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Chapter 5

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42 views6 pages

Chapter 5

Uploaded by

newarroman25
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5.

Web applications:
5.1 Content Manaagement system

A content management system (CMS) is an application that is used to manage web content,
allowing multiple contributors to create, edit and publish. Content in a CMS is typically stored in
a database and displayed in a presentation layer based on a set of templates.
The following are the basic features of a CMS:

 Content creation (allows users to easily create and format content)


 Content storage (stores content in one place, in a consistent fashion)
 Workflow management (assigns privileges and responsibilities based on roles such as
authors, editors and admins)
 Publishing (organizes and pushes content live)
A content management system (CMS) typically has two major components:

 A content management application (CMA), as the front-end user interface that allows a
user, even with limited expertise, to add, modify, and remove content from a website
without the intervention of a webmaster;
 A content delivery application (CDA) that compiles the content and updates the website.
CMS Examples
While there are hundreds of CMS platforms, some of the more popular ones are listed below:

 Drupal  Squarespace
 Joomla  Wix
 Magento  Weebly
 ModX  Wordpress

WordPress is the best example of a popular content management system. While there are certainly
other content management systems in existence, WordPress maintains over a 35.2% market share
on websites with a known content management system.

5.2 Web application Framework


A web framework (WF) or web application framework (WAF) is a software framework that is
designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web resources,
and web APIs.
Web frameworks provide a standard way to build and deploy web applications on the World Wide
Web. Web frameworks aim to automate the overhead associated with common activities
performed in web development.
For example, many web frameworks provide libraries for database access, templating
frameworks, and session management, and they often promote code reuse. Although they often
target development of dynamic web sites, they are also applicable to static websites.
Most web frameworks are based on the model–view–controller (MVC) pattern.

Model–view–controller (MVC)
Many frameworks follow the MVC architectural pattern to separate the data model with business
rules from the user interface. This is generally considered a good practice as it modularizes code,
promotes code reuse, and allows multiple interfaces to be applied. In web applications, this permits
different views to be presented, such as web pages for humans, and web service interfaces for
remote application.
Web frameworks must function according to the architectural rules of browsers and web protocols
such as HTTP, which is stateless. Webpages are served up by a server and can then be modified
by the browser using JavaScript. Either approach has its advantages and disadvantages.
Server-side page changes typically require that the page be refreshed, but allow any language to
be used and more computing power to be utilized. Client-side changes allow the page to be
updated in small chunks which feels like a desktop application, but are limited to JavaScript and
run in the user's browser, which may have limited computing power. Some mix of the two is
typically used.[18] Applications which make heavy use of JavaScript are called single-page
applications and typically make use of a client-side JavaScript web framework to organize the
code.

Examples:
Server Side: Client Side:
ASP.NET Core ReactJS
CakePHP Vue.js
Django AngularJS
Laravel Backbone.js
Common web framework functionality
Frameworks provide functionality in their code or through extensions to perform common
operations required to run web applications. These common operations include:

 Web template system


 Web services
 Web resources
 RL routing
 Input form handling and validation
 HTML, XML, JSON, and other output formats with a templating engine
 Database connection configuration and persistent data manipulation through an object-
relational mapper (ORM)
 Web security against Cross-site request forgery (CSRF), SQL Injection, Cross-site
Scripting (XSS) and other common malicious attacks
 Session storage and retrieval

Pros and cons of web framework:


Pros:
1. Faster Development & Prototyping:
2. Responsive By Default: These frameworks are responsive by default, the grid system
that they come with because they use mobile first approach so they look good on mobile
devices. So you usually don't have to write a lot of media queries for responsiveness.
3. Browser Compatibility:
4. Familiar To Other Developers: Basically most of the developers are aware of the core
classes of a popular UI framework like bootstrap. So it's easier to work on with a team.
5. Javascript Widgets/Plugins: Javascript widgets & plugins like modal, carousels,
accordions etc. are available.
6. Documentation & Support: Most of the documentation of these frameworks, is really
good and it has some really good examples and a lot of times you can just copy and paste
and change it to your liking.
Cons:
1. Less Customization: If you want your website to really different, you probably have to
create your own UI and write your own custom CSS and you can't do it easily while
using a framework.
2. Many sites look the same: If you don't customize it enough, then yes. You can easily
spot a bootstrap site if you are just using all the default classes with all the default colors
3. Lots of overriding styles:
4. Dependence of jQuery for certain things: These frameworks have some dependence on
jQuery for certain things like modals, carousels etc.

Django (Any example explanation):


Django is a Python-based web framework that allows you to quickly create efficient web
applications. It is also called batteries included framework because Django provides built-in
features for everything including Django Admin Interface, default database – SQLlite3, etc. When
you’re building a website, you always need a similar set of components: a way to handle user
authentication (signing up, signing in, signing out), a management panel for your website, forms,
a way to upload files, etc. Django gives you ready-made components to use and that too for rapid
development.
5.3 Online Information Systems and Solutions (Web Information System)
Web information system, or web-based information system, is an information system that uses
Internet web technologies to deliver information and services, to users or other information
systems/applications.
It is a software system that whose primary aim is to publish and maintain data by using hypertext-
based principles.
Web-based information displays many benefits of multimedia technology. Using today's fast
broadband connection, it's possible to stream sophisticated content to a computer anywhere in the
world. This is an advantage for many people as the information can be received and read wherever
and whenever it is convenient for them, which can be a crucial factor for a busy executive. A
significant amount of interactive multimedia content is now delivered via the internet.
A web information system usually consists of one or more web applications, specific functionality-
oriented components, together with information components and other non-web components. Web
browser is typically used as front-end whereas database as back-end.

Key features of web-based Information System:

Web-based information systems have evolved significantly over recent years with its
improvement. Web-based applications have several advantages over traditional
software based applications. Some of the core features of web-based applications are
given below:

1. Cross platform compatibility:

Most web-based applications are compatible in different platforms than traditional installed
software. The minimum requirement would be a web browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox,
Netscape etc.). You can use different OS such as Windows, Linux or Mac to run the web
applications.

2. More Manageable:

WBIS only need to be installed on the server placing minimal requirements on the end user
workstation, which makes the system easier to maintain and update as usually it can all be done
on the server.

3. Multiple concurrent users:


Web-based applications can indeed be used by multiple users at the same time. It’s not necessary
to share screen or send a screenshot when multiple users see and even edit the same document at
the same time. Web conferencing and online collaboration companies regulate some key
transformations and users only explore what they really need to work effectively and co-edit
documents together.

4. Reduced cost:
Web-based applications can reduce cost due to support and maintenance, lower requirements on
the end user system and simplified architecture. It doesn’t require any distribution or marketing
infrastructure.

5. Secure live data:

These applications can decrease the risk of losing data due to an unexpected disk crash or computer
virus. Companies of web-based applications provide extensive data backup service either as an
integral part or basic service or sometimes as a paid service.

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