeskjo) of
o0elotd

o0. Sinte. 4he lod deph oj be

ek poinla) od b
20 % nccided buet
m

dijectony expoc (doudling)-laket place along

buetl toba deh,
o ovee/lounbuttot O
e l e m e t t psesent
uth buct e
se hathad tilh the new gtoba derth.
16 24 T
sptie

ot

11
nce 96 Globol dethis 3 3 L (116to )e Conideed, Theegote
in he budtot po inded db dijecdony O10
best it

00
D Ovedlod

by Lkep7eaa, arca
butket ovedlous aol t die
no
deph Cea),
dheceoe ave
no
depthbuketGlobo
a elemeydt are Tcharled
i E ard
doublea bd onr he butle
i doubled
i t enunmbe
Gy
Finallhe olp hahin -he

oll
uuketr

Oo
O

Nunbesah Complu-d
Thus
Advanto8
a d a Beldeval lesr, erpenkve(indemt L Comfut
Dada- lost nte -heoiag Capa
* lo
No poblem A

tieateS dpamitak.
chougee n hashikp efunekion attvdald otd
h dyrom'e
aEneud hoxh unci
Valuer Oe dehauhed