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C O M P U T E R
College Computer
Fundamentals
(Windows10+Office 2016)
(Micro Course Edition 2nd Edition)

Chapter 3, Operating System

Fundamentals

School of Big Data and

Computing
He Fan
2023
 Catalog 3.1 Getting started with Windows 10
CONTENTS
3.2 Launching Windows 10 programs with Window o

3.3 Chinese Character input for Windows 10

3.4 File Management in Windows 10

3.5 System Administration for Windows 10

College Computer Fundamentals (Windows 10+Office

第3章 操作系统基础

3.1.1 Different versions of Windows 10

In total, Windows 10 comes in 7 different versions, as shown in the figure.

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3.1.2 Booting Windows 10

Turn on the power switch of the computer's main

case and monitor, Windows 10 will load the memory,
and then begin to test the computer's motherboard
and memory. After the system is started, it will enter
the Windows 10 welcome screen. If there is only one
user and no user password is set, it will directly enter
the system desktop.
If there are multiple users in the system and a
user password has been set, you need to select the user
and enter the correct password to enter the system.

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3.1.3 Keyboard Usage in Windows 10

1. Recognize the structure of the keyboard

Taking the commonly used 107-key keyboard as an example, the keyboard can be divided into five parts according to the
different functions of each key: function key area, main keyboard area, edit key area, small keyboard area and status indicat or
light.

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3.1.3 Keyboard usage in Windows 10

The main keyboard area is used to input text and symbols, including letter keys, number keys, symbol
keys, control keys, and Windows function keys. There are 61 keys in 5 rows.
Letter keys: "A" ~ "Z" are used to input 26 English letters.
Number key: "0" ~ "9" is used to input the corresponding numbers and symbols. Each key is
composed of two characters up and down, also known as double character key. Typing these keys alone will
input the lower file character, that is, the number; If you hold down the "Shift" key and then hit the key, you
will enter the upper file character, that is, the special symbol.
Symbol keys: Except for the key in the upper left corner of the main keyboard area, the rest are
located on the right side of the main keyboard area. Like the number key, each symbol key is also composed
of two different symbols up and down.

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3.1.3 Keyboard usage in Windows 10

The function of each control key and Windows function key is shown in the table.

Keys Action
Tab is short for "Table" in English, also known as TAB positioning key. This
The "Tab" key key moves the cursor 8 characters to the right each time you press it, and
is commonly used for alignment operations in word processing

Capital letter lock key, the system default state of the input of the English
The "Caps Lock"
letter is lowercase, press the key after the input of the letter is uppercase,
key
press the key again to cancel the capital lock state

There is one on the left and right of the main keyboard area, which has
exactly the same function and is mainly used for entering upper case
characters and uppercase English characters of letter keys. For example,
"Shift" key
hold down the "Shift" key and then press the "A" key to input uppercase
characters
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3.1.3 Keyboard usage in Windows 10

Keys Action
The space bar (Spane key) is located below the main keyboard area, and
each press of this key will produce a null character at the current position
Spacebar
of the insertion cursor, while the insertion cursor moves one position to
the right

Each time you press this key, you will move the cursor one position to the
The "Back Space"
left, and if there is a character to the left of the cursor position, the
key
character in that position will be deleted

The Enter key. It has two functions: to confirm and execute the command
"Enter" key you entered, to press this key while typing,
Insert the cursor to the beginning of the next line

There is a key on the left and right of the main keyboard area, the key
surface is engraved with Windows window pattern, called the "Start
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menu"2016）（微课版 第2版） operating system, press the key will open the
key, in the Windows
第3章 操作系统基础

3.1.3 Keyboard usage in Windows 10

The edit key area is mainly used for cursor control in the editing process, and the function of each key is shown in the
figure.

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3.1.3 Keyboard usage in Windows 10

The keypad area is mainly used for quick input

The status indicator area is mainly used to
of numbers and cursor movement control. When you
indicate the working status of the keypad, the case
want to use the keypad area to input numbers, you
status and the status of the scroll lock key.
should first press the "Num Lock" key in the upper left
corner. At this time, the first indicator light in the
status indicator area is on, indicating that it is a
number state, and then input it.

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3.1.3 Keyboard Usage in Windows 10

Key points and considerations include the following 6 points.

 Your wrists should be straight and your arms should be kept as still as possible.
 The keystrokes should be strictly in accordance with the division of labor of the fingers, and the keystrokes should not be
random.
 When hitting the key, use the impulse with the finger tip vertical to the key, and rebound immediately, not too hard.
 When the left hand keystrokes, the right finger should be placed on the base key position and remain motionless, and when
the right hand keystrokes, the left finger should also be placed on the base key position and remain motionless.
 The finger should quickly return to the corresponding base key position after keystroke.
 Don't hold down a key for a long time, and try not to look at the keyboard when you hit the key to develop the habit of
"blind typing".

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3.1.4 Mouse Use in Windows 10

2. 5 Basic mouse Operations

Mobile positioning: The method of mobile positioning the mouse is to hold the mouse and move freely on the
smooth desktop or mouse pad. At this time, the mouse pointer on the display screen will move synchronously, and the
mouse pointer will move to an object on the desktop to stay for a moment, which is the positioning operation. The
positioning object will usually appear the corresponding prompt information.
Click: click commonly known as click, the method is to move the mouse first, let the mouse pointer point to an
object, and then use the index finger to press the left mouse button and quickly release the button, the left mouse
button will automatically bounce back. Click operation is often used to select the object, the selected object is
highlighted.

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3.1.4 Mouse Use in Windows 10

2. 5 Basic mouse Operations

Drag: This is the process of pointing the mouse at an object, holding down the left mouse button, then moving the
mouse to drag the object from one location on the screen to another, and finally releasing the left mouse button. This process is
also known as dragging. The drag operation is often used to move objects.
Right click: Right click is to click the right button of the mouse, the method is to press the right button of the mouse
with the middle finger, the right button of the mouse will automatically spring up and restore after releasing the key. Right-click
operation is often used to open the relevant shortcut menu of the right-click object.
Double click: Double click is to press the left mouse button twice quickly and continuously with the index finger. Double
click operation is often used to start a program, perform a task, and open a window or folder.

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3.1.5 The desktop composition of

Windows10

After you start Windows 10, you will see the Windows 10 desktop on your screen. By default,
Windows 10 desktop is composed of 3 parts: desktop icon, mouse pointer and taskbar, as shown in
the figure.

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3.1.5 The composition of Windows10

desktop
Common mouse Pointers and their corresponding states are shown in the table.

Mouse Indicated state Mouse Indicated state Mouse Indicated state

pointer pointer pointer
Resize the object Precisely resize
Normal condition
vertically the object
Help with Resize the object
Text entry status
selection horizontally
Adjusting the
Background
object along the Disabled state
processing
diagonal 1
Adjust the object
Busy state along the Handwritten state
diagonal 2

Moving objects Candidates Link selection

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3.1.5 The desktop composition of

Windows10

The taskbar is located at the bottom of the desktop by default and is shown by six parts: the Start
button, cortana Search, the Task View button, the task area, the notification area, and the Show Desktop
button (click to quickly show the desktop).

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3.1.5 Composition of the desktop in

Windows10

"Cortana Search" and

"Task View" are new
functions of Window s10.
Click the "Cortana Search"
button, and the interface
can help users quickly open
an application by typing or
voice input, and can also
realize chat, watch news, set
reminders and other
operations.

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3.1.5 Desktop Composition of Windows10

Click the "Task View" button to

let a computer have multiple desktops
at the same time, among which,
"Desktop 2" will show the application
window running on the current
desktop, if you want to use a clean
desktop, you can directly click the
"Desktop 1" icon.

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3.1.6 Exit for Windows 10

Ways to quit Windows 10

Save files or data, then close all open

apps. Click the Start button, click the Power
button in the Start menu that opens, and then
select the Shutdown option from the list that
opens. After you successfully shut down your
computer, turn off the power to your monitor.

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 Contents 3.1 Getting started with Windows 10
CONTENTS
3.2 Launching Windows 10 programs with Window o

3.3 Chinese Character input for Windows 10

3.4 File Management in Windows 10

3.5 System Administration for Windows 10

College Computer Fundamentals (Windows 10+Office

第3章 操作系统基础

3.2.1 Program launch for Windows 10

Click the Start button in the bottom-

left corner of the desktop taskbar to open the
Start menu, where almost all applications on
your computer can be launched. The "Start"
menu is an important portal to operate the
computer, even if the desktop does not show
the file or program, you can easily find the
corresponding program through the "Start"
menu.

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3.2.1 Program launch in Windows 10

Method 1: Click the "Start" button to open the

"Start" menu. At this time, you can first check whether
there is a program option that needs to be opened in
the high-frequency use area on the left of the "Start"
menu. If so, select the program option to start. If there
is no program to be started in the high-frequency use
area, then click the folder where the program is located
in the "All programs" list, and select the program
option to be executed to start the program.

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3.2.1 Program launch in Windows 10

Method 2: Find the application file that needs to be

executed in "This Computer", double-click with the mouse,
or right-click on it, and select the "Open" command in the
pop-up shortcut menu.
Method 3: Double click the shortcut icon
corresponding to the application.
Method 4: Click the "Start" button to open the
"Start" menu, Enter the name of the program in the
"Search Program" text box, select and press "Enter" to
open the program.

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3.2.2 Window Operations in Windows 10

1. Windows 10's window composition

Double-click the "This

Computer" icon on the desktop
to open the "This Computer"
window, which is a typical
Windows 10 window. The role of
each component is described
below.

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3.2.2 Windows 10 Window Operations

Title bar: Located at the top of the window, through this toolbar, you can quickly achieve operations
such as setting the properties of the selected project and creating a new folder. On the far right are the
buttons for window minimize, window maximize and close the window.
Functional area: The functional area is displayed in the form of tabs, which stores various operation
commands. To execute the operation commands in the functional area, just click the corresponding operation
name.
Address bar: displays the location of the current window file in the system.
Search bar: Used to quickly search for files in your computer.
Navigation pane: Click to quickly switch or open other Windows.
Window workspace: Used to display the contents of files and folders stored in the current window.
Status bar: Used to display the number of items in the current window and the arrangement of the
items.

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3.2.2 Window operations in Windows 10

2. Open the window and the objects in the window

In Windows 10, every time the user launches a program, opens a file or folder, a window will
open, and a window contains multiple objects, and the opening of a certain object may open a
corresponding window, which may include other different objects.

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3.2.2 Window Operations in Windows 10

3. Maximize or minimize the window

 Maximizing a window will enlarge the current window to display the entire screen, which will show more
window content, while minimizing the window will scale to the program button area of the taskbar in the
form of icon buttons.
 Open any window and click the "Maximize" button on the right side of the window's title bar. At this time, the
window will cover the entire display screen, and the "Maximize" button will become the "Restore" button;
 Click "Restore" to restore the maximized window to its original size;
 Click the "Minimize" button in the upper right corner of the window, at this time, the window will hide the
display, and an icon will be displayed in the program area of the taskbar, click the icon, the window will be
restored to the screen display state.

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3.2.2 Window operations in Windows 10

5. Line up Windows
4. Move and resize the window

It is common to have multiple Windows

When Windows are opened,
open while using your computer, such as to
some of them hide the contents of
edit a document in Word, and to open
other Windows on the screen. In order
Microsoft Edge browser to search for
to view the hidden parts, you need to
information. When multiple Windows are
move the window position or resize the
window appropriately. opened, in order to make the desktop cleaner,
the opened Windows can be stacked, stacked
and side-by-side operations.

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3.2.2 Window operations in Windows 10

6. Switching Windows

Switch through the button in the taskbar:

Move the mouse pointer to a task icon in the
button area on the left side of the taskbar, then
all the thumbnails of the opened file type will
be expanded. Click a thumbnail to switch to the
window, and other Windows opened at the
same time will automatically become
transparent when switching.

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3.2.2 Window operations in Windows 10

6. Switching Windows

Press the "Alt+Tab" key combination to switch: After pressing the "Alt+Tab" key combination, a task
switching bar will appear on the screen, and the Windows currently opened by the system will be arranged in
the task switching bar in the form of thumbnails. At this time, hold down the "Alt" key and repeatedly press
the "Tab" key to display a white box and switch between all ICONS in turn. When the box moves to the
required window icon, release the "Alt" key, you can switch to the window.

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3.2.2 Window operations in Windows 10

Press the "Win+Tab" key combination to

switch: After pressing the "Win+Tab" key
combination, a time line of operation records
will appear on the screen, and the current and
earlier operation records of the system will be
arranged in the time line in the form of
thumbnails. To open a window, you can
position the mouse pointer to the window to
be opened, and when the window shows a
white border, click the mouse to open the
window.

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3.2.2 Window Operations in Windows 10

7. Close the window

 Click the "Close" button in the top right corner of the window's title bar.
 Click the right mouse button on the window's title bar and select the "Close" command from the
shortcut menu that pops up.
 Move your mouse pointer over a task thumbnail in the taskbar and click the button in its top right
corner.
 Move the mouse pointer to the task icon in the taskbar that needs to close the window, right-click and
select the "Close Window" command or the "Close All Windows" command from the shortcut menu
that pops up.
 Press the "Alt+F4" key combination.

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 Table of Contents
3.1 Getting started with Windows 10
CONTENTS
3.2 Launching Windows 10 programs with Window o

3.3 Chinese Character input for Windows 10

3.4 File Management in Windows 10

3.5 System Administration for Windows 10

College Computer Fundamentals (Windows 10+Office

第3章 操作系统基础

3.3.1 Selection of Chinese input method

Click the "Input Method" button in the language bar, and select the input method to be switched from the list that
opens. After selecting the corresponding input method, the icon will become the logo of the selected input method.

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 Contents 3.1 Getting started with Windows 10
CONTENTS
3.2 Launching Windows 10 programs with Window o

3.3 Chinese Character input for Windows 10

3.4 File Management in Windows 10

3.5 System Administration for Windows 10

3.6 Windows 10 Network Features

College Computer Fundamentals (Windows 10+Office

第3章 操作系统基础

3.4.1 Concept of file system

Hard disk partition and letter: Hard disk partition refers to the partition of the hard disk into
several independent areas, so that it can be more convenient to store and manage data. Formatting
can divide the partition into units that can be used to store data. Generally, the hard disk will be
partitioned when the system is installed. Disk character is the identifier of the Windows system for the
disk storage device, generally using 26 English characters plus a colon ":" to identify, such as "local
disk (C:)", "C" is the disk character.
File: File refers to all kinds of information and data saved in the computer, the computer file
includes a lot of types, such as documents, tables, pictures, music and applications. By default, the file
is displayed in the form of icon in the computer, which consists of two parts: the file icon and the file
name. For example, it represents an Excel file named "student course schedule".

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3.4.1 Concept of file system

Folder: It is used to save and manage the files in the computer. It has nothing in itself, but it can place
multiple files and subfolders, so that users can quickly find the files they need. A folder is generally
composed of two parts: a folder icon and a folder name.
File path: When operating on a file, in addition to knowing the file name, you also need to point out the
disk letter and folder where the file is located, that is, the location of the file in the computer, called the file
path. File path includes relative path and absolute path two kinds. Relative paths start with "." (for the current
folder), ".." "(for the parent folder) or folder name (for the subfilenames in the current folder) beginning; An
absolute path is the absolute location on the hard drive where the file or directory is stored.

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3.4.2 The File management window

File management is mostly implemented in the Explorer window. Resource manager refers to the
navigation pane on the left side of the "This computer" window. It divides computer resources into four
categories: quick access, OneDrive, this computer and network, which can facilitate users to organize,
manage and apply resources better and faster.

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3.4.2 File management window

Open Explorer: Double-click the "This Computer"

icon on your desktop or click the "File Explorer" button
on the taskbar. Open the "File Explorer" dialog box,
click the icon to the left of each category icon in the
navigation pane, and then expand the folders
hierarchically in turn. After selecting a required folder,
the corresponding file content will be displayed on the
right.

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3.4.3 File/Folder operations

Part 2 of 3: Selecting Objects 1. Select files and folders

Select a single file or folder: Use the mouse to directly click the file or folder icon to select it. The
surrounding of the selected file or folder will be displayed in a blue transparent shape.
Select multiple adjacent files or folders: hold down the left button of the mouse in the blank of the window,
and drag the mouse box to select multiple objects, and then release the mouse.
Select multiple consecutive files or folders: select the first selection object with the mouse, hold down the
"Shift" key, and then click the last selection object, you can select all the objects in the middle of the two objects.

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3.4.3 File/Folder operations

Part 2 of 3: Selecting Files 1. Select files and folders

Select multiple non-contiguous files or folders: Hold down the "Ctrl" key and then click the file
or folder you want to select in turn to select multiple non-contiguous files or folders.
Select all files or folders: Directly press "Ctrl+A" key combination, or select [Edit] / [Select All]
command, you can select all files or folders in the current window.

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3.4.3 File/Folder operations

2. Create new files and folders

To create a new file is to create a blank file of the corresponding type according to the category of programs
installed in the computer. After creating a new file, you can double-click to open the file and edit the contents of the
file. If you need to sort and organize some files in a folder for later management, you need to create a new folder.

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3.4.3 File/folder operations

3. Move, copy, and rename files and folders

Moving a file is to move a file or folder

to another folder. Copying a file is equivalent
to making a backup of the file. The file or
folder under the original folder still exists, and
renaming a file is a new name for the file.

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3.4.3 File/folder operations

4. Delete and restore files or folders 5. Search for files or folders

Deleting some useless files or folders can If the user doesn't know
reduce the excess files on the disk, free up disk where the file or folder is on disk,
space, and also make it easier to manage. The
use Windows 7's search feature to
deleted files or folders are actually moved to
find it.
the Recycle Bin. If you delete the files by
mistake, you can also restore them through the
restore operation.

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3.4.5 Pin the program to the taskbar

By pinning an application to the taskbar, you

can use an icon to help the user quickly launch the
corresponding application. After a program or
application is pinned to the taskbar, the original
position of the program is not changed, so if the
unpinned, the original program file will not be
deleted.

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 Directory 3.1 Getting started with Windows 10
CONTENTS
3.2 Launching Windows 10 programs with Window o

3.3 Chinese Character input for Windows 10

3.4 File Management in Windows 10

3.5 System Administration for Windows 10

College Computer Fundamentals (Windows 10+Office

第3章 操作系统基础

3.5.1 Setting the date and time

If the system date and time is not the

current date, you can set it to the current date
and time, and you can also set the format of the
date.

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3.5.2 Windows 10 Personalization

The way to personalize the Windows 10

system is to click the right mouse button in the
blank area on the desktop of the system, select the
"Personalized" command in the pop-up shortcut
menu, enter the personalized setting interface, and
click the corresponding button to personalize the
setting.

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3.5.2 Windows 10 Personalization Settings

Click the Background button: In the background screen, you can change the image, select the image
fit, and set parameters such as solid color or slide show.
Click the "Color" button: In the color interface, you can choose different colors for the Windows
system, or you can click the "Custom color" button to customize your favorite theme color in the dialog
box that opens.
Click the "Lock Screen Interface" button: In the lock screen interface, you can select the system
default picture, or you can click the "Browse" button to set the local picture as the lock screen interface.

大学计算机基础（Windows 10+Office 2016）（微课版 第2版）

第3章 操作系统基础

3.5.2 Windows 10 Personalization

Click the Theme button: In the theme screen, you can

customize the theme's background, color, sound, mouse pointer
style and other items, and finally save the theme.
Click the "Start" button: In the Start interface, you can set
the "Start" menu bar to select the application displayed.
Click the "Taskbar" button: Set the display position and
display content on the screen in the taskbar.

大学计算机基础（Windows 10+Office 2016）（微课版 第2版）

第3章 操作系统基础

3.5.3 Install and uninstall the application

Once you have obtained or prepared an

installer for the software, you can begin installing the
software. The installed software will appear in the All
Programs list in the Start menu, and some programs
will automatically create a quick launch icon on your
desktop.

大学计算机基础（Windows 10+Office 2016）（微课版 第2版）

C O M P U T E R
College Computer Basics
(Windows10+Office 2016)
(Micro Course Edition 2nd Edition)