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Machine Learning (ML) Basics

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Stefanus Adri Irawan
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9 views1 page

Machine Learning (ML) Basics

Uploaded by

Stefanus Adri Irawan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Machine Learning (ML) Basics

Definition and Types: Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that involves training algorithms
to recognize patterns and make decisions based on data. ML can be categorized into:

● Supervised Learning: The algorithm is trained on labeled data, which means the
outcome for each input is known (e.g., classification and regression tasks).
● Unsupervised Learning: The algorithm is trained on unlabeled data and must find
hidden patterns or intrinsic structures (e.g., clustering, dimensionality reduction).
● Reinforcement Learning: The algorithm learns by interacting with an environment and
receiving rewards or penalties based on its actions.

Key Concepts:

● Features and Labels: Features are the input variables, while labels are the output or
target variables.
● Training and Testing: Data is split into training sets (for training the model) and testing
sets (for evaluating performance).
● Overfitting and Underfitting: Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data
too well and performs poorly on new data, while underfitting happens when a model is
too simple to capture the underlying patterns.

Popular Algorithms:

● Linear Regression: Used for predicting continuous values.


● Logistic Regression: Used for binary classification problems.
● Decision Trees: A tree-like model used for both classification and regression.
● Support Vector Machines (SVM): Used for classification and regression tasks by
finding the optimal hyperplane.
● Neural Networks: Inspired by the human brain, used for complex pattern recognition
tasks.

Evaluation Metrics:

● Accuracy: The proportion of correctly predicted instances.


● Precision and Recall: Precision measures the accuracy of positive predictions, while
recall measures the ability to identify all relevant instances.
● F1 Score: The harmonic mean of precision and recall, providing a single metric for
model performance.

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