KRUPANIDHI DEGREE COLLEGE Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
III SEMESTER BBA-AVIATION

KRUPANIDHI DEGREE COLLEGE

~Mr. SAYED FAIZAL

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 KRUPANIDHI DEGREE COLLEGE Artificial Intelligence

Course Code: SEC

Course Title: Artificial Intelligence
Formative Assessment marks: 20 marks
Summative Assessment Marks: 30 marks

Unit - 1
Overview of AI: Definition of Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of AI, Goals of AI, Elements of AI
system, Programming a computer without and with AI, AI Techniques, History of AI
Intelligent Systems: Definition and understanding of Intelligence, Human Intelligence vs Machine
Intelligence, Types of Intelligence.

Unit-2
AI Applications: Virtual assistance, Travel and Navigation, Education and Healthcare, Optical
character recognition, E-commerce, mobile payment systems, Image-based search, and photo editing.
AI Examples in daily life: Installation of Al apps and instructions to use AI apps.

Unit-3
Robotics: Introduction to Robotics, Difference in Robot System and Other AI Programs, Components
of a Robot.

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UNIT I
OVERVIEW OF AI
What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
 Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially
computer systems.
 Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech
recognition, and machine vision.
 Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the intelligence of a machine or computer that enables
it to imitate or mimic human capabilities

How does AI work?

 AI requires a foundation of specialized hardware and software for writing and training machine
learning algorithms.
 AI system accepts data input in the form of speech, text, image, etc. The system then processes
data by applying various rules and algorithms, interpreting, predicting, and acting on the input
data.
 Upon processing, the system provides an outcome, i.e., success or failure, on data input.
 The result is then assessed through analysis, discovery, and feedback. Lastly, the system uses
its assessments to adjust input data, rules and algorithms, and target outcomes.
 This loop continues until the desired result is achieved.

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AI programming focuses on three cognitive skills:

learning, reasoning, and self-correction.

 Learning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on acquiring data and creating
rules for how to turn the data into actionable information. The rules, which are
called algorithms, provide computing devices with step-by-step instructions for how to
complete a specific task.
 Reasoning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on choosing the right algorithm
to reach the desired outcome.
 Self-correction processes. This aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-tune
algorithms and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible.

Why is artificial intelligence important?

 AI is important because it can give enterprises insights into their operations that they may not
have been aware of previously and because, in some cases, AI can perform tasks better than
humans.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence?

Advantages
 Good at detail-oriented jobs;
 Reduced time for data-heavy tasks;
 Delivers consistent results; and
 AI-powered virtual agents are always available.
Disadvantages
 Expensive;
 Requires deep technical expertise;
 Limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools;
 only knows what it's been shown; and
 Lack of ability to generalize from one task to another.

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Define the Philosophy of AI.

 The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of technology that
explores artificial intelligence and its implications for knowledge and understanding of
intelligence, ethics, consciousness, epistemology, and free will.
Some scholars argue that the AI community's dismissal of philosophy is detrimental.

The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to answer such questions as follows.

 Can a machine act intelligently? Can it solve any problem that a person would solve by
thinking?
 Are human intelligence and machine intelligence the same? Is the human brain essentially
a computer?
 Can a machine have a mind, mental state, and consciousness in the same sense that a
human being can? Can it feel how things are?

Important propositions in the philosophy of AI include some of the following:

 Turing's "polite convention": If a machine behaves as intelligently as a human being,
then it is as intelligent as a human being.
 The Dartmouth proposal: "Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence
can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."
 Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis: "A physical
symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action."
 John Searle's strong AI hypothesis: "The appropriately programmed computer with the
right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings
have minds."
 Hobbes' mechanism: "For 'reason' ... is nothing but 'reckoning,' that is adding and
subtracting, of the consequences of general names agreed upon for the 'marking' and
'signifying' of our thoughts...”

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Explain the Goals of Artificial Intelligence.

1. Develop problem-solving ability

 AI research is focused on developing efficient problem-solving algorithms that can make
logical deductions and simulate human reasoning while solving complex puzzles.
 Example stock market prediction system.
 The problem-solving ability of AI makes our lives easier as complex tasks can be assigned to
reliable AI systems that can aid in simplifying critical jobs.
2. Incorporate knowledge representation
 AI research revolves around the idea of knowledge representation and knowledge engineering.
 It relates to the representation of ‘what is known’ to machines with the ontology for a set of
objects, relations, and concepts.
 The representation reveals real-world information that a computer uses to solve complex real-
life problems.
 Example diagnosing a medical ailment or interacting with humans in natural language.
3. Facilitate planning
 Intelligent agents provide a way to envision the future.
 AI-driven planning determines a procedural course of action for a system to achieve its goals
and optimizes overall performance through predictive analytics, data analysis, forecasting, and
optimization models.
 With the help of AI, we can make future predictions and ascertain the consequences of our
actions.

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 KRUPANIDHI DEGREE COLLEGE Artificial Intelligence

4. Allow continuous learning

 Learning is fundamental to AI solutions.
 Conceptually, learning implies the ability of computer algorithms to improve the knowledge of
an AI program through observations and past experiences.
 Technically, AI programs process a collection of input-output pairs for a defined function and
use the results to predict outcomes for new inputs.
 As AI systems learn independently, they require minimal or no human intervention.
 For example, ML defines an automated learning process.
5. Encourage social Intelligence
 Affective computing, also called ’emotion AI,’ is the branch of AI that recognizes, interprets,
and simulates human experiences, feelings, and emotions.
 With affective computing, computers can read facial expressions, body language, and voice
tones to allow AI systems to interact and socialize at the human level.
6. Promote creativity
 AI promotes creativity and artificial thinking that can help humans accomplish tasks better.
 AI can churn through vast volumes of data, consider options and alternatives, and develop
creative paths or opportunities for us to progress.
 It also offers a platform to augment and strengthen creativity
 For example, an AI system can provide multiple interior design options for a 3D-rendered
apartment layout.
7. Achieve general intelligence
 AI researchers aim to develop machines with general AI capabilities that combine all the
cognitive skills of humans and perform tasks with better proficiency than us.
 Boost overall productivity as tasks would be performed with greater efficiency and free humans
from risky tasks such as defusing bombs.
8. Promote synergy between humans and AI
 One of the critical goals of AI is to develop a synergy between AI and humans to enable them
to work together and enhance each other’s capabilities rather than depend on just one system.

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 KRUPANIDHI DEGREE COLLEGE Artificial Intelligence

Explain the Elements of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the way we live, work, and interact.
The key elements of AI include:
 Natural language processing (NLP)
 Expert systems
 Robotics
 Intelligent agents
 Computational intelligence

Natural Language Processing

 NLP is a branch of AI that allows machines to use and understand human language.
 It is built into products such as automatic language translators used in multilingual conferences,
text-to-speech translation, speech-to-text translation, and knowledge extraction from text.

Expert Systems
 Expert systems are machines or software applications that provide explanation and advice to
users through a set of rules provided by an expert.
 Rules are programmed into software to reproduce the knowledge for nonexperts to solve a
range of actual problems.
 Examples of this are found in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, law, food science, and
engineering, and maintenance.
Robotics
 Intelligent robots are mechanical structures in various shapes that are programmed to perform
specific tasks based on human instructions.
 Depending on the environment of use (land, air, and sea), they are called drones and rovers.

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Intelligent Agents
 Multi-agent systems (MAS) is a subfield of AI that builds computational systems capable of
making decisions and take actions autonomously.
 These systems are capable of maintaining information about their environment and making
decisions based on their perception of the state of the environment, their past experiences, and
their objectives.
 Agents can also interface with other agents to collaborate on common goals.

Computational Intelligence
 Computational Intelligence is the computational aspect of AI that focuses on utilizing and
deriving value from data.
 It uses knowledge-discovery and data-mining processes to develop ML workflows to learn
from historical data and predict future events.
 There are several algorithms designed to build ML models.
 Examples are artificial neural networks, decision trees, random forests, etc.

Programming without artificial intelligence (AI)

 Developers who do not have artificial intelligence (AI) by their side are doing well, but they can
do better.
 They can use their time, creativity, and effort in doing complex, innovative, and design-side
stuff.
 Those who program without AI spend a lot of resources and hours on the following.
1. Requirement gathering
2. Tedious parts of planning and designing software projects
3. Error-prone tasks like retracts and forward investigating plan
4. Too much time spent to understand the needs as well as the desires of the client
5. Code generation in a time- and labour-intensive way
6. Writing code from scratch
7. Deployment control
8. Managing vulnerabilities because any failure in upgrades leads to risks in executing the
software
9. Bugs and error identification- Time spent in examining the executable files loaded with bugs
and errors

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Programming with artificial intelligence (AI)

 when artificial intelligence (AI) enters the scene, it changes the way software is written and
thought of.
 Today we have tools like Google ML Kit and Infosys Nia, which automate specific processes
to minimize human intervention to some extent.
 Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can help in detecting loopholes early
before moving to design.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) can also make machines understand the user’s natural
language requirements, leading to fast and smooth software models.
 Artificial intelligence (AI) can make a lot of impact in some domains like medical sciences,
robotics, process automation, and academic research.
 Microsoft’s Visual Code Intellicode helps the user with an alphabetical list of recommendations,
and it skips the entire troublesome and time-consuming process that developers used earlier.
 AI programmers can feed in the data like facts and rules concerning the end goal.

Overview of AI techniques
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the way of making computing hardware and software think
intelligently, in similarity to the manner humans use natural intelligence.
According to “John McCarthy”, known as the father of Artificial Intelligence: AI is “The science and
engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”.

What is then actually an AI technique?

knowledge or intelligence comes with a set of properties: Infinite volume, It’s dynamic It’s not
organized … Therefore an AI technique is a type of method on this set of available knowledge that
organizes and uses that set as efficiently as possible: Easily modifiable to correct errors | Useful in many
ways even it is incomplete or to some degree inaccurate |Understood and clear by its provider | Having
a clear purpose

1. Machine Learning (ML) Machine learning focuses on applications that learn from
experience and improve their decision-making or predictive accuracy over time.
2. Natural Language Processing (NLP) Natural language processing strives to build
machines that understand and respond to text or voice data — and respond with text or
speech of their own — in much the same way humans do.
3. Automation and Robotics Expert systems or applications that are able to perform tasks
given by a human. They have sensors to detect real-world data such as temperature,
movement, sound, heat, pressure, light that is processed to exhibit intelligence with the
capability to adapt in accordance to its inputs and learn from it’s mistakes.

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4. Machine Vision (MV) Is the technology and methods used to provide imaging-based
automatic inspection and analysis for such applications as automatic inspection, process
control, and robot guidance, usually in industry
5. Data Mining Learn about data mining, which combines statistics and artificial
intelligence to analyze large data sets to discover useful information.

The history of AI
Here’s a brief timeline of the past six decades of how AI evolved from its inception.

 1956 - John McCarthy coined the term ‘artificial intelligence’ and had the first AI conference.

 1969 - Shakey was the first general-purpose mobile robot built. It is now able to do things with
a purpose vs. just a list of instructions.

 1997 - Supercomputer ‘Deep Blue’ was designed, and it defeated the world champion chess
player in a match. It was a massive milestone by IBM to create this large computer.

 2002 - The first commercially successful robotic vacuum cleaner was created.

 2005 - 2019 - Today, we have speech recognition, robotic process automation (RPA), a dancing
robot, smart homes, and other innovations make their debut.

 2020 - Baidu releases the LinearFold AI algorithm to medical and scientific and medical teams
developing a vaccine during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. The
algorithm can predict the RNA sequence of the virus in only 27 seconds, which is 120 times
faster than other methods.

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Types of Artificial Intelligence

1. Purely Reactive: These machines do not have any memory or data to work with, specializing in
just one field of work. For example, in a chess game, the machine observes the moves and makes the
best possible decision to win.

2. Limited Memory: These machines collect previous data and continue adding it to their memory.
They have enough memory or experience to make proper decisions, but memory is minimal. For
example, this machine can suggest a restaurant based on the location data that has been gathered.

3. Theory of Mind: This kind of AI can understand thoughts and emotions, as well as interact socially.
However, a machine based on this type is yet to be built.

4. Self-Aware: Self-aware machines are the future generation of these new technologies. They will be
intelligent, sentient, and conscious.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

Define Intelligent System.

 Intelligent systems are technologically advanced machines that perceive and respond to the world
around them.
 Intelligent systems can take many forms, from automated vacuums such as the Roomba to facial
recognition programs to Amazon's personalized shopping suggestions.
 Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-
awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-
solving.
Note:
 The study of human intelligence dates back to the late 1800s when Sir Francis Galton (the cousin of
Charles Darwin) became one of the first people to study intelligence.
 Some researchers argue that intelligence is a general ability, whereas others make the assertion that
intelligence comprises specific skills and talents.
 Psychologists contend that intelligence is genetic, or inherited, and others claim that it is largely
influenced by the surrounding environment.

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Spearman concluded that there is a single g-factor that represents an individual’s general intelligence
across multiple abilities and that a second factor, s, refers to an individual’s specific ability in one
particular area (Spearman, as cited in Thomson, 1947).

Types Of Intelligence
The Nine types of intelligence:
 Naturalist (nature smart)
 Musical (sound smart)
 Logical-mathematical (number/reasoning smart)
 Existential (life smart)
 Interpersonal (people smart)
 Bodily-kinesthetic (body smart)
 Linguistic (word smart)
 Intra-personal (self smart)
 Spatial (picture smart)

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1. Naturalist Intelligence

Naturalist intelligence designates the human ability to discriminate among living

things (plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other features of the natural
world (clouds, rock configurations).

2. Musical Intelligence

Musical intelligence is the capacity to discern pitch, rhythm, timbre, and tone.
This intelligence enables us to recognize, create, reproduce, and reflect on
music, as demonstrated by composers, conductors, musicians, vocalist, and
sensitive listeners

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3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

Logical-mathematical intelligence is the ability to calculate,

quantify, consider propositions and hypotheses, and carry out
complete mathematical operations. It enables us to perceive
relationships and connections and to use abstract, symbolic thought;
sequential reasoning skills; and inductive and deductive thinking
patterns.

4. Existential Intelligence

Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as
the meaning of life, why we die, and how did we get here.

5. Interpersonal Intelligence

Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to understand and interact effectively

with others. It involves effective verbal and nonverbal communication, the
ability to note distinctions among others, sensitivity to the moods and
temperaments of others, and the ability to entertain multiple perspectives.
Teachers, social workers, actors, and politicians all exhibit interpersonal
intelligence.

6. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety
of physical skills. This intelligence also involves a sense of timing and the perfection
of skills through mind–body union. Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and crafts people
exhibit well-developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence.

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7. Linguistic Intelligence

Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words and to use language to express and
appreciate complex meanings. Linguistic intelligence allows us to understand the order
and meaning of words and to apply meta-linguistic skills to reflect on our use of
language. Linguistic intelligence is the most widely shared human competence and is
evident in poets, novelists, journalists, and effective public speakers.

8. Intra-personal Intelligence

Intra-personal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself and one’s thoughts and
feelings, and to use such knowledge in planning and directioning one’s life. Intra-personal
intelligence involves not only an appreciation of the self, but also of the human condition.

9. Spatial Intelligence

Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three dimensions. Core capacities

include mental imagery, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and
artistic skills, and an active imagination. Sailors, pilots, sculptors, painters,
and architects all exhibit spatial intelligence.

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HUMAN INTELLIGENCE VS MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

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UNIT 2
AI APPLICATIONS
Application of AI
 Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society.
 AI is making our daily life more comfortable and fast.
 It is becoming essential for today's time because it can solve complex problems in an efficient
way in multiple industries, including Virtual assistance, Travel and Navigation, Education and
Healthcare, Optical character recognition, E-commerce, mobile payment systems, Image-based
search, photo editing.

What is a virtual assistance (AI assistant)?

 A virtual assistant, also called AI assistant or digital assistant
 AI Virtual Assistant uses conversational AI for voice-enabled customer self-service.
 An AI assistant can be defined as a software program that relies on technologies like natural language
processing (NLP) to follow voice and text commands.
 AI assistants are often based on the cloud, meaning you can access them anywhere as long as there is
an internet connection.
 integrate them even more into your day-to-day life, they can be connected to smart devices.
 The best AI assistants rely on self-teaching algorithms to become highly personalized.
For example, they can learn your preferences or speech patterns.

5 best AI assistants:
1. Fireflies
2. Siri
3. Cortana
4. Alexa
5. Google Assistant

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APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TRAVEL

 Artificial intelligence is improving all the time, making it more reliable and more attractive as
a business solution.
 The travel industry are taking advantage of AI in order to perform a variety of administrative
and customer service tasks.

The Role of AI Within the Travel Industry

Most hotels and resorts rely heavily on delivering excellent customer service to build their reputation
and AI technology can assist with this in a wide variety of different ways.

1. Chatbots and Online Customer Service

 For hotels and other businesses in the tourism industry, one of the most exciting uses for artificial
intelligence is for providing assistance to customers online.
 There has already been widespread adoption for the purposes of powering chatbots on social media
platforms, as well as instant messaging apps.
 AI is able to respond to questions and provide valuable information to customers, even when a customer
service rep is not available.
 Customers are demanding faster and faster response times on online platforms, and artificial intelligence
allows businesses to deliver times that would be impossible for humans.
 Example: Sam, intelligent travel chatbot!

2. Face-to-Face Customer Service

 this has the ability to cut queues at information or reception desks, and improve overall
efficiency.
 One example of this technology in action is the AI robot ‘Connie’, which has been deployed
by Hilton.
 This robot uses artificial intelligence and speech recognition to provide tourist information to
customers who speak to it.
 Each human interaction also helps to teach the robot, improving the quality of all future
communications.
Example: Meet Connie, Hilton Hotels’ First Robot Concierge

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3. Data Processing and Data Analysis

 The applications of AI within the travel and tourism industry are not limited to customer service
alone.
 one of its most popular and effective uses is for gathering and interpreting data in order to draw
conclusions about customers, business practices and pricing strategies.

APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN NAVIGATION

 GPS technology can provide users with accurate, timely, and detailed information to improve
safety.
 The technology uses a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks and Graph Neural
Networks, which makes lives easier for users by automatically detecting the number of lanes
and road types behind obstructions on the roads.
 AI is heavily used by Uber and many logistics companies to improve operational efficiency,
analyze road traffic, and optimize routes.

APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE

 Artificial Intelligence finds diverse applications in the healthcare sector.
 AI applications are used in healthcare to build sophisticated machines that can detect diseases
and identify cancer cells.
 Artificial Intelligence can help analyze chronic conditions with lab and other medical data to
ensure early diagnosis.
 AI uses the combination of historical data and medical intelligence for the discovery of new
drugs

APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION

 Education sector is the one most influenced by humans, Artificial Intelligence has slowly begun
to seep its roots into the education sector as well.
 Even in the education sector, this slow transition of Artificial Intelligence has helped increase
productivity among faculties and helped them concentrate more on students than office or
administration work.
Some of these applications in this sector include:

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1. Administrative Tasks Automated to Aid Educators:

Artificial Intelligence can help educators with non-educational tasks like task-related duties
like facilitating and automating personalized messages to students, back-office tasks like grading
paperwork, arranging and facilitating parent and guardian interactions, routine issue feedback
facilitating, managing enrollment, courses, and HR-related topics.

2. Creating Smart Content:

Digitization of content like video lectures, conferences, and textbook guides can be made using
Artificial Intelligence. We can apply different interfaces like animations and learning content through
customization for students from different grades. Artificial Intelligence helps create a rich learning
experience by generating and providing audio and video summaries and integral lesson plans.

3. Voice Assistants:
Without even the direct involvement of the lecturer or the teacher, a student can access extra
learning material or assistance through Voice Assistants. Through this, printing costs of temporary
handbooks and also provide answers to very common questions easily.

4. Personalized Learning:
Using top AI technologies, hyper-personalization techniques can be used to monitor students’ data
thoroughly, and habits, lesson plans, reminders, study guides, flash notes, frequency or revision, etc., can be
easily generated.

What is OCR?
 Optical character recognition (OCR) technology is an efficient business process that saves time,
cost and other resources by utilizing automated data extraction and storage capabilities.
 An OCR program extracts and repurposes data from scanned documents, camera images and image-
only pdfs.
 OCR software singles out letters on the image, puts them into words and then puts the words into
sentences, thus enabling access to and editing of the original content.
 It also eliminates the need for manual data entry.

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How Artificial Intelligence Gives OCR a Boost

 Artificial intelligence is transforming the capabilities of optical character recognition (OCR) tools.
 An area of computer vision, OCR processes images of text and converts that text into machine-
readable forms.
 It takes handwritten or typed text within physical documents and converts them into digital formats.
 the quality of OCR technology has improved, but demand has increased for broader usability.
 Recent developments with AI have amplified OCR’s utility thanks to higher accuracy and greater
speed. With the benefit of AI, human supervision isn’t needed at every step.

AI APPLICATION IN E-COMMERCE
1. Personalized Shopping:
 Artificial Intelligence technology is used to create recommendation engines through which you can
engage better with your customers.
 These recommendations are made in accordance with their browsing history, preference, and
interests.
 It helps in improving your relationship with your customers and their loyalty towards your brand.
2. AI-Powered Assistants
 Virtual shopping assistants and chatbots help improve the user experience while shopping
online.
 Natural Language Processing is used to make the conversation sound as human and
personal as possible. Moreover, these assistants can have real-time engagement with your
customers.
 Did you know that on amazon.com, soon, customer service could be handled by chatbots?
3. Fraud Prevention
 Credit card frauds and fake reviews are two of the most significant issues that E-Commerce
companies deal with.
 By considering the usage patterns, AI can help reduce the possibility of credit card fraud taking
place.
 Many customers prefer to buy a product or service based on customer reviews.
 AI can help identify and handle fake reviews.

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PAYMENT GATWAYA
 payment gateway is a software module that facilitates safe and secure financial transactions between
a customer and a merchant.
 Among these include checking if a customer has sufficient cash in their account to complete a
transaction and confirming their credit/debit/prepaid card information (this involves encrypting the
card number to ensure the data is processed securely as per ISO standards in the payments industry).
 Most payment processors have begun utilizing AI and machine learning to process the high volume
transactions and anticipate online payment frauds.
 Without AI, the payment sector would not be able to execute a high volume of transactions with
minimal fraud or mistakes.
Mobile payment
 A mobile payment is the transfer or payment of funds typically to a person, merchant or
business for bills, goods and services, using a mobile device to execute and confirm the payment.
 The payment tool can be a digital (virtual or e-) wallet, mobile browser, or SIM toolkit / mobile
menu.
 Computing vision is being used by artificial intelligence in place of paper money and plastic credit
cards. Customer’s billing and transaction history are recorded digitally, and they utilize their
mobile devices as payment (i.e., Google Pay, Apple Wallet, etc.).
 The financial industry also uses computer vision to enable online account opening, a growing
trend away from the physical bank branch.

AI EXAMPLE IN DAILY LIFE.

 “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) has become a buzzword in many technologically related
discourses in the current times.
 Self-driven cars, high-end robotics, AI-driven traffic management, Smart grid maintenance,
etc., are a few things that one alludes to when talking of AI.
 AI is already a thing of the present, and we are surrounded by it in our daily lives.

The following are some examples from our daily lives where Artificial Intelligence finds a place.
1. Travel & Navigation
2. Smartphone Apps
3. Social Media Feeds
4. Advertisements
5. Smart Cars
6. Music and Video Streaming
7. Smart Home
8. Smart Input
9. Security & surveillance
10. Finance services

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Travel & Navigation

 Navigation services to find our way through at some

point in our lives.
 For many, it is part of their daily lives.
 Whether using maps for navigation or using a taxi-hire
service like Uber, you are using AI-enabled services to
travel from one place to another.
 The scores of information being received and provide
you with information that helps in navigation and get live
traffic updates, allowing you to commute more
efficiently.
 There are plenty of Geocoding and Maps API available
to convert an idea into reality.

Smartphone Apps

 Imagining our lives without mobile phones does sound to be a

challenge.
 Different applications on our mobiles have become an integral
part of our daily lives. Many of these applications are based
on AI.
 Built-in smart assistants on our phones like Siri, Alexa, and
Google Assistant are the more obvious examples of AI that
most of us are aware of and use.
 AI-enabled services are now a significant part of the updates
on both iOS and Android platforms.

Social Media Feeds

 applications on smartphones to feel the presence of AI within

various social media apps.
 Whether it is your Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or other
platforms, what you see and do on these applications is, to a
large extent, influenced by machine learning.
 AI controls the feeds that you get to see while browsing
through these platforms or the notifications you receive.

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Advertisements

 How many times have you wondered, looking at an online ad, “I was
thinking about buying this product “?
 It is AI at work.
 There is no magic here wherein AI is reading your mind.
 Instead, it is keeping track of what you do online. The products you
browse on various shopping sites or search engines are tracked, and
advertisements related to these products are fed to you.
 AI also uses information related to demographics, like your age, gender,
profession, etc., to determine the adverts of products that most likely
are your preference.
 This is becoming more relevant, with many businesses using digital
marketing tools to target their preferred customers.

Smart Cars

 AI is increasing its presence in our daily lives is

smart cars.
 Not only are companies like Tesla at the forefront
of using automation in vehicles, but many of the
car manufacturers are also looking at integrating
AI with Automobiles to provide seamless
services of various technologies that you use.
 Information is being shared and communicated
between the cars to better maneuver amidst
traffic. Inputs around traffic, real-time updates on
roadblocks, etc., are immediately transmitted to
alert the other vehicles on the grid enabling re-
routing.

Music and Video Streaming

 While YouTube recommendations and suggested playlists

on music apps have been around for some time, one can
see these recommendations becoming more relevant to
your likes as time goes on.
 This is AI at work, which tracks the videos and the music
you listen to most and come up with suggestions relating
to the same.
 Various variants like artists, genre, etc., are factored in to
provide recommendations on these streaming services.

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 Many of these recommendations are those which you are unlikely to know, helping you watch
or listen to newer content.

Smart Home

 Alexa and Bixby come to the top of our minds when

one talks of using AI in developing smart homes.
However, these applications of AI are not just limited
to these Smart-voice assistants.
 Thermostat devices that make use of AI to adjust the
temperature automatically, AI applications that
conserve energy by automatically switching on/off the
lights based on human presence, smart speakers, apps
that change the color of the light based on the time of
the day, etc. are few of the applications where AI is
being used to make the homes smarter.
 The AI being used is evolving, and more and more
solutions are being developed that understand our
behavior and function accordingly.

Smart Input

 Are you wondering where AI is used in input?

 No need to look farther beyond your own mobile device. Typing out text has become more
comfortable with the integration of AI, wherein it predicts words, phrases, and emoticons based
on your regular usage and style of writing.
 This is beyond the predictive test used in earlier mobile phones, with the suggestions being
more relevant to the context and your style. Phrases can be written with a simple swipe across
the screen.
 Few of the mail apps provide suggestions for subjects and, in many instances, the auto-
completion text based on the sentence you are typing.

Security & surveillance

 The thought of AI does bring notions of it being used for larger-scale surveillance.
 While ethics is a case for debate, it is known that AI is used increasingly in this domain.
Monitoring the immense feed being transmitted from various cameras and other devices is not
only a cumbersome activity but also has its limitations.
 AI uses technologies like face recognition, object and location recognition, etc., to monitor the
inputs received and analyze them.

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Finance services

 Banks are one of the domains that have adopted

technological inventions sooner than most other fields.
 Banking has now moved on from the need to go to a
physical space to conduct the operations from your mobile.
 Banks use AI in many areas, including detecting any
fraudulent activity, analyzing the investment trends of
customers, providing customer services, etc.

Steps to install AI apps

1. Open the Google Play Store
. Tap the icon that looks like a multicolored sideways triangle in your app list. This app is
usually called "Play Store," but may just be called "Google Play" on some Android
phones and tablets.
 If it’s your first time opening the Play Store, you’ll have to enter your
Google account information and payment details. Follow the on-screen instructions
when prompted.

2. Type an app name or keyword into the search box. It’s at the top of the screen.
 For example, you can type Alexa to search for the Alexa app, or phot os to browse
various photo apps.
 If you’re just browsing, skip the search—instead, scroll down and peruse the Play
Store’s categories, charts, and suggestions.

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3. Tap
 . It’s the Search key that looks like a magnifying glass at the keyboard’s
bottom right corner.

4. Select an app from the search results.

This brings you to the details page, where you can read the app’s description, check out user reviews,
and view screenshots.
 Many apps have similar names, so your search may return several results. Apps in
the search result appear on their own “tiles,” each displaying the app’s icon,
developer, star rating, and price
5.Tap INSTALL. It’s a green button just beneath the name of the app. If the app is not free, the green
button will say the app’s price instead of “INSTALL” (e.g. “$2.49”).
 When downloading an app that costs money, you may have to confirm your Google
account password.

6. Tap OPEN. When the installation is complete, the “INSTALL” (or price)
button will change to an “OPEN” button. Tapping it will launch your new
app for the first time.
 To open the new app in the future, tap the Apps icon on
your home screen, then tap the new app’s icon

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How to use Artificial Intelligence in the mobile app?

You need to decide the AI technology or feature you want in your application. Here are some of the
ways you can integrate AI in a mobile app.

 Optimize the searching process of the mobile application.

 Integrate audio or video recognition in the app.
 For learning behavior patterns of the app users.
 Create an intelligent and friendly digital assistant.

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UNIT 3
ROBOTICS
What are Robots
Robots are artificial agents acting in a real-world environment.
Robots can work as:-
 An automatic machine sweeper
 In space
 A machine removing mines in a war field
 An automatic car for a child to play with
 In the military, etc.
The aim of the robot is to manipulate the objects by perceiving, moving, picking, and modifying the
physical properties of objects.

What is Robotics
Robotics is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is mainly composed of electrical
engineering, mechanical engineering, and computer science engineering for the construction,
designing, and application of robots.

Robotics is the science of building or designing an application of robots. The aim of robotics is to
design an efficient robot.

Aspects of Robotics
 The robots have electrical components for providing power and controlling the machinery.
 They have mechanical construction, shape, or form designed to accomplish a particular task.
 It contains some type of computer program that determines what, when, and how a robot does
something.

What are Artificially Intelligent Robots?

Artificial Intelligent Robots, as the name suggests, are the ones which have combine the
capabilities of AI and a robot.

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Difference between Robot Systems and Other AI Programs

Here is the difference between the two −

AI Programs Robots
a robot is a machine that may or may not require
intelligence to perform specific tasks and has a physical They operate in the real physical world
form.
Inputs to robots is an analog signal in the
The input to an AI program is in symbols and rules.
form of speech waveform or images
They need special hardware with sensors
They need general-purpose computers to operate on.
and effectors.
Robots interact with the physical world via
AI can function in cell phones, laptops, robots even, and
sensors and actuators.
performs tasks
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer Robots are programmable.
science
AI algorithms can tackle learning, perception, problem-
Robots are usually autonomous or semi-
solving, language-understanding and/or logical reasoning
autonomous.

A Venn diagram of the two would look like this:

I guess that people sometimes confuse the two because of the overlap between them: Artificially

Intelligent Robots.

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Applications of Robotics

Robotics has been instrumental in various domains such as −

 Industries –
Robots are used for handling material, cutting, welding, color coating, drilling, polishing, etc.

 Military –
Autonomous robots can reach inaccessible and hazardous zones during the war.
A robot named Daksh, developed by Defense Research and Development Organization
(DRDO), is in functions to destroy life-threatening objects safely.

 Medicine –
The robots are capable of carrying out hundreds of clinical tests simultaneously, rehabilitating
permanently disabled people, and performing complex surgeries such as brain tumors.

 Exploration –
The robot rock climbers used for space exploration, and underwater drones used for ocean
exploration are to name a few.

 Entertainment –
Disney’s engineers have created hundreds of robots for movie making
Components of Robot

Consider the robot structure showing different components of robots are:

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Consider the key components of robotics are:-

Robots are constructed with the following −

 Power Supply –
The robots are powered by batteries, solar power, hydraulic, or pneumatic power sources.

 Actuators –
They convert energy into movement.

 Electric motors (AC/DC) –

They are required for rotational movement.

 Pneumatic Air Muscles –

They contract almost 40% when air is sucked in them.

 Muscle Wires –
They contract by 5% when electric current is passed through them.

 Piezo Motors and Ultrasonic Motors –

Best for industrial robots.

 Sensors –
They provide knowledge of real time information on the task environment. Robots are equipped
with vision sensors to be to compute the depth in the environment. A tactile sensor imitates the
mechanical properties of touch receptors of human fingertips.

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