Second Year/Second Part

S.N. Course Code Subject

1 EG2201EE Microprocessor
2 EG2202EE Computer Aided Design
3 EG2203EE Electric Circuit Analysis
4 EG2204EE Electrical Installation II
5 EG2205EE Electrical Engineering Drawing II
6 EG2206EE Electrical Machines I
7 EG2207EE Electrical Instruments and Measurement
8 EG2208EE Power Stations

35
 Microprocessor
EG2201EE
Year: II Total: 6 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: 3 hours/week
Tutorial: 1 hour/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: 2 hours/week
Course Description:
This course deals with fundamentals of microprocessor, basic low-level microprocessor
programming, interfacing and introduction to basic programmable devices.
Course Objectives:
After completing this course, the students will be able to:
1. Describe the working principle of a computer
2. Discuss the working principle of microprocessor (8 bit and 16 bit)
3. Explain the process of writing and executing low level language
4. Interface devices with a computer.

Course Contents:
Theory
Unit 1. Introduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller [9 Hrs.]
1.1. Introduction, evolution and Need of Microprocessor
1.2. Different Microprocessor Architecture: RISC and CISC
1.3. Introduction to Microcontroller, Microprocessor versus Microcontroller
1.4. Criteria for Choosing a Microcontroller
1.5. Microprocessor based system and bus organization
1.6. Stored program concept and Von Neumann Machine

Unit 2. Basics of 8085 Microprocessor [12 Hrs.]

2.1. Features, internal architecture, pin description, internal registers, ALU and control
unit
2.2. Addressing Modes, Instruction Sets, 8085 interrupts: Software and Hardware
interrupts, Interrupt Priorities, 8259 programmable Interrupt Controller
2.3. Programming with 8085: Data transfer, arithmetic and logical operations

Unit 3. Memory & I/O Interfacing [12 Hrs.]

3.1. Memory device classification and hierarchy, Memory mapping and addressing, I/O
Mapped I/O and Memory Mapped I/O
3.2. Parallel Interface
3.2.1. Modes: Simple, Wait, Single Handshaking and Double Handshaking
3.2.2. Introduction to Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI)
3.3. Serial Interface
3.3.1. Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission
3.3.2. Serial Interface Standards: RS232
3.3.3. Introduction to USART
3.3.4. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
3.4. Introduction to Direct Memory Access (DMA) and DMA Controller

36
Unit 4. Microcontrollers [12 Hrs.]
4.1. Introduction, Block diagram of Microcontroller
4.2. Comparison between different types of microcontrollers
4.3. Introduction and comparison to 8051, AVR and PIC microcontrollers families
4.4. Concept of interfacing with keyboards, LEDs, LCDs etc.
4.5. Introduction to Arduino, Raspberry Pi

Practical: [30 Hrs.]

1. Familiarize with 8085 microprocessors and run a program using data transfer
instruction for immediate data transfer and data transfer between registers.
2. Write and execute a program for 8085 microprocessor using data transfer instruction
for data transfer from/to memory and I/O.
3. Write and execute a program for 8085 microprocessor using arithmetic instruction for
addition
4. Write and execute a program for 8085 microprocessor using arithmetic instruction for
subtraction.
5. Write and execute a program for 8085 microprocessor using logical instruction for
AND, OR, XOR and Complement.
6. Write and execute a program for 8085 microprocessor using logical instruction for
rotation.
7. Write a program to find square of a number using look-up table.
8. Write a logic program to find the factorial of a given number.
9. Write a program to control LEDs connected at output port of 8051 microcontroller
10. Write a program to speed of dc shunt motor
11. Write and execute a program for traffic light control.

Final written exam evaluation scheme

Unit Title Hours Marks Distribution*
1 Introduction to Microprocessor and
9 17
Microcontroller
2 Basics of 8085 Microprocessor 12 21
3 Memory & I/O Interfacing 12 21
4 Microcontrollers 12 21
Total 45 80
* There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.

References:
1. Douglas V Hal, ‘Microprocessor and Interfacing, Programming and Hardware’ TMH
2006
2. Liu and Gibson,’ Micro computer System 8086/8088 family architecture, programming
and design’ PHI 2nd edition.
3. K Uma Rao,The 8051 Microcontroller, architecture, programming and applications,
Pearson 2009.

37
4. Ramesh S. Gaonkar, “Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Application
with 8085”, 5th Edition 2002, Prentice Hall

38
 Computer Aided Design
EG2202EE
Year: II Total: 5 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: 2 hours/week
Tutorial: hour/week
Practical: 3 hours/week
Lab: hours/week
Course Description:
This course deals with creation of two-dimensional drawing and layout drawing using Auto
CAD. It also deals with application of AutoCAD software in electrical field.

Course Objectives:
After completing this course, the students will be able to
1. Introduce AutoCAD software and its basic commands.
2. Draw 2D drawings and modify them.
3. Insert dimension and text on drawing.
4. Use AutoCAD in electrical sector.

Course Contents:
Theory
Unit 1. AutoCAD [4 Hrs.]
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Application
1.3. Application of Basic Tools
1.3.1. Keyboard,
1.3.2. Cursor menu,
1.3.3. Screen menu,
1.3.4. Pull-down menu,
1.3.5. Toolbar menu
1.3.6. Dialogue box

Unit 2. Basic Commands and Drawing Aids [8 Hrs.]

2.1. Drawing Commands (LINE, POINT, XLINE, ARC, CIRCLE, Polygon, PLINE,
MLINE, SPLINE)
2.2. Modifying Commands (ERASE, OFFSET, COPY, MOVE, CHPROP, ROTATE,
MIRROR, ARRAY, FILLET, TRIM, LTTYPE, LTSCALE, DIVIDE)
2.3. Drawing Aids (ORTHO, GRID, SNAP, OSNAP)
2.4. Display Commands (ZOOM, PAN VIEW)
2.5. HATCH and BHATCH commands
2.6. Creation of Layer and Working on it.
2.7. Layer Properties

Unit 3. Grouping in AutoCAD [3 Hrs.]

3.1. BLOCK, WBLOCK commands
3.2. INSERT, MINSERT commands
3.3. EXPLODE, BASE commands

39
Unit 4. Working with text in AutoCAD [2 Hrs.]
4.1. TEXT, MTEXT, DTEXT commands
4.2. Justifying text and text fonts
4.3. STYLE command

Unit 5. Dimensioning in AutoCAD [2 Hrs.]

5.1. Dimensioning commands
5.2. Dimension styles and dimension setup
5.3. Dimension scale

Unit 6. AutoCAD in Electrical Field [5 Hrs.]

6.1. Necessity of AutoCAD in Electrical Engineering
6.2. Current scenario of AutoCAD for Electrical Engineering
6.3. Use of AutoCAD in Building Electrification

Unit 7. Layout Drawing [3 Hrs.]

7.1. Use of AutoCAD Design center
7.2. Layout drawing using standard symbols
7.3. Layout management

Unit 8. Plotting drawings [3 Hrs.]

8.1. Using Layout to set up a print
8.2. Device information, pen parameters, paper size and orientation
8.3. Scale, rotation and origin
8.4. Printing a drawing

Practical: [30 Hrs.]

Lab 1. Install and initiate AutoCAD.
Lab 2. Apply different commands present in AutoCAD
2.1. Drawing Commands (LINE, POINT, XLINE, ARC, CIRCLE, Polygon, PLINE,
MLINE, SPLINE etc.)
2.2. Modifying Commands (ERASE, OFFSET, COPY, MOVE, CHPROP, ROTATE,
MIRROR, ARRAY, FILLET, TRIM, LTTYPE, LTSCALE, DIVIDE etc) Drawing
Aids (ORTHO, GRID, SNAP, OSNAP etc),display commands(ZOOM, PAN VIEW
etc) and HATCH and BHATCH commands
Lab 3. Draw figures in AutoCAD
Lab 4. Draw electrical symbols in AutoCAD
Lab 5. Use/Insert command in AutoCAD
5.1. ERASE, OFFSET, COPY, MOVE, CHPROP, ROTATE, MIRROR, ARRAY,
FILLET, TRIM, LTTYPE, LTSCALE, DIVIDE.
Lab 6. Apply Auto CAD
6.1. Draw simple electrification of a single floor with single line diagram,
6.2. Draw industrial wiring system coordinating with control panel with respective power
and control diagram.
Lab 7. Layout Drawing.
Lab 8. Plot and print drawing.

40
 Final written exam evaluation scheme
Unit Title Hours Marks Distribution*
1 AutoCAD 4 5
2 Basic Commands and Drawing Aids 8 10
3 Grouping in AutoCAD 3 4
4 Working with text in AutoCAD 2 3
5 Dimensioning in AutoCAD 2 3
6 AutoCAD in Electrical Field 5 7
7 Layout Drawing 3 4
8 Plotting drawings 3 4
Total 30 40
* There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.

Reference:
1. Omura, George & Benton, Brian (2019). Mastering AutoCAD 2019 and AutoCAD LT
2019.
2. Philips, Kendrol (2020). AutoCAD beginner's guide to 2D and 3D drawings.

41
 Electric Circuit Analysis
EG2203EE
Year: II Total: 6 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: 3 hours/week
Tutorial: 1 hour/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: 2 hours/week
Course Description:
This course elaborates the electric network theorems and incorporates fundamental concepts
of AC networks along with three phase systems.

Course Objectives:
On the completion of this course, the students will be able to:
1. Explain the basic circuit theorems and their application for analysis of DC networks
2. Describe AC circuits and analysis of AC networks
3. Describe the 3 phase AC systems and their application

Course Contents:
Theory
Unit 1. DC Network Theorems and Circuit Analysis [11 Hrs.]
1.1. Thevenin’s theorem
1.2. Nortorn’s theorem
1.3. Superposition theorem
1.4. Maximum power transfer theorem
1.5. Mesh current method of circuit analysis
1.6. Node voltage method of circuit analysis

Unit 2. AC Fundamentals [24 Hrs.]

2.1. Generation of alternating voltage & currents, equations of alternating voltage &
currents, Sine Wave.
2.2. Terminologies: Frequency, time period, amplitude angular velocity, average value,
rms value, phase & phase differences.
2.3. Average & amp;rms value of different waves
2.4. Representation of alternating quantities vector diagram, Vector diagram of sine
waves of same frequency, addiction & subtraction of two alternating quantities,
different form of vector such as trigonometrically form, polar form, Cartesian form.
Use of ‘J’ operator and its significance.
2.5. AC through pure ohmic Resistance, phaser diagram, waveform of current &
voltage, power & necessary mathematical expression with analysis
2.6. AC through pure inductance only, phaser diagram, waveform of current, voltage,
power & necessary mathematical expression with
2.7. analysis.
2.8. AC through pure capacitor only, phaser diagram, waveform of current, voltage,
power & necessary mathematical expression with analysis.
2.9. Analysis of series R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits
2.10. Analysis of parallel R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuit

42
 2.11. Resonance in AC series circuit
2.12. Resonance in AC parallel circuit

Unit 3. Three phase system [10 Hours]

3.1. Generation of three phase voltages, phase sequence, phase sequence at load, star &
delta connection, neutral point.
3.2. Advantages of three phase system.
3.3. Relation between line and phase value of voltage & current in star & delta
connections and their phasor diagram.
3.4. Power consumed in three phase circuit.
3.5. Balanced and unbalanced system, Effect of unbalanced load in three phase system.
3.6. Related numerical problems.

Practical: [30 Hours]

1. Verify maximum power transfer theorems.
2. Handle oscilloscope to measure ac quantities such as peak values, rms value, time
period & frequency.
3. Measure voltage, current & power of R-L-C series circuit.
4. Measure voltage, current & power in RL parallel Circuit.
5. Perform resonance analysis of R-L-C series.
6. Analyze of R-L series circuit & R-L series circuit with the help of oscilloscope.
7. Perform 3 phase circuit in star/delta connected balanced load & measurement of
power.

Final written exam evaluation scheme

Unit Title Hours Marks Distribution*
1 DC Network Theorems and Circuit
11 24
Analysis
2 AC Fundamentals 24 32
3 Three phase system 10 24
Total 45 80
* There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.

References:
1. Theraja, B.L. & Theraja, A.K., (2008), “A Textbook of Electrical
Technology”, Chand (S.) & Co Ltd ,India
2. Gupta, J.B.,(2010), “Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering”, S K KATARIA &
SONS
3. Del Toro, Vincent, (2015) , “Electrical Engineering Fundamentals”, Pearson
Education India
4. Cogdell, John R., (1990), “Foundations of Electrical Engineering”, Prentice Hall
5. Ashphaq Husain , (2012), “Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering ”, Chaukhamba
Auriyantaliya

43
 Electrical Installation II
EG2204EE
Year: II Total: 4 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: hours/week
Tutorial: hour/week
Practical: 4 hours/week
Lab: hours/week
Course Description:
This course deals with industrial motor control system, distribution of overhead lines and
installation and connection of stand by generator.

Course Objectives:
On completion of this course the students will be able to:
1. Interpret power and control diagrams of single phase and three phase motors.
2. Connect and control single phase and three phase motors with various control
arrangements.
3. Connect and start three phase motor by single phase supply.
4. Install overhead line: pole erection, stringing conductors, cable termination, lightning
arrestor, DO-fuse, LT panel.
Course Contents:
Practical: [60 Hrs.]
1. Install and connect power and control circuits to start and run three phase squirrel cage
induction motor by momentary push buttons with an air brake contactor, overload
relay, indicating lamps etc. as per given layout diagram. [4 Hrs.]
2. Install and connect power and control circuits to run and stop a three-phase squirrel
case induction motor from two or more stations by push buttons using air brake
contactor, overload relay, indicating lamps etc. as per given layout diagram [4 Hrs.]
3. Install and connect power and control circuits to start and stop three phase induction
motor in clock wise and counter clock wise direction by start and stop push buttons
with air brake contactors, overload relay, clock wise, anti-clock wise and overload
indicating lamps etc. as per given layout diagram. [4 Hrs.]
4. Install and connect power and control circuits to start a three-phase induction motor in
star mode and run-in delta mode by manually operating push buttons with air brake
contactors, overload relay, star/delta/overload indicating lamps etc. as per given layout
diagram. [4 Hrs.]
5. Install and connect power and control circuits to start a three-phase induction motor in
star mode manually and run-in delta mode automatically by push button and timer with
air brake contactors, overload relay, indicating lamps etc. as per given layout diagram.
[4 Hrs.]
6. Install and connect circuits to start and run a three-phase slip-ring induction motor by
rotor resistance starter including TPMCB, OLR, three phase KWh meter, indicating
lamps etc. as per given layout diagram. [4 Hrs.]

44
 7. Install and connect power and control circuits to run a three phase, two speed motor by
push buttons including air brake contactors, overload relay, indicating lamps etc. as per
given layout diagram. [4 Hrs.]
8. Install and connect power and control circuits for step by step (sequence) control of
three, three phase motors manually by push buttons including air brake contactors,
overload relay, indicating lamps etc. as per given layout diagram. [4 Hrs.]
9. Install and connect power and control circuit for step by step start of three motors start
first motor manually and second and third automatically by push button and timers with
air brake contactors, overload relay and indicating lamps as per given layout diagram.
[4 Hrs.]
10. Install and connect circuits to start and connect the generator backup system
automatically when cutoff the power of connected supply system with necessary
arrangements as per given layout diagram. [4 Hrs.]
11. Install and connect power and control circuits for a single-phase pump motor with
water level control float switches in overhead and underground tank, air break
contactor, overload relay, start and stop master push buttons, indicating lamps etc. as
per given layout diagram. [4 Hrs.]
12. Perform/conduct/accomplish Overhead line works [16 Hrs.]
(i) Erection of poles.
(ii) Installing pole-staying set.
(iii) Stringing conductors.
(iv) Installing transformer, DO-fuse, lightning arrestor, LT panel, etc.
(v) Cable/wire terminations.
(vi) Dismantling.
References:
1. Basic principle of electrical craftsman, H.K Martin
2. The Art and Science of protective relaying, G. Mason
3. Experiments with Industrial Electrical System, D. Patric
4. Manufacturer’s catalogue of contactors, protective relays, etc.

45
 Electrical Engineering Drawing II
EG2205EE
Year: II Total: 3 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: hours/week
Tutorial: hour/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: 3 hours/week
Course Description
This course deals with control layout connection and schematic diagram of motor, generators,
OCBS and Winding diagram in Computer Aided software.

Course Objectives:
On completion of this computer-based drawing course the student will be able to:
1. Draw and explain connection and control diagrams for three phase induction motors
with various control arrangements.
2. Draw and explain circuit diagrams of three phase transformer showing winding
connections and tapping.
3. Draw and explain wiring and connection diagram for three phase generator with
Protection and OCB.
4. Draw and explain schematic diagram and tripping circuits with indications from
Contactor's wiring diagrams.
5. Draw and explain winding diagrams.

Course Contents:
Practical:
Sheet 1. Draw connection diagram for 3-phase, 3hp380v star connection squirrel cage
Induction motor controlled by manual controlled triple pole forward reverse switch
and fuse. [3 Hrs.]
Sheet 2. Draw connection diagrams for 3-phase, 5 hp 380v delta connected squirrel age
induction motor controlled by a star/delta rotary switch and fuses. [3 Hrs.]
Sheet 3. Draw wiring layout and connection diagram for water pump installation using 3-
phase, 3hp squirrel cage induction motor, DOL starter master ON/OFF rotary switch,
float switch for underground and overhead tank [3 Hrs.]
Sheet 4. Draw connection and control diagram for 3-phase, 3hp 380 star connected squirrel
cage induction motor with the help of 16-amp electromagnetic contactor, 1 NC, 1NO,
220V/380 V and bi-metal relay, ON/OFF momentary push button station and fuses.
[3 Hrs.]
Sheet 5. Draw connection and control diagram for 3 –phase, 3hp 380V star connected squirrel
cage induction motor controlled with the help of 16amp electromagnetic contactor,
1 NC, 1 NO, 220/380V and bi-metal relay forward OFF reverse push button station
and fuses. [3 Hrs.]
Sheet 6. Draw connection and control diagram for 3–phase, 5hp 380V squirrel cage induction
motor controlled with the DOL starting and automatic reversing using contactors and
limit switches. [3 Hrs.]

46
Sheet 7. Draw connection and control diagram for 3–phase, 10hp 380V delta connected
squirrel cage induction motor with automatic star/delta starting, overload trips, a
limit switch and electromagnetic breaker. [3 Hrs.]
Sheet 8. Draw circuit diagram showing the winding and connections of a 3–phase delta/star
11kv/380Vstep down distribution transformer with 5 tapping on H.V. side and KWH
meter with CT, PT. [4 Hrs.]
Sheet 9. Draw circuit diagram of a 3-phase, 380V brushless alternator showing the winding
connections and Auto manual excitation system. [3 Hrs.]
Sheet 10. Draw connection diagram for 3 phase 4 K.W parallel connected 2 heating rods which
is control by a digital temperature controller with a help of thermocouple sensor and
a contractor as a switch device. [3 Hrs.]
Sheet 11. Draw connection diagram for 3 phase Auto / Manual change over panel for generator
and NEA (mains) supply with the help of MCCB, power contractors, time delay
relays, Indicators, push button switches and switching relays for 200 Amperes Load.
[3 Hrs.]
Sheet 12. Draw winding diagram of induction motor stator for 24 slots 3-phase, single layer,
2- pole [4 Hrs.]
Sheet 13. Draw winding diagram of induction motor stator for 24 slots 3-phase winding 4-
poles. [4 Hrs.]
Sheet 14. Draw the section view of three phase transformers. [3 Hrs.]

References:
1. A.K. Sawhney, A course in’’ Electrical Machine Design’’, Dhanpat Rai & Co, India,
2016
2. Lionel B. Roe, ‘’ Practices and procedure of industrial electrical Design’’ McGraw-
Hill, New work,1972.
3. S.L. Bhatia, Hand book of electrical engineering, Khana publishers,india ,2016
4. Surjit Singh, Electrical Engineering Drawing (Part-II), S.K. katariya & Sons, India,
2018

47
 Electrical Machines I
EG2206EE
Year: II Total: 6 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: 3 hours/week
Tutorial: 1 hour/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: 2 hours/week
Course Description:
This course covers the electrical machines, transformer, dc generator and dc motor. It deals
with the constructional details, operating principle, characteristics, testing methods of the
above machines.

Course Objectives:
After completion of this course, student will be able to
1. Explain the basic constructional details of single-phase transformer, three-phase
transformer and dc machine, operation and characteristics of single-phase transformer,
three-phase transformer, dc generator and dc motor, equivalent circuit of transformer
and dc machines, testing of transformer.

Course Contents:
Theory
Unit 1. Single Phase Transformer [14 Hrs.]
1.1. Operating Principle, Basic construction, operation, derivation of emf equation,
Transformation ratio, Concept of ideal transformer.
1.2. Constructional Details: Core type and shell type core construction, stepped type core
cross-section, Types of windings.
1.3. No-load operation: phasor diagram, equivalent circuit for no-load operation
1.4. Operation of transformer with load: Magnetic circuit condition, amp-turn balance.
1.5. Mutual and leakage fluxes, leakage reactance.
1.6. Capacity of transformer: Definition, factors affecting the capacity of transformer.
1.7. Equivalent circuit: Effect of winding resistance and leakage reactance, equivalent
circuit of real transformer, phasor diagram for resistive load and inductive load,
transformation of impedance, equivalent circuits refer to primary side and secondary
side, percentage impedance, voltage regulation.
1.8. Efficiency of transformer, Losses in transformer, Calculation of efficiency,
Condition for maximum efficiency, effect of load power factor on efficiency.
1.9. Testing of transformer – Polarity test, No-load test, Short-circuit test.
1.10. Auto transformer: Operating principle and application.
1.11. Parallel operation of single-phase transformer
1.12. Numerical problems.

Unit 2. Three Phase Transformer [8 Hrs.]

2.1. Introduction: Three units of single-phase transformers used as three-phase
transformer, evolution of three-phase transformer.

48
 2.2. Three-phase transformer connections: Star/Star, Delta/Delta, Star/Delta, Delta/Star,
Open delta, their phasor group and applications, Relationship between primary and
secondary line and phase quantities.
2.3. Parallel operation of three-phase transformers
2.4. Parts of power transformer: Tank, Conservator, Breather, Explosion vent,
Transformer oil, Terminal bushing, arching horns, Buchhloz’s relay, tap-changer.
2.5. Study of name plate specification of transformer.
2.6. Difference between power and distribution transformer

Unit 3. DC Generator [13 Hrs.]

3.1. Constructional Details: Yoke, Field poles, Field winding, Armature and its winding.
3.2. Operation, operating principle, emf equation,
3.3. Types of dc generator: Separately excited and self-excited and voltage build-up
process, Shunt, series and compound generators, their circuit diagrams, relation
between emf generated and load terminal voltage, characteristics and applications.
3.4. Losses and efficiency.
3.5. Armature reaction and method of reducing armature reaction.
3.6. Commutation and methods of improving commutation.
3.7. Application and significance of DC generator
3.8. Numerical problems

Unit 4. DC Motor [10 Hrs.]

4.1. Operation: operating principle, torque equation, back emf, roles of back emf.
4.2. Types of dc motor: Shunt, series and compound, their characteristics and
applications.
4.3. Losses and efficiency.
4.4. DC motor starter
4.5. Speed control of dc motor
4.6. Application and significance of DC motor
4.7. Numerical problems

Practical: [30 hours]

Lab 1. Perform the following tests of single-phase transformer and evaluate equivalent circuit
parameters. [6 Hrs.]
1.1. Turn ratio test
1.2. No-load test
1.3. Short circuit test
Lab 2. Perform load operation of single-phase transformer to calculate efficiency at various
loads and voltage regulation. [2 Hrs.]
Lab 3. Perform test on a three-phase transformer for various types of connections (Star/Star,
Delta/Delta and Star/Delta) and verify the relation between line and phase quantities.

[6 Hrs.]
Lab 4. Perform polarity test on two separate single-phase transformers to connect the
transformers in parallel and study the load sharing. [2 Hrs.]

49
Lab 5. Draw open circuit curve (OCC) of dc shunt generator. Calculate the steady state value
of voltage build up at no-load from the graphical analysis and verify it with
experimentally measured value. Determine its critical resistance and critical speed.
[4 Hrs.]
Lab 6. Measure the parameters and determine the load characteristics and voltage regulation
of dc shunt generator and dc compound generator and compare the results. [2 Hrs.]
Lab 7. Measure the parameters and determine the load characteristics and voltage regulation
of dc series generator. [2 Hrs.]
Lab 8. Measure the parameters and draw Speed/armature current, speed/torque and
load/efficiency curves on dc shunt motor. [2 Hrs.]
Lab 9. [4 Hrs.]
9.1. Perform speed control of dc shunt generator by field control method [2 Hrs.]
9.2. Perform speed control of dc shunt generator Speed control by armature control
method. [2 Hrs.]

Final written exam evaluation scheme

Unit Title Hours Marks Distribution*
1 Single Phase Transformer 14 25
2 Three Phase Transformer 8 14
3 DC Generator 13 23
4 DC Motor 10 18
Total 45 80
* There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.

References:
1. Nagrath I.J. and Kothari D.P., (2017) “Electric Machines”, (Third edition), Tata
McGraw-Hill
publication.
2. Gupta J.B., (2013) “Theory and performance of Electrical Machines” (Ninth edition),
S.K. Kataria & Sons, India.

50
 Electrical Instruments and Measurements
EG2207EE
Year: II Total: 6 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: 3 hours/week
Tutorial: 1 hour/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: 2 hours/week
Course Description:
This course covers the electrical machines-transformer, dc generator and dc motor. It deals
with the constructional details, operating principle, characteristics, testing methods of the
above machines.

Course Objectives:
After completion of this course the student will be able to:
1. Explain the construction and operating principles of various types of measuring
instruments (e.g. moving coil, moving iron, electro-dynamometer, and induction type)
for measurement of voltage, current, power, resistance, energy, power factor and
frequency.
2. Measure R, L and C using different types of bridge.
3. Measure non-electrical quantities e.g. temperature, illumination, distance, velocity,
strain etc.

Course Contents:
Theory
Unit 1. Electrical Measuring Instrument [8 Hrs.]
1.1. Introduction to measurement and Instruments.
1.2. Measurement of electrical quantities and instrument for their measurements,
Sources of error.
1.3. Types and application of indicating, recording and integrating type instruments.
1.4. Essential features of indicating instruments (deflecting, balancing and damping
torque).
1.5. Moving coil instrument – construction, operating principle and application.
1.6. Moving iron instrument – construction, operating principle and application.
1.7. Electro dynamometer instrument – construction, operating principle and application

Unit 2. Measurement of Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance [6 Hrs.]

2.1. Classification of resistance.
2.2. Measurement of low resistance using ammeter and voltmeter method and Kelvin
double bridge method.
2.3. Measurement of medium resistance using Wheatstone bridge method.
2.4. Measurement of high resistance and continuity using Megger.
2.5. Maxwell’s bridge for inductance measurement.
2.6. De Sauty bridge and Schering bridge for capacitance measurement.

Unit 3. Extension of measuring range of instruments [4 Hrs.]

51
 3.1. Shunts and Multipliers – use and characteristics.
3.2. Multi-range meters – ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter and multimeter.

Unit 4. Potentiometer [4 Hrs.]

4.1. Operating principle, construction, connection into electric circuit and application of
d.c. potentiometer.
4.2. Operating principle, construction, and application of inductive potentiometer

Unit 5. Measurement of Power, Energy and Frequency [8 Hrs.]

5.1. Power measurement in single-phase with wattmeter and three-phase with two and
three wattmeter methods.
5.2. Reactive power measurement using VAR meter.
5.3. Single-phase and three phase energy measurement using single and three phases
energy meter.
5.4. Measurement of frequency using frequency meter.
5.5. Measurement of maximum demand using maximum demand meter.
5.6. Application of ‘Time of Day’ (TOD) meter

Unit 6. Measuring Instruments for measurement of Non-electrical Quantities. [6 Hrs.]

6.1. Thermocouple – construction, operation and application in measurement of voltage
or current.
6.2. Lux-meter – construction, operation and application in measurement of
illumination on working plane.
6.3. Piezometer – construction, operation and application.
6.4. Transducers – construction, operation and application in measurement of distance,
velocity and strain.

Unit 7. Electronic Instrument [3 Hrs.]

7.1. Cathode-ray Oscilloscope – basic construction, operation and application.
7.2. Digital multimeter – only block diagram and applications.

Unit 8. Instrument Transformers [4 Hrs.]

8.1. Current transformer – operating principle, construction, characteristics and
application in measurements.
8.2. Potential transformer – operating principle, construction, characteristics and
application in measurements.

Unit 9. Smart metering system [2 Hrs.]

9.1. Introduction to Smart metering technology: AMR (Automatic Metering Reading),
MRI (Meter Reading Instrument).
9.2. Introduction to AMI (Advanced metering infrastructure), functions of AMI, cyber
Security.

Practical: [30 Hrs.]

Lab 1. Measure d.c. voltage and current using moving coil instrument with shunt and
multiplier.

52
 [4 Hrs.]
Lab 2. Measure voltage, current and power using electro-dynamometer and compare with
the result of power factor meter. [6 Hrs.]
Lab 3. Measure energy for single/three phase system using kWhr meter for the inductive
Load. Check the accuracy. [6 Hrs.]
Lab 4. Measure resistance using bridge, potentiometer and ammeter voltmeter method and
compare the results. [6 Hrs.]
Lab 5. Measure inductance and capacitance using a.c. bridge. [6 Hrs.]
Lab 6. Measure temperature using thermocouple. [2 Hrs.]

Final written exam evaluation scheme

Unit Title Hours Marks Distribution*
1 Electrical Measuring Instrument 8 14
2 Measurement of Resistance,
6 11
Inductance and Capacitance
3 Extension of measuring range of
4 7
instruments
4 Potentiometer 4 7
5 Measurement of Power, Energy and
8 14
Frequency
6 Measuring Instruments for
measurement of Non-electrical 6 11
Quantities.
7 Electronic Instrument 3 5
8 Instrument Transformers 4 7
9 Smart metering system 2 4
Total 45 80
* There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.

References:
1. A.K. Sawhney (2021), “A Corse in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and
Instrumentation”, Dhanpat Rai & Sons
2. Lion, Kurt S., (1977), “Elements of Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation”
McGraw-Hill Education; International Ed edition
3. GOLDING AND WIDDIS (2011), “Electrical Measurements and Measuring
Instruments”, Reem Publications Pvt. Ltd.
4. B.A. Gregory (1981), “An Introduction to Electrical Instrumentation and
Measurement System’’, Palgrave HE UK; 2nd edition

53
 Power Stations
EG2208EE
Year: II Total: 4 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: 4 hours/week
Tutorial: hour/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: hours/week
Course Description:
The course deals with the characteristics, features and classifications of electrical power
stations.

Course Objectives:
After completing this course, the students will be able to:
1. Explain various power system components
2. Describe various power generating sources and their operating features
3. Diagnose different Excitation systems and AVR used in alternators
4. Illustrate bus bar arrangements at substations

Course Contents:
Theory
Unit 1. Introduction to Power System [4 Hrs.]
1.1. Historical background of electricity generation (international and Nepalese
scenario), early electrical system and voltage level
1.2. Schematic layout modern power system: generation, substation, transmission,
distribution units
1.3. Need of voltage transformation
1.4. Significance of standard frequency used in A.C. system

Unit 2. Generation of Electrical Energy [7 Hrs.]

2.1. Advantage of Electrical energy in comparison with other form of energy
2.2. Type of generations: base load plant, peak load plant, renewable power plant
2.3. Typical layout for converting an energy into electrical energy
2.4. Sources of energy to be converted into electrical energy
2.4.1. Hydro energy to electrical energy
2.4.2. Thermal energy to electrical energy
2.4.3. Renewable energy sources
2.5. Economic of power generation: load factor, plant capacity factor, plant utilization
factor, reserves capacity.

Unit 3. Power Plants [20 Hrs.]

3.1. Types of power plants
3.2. Diesel power plant
3.2.1. Working principle and plant layout
3.2.2. Component and accessories
3.2.3. Manual and automatic starting
3.2.4. Operation and maintenance features

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 3.2.5. Applications
3.3. Hydro power plant
3.3.1. Working principle and plant layout
3.3.2. Dam, reservoir, forbay, spillway power cannel, tunnel, surge tank, penstock
and other accessories
3.3.3. Turbines and their classifications
3.3.4. Sitting and sizing concept
3.3.5. History of hydro power plant in Nepal
3.4. Thermal power plant
3.4.1. Basic working principle and plant layout
3.4.2. Component and accessories
3.4.3. Operation and maintenance features
3.4.4. Applications

Unit 4. Transmission and Distribution system [6 Hrs.]

4.1. Transmission System:
4.1.1. Introduction, necessity of Transmission System
4.1.2. Transmission Layout, voltage level, insulation, right of way, conductor
spacing
4.1.3. A.C. and D.C applications: introduction and comparison
4.1.4. Transmission system in Nepalese context
4.2. Distribution system
4.2.1. Introduction, necessity of Distribution System
4.2.2. Distribution Layout, voltage level
4.2.3. Distribution system in Nepalese context

Unit 5. Major accessories in power plants [8 Hrs.]

5.1. Excitation system
5.1.1. D.C. excitation system
5.1.2. A.C. excitation system
5.1.3. brushless excitation system
5.2. Automatic Voltage regulator construction and operation
5.3. Locations Brief description of switch yard; Bus Bars, Circuit breakers, lighting
arrestors

Unit 6. Substations [15 Hrs.]

6.1. Introduction to switchyard
6.2. Necessity of substations
6.3. Substation layouts, incoming and outgoing line arrangements
6.4. Grid substations and distribution substations
6.5. Major equipment at substations
6.6. Selection of transformers based on applications
6.7. Fault limiting reactors
6.8. Circuit breakers, isolators, Lighting arrestors and other accessories
6.9. Bus bar arrangement
6.9.1. Single bus bar

55
 6.9.2. Duplicate bus bars
6.9.3. Ring main bus bars
6.9.4. Sectionalization of bus bars
6.10. Communication system telephone, basic concept of PLCC and SCADA system
6.11. Switching stations

Final written exam evaluation scheme

Unit Title Hours Marks Distribution*
1 Introduction to Power System 4 5
2 Generation of Electrical Energy 7 9
3 Power Plants 20 27
4 Transmission and Distribution
6 8
system
5 Major accessories in power plants 8 11
6 Substations 15 20
Total 60 80
* There could be minor deviation in mark distribution.
References:
1. M.L. Soni, P.V. Gupta, U.S. Bhtnagar& A Chkrabarti, “A text Book on Power System
Engineering”,Dhanpat Rai & Co., India
2. Deshpande, “Elements of Electrical Power Station Design”, Pitman & Sons

56