In order for you to become proficient and Remember that a narrative involves six

fluent in using English language, it is essential elements – characters, setting, plot, theme,
that you should develop five macro skills conflict, and point of view.
namely, Reading, Writing, Listening,
Speaking, and Viewing.

In this course, we will be focusing on the first You relate a sequence of events which reveals
two macro skills mentioned hereof- Reading something of important.
and Writing.
A concluding statement that emphasizes the
For today we will discuss patterns of main point of your narrative is very important
development in writing. to make sure that your readers understand the
purpose of telling the story.
Patterns of development are methods of
organization that writers use to organize their Description
ideas about a topic.
Description is writing by painting a word
In other words, the patterns helps you follow picture of person, place, animal or thing
ideas easily and understand a text better. through sensory details to create a clear and
vivid impression of the topic.

Let your readers see what you see, hear what

In this lesson, you should be able to: you hear, smell what you smell, taste what you
taste and feel what you feel.
1. identify the characteristics of each patterns
of development in writing; A vivid description highlights the one feature
that most stands out about the topic which is
2. apply the different techniques, strategies, or the so-called dominant impression
methods of writing; and
This becomes the topic sentence of the
3. create a full-blown essay using the different paragraph and will guide you in choosing your
patterns of development in writing. supporting details which can be 'objective' or
‘subjective'.
Narration
Objective details are your factual observation
It is a pattern of writing that tells a story of an (what you see, hear and touch) on the subject
event or an experience. A narrative paragraph based on its physical attributes.
usually follows a chronological order.
Subjective details are your feelings or
The most effective narratives do not just have opinions about what you are observing.
vividness, consistency, and significance; they
are those which continuously pique the Details in a descriptive paragraph are normally
reader’s curiosity, tickle one’s imagination, arranged in spatial order. To end a descriptive
and leave an indelible mark in the reader’s paragraph, the concluding statement must
memory reinforce the focus of your description and the
general impression you want your reader to
Some examples of narration are as follows: put in mind.
short story, novel, biography, autobiography,
news stories, legends, epics, myths, fables, and
folktales.
Comparison and Contrast
Comparison shows the similarities and Classification is another type of paragraph
contrast tells differences among subjects- development that involves sorting of items
people, objects, places, animals, situations or (people, things, ideas) into categories.
ideas.
The topic sentence of a classification
Both subjects to be compared and contrasted paragraph states the topic being classified and
have to be identified clearly as you write the how it is being classified. Each of the
topic sentence, and need to have enough in categories must differ from each other with
common as basis of comparison. In other distinct information which will be sorted
words, the same points are used to compare accordingly. Supporting details are examples
and contrast your two subjects. of the categories into which the topic has been
sorted. Chronological, Spatial and Climactic
orders may be used for this type of paragraph.

Cause and effect

Cause and effect paragraphs are written to help

your readers understand why something
happened or is happening, and how one thing
affects something else.

A cause is what made an event or particular

thing happen.

An effect is what happens as a result of the Problem- solution

event.
Problem-solution is a type of writing that
A cause-and-effect paragraph explains either identifies a problem and proposes solutions,
the causes of a situation or event, or the effects and persuades your readers that the problem
of it, but does both in the same piece of has to be addressed.
writing. Details are usually arranged in
climactic order- for example, from least to Your problem- solution essay begins by
most important. identifying the problem to your reader and by
conveying to them the importance of solving
the problem. Inform them about the problem.
Evidences must be presented in the body part
Definition of the essay to show the existence of the
problem. Then persuade them that a possible
Definition tells what a word means to have a solution must be done.
clear understanding of any word especially
technical words, slang and specialized words In the concluding part, your readers must be
used in the paragraph. A definition paragraph reminded of the problem and the solution
includes the three components of a formal
definition which are term to be defined, the
general class to which the term belongs, and
the characteristics that make the term different Persuasion
from all other terms in that class.
Persuasion is writing that takes a stand on an
issue and also examines opposing viewpoints.
Evidences to support your position about an
Classification idea or issue must be presented to convince
your readers.
Your evidences must include the following:
statement of facts, statement of opinion,
statistics, and first-hand experience and
observations. A forceful statement that briefly
acknowledges your opposition, restates your
position, reinforces your reason for your
position, calls to action or states a prediction
can conclude your persuasive paragraph.

Activity :

What is your favorite story? List at least three

(3) reasons why you consider that story your
favorite. Think of how you can persuade your
classmates to read, and at the very least, like it
as well. Retell the story as if you are the author
him/herself. Let your imagination guide you in
your retellin.